cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.


cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.


cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.


believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.


cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c500m;
[Thysdrus] Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.


cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c500m;
[Thysdrus] Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  Tunisian archaeological site number: 007.157 (Utique; Henchir Bechateur; UTIKA);
[Utica] Cahier Ghar el Melh (NO-SO) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | 007 Ghar el Melh.
  reference to circus;
[Utica] Utica, Tunisia at British School at Rome - Accademia Britannica di Archeologia, Storia e Belle Arti - Research - Archaeology - Geophysics - Geophysics Projects (search for 'Utica, Tunisia').
  uncorroborated location;
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (uncorroborated).
  more probable location
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (probable).
  as indicated by the maps in
[Utica] 'Survey and Excavation at Utica 2010' by Nabil Kallala, Elizabeth Fentress, Josephine Quinn, Andrew Wilson (maps on pages 11 and 12).
  confirms the given location; approximate length measured from the maps in:  280-300m.


in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c500m;
[Thysdrus] Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  Tunisian archaeological site number: 007.157 (Utique; Henchir Bechateur; UTIKA);
[Utica] Cahier Ghar el Melh (NO-SO) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | 007 Ghar el Melh.
  reference to circus;
[Utica] Utica, Tunisia at British School at Rome - Accademia Britannica di Archeologia, Storia e Belle Arti - Research - Archaeology - Geophysics - Geophysics Projects (search for 'Utica, Tunisia').
  uncorroborated location;
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (uncorroborated).
  more probable location
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (probable).
  as indicated by the maps in
[Utica] 'Survey and Excavation at Utica 2010' by Nabil Kallala, Elizabeth Fentress, Josephine Quinn, Andrew Wilson (maps on pages 11 and 12).
  confirms the given location; approximate length measured from the maps in:  280-300m.

cited in Humphrey;  location (from 1930s aerial photograph);
[Antioch] The Circus | Antioch at circusmaximus.us.
  map
[Antioch] map Ancient City of Antioch  from a past exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
  of ancient Antioch
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: ancient city of Antioch.
  showing the circus as a hippodrome; length: c490m;
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: Antioch Roman hippodrome.
  width: c90m;  very little visible today; is more visible in a 1930s aerial photograph;  lightly over-built by modern structures and occupations.


cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c500m;
[Thysdrus] Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  Tunisian archaeological site number: 007.157 (Utique; Henchir Bechateur; UTIKA);
[Utica] Cahier Ghar el Melh (NO-SO) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | 007 Ghar el Melh.
  reference to circus;
[Utica] Utica, Tunisia at British School at Rome - Accademia Britannica di Archeologia, Storia e Belle Arti - Research - Archaeology - Geophysics - Geophysics Projects (search for 'Utica, Tunisia').
  uncorroborated location;
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (uncorroborated).
  more probable location
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (probable).
  as indicated by the maps in
[Utica] 'Survey and Excavation at Utica 2010' by Nabil Kallala, Elizabeth Fentress, Josephine Quinn, Andrew Wilson (maps on pages 11 and 12).
  confirms the given location; approximate length measured from the maps in:  280-300m.

cited in Humphrey;  location (from 1930s aerial photograph);
[Antioch] The Circus | Antioch at circusmaximus.us.
  map
[Antioch] map Ancient City of Antioch  from a past exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
  of ancient Antioch
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: ancient city of Antioch.
  showing the circus as a hippodrome; length: c490m;
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: Antioch Roman hippodrome.
  width: c90m;  very little visible today; is more visible in a 1930s aerial photograph;  lightly over-built by modern structures and occupations.

Double-U-shaped; very substantially preserved; significantly smaller than other circuses; may be considered a stadium or hippodrome rather than a circus; visible track length: c220m;
[Aphrodisias] Wikimapia location: Aphrodisias Roman circus/hippodrome/stadium.
  visible track width: 35m.


cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.

Cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Carthago] The Circus | Carthage Circus at circusmaximus.us.
  length: c500m;
[Carthago] Wikimapia location: Carthago Roman circus.
  width: c90m;  U-shaped; very little remains visible; partly occupied by modern constructions.

Commodum OR Municipium Aurelium Commodum

cited in Humphrey;  archaeological document of Tunisian government
[Commodum] site no. 028.113, Henchir Fraxine/Henchir Bou Cha (anc. Municipium Aurelium Commodum) (doc page: 98; PDF page: 99)(gives UTM coordinates: 358,900N; 498,350E = approx: 36 deg 32' N, 9 deg 53' E) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | Bir Mcherga 028 | Cahier BIR MCHERGA 028.
  ; location of place on topographic map  (ref: NJ 32-15/498358); no online circus-specific information found.

Hadrumetum OR Colonia Concordia Ulpia Trajana Augusta Frugifera Hadrumetina

cited in Humphrey;  probable location
[Hadrumetum] Wikimapia location: Sousse Roman circus (probable location).
  based on information in 1903 documents
[Hadrumetum] Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (especially PDF pages: 16, 17, 19, 204, 239, 410) SOCIÉTÉ ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE SOUSSE, Assemblée générale du 29 Février 1903, Extraits des procès-verbaux des réunions. etc., from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie / National Heritage Institute (INP) | Digital Library | Sousse Archaeological Bulletin (near bottom of page).
  , reinforced by an undated aerial photograph;
[Hadrumetum] aerial photograph of Sousse from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree | PHOTOS AERIENNES | Sousse ville. | A00219.
  visible length (as measured on Wikimapia based on cross-reference with aerial photograph): c350m or greater.

Thugga OR Municipium Septimium Aurelium Liberum Thugga
[Thugga] Dougga#Dougga's liberty.

cited in Chase;  approximate location,
[Thugga] Wikimapia location: Thugga Roman circus (approximate location).
  on the north western edge of town, suggested (though not explicitly identified) on plan,
[Thugga] Délimitation du site culturel de Dougga. A3. Scale by calculation ~ 1: 6,250. Shows boundaries and buffer zone of the World Heritage property from UNESCO - Culture - World Heritage Centre - The List - World Heritage List - Dougga / Thugga - Maps.
  and plan;
[Thugga] THE GERMAN-TUNISIAN PROJECT AT DOUGGA FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS SOUTH OF THE MAISON DU TRIFOLIUM (page 47).
  various lengths are referenced: c175m,
[Thugga] PlanetWare.com > Africa and the Middle East > Tunisia > Tunisia Tourist Attractions > Dougga Tourist Attractions | Circus.
  393m;
[Thugga] Dougga#Circus.
  the site is open agricultural land with no subsequent occupation.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c500m;
[Thysdrus] Wikimapia location: Thysdrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form lightly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  Tunisian archaeological site number: 007.157 (Utique; Henchir Bechateur; UTIKA);
[Utica] Cahier Ghar el Melh (NO-SO) from Institut National du Patrimoine Tunisie | Archaeological Map | Carte National des Sites Arqueologiques e des Monuments Historiques | 007 Ghar el Melh.
  reference to circus;
[Utica] Utica, Tunisia at British School at Rome - Accademia Britannica di Archeologia, Storia e Belle Arti - Research - Archaeology - Geophysics - Geophysics Projects (search for 'Utica, Tunisia').
  uncorroborated location;
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (uncorroborated).
  more probable location
[Utica] Wikimapia location: Utica Roman circus (probable).
  as indicated by the maps in
[Utica] 'Survey and Excavation at Utica 2010' by Nabil Kallala, Elizabeth Fentress, Josephine Quinn, Andrew Wilson (maps on pages 11 and 12).
  confirms the given location; approximate length measured from the maps in:  280-300m.

cited in Humphrey;  location (from 1930s aerial photograph);
[Antioch] The Circus | Antioch at circusmaximus.us.
  map
[Antioch] map Ancient City of Antioch  from a past exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art.
  of ancient Antioch
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: ancient city of Antioch.
  showing the circus as a hippodrome; length: c490m;
[Antioch] Wikimapia location: Antioch Roman hippodrome.
  width: c90m;  very little visible today; is more visible in a 1930s aerial photograph;  lightly over-built by modern structures and occupations.

Double-U-shaped; very substantially preserved; significantly smaller than other circuses; may be considered a stadium or hippodrome rather than a circus; visible track length: c220m;
[Aphrodisias] Wikimapia location: Aphrodisias Roman circus/hippodrome/stadium.
  visible track width: 35m.

Byzantium     Hippodrome of Constantinople

Built under Septimius Severus; estimated length: c450m;
[Byzantium] Hippodrome of Constantinople#History and use.
  estimated width: c130m;  other than some monuments from the spina, virtually none of the structure is visible today; it is believed much of the structure may lie buried some 2m below the current surface.
[Byzantium] Hippodrome of Constantinople#The Hippodrome today.