cited in Humphrey;  referred to as a hippodrome;
[Caesarea Maritima] The Circus | Caesarea at circusmaximus.us.
  on the coast; parallel to the coast; visible track length: c290m;
[Caesarea Maritima (coastal)] Wikimapia location: Caesarea Maritima Roman circus (coastal).
  visible track width: c45m;  U-shaped plan form clearly visible; structure substantially complete; few modern structures constructed within the space.

c1km inland from the coast; visible track length: c410m;
[Caesarea Maritima (inland)] Wikimapia location: Caesarea Maritima Roman circus (inland).
  visible track width: c80m;  form substantially visible; apparently U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures.

cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Aquileia] The Circus | Aquileia at circusmaximus.us.
  track length measured from location information: c460m; [Aquileia] Wikimapia location: Aquileia Roman circus.
  track width measured from location information: c80m.

cited in Humphrey;  ;
[Bovillae] L'antica Bovillae | Il Circo di Bovillae  at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  information and photos in English;
[Bovillae] English page | The Roman stadium of Boville at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  (track?) length: 328.50m;  (track?) width: 60m;  location centred on the only visible remains - three stone arches
[Bovillae] Wikimapia location: Bovillae Roman circus.
  (part of the carceres).

Cited in Chase;  location;
[Mediolanum] The Circus | Milan at circusmaximus.us.

[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus.
  track length: 460m;
[Mediolanum] J.H.Humphrey, Roman Circuses, Londra 1986, p.614.  track width: 67/68m;  the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus;
[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner).
  the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.

Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.


c1km inland from the coast; visible track length: c410m;
[Caesarea Maritima (inland)] Wikimapia location: Caesarea Maritima Roman circus (inland).
  visible track width: c80m;  form substantially visible; apparently U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures.

cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Aquileia] The Circus | Aquileia at circusmaximus.us.
  track length measured from location information: c460m; [Aquileia] Wikimapia location: Aquileia Roman circus.
  track width measured from location information: c80m.

cited in Humphrey;  ;
[Bovillae] L'antica Bovillae | Il Circo di Bovillae  at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  information and photos in English;
[Bovillae] English page | The Roman stadium of Boville at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  (track?) length: 328.50m;  (track?) width: 60m;  location centred on the only visible remains - three stone arches
[Bovillae] Wikimapia location: Bovillae Roman circus.
  (part of the carceres).

Cited in Chase;  location;
[Mediolanum] The Circus | Milan at circusmaximus.us.

[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus.
  track length: 460m;
[Mediolanum] J.H.Humphrey, Roman Circuses, Londra 1986, p.614.  track width: 67/68m;  the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus;
[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner).
  the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.

Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.


cited in Humphrey;  location;
[Aquileia] The Circus | Aquileia at circusmaximus.us.
  track length measured from location information: c460m; [Aquileia] Wikimapia location: Aquileia Roman circus.
  track width measured from location information: c80m.

cited in Humphrey;  ;
[Bovillae] L'antica Bovillae | Il Circo di Bovillae  at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  information and photos in English;
[Bovillae] English page | The Roman stadium of Boville at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  (track?) length: 328.50m;  (track?) width: 60m;  location centred on the only visible remains - three stone arches
[Bovillae] Wikimapia location: Bovillae Roman circus.
  (part of the carceres).

Cited in Chase;  location;
[Mediolanum] The Circus | Milan at circusmaximus.us.

[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus.
  track length: 460m;
[Mediolanum] J.H.Humphrey, Roman Circuses, Londra 1986, p.614.  track width: 67/68m;  the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus;
[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner).
  the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.

Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.


cited in Humphrey;  ;
[Bovillae] L'antica Bovillae | Il Circo di Bovillae  at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  information and photos in English;
[Bovillae] English page | The Roman stadium of Boville at parcodibovillae.org | PROTEZIONE DELL'AREA DELL'ANTICA BOVILLAE .
  (track?) length: 328.50m;  (track?) width: 60m;  location centred on the only visible remains - three stone arches
[Bovillae] Wikimapia location: Bovillae Roman circus.
  (part of the carceres).

Cited in Chase;  location;
[Mediolanum] The Circus | Milan at circusmaximus.us.

[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus.
  track length: 460m;
[Mediolanum] J.H.Humphrey, Roman Circuses, Londra 1986, p.614.  track width: 67/68m;  the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus;
[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner).
  the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.

Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.


Cited in Chase;  location;
[Mediolanum] The Circus | Milan at circusmaximus.us.

[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Mediolanum Roman circus.
  track length: 460m;
[Mediolanum] J.H.Humphrey, Roman Circuses, Londra 1986, p.614.  track width: 67/68m;  the principal visible remains are a tower at the north western corner of the circus;
[Mediolanum] Wikimapia location: Milan Roman circus (tower at the north western corner).
  the main body of the circus lay SSE of this tower.

Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.


Cited in Humphrey;  it is not entirely clear whether this 'structure' was, in fact, a circus or stadium of the form of the others in this list; Wikimapia location;
[Circus Flaminius] Wikimapia location: Circus Flaminius, Rome.
  estimates of size are: length 260-500 m,
[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius.

[Circus Flaminius] Circus Flaminius - Samuel Ball Platner, 1929, via http://penelope.uchicago.edu/ at the University of Chicago.
  width 100m.

Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.


Roma     Circus of Maxentius, a.k.a. Circus of Caracalla

Visible track length: c490m;
[Circus of Maxentius] Wikimapia location: Circus of Maxentius, Rome.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; many parts of the structure are visible.

Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.


Track length: c621m;
[Circus Maximus] Circus Maximus#Republican era.
  track width: c150m;  form substantially visible; U-shaped; the space is practically unoccupied by any modern structures; only a few parts of the structure are visible or remain.

Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.


Roma     Circus of Nero, a.k.a. Circus of Caligula, or Vatican Circus

Cited in Humphrey;  location just to the south of St. Peter's Basilica well established, though exact position and orientation unknown; the only surviving remains are the obelisk which was brought from Egypt to adorn the spina in 37 AD;
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the spina obelisk until 1586).
  the obelisk was moved to its current location in Saint Peter's Square in 1586.
[Circus of Nero] Wikimapia location: Circus of Nero (location of the obelisk since 1586).

Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).


Roma     Circus Varianus; :it:Circo Variano

Cited in Humphrey;  Wikimapia location;
[Circus Varianus] Wikimapia location: Circus Varianus, Rome.
  length: 565m;
[Circus Varianus] Circo Variano at Italian Wikipedia.
  width: 125m.

Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.


Cited in Humphrey;  a German language archaeological site map of Gadara [Gadara] Gadara (Umm Quais) Topographische Bestandkarte 2007 (archaeological site map)  from Research projects | geographical order | Gadara/Umm Qais (Jordanien)  at Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI) .  indicates a location for what is described as a hippodrome.
[Gadara] Wikimapia location: Gadara hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.


cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c245m;
[Gerasa] Wikimapia location: Gerasa Roman circus.
  visible track width: c50m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure still stands.

Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.


Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus     Beirut Hippodrome

cited in Humphrey;  the location is of the archaeological site of the Beirut Hippodrome as given on Wikimapia;
[Berytus] Wikimapia location: Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus Roman hippodrome.
  this may, or may not, be the same structure as the circus.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c435m;
[Tyrus] Wikimapia location: Tyrus Roman circus.
  visible track width: c80m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; a great deal of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c300m?;
[Cyrene] Wikimapia location: Cyrene Roman circus.

[Cyrene] The Circus | Circus at Cyrene at circusmaximus.us.
  visible track width: c45m;  form reasonably visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible; sometimes referred to as a hippodrome.

cited in Humphrey;  located both on and parallel to the sea shore; visible track length: c445m;
[Leptis Magna] Wikimapia location: Leptis Magna Roman circus.
  visible track width: c75m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; some of the structure is still visible.

believed to have existed, but unconfirmed; archaeological information about the Roman town;
[Aeminium] Aeminium at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro  | English Version.

[Aeminium] Aeminium  (in Portuguese), at Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro | Mini-Sítios.
  reference to a suggested location for the circus (Praça do Comércio); suggested location.
[Aeminium] Wikimapia location: suggested location for Aeminium Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is approximately that indicated conjecturally, though with considerable certainty, at;
[Balsa] O Urbanismo de Balsa Romana (from 8:50; dimensions given at 9:11) at Campo Arqueológico de Tavira.
  that site states the topographic marks of [the circus] permit a reasonably rigorous survey; length: c375m;  width: c80m.

cited in Chase;  visible track length: c330m;
[Miróbriga] Wikimapia location: Miróbriga Roman circus.
  visible track width: c70m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; little of the structure is still visible.

in what is today the 'Rossio'; an account (in Portuguese) of excavations which uncovered a section of the spina of the circus can be found at.
[Olissipona] A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo by IPPAR (now IGESPAR); published as: Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia. volume 5. número 2. 2002, pp 245-275, A Cronologia do Circo de Olisipo: a Terra Sigillata, Eurico Sepúlveda and others.

cited in Humphrey;  the location is a close approximation based on information at;
[Sirmium] archaeological plan of Roman Sirmium from Sirmium Palatium Imperiale at Carska Palata Sirmium.
  length: c450m;
[Sirmium] Sirmium#Archeological findings.
  width: c150m;  the structure lies buried some 2-4 m under the current town centre, just to the north of the partially excavated palace; only very small sections have been excavated.

cited in Humphrey;  the circus lies under the pedestrian thoroughfare 'Paseo Del Mercadal';
[Calagurris] Cidade | Turismo | Monumentos | Arqueología Romana at Ayuntamiento de Calahorra .
  length c300-350m.
[Calagurris] Wikimapia location: Calagurris Roman circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location, from Wikimapia
[Cáparra] Wikimapia location: Cáparra Roman circus.
  and Spanish Wikipedia
[Cáparra] Cáparra at Spanish Wikipedia.
  is of the ruins of the Roman city only; there is no indication of the location of the circus.

location from Wikimapia and others;
[Corduba] Wikimapia location: Corduba Roman circus.

[Corduba] Cordoba Roman circus   at Artencordoba.com | Roman Córdoba  (see also: plan of Roman Cordoba ; and: detailed location map of the circus).
  length: c370m;  entirely buried under the existing city centre; virtually no remains visible.

Emerita Augusta     Circus Maximus (Mérida)

Cited in Humphrey;  visible track length: c400m;
[Emerita Augusta] Wikimapia location: Emerita Augusta Roman circus.
  visible track width: c85m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped but without the distinctive slanted 'flat' carceres end seen in many other circuses; instead the 'flat' end is slightly rounded; the space is unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure is still visible.

cited in Humphrey;  very approximate location;
[Italica] Roman sites by list | Spain | Italica at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies under the centre of the existing old town of Santiponce; nothing is visible; note that the very large amphitheatre at Italica is sometimes referred to as a circus.

cited in Humphrey;  the location of the circus has been confirmed by the excavation, and preservation, of a gate to the circus;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus.

[Saguntum] Roman sites by list | Spain | Sagunto at Imperium Roman sites.
  the circus lies buried under the existing town; only the gate is visible;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (excavated gate).
  length: c350m;
[Saguntum] Wikimapia location: Saguntum Roman circus (information, including dimensions, in Spanish).
  width: c73m.

cited in Humphrey;  most of the circus lies buried under the existing town; a substantial part of the curved eastern end, and part of the south-western side, are visible; track length: c290m;
[Tarraco] Roman Art | Public Spectacles architecture | Circus of Tarraco in Tarragona | Roman Circus of Tarraco, at Tarragona at SpanishArts.com.
  track width: c75m.

Cited in Humphrey;  between a third and a half of the circus, including the round end, is partially visible; the remainder of the circus, has either been obliterated, or lies under modern constructions; suggested length: c430m;
[Toletum] The Circus | Toledo  at circusmaximus.us.

[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus.
  visible width: c75m.
[Toletum] Wikimapia location: Toletum Roman circus (curved end).

cited in Humphrey;  there appears to be significant uncertainty about the status, and even name, of Zafra in the Roman era;
[Zafra] Zafra#Roman era (article accessed: 2012-03-01).
  the town appears to have no significant Roman remains other than those of some 20 Roman villas in the surrounding area;  no online circus-specific information found.

Bosra Eski Sham OR Busra Eski Şam OR Busra ash-Sham

cited in Humphrey;  French maps of Roman Bosra showing the location of the circus (or hippodrome);
[Bostra] Plan de l'Ancienne Ville de Bosra montrant l'emplacement de tous les monuments connus. B&W, 37 x 25 cm, scale by approximation ~ 1:6,100. Shows in red the boundaries of the site at UNESCO | Ancient City of Bosra.

[Bostra] Plan de Bosra (circus identified as a hippodrome) from In-Depth History | Plan of the City | Plan of the City at Bosracity.com | English.
  visible track length: c430m;
[Bostra] Wikimapia location: Nova Trajana Bostra Roman circus.
  visible track width: c110m;  form clearly visible; U-shaped; the space is virtually unoccupied by any modern structures; much of the structure still stands.

cited in Humphrey;  no online circus-specific information found.

Abthugni
[Abthugni]+[Commodum (as: Mun. Aur. Comm.)] map from DocArtis | Progetti | TUNISIA: Projet de gestion du patrimoine culturel | Bibliografie | B0000018 | Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique; The full article and map can be found from: Pflaum H. G., Romanisation de l'ancien territoire de la Carthage punique - in Antiquités africaines, 4, 1970. pp. 75-118. (the full map is on the last page; a high resolution version of the complete map may be obtained by using the scaling facilities of the site to enlarge the map, and then saving the resulting image).

[Abthugni] Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, Edited by Richard J. A. Talbert, Map 32 Carthago; textual directory to map available from: http://press.princeton.edu/B_ATLAS.ZIP | BATL032_.PDF  (reference to Abthugni and Henchir-es-Souar on directory page 494 (PDF page 2)).

Henchir Souar OR Henchir Esch Schorr OR Henchir es Souar

cited in Humphrey;  coordinates of place;  location of place on topographic map
[Abthugni (as: 'Ruins' at ref: NJ 32-15/510322)]+[Commodum (as: 'Henchir Boucha (ruins)' at ref: NJ 32-15/498358)] on map: NJ 32-15 Tunis, Tunisia from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection | Tunisia Maps | Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, Joint Operations Graphic 1:250,000.
  (ref: NJ 32-15/510322); references to Henchir Souar;
[Abthugni] ZAGHOUAN (search for 'A00030'), from Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Siti complessi e monumenti | Gestion du patrimoine culturel de la Tunisie - Liste des monuments et décrets par gouvernorat (search for 'Zaghouan').

[Abthugni] Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330), page 2 (search for 'Henchir Souar'), from
Docartis | Tunisia | Patrimonio archeologico e storico | Decreti di protezione | Liste Decrets (search for '14, Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330)') | Décret du 13 mars 1912 (24 rabia-el-aoual 1330).
  aerial photograph of place
[Abthugni] aerial photograph from Docartis | Tunisia | Fonti documentarie | Foto aeree  | PHOTOS AERIENNES (search for 'Henchir Souar, A00030').
  confirms coordinates reference; topographic features on aerial photograph match with;
[Abthugni] Wikimapia location: Henchir Souar.
  no online circus-specific information found.