PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q855 wdt:P27 ?country .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?country                                                   | ?countryLabel                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                   | Soviet Union                                 |
| Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (wd:Q2305208) | Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic |
| Russian Empire (wd:Q34266)                                 | Russian Empire                               |

The country Stalin was in charge of was the Soviet Union.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what country was stalin in charge of?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the country Stalin was in charge of, we need to identify the entity for Stalin and then find the country he led. Let's start by searching for Stalin in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Joseph Stalin, also known as Koba, Josef Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovitch Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, Uncle Joe (wd:Q855): leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, opinion journalist, revolutionary, statesperson, politician, linguist
2. Donetsk, also known as Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Stalin, Stalino, Yuzovka (wd:Q43070): city in Ukraine
3. Varna, also known as Stalin, Odesos (wd:Q6506): city in Varna municipality, Varna oblast, Bulgaria
4. Stalin (wd:Q32235): 1992 film directed by Ivan Passer
5. Stalin (wd:Q7597248): 2006 film by A. R. Murugadoss
6. Stalin (wd:Q29437956): biography of Josef Stalin by Leon Trotsky
7. Samson, also known as Stalin (wd:Q4407024)
8. Stalin (wd:Q16281726): name that can be used either as a given name or as a surname
9. Stalin (wd:Q16605767): 1992 film by Kazimierz Kutz
10. Stalin (wd:Q18063553): family name

No other items found

[Assistant]
The top result for "Stalin" is Joseph Stalin (wd:Q855), who was the leader of the Soviet Union. Next, we need to find out which country he was in charge of. We will look for the country associated with Joseph Stalin.

Let's search for the property that indicates the country he led.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
4. UK National Archives ID, also known as UKNA ID, NRA ID, TNA ID, TNA, Public Record Office (wd:P3029 as wdt/p): identifier for a person, family or organisation, in the UK's National Archives database
5. Libraries Australia ID, also known as CNLKIN, NLA Kinetica Service identifier, NLA (Australia) identifier, NLA (Australia) ID, Libraries Australia identifier (wd:P409 as p/wdt): identifier issued by the National Library of Australia (see also...F component. Format: 1-12 digits, removing leading zero-padding.
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
8. Find a Grave memorial ID, also known as FaG ID, FaGID, Find A Grave grave ID, Findagrave ID, Find A Grave memorial ID (wd:P535 as wdt/p): identifier of an individual's burial place in the Find a Grave database
9. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
10. NDL Authority ID, also known as NDLSH (NDL Subject Headings), NDLNA (NDL Name Authority), NDLNAId, NDL identifier, NDL ID (wd:P349 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier for authority control per the National Diet Library of Japan

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties related to "led" did not yield a direct property indicating the country Stalin led. However, we can try another approach by looking for the country where Stalin held a leadership position. We can search for the property "country of citizenship" or "position held" to find the relevant country.

Let's search for the property "country of citizenship" for Joseph Stalin.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as wdt/p): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
5. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdt/p): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
6. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt/p): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
7. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
8. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as p/wdt): person linked to the item in any possible way
9. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
10. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "country of citizenship" (wd:P27) is the most relevant for determining the country Stalin was a citizen of, which can give us an indication of the country he led. Let's execute a SPARQL query to find the country of citizenship for Joseph Stalin.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| ?country                                                   |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                   |
| Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (wd:Q2305208) |
| Russian Empire (wd:Q34266)                                 |

[Assistant]
The results show that Joseph Stalin had citizenship in the Soviet Union, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and the Russian Empire. Since Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, the most relevant country he was in charge of is the Soviet Union.

To finalize the answer, we will construct a SPARQL query that returns the IRI of the Soviet Union and optionally its label for clarity.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language .
}

Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) |

English and Maltese

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do maltese speak?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the language spoken by Maltese people, I need to identify the entity representing "Maltese" and then find the language associated with it. Let's start by searching for the entity "Maltese" in the knowledge graph.

I will use the `search` function to find the entity for "Maltese".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Maltese, also known as Il-lingwa Maltija, lingwa Maltija, Maltese language, mt (wd:Q9166): Semitic language spoken mostly in Malta
2. Maltese, also known as Maltese dog, Maltese terrier (wd:Q38751): dog breed in the toy group
3. Maltese people, also known as Maltese (wd:Q1286876): citizens or residents of Malta
4. Francesco Maltese, also known as Francesco Fioravanti, Francesco (genaamd Il Maltese) Fieravino, Francesco Il Maltese, Francesco Noletti, Il Maltese (wd:Q3081040): Maltese painter (c.1610-1654), painter
5. Maltese, also known as Maltese goat (wd:Q6744778): goat breed
6. Maltese, also known as Leghorn Runt, Burmese Pigeon (wd:Q7780553): pigeon breed
7. Maltese (wd:Q12238320)
8. Maltese (wd:Q117189264)
9. Maltese (wd:Q57477693)
10. Maltese (wd:L35277-F2)

No other items found

[Assistant]
From the search results, the most relevant entity for "Maltese" in the context of the question is "Maltese people" (wd:Q1286876). Now, I need to find the language spoken by these people. The property that typically links a population to their language is "language" (P37).

Let's use the `list` function to find the language associated with the Maltese people.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the property `P37` (language) is not directly linked to the entity "Maltese people" (wd:Q1286876). Instead, let's try to find the language spoken in Malta, the country where the Maltese people live. The entity for Malta should have a direct link to the language spoken there.

I will search for the entity "Malta" and then check the language associated with it.

First, let's find the entity for "Malta".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Malta, also known as Republic of Malta, MT, MLT (wd:Q233): sovereign state in Southern Europe situated on an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea
2. Malta (wd:Q193896): island of Malta
3. Malta, also known as Malta, Montana, Malta, MT (wd:Q963370): city in and county seat of Phillips County, Montana, United States
4. Malta, also known as Malta, Idaho, Malta, ID (wd:Q993877): city in Cassia County, Idaho, United States
5. Malta (wd:Q340115): municipality in Spittal an der Drau District, Carinthia, Austria
6. Malta, also known as Malta, OH (wd:Q2666766): village in Morgan County, Ohio, United States
7. Malta, also known as Malta, IL (wd:Q2672411): village in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States
8. Malta, also known as Santa Rita do Malta (wd:Q2329682): municipality in Paraíba, Brazil
9. Malta, also known as Malta, New York, Malta, NY (wd:Q3708930): town in Saratoga County, New York, United States
10. Malta, also known as Nova (wd:Q1632080): Swedish duo

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Malta" is "Republic of Malta" (wd:Q233). Now, let's find the language spoken in Malta by checking the property `P37` (language) for this entity.

I will use the `list` function to find the language associated with Malta.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject         | property                    | object             |
| --------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Malta (wd:Q233) | official language (wdt:P37) | English (wd:Q1860) |
| Malta (wd:Q233) | official language (wdt:P37) | Maltese (wd:Q9166) |

[Assistant]
The results show that the official languages of Malta are English (wd:Q1860) and Maltese (wd:Q9166).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to confirm this information and provide the answer to the user.

Here is the SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?language
WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query to get the final answer.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query confirms that the languages spoken by the Maltese people are English (wd:Q1860) and Maltese (wd:Q9166).

Therefore, the answer to the question "What language do Maltese speak?" is:

**English and Maltese**

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?language
WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language .
}
```

Answer: **English and Maltese**

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?origin WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?origin
}

The Greek alphabet originated from the Phoenician script.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the greek alphabet come from?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the origin of the Greek alphabet, we need to identify the entity representing the Greek alphabet and then find information about its origin. Let's start by searching for the Greek alphabet in the knowledge graph.

### Step 1: Identify the Greek Alphabet Entity
I will search for the Greek alphabet as a subject in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Greek alphabet, also known as Greek script, Greek (wd:Q8216): script used to write the Greek language
2. history of the Greek alphabet, also known as Greek alphabet history, the Greek alphabet history (wd:Q2627294): aspect of history
3. Greek Albanian alphabet (wd:Q3305475): Greek alphabet adapted for writing the Albanian language
4. Greek spelling alphabet (wd:Q17003959): spelling alphabet for Greek letters
5. extended greek alphabet (wd:Q3237041)
6. ancient Greek alphabet, also known as archaic Greek alphabet (wd:Q3611036): writing system
7. archaic Greek alphabets (wd:Q2839562): Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
8. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814193): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger (YCBA B1977.14.581)
9. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814190): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger
10. Ancient Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106812515): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger

No other items found

[Assistant]
The top result for the Greek alphabet is `wd:Q8216`. This seems to be the correct entity representing the Greek alphabet. Next, we need to find information about its origin. We can look for properties related to the origin or derivation of the Greek alphabet.

### Step 2: Identify Properties Related to Origin
I will search for properties that might indicate the origin or derivation of the Greek alphabet.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as p/wdt): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as p/wdt): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
4. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant]
From the search results, the property `P144` (based on) seems to be the most relevant for finding the origin or derivation of the Greek alphabet. Let's use this property to find out what the Greek alphabet is based on.

### Step 3: Query the Origin of the Greek Alphabet
I will execute a SPARQL query to find the entity that the Greek alphabet is based on using the `P144` property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?origin                       |
| ----------------------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) |

[Assistant]
The query results show that the Greek alphabet is based on the Phoenician script (`wd:Q26752`).

### Final Answer
The Greek alphabet originated from the Phoenician script.

Let's finalize the answer with the SPARQL query and the result.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?movie WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q6107 .
}

Got 13 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

The movies Tupac Shakur starred in include: Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw, Poetic Justice, Straight Outta Compton, Above the Rim, Biggie & Tupac, Juice, Tupac: Resurrection, Tupac: Assassination, Bullet, and Gridlock'd.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies did tupac star in?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the movies Tupac starred in, I need to first identify the entity for Tupac Shakur and then find the movies he starred in. Let's start by searching for Tupac Shakur in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet
2. murder of Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac Shakur killing, killing of Tupac Shakur, Tupac Shakur's murder, Tupac Shakur murder, Tupac Shakur's killing (wd:Q3882218): unsolved murder of American hip hop artist
3. Tupac Shakur Legacy (wd:Q7853473): book by Jamal Joseph
4. Tupac Shakur Legacy (wd:Q60387003): 2006 edition
5. Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw, also known as Tupac Shakur: Thug Angel (wd:Q11704796): 2002 film by Peter Spirer
6. The Killing of Tupac Shakur (wd:Q7744388): book by Cathy Scott
7. The Killing of Tupac Shakur (wd:Q131689833): paperback edition (en)
8. Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts (wd:Q7853469): former performing arts center in Georgia, USA
9. al-Shakur, also known as Shakur (wd:Q4116257): Name of Allah
10. Tupaç (wd:Q13207507): human settlement in Minzälä District, Tatarstan

No other items found

[Assistant] The top result for "Tupac Shakur" is the correct entity (wd:Q6107). Now, I will look for the property that indicates the movies he starred in. This is likely to be something like "filmography" or "acted in". Let's search for the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
7. alternative name, also known as also known as, variant term, variant name, variant heading, variant form (wd:P4970 as wdt/p): qualifier for alternative name(s), given for a subject in a data...rved in references (even these are no longer the preferred name)
8. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt/p): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
9. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt/p): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
10. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for the property "acted in" did not yield the expected results. However, the property "genre" (wd:P136) might be related to the type of work, and "work period (start)" (wd:P2031) might be related to the period of his career. A more appropriate property might be "filmed in" or "starred in," which is often represented by the property "cast member of" (wd:P161).

Let's try searching for "cast member of" and see if it provides the correct property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
2. Cinematografo.it name or company ID (new), also known as CineDataBase cast ID, Cinematografo.it cast ID (new) (wd:P11345 as wdt/p): Cinematografo.it name or company ID
3. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
5. Douban movie celebrity ID, also known as https://movie.douban.com/celebrity, https://movie.douban.com, https://m.douban.com, Douban person ID, douban.com person ID (wd:P5284 as wdt/p): identifier for a celebrity at the Douban movie website
6. TMDB person ID, also known as TMDb person identifier, the movie db person id, themoviedb.org person identifier, themoviedb.org person ID, The Movie Database person identifier (wd:P4985 as p/wdt): identifier for a person at The Movie Database
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
9. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
10. IMDb ID, also known as IMDb identifier, Internet Movie Database identifier (wd:P345 as wdt/p): identifier for the IMDb (with prefix 'tt', 'nm', 'co', 'ev', 'ch' or 'ni')

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for "cast member of" did not yield the expected property. However, the property "cast member of" (wd:P161) is commonly used to indicate that someone is a cast member of a film. Let's use this property to find the movies Tupac Shakur starred in.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the movies where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is listed as a cast member.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the query did not return any results, which suggests that the property `wdt:P161` (cast member of) might not be the correct property for Tupac Shakur's filmography. Let's try another approach by looking for the property that directly links Tupac Shakur to the films he acted in.

Another common property for this purpose is `wdt:P800` (notable work), which can sometimes include films. Let's try this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query using `wdt:P800` (notable work) also did not return any results. This suggests that the property linking Tupac Shakur to the films he starred in might be different or less direct.

Let's try another approach by looking for the films directly associated with Tupac Shakur. We can search for properties that might link him to films, such as "filmography" or "acted in" again, but this time without constraints to see if we can find a more suitable property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
2. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
3. list of works, also known as jikọọ na isiokwu na ọrụ nke mmadụ; jiri P358 mee ihe ngosi (wd:P1455 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): link to the article with the works of a person; use P358 for discographies, has list
4. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
5. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): Wikimedia list related to this subject
6. category for films in this language, also known as category for movies in this language (wd:P5996 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): link to category entity contains films in this language, related category
7. number of parts of this work, also known as number of movements, number of parts of this work of art, number of pictures, number of scenes, number of segments of anthology film (wd:P2635 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): the number of parts that a work comprises
8. TMDB collection ID, also known as The Movie Database film series ID, The Movie Database franchise ID, themoviedb.org collection ID, themoviedb.org film series ID, themoviedb.org franchise ID (wd:P11805 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): identifier for a film series at The Movie Database
9. TMDB movie ID, also known as The Movie Database film ID, TMDb film ID, themoviedb.org movie ID, The Movie Database movie ID, themoviedb.org film ID (wd:P4947 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): identifier for a movie at The Movie Database
10. category for films shot at this location, also known as category of films shot at this location, films shot at this location, cfsi, cff, cat films shot (wd:P1740 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): the object is a category for films shot at or in the subject, related category

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for "filmography" returned the property `wdt:P1283`, which is described as "item for the list of films a person has contributed to." This seems to be the correct property to use for finding the films Tupac Shakur starred in.

Let's construct a SPARQL query using `wdt:P1283` to find the movies Tupac Shakur starred in.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the property `wdt:P1283` (filmography) also did not return any results. This suggests that the information about the films Tupac Shakur starred in might be structured differently in the knowledge graph.

Given that the direct properties we tried did not work, let's try a more indirect approach. We can look for films where Tupac Shakur is mentioned as a cast member by searching for films and then checking if he is listed as a cast member.

Let's try a query that looks for films where Tupac Shakur is listed as a cast member using the property `wdt:P161` (cast member of) in a more flexible way.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

[Assistant]
The query using `wdt:P161` (cast member of) successfully returned the movies in which Tupac Shakur starred. Here are the movies:

1. Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796)
2. Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)
3. Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)
4. Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)
5. Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)
6. Juice (wd:Q642419)
7. Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)
8. Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)
9. Bullet (wd:Q911823)
10. Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                          | ?movieLabel                                     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)                                        | Fast Food                                       |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)                                         | Copshop                                         |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)                                           | Plane                                           |
| What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546) | What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete |
| Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)         | Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball         |
| ...                                                             | ...                                             |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)                                     | The Ugly Truth                                  |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)                                      | Reign of Fire                                   |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                                              | Gamer                                           |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)                                | Law Abiding Citizen                             |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)                               | Butterfly on a Wheel                            |

Gerard Butler has been in the following movies: Fast Food, Copshop, Plane, What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete, Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball, The Ugly Truth, Reign of Fire, Gamer, Law Abiding Citizen, Butterfly on a Wheel, and many more.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies gerard butler has been in?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the movies Gerard Butler has been in, I need to first identify Gerard Butler as an entity and then find the properties that link him to the movies he has acted in.

### Step 1: Identify Gerard Butler
I will start by searching for Gerard Butler as a subject in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gerard Butler, also known as Gerard James Butler (wd:Q169982): Scottish actor and film producer (born 1969), television actor, film producer, stage actor, film actor, lawyer, actor
2. Gerard A Butler (wd:Q11309355): horse trainer
3. Locky Butler, also known as Lochlann Gerard Butler (wd:Q125534277): Irish rugby union player, rugby union player
4. Gerard Butler/Shakira, also known as Saturday Night Live S35E4, Saturday Night Live, season 35 episode 4 (wd:Q110037076): episode of Saturday Night Live (S35 E4)
5. Michael Gerard Butler (wd:Q102340012): Ph.D. University of Michigan 1993
6. Butler, Edward Gerard (DNB00) (wd:Q19095193): entry in Dictionary of National Biography
7. James Robert Gerard Butler (wd:Q112436568): university teacher, economist
8. Gerard 't Hooft, also known as G. Hooft, Gerardus 't Hooft, Gerardus, G.W. 't Hooft, Hooft (wd:Q184592): Dutch theoretical physicist, theoretical physicist, university teacher, non-fiction writer, physicist, pedagogue, professor
9. Butler, also known as Butler, PA, Butler, Pennsylvania (wd:Q1017948): city and the county seat of Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States
10. Butler, also known as Butler, MO, Butler, Missouri (wd:Q955151): city in Missouri, United States

No other items found

[Assistant]
The top result for "Gerard Butler" is the Scottish actor and film producer, which is the correct entity we are looking for. His identifier is `wd:Q169982`.

### Step 2: Identify the Property for Movies Acted In
Next, I need to find the property that links Gerard Butler to the movies he has acted in. This is likely to be a property like "acted in" or "filmography."

I will search for properties related to movies and acting, constrained by Gerard Butler as the subject.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as p/wdt): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
7. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
8. Douban movie celebrity ID, also known as https://movie.douban.com/celebrity, https://movie.douban.com, https://m.douban.com, Douban person ID, douban.com person ID (wd:P5284 as wdt/p): identifier for a celebrity at the Douban movie website
9. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as wdt/p): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
10. Cinematografo.it name or company ID (new), also known as CineDataBase cast ID, Cinematografo.it cast ID (new) (wd:P11345 as wdt/p): Cinematografo.it name or company ID

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "filmography" (P1283) seems to be the most relevant for listing the movies Gerard Butler has acted in. However, it is noted that this property is deprecated and that the recommended approach is to use the "cast member" property (P161) on the film items.

### Step 3: Build the SPARQL Query
I will now build a SPARQL query to find the movies Gerard Butler has acted in using the "cast member" property (P161).

Here is the initial query:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel
WHERE {
  wd:Q169982 wdt:P161 ?movie.
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel. FILTER(LANG(?movieLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query selects the movies where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member and optionally retrieves the English label for each movie.

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query did not return any results, which is unexpected. This could be due to the fact that the "cast member" property (P161) might not be the correct property for this context, or there might be another property that is more appropriate.

### Step 4: Verify the Property and Try Again
Let's verify the property again and try another approach. I will search for properties related to "acted in" or "filmography" again, but this time I will look for properties that are more commonly used for linking actors to movies.

I will also check if there are any other properties that might be used for this purpose.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as p/wdt): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
7. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
8. Douban movie celebrity ID, also known as https://movie.douban.com/celebrity, https://movie.douban.com, https://m.douban.com, Douban person ID, douban.com person ID (wd:P5284 as wdt/p): identifier for a celebrity at the Douban movie website
9. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as wdt/p): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
10. Cinematografo.it name or company ID (new), also known as CineDataBase cast ID, Cinematografo.it cast ID (new) (wd:P11345 as wdt/p): Cinematografo.it name or company ID

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search results are the same as before, and the "filmography" property (P1283) is still the most relevant. However, since it is deprecated, I will try using the "cast member" property (P161) on the film items directly.

### Step 5: Use the "Cast Member" Property on Film Items
I will construct a query that looks for films where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member. This involves finding the films and then checking if Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member for those films.

Here is the revised query:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel
WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982.
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel. FILTER(LANG(?movieLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query selects the movies where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member and optionally retrieves the English label for each movie.

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                          | ?movieLabel                                     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)                                        | Fast Food                                       |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)                                         | Copshop                                         |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)                                           | Plane                                           |
| What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546) | What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete |
| Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)         | Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball         |
| ...                                                             | ...                                             |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)                                     | The Ugly Truth                                  |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)                                      | Reign of Fire                                   |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                                              | Gamer                                           |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)                                | Law Abiding Citizen                             |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)                               | Butterfly on a Wheel                            |

[Assistant]
The query has returned a list of movies where Gerard Butler has been a cast member. The results include both major and minor roles, as well as different types of productions.

### Final Answer
Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel
WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982.
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel. FILTER(LANG(?movieLabel) = "en") }
}
```

The movies Gerard Butler has been in include:
- Fast Food
- Copshop
- Plane
- What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete
- Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball
- The Ugly Truth
- Reign of Fire
- Gamer
- Law Abiding Citizen
- Butterfly on a Wheel
- And many more...

These are the movies where Gerard Butler has been listed as a cast member.

Now, I will provide the final answer using the `answer` function.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?label WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P37 ?language .
  } UNION {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P2936 ?language .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   | ?label          |
| --------------------------- | --------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        | Polari          |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           | Scots           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          | English         |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  | Welsh-Romani    |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         | Cornish         |
| ...                         | ...             |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) | Scottish Cant   |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    | Angloromani     |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            | Irish           |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            | Welsh           |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  | Scottish Gaelic |

The major languages spoken in the United Kingdom include: English, Scots, Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Polari, Welsh Romani, Angloromani, and Scottish Cant.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the major languages spoken in the united kingdom?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the major languages spoken in the United Kingdom, I need to identify the entity for the United Kingdom and then find the properties related to languages spoken there. Let's start by searching for the entity representing the United Kingdom.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Kingdom, also known as U.K., UK, U. K., U K, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
2. United Kingdom, also known as U K, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The UK, U. K., Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
3. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as Great Britain and Ireland, UK, UKGBI, United Kingdom (wd:Q174193): historical sovereign state (1801–1922)
4. A United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q21528200): 2016 film by Amma Asante
5. United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q974636)
6. United Kingdom (wd:Q108280869): 1989 studio album by American Music Club
7. Pedlars Act 1871, also known as Pedlars Act 1881, United Kingdom, (wd:Q55629342): 1871 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Act of Parliament 34 & 35 Vic c. 96
8. United Kingdom (wd:Q110577800): Manny Montes's single
9. United Kingdom (wd:Q7887906): album by Manny Montes
10. United Kingdom (wd:Q96412324)

No other items found

[Assistant] The top result for the United Kingdom is `wd:Q145`. Now, I will search for properties related to languages spoken in the United Kingdom. I expect to find a property like "official language" or "languages spoken."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt/p): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as p/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as wdt/p): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
6. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as wdt/p): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
9. Libraries Australia ID, also known as CNLKIN, NLA Kinetica Service identifier, NLA (Australia) identifier, NLA (Australia) ID, Libraries Australia identifier (wd:P409 as p/wdt): identifier issued by the National Library of Australia (see also...F component. Format: 1-12 digits, removing leading zero-padding.
10. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as wdt/p): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property `wd:P37` (official language) and `wd:P2936` (language used) seem relevant for finding the languages spoken in the United Kingdom. I will use these properties in a SPARQL query to retrieve the languages.

Let's start with a simple query using `wd:P37` to find the official languages:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q145 wdt:P37 ?language .
}
```

I will execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |

[Assistant]
The query using `wd:P37` returned English as the official language of the United Kingdom. However, this might not cover all the major languages spoken there. To get a more comprehensive list, I will also use the `wd:P2936` property (language used).

Let's execute a query using `wd:P2936`:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q145 wdt:P2936 ?language .
}
```

I will execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   |
| --------------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         |
| ...                         |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  |

[Assistant]
The query using `wd:P2936` returned a list of languages used in the United Kingdom, including English, Scots, Welsh, Irish, and others. To provide a more concise and relevant answer, I will combine the results from both properties and filter out any duplicates.

Here is the combined SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P37 ?language .
  } UNION {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P2936 ?language .
  }
}
```

I will execute this query to get the final list of major languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   |
| --------------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         |
| ...                         |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  |

[Assistant]
The combined query has provided a list of major languages spoken in the United Kingdom, including English, Scots, Welsh, Irish, and others. To make the answer more readable, I will include the labels of these languages in the results.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?label WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P37 ?language .
  } UNION {
    wd:Q145 wdt:P2936 ?language .
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?language rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") }
}
```

I will execute this query to get the final list of major languages spoken in the United Kingdom with their labels.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   | ?label          |
| --------------------------- | --------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        | Polari          |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           | Scots           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          | English         |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  | Welsh-Romani    |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         | Cornish         |
| ...                         | ...             |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) | Scottish Cant   |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    | Angloromani     |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            | Irish           |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            | Welsh           |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  | Scottish Gaelic |

[Assistant]
The final query has provided a list of major languages spoken in the United Kingdom along with their labels. Here are the major languages:

- English
- Scots
- Welsh
- Irish
- Scottish Gaelic
- Cornish
- Polari
- Welsh Romani
- Angloromani
- Scottish Cant

These are the languages that are either officially recognized or widely used in the United Kingdom.

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?causeOfDeathLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?causeOfDeath                      | ?causeOfDeathLabel    |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) | cervix uterine cancer |

Eva Perón died from cervix uterine cancer.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of cancer did eva peron die from?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the type of cancer Eva Perón died from, we need to identify the entity for Eva Perón and then find the specific type of cancer associated with her death.

First, let's search for the entity representing Eva Perón in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Eva Perón, also known as Evita Perón, Maria Eva Duarte de Peron, Evita, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Maria Eva Duarte Peron (wd:Q40933): Argentine actress and politician (1919–1952), women's rights activist, trade unionist, stage actor, suffragist, politician, film actor
2. Eva Perón: The True Story, also known as Eva Peron, Eva Perón (wd:Q953441): 1996 film by Juan Carlos Desanzo
3. Fray Luis Beltrán, also known as Eva Perón, Eva Perón tanker, Fray Luis Beltrán tanker (wd:Q113059537): tanker
4. Eva Perón (wd:Q113030601): tanker
5. Hospital Lagomarsino, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q5902632): hospital in Merlo, Buenos Aires
6. Uruguay, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q113330807): 1951 passenger ship
7. Eva Perón (wd:Q47512378): painting by Boris Chaliapin
8. Estadio Eva Perón, also known as Estadio Eva Peron (wd:Q5400194): football stadium in Junín, Argentina
9. Puerto Eva Perón (wd:Q972928): ciudad en la provincia de Chaco, Argentina
10. Eva Perón Foundation (wd:Q2004004): former Argentine foundation

No other items found

[Assistant]
The top result for "Eva Perón" is the entity `wd:Q40933`, which represents the Argentine actress and politician Eva Perón. Now, let's find out the cause of her death, specifically the type of cancer she had.

We will search for the property that indicates the cause of death and then use it to find the specific type of cancer.

Let's start by searching for the property that indicates the cause of death.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
2. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
3. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
5. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
6. case fatality rate, also known as fatality rate, CFR, case fatality ratio, case fatality, case fatality risk (wd:P3457 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): proportion of patients who die of a particular medical condition out of all who have this condition within a given time frame
7. death rate, also known as mortality rate (wd:P10091 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): the total number of persons dead per 1,000 population per year
8. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person
9. has effect, also known as has symptom, implies, leads to, led to, outcome (wd:P1542 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): effect of this item, followed by
10. category for deaths in this time period (wd:P12687 as psn/prn/psv/pr/pqv/pqn/wdt/pq/p/ps/prv/wdtn): category item for people who died in this time period, point in time

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property `wd:P509` (cause of death) is the most relevant for our query. We will use this property to find the specific type of cancer that Eva Perón died from.

Now, let's execute a SPARQL query to find the cause of death for Eva Perón (`wd:Q40933`).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?causeOfDeath                      |
| ---------------------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) |

[Assistant]
The cause of death for Eva Perón is cervix uterine cancer, represented by the entity `wd:Q160105`.

To provide a complete answer, we can also include the label of the cause of death in the SPARQL query. Let's modify the query to include the label.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel
WHERE {
  wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL { ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel . FILTER(LANG(?causeOfDeathLabel) = 'en') }
}
```

Let's execute this query to get the label as well.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?causeOfDeath                      | ?causeOfDeathLabel    |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) | cervix uterine cancer |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query confirms that Eva Perón died from cervix uterine cancer.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer to the question:

```sparql
SELECT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel
WHERE {
  wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL { ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel . FILTER(LANG(?causeOfDeathLabel) = 'en') }
}
```

Answer: Eva Perón died from cervix uterine cancer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process