PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?governmentType ?governmentTypeLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q30 wdt:P122 ?governmentType .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?governmentType rdfs:label ?governmentTypeLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?governmentTypeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?governmentType                 | ?governmentTypeLabel |
| ------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| presidential system (wd:Q49892) | presidential system  |
| federal republic (wd:Q512187)   | federal republic     |
| republic (wd:Q7270)             | republic             |

The United States has a government that is a presidential system, a federal republic, and a republic.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what kind of government does the united states have currently?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the current form of government in the United States, we need to identify the relevant entity for the United States and the property that describes its government type. Let's start by searching for the entity representing the United States.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
2. U.S. state, also known as U.S. states, US state, USA state, U.S.A. state, United States states (wd:Q35657): constituent political entity of the United States of America
3. United States (wd:Q3604334)
4. United States (wd:Q16959097): 2009 studio album by Paul Gilbert
5. United States (wd:Q3965121): television series
6. United States at the 2013 Summer Universiade, also known as United States (wd:Q17027772): sporting event delegation
7. United States (wd:Q110654358): article in The New International Encyclopædia
8. UNITED STATES (wd:Q93577393): scientific article published in September 1927
9. United States (wd:Q64146392)
10. United States (wd:Q73165358): scientific article published on 01 October 2000

[Assistant] The top result for the United States is `wd:Q30`, which represents the country. Next, we need to find the property that describes the form of government. Let's search for properties related to "government".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): subject's government
2. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
3. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
4. office held by head of government, also known as title of head of government, position of head of government, office of head of government, head of government's office, position held by head of government (wd:P1313 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. authority, also known as executive authority, governed by, governing authority, governing body, has authority (wd:P797 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): entity having executive power on given entity
7. legislative body, also known as aboriginal council, Zila, Tehsil, rural council, representative body (wd:P194 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): legislative body governing this entity; political institution wi...ted representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
8. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): persons who hold and/or held the position
9. maintained by, also known as custodian, maintenance, maintainer, held by, administrator (wd:P126 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or organization in charge of keeping the subject (for instance an infrastructure) in functioning order
10. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner

[Assistant]
The property `wd:P122` (basic form of government) seems to be the most relevant for our query. Let's use this property to find out the current form of government of the United States.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve this information.

```sparql
SELECT ?governmentType ?governmentTypeLabel
WHERE {
  wd:Q30 wdt:P122 ?governmentType.
  OPTIONAL { ?governmentType rdfs:label ?governmentTypeLabel . FILTER(LANG(?governmentTypeLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's execute this query to get the result.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?governmentType                 | ?governmentTypeLabel |
| ------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| presidential system (wd:Q49892) | presidential system  |
| federal republic (wd:Q512187)   | federal republic     |
| republic (wd:Q7270)             | republic             |

[Assistant]
The United States has a government that is described as a presidential system, a federal republic, and a republic.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?governmentType ?governmentTypeLabel
WHERE {
  wd:Q30 wdt:P122 ?governmentType.
  OPTIONAL { ?governmentType rdfs:label ?governmentTypeLabel . FILTER(LANG(?governmentTypeLabel) = "en") }
}
```

The United States has a government that is a **presidential system**, a **federal republic**, and a **republic**.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ?position ?startDate WHERE {
  wd:Q33866 p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 ?position .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?startDate .
  }
  FILTER ( ?position = wd:Q11696 )
}

Theodore Roosevelt took office as President of the United States on September 14, 1901.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when did president theodore roosevelt take office?

[Assistant] To answer the question about when President Theodore Roosevelt took office, we need to identify the entity for Theodore Roosevelt and the property that indicates the start date of his presidency. Let's start by searching for Theodore Roosevelt in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Theodore Roosevelt, also known as Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., Teddy Roosevelt (wd:Q33866): 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909, husbandry worker, conservationist, autobiographer, ornithologist, statesperson, naturalist, politician, historian, explorer, essayist, diarist, writer
2. Theodore Roosevelt Sr., also known as Theodore Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. (wd:Q3564517): American businessman, father of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (1831–1878), philanthropist, entrepreneur
3. Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider, also known as Equestrian statue of Roosevelt as rough‐rider, Roosevelt (Theodore), Rough Rider (wd:Q16169361): Bronze sculpture by Alexander Phimister Proctor
4. Theodore Roosevelt, also known as IMO 5235026 (wd:Q97990600): ship launched in 1920
5. Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q19103041): speech by Leonard Wood
6. Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q19103038): magazine article written by William Allen White
7. Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q112205732): television miniseries
8. Rosa 'Theodore Roosevelt', also known as Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q96278445): rose cultivar
9. Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q124251263): male given name
10. Theodore Roosevelt (wd:Q28796800): painting by John Singer Sargent

[Assistant] The top result for Theodore Roosevelt is the 26th President of the United States, which is the correct entity we are looking for. Now, let's find the property that indicates the start date of his presidency. We can search for properties related to "presidency" or "took office."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. oath of office date, also known as start of office date (wd:P1734 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): when person swore the oath and assume or start the office of a position
2. date of official opening, also known as launch date, launched, officially opened on, official opening, official opening time (wd:P1619 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): date or point in time a place, organization, or event officially opened, start time, inception
3. head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, monarch, president, queen (wd:P35 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state, director / manager, chairperson
4. rector, also known as chancellor, university president, Rector (academia), president (wd:P1075 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): senior official in an educational institution., director / manager, chairperson
5. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
6. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
7. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): position of the head of this item
8. officially opened by, also known as inaugurated by, opened by (wd:P542 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person that officially opened the event or place
9. office held by head of state, also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by (wd:P1906 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item
10. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): persons who hold and/or held the position

[Assistant]
The property "oath of office date" (P1734) seems to be the most relevant for determining when Theodore Roosevelt took office. Let's construct a SPARQL query to retrieve this information.

We will query for the start date of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency using the identified property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the property "oath of office date" (P1734) does not return any results for Theodore Roosevelt. Let's try another property that might indicate the start of his presidency, such as "start time" (P580), which is often used for the start of a term or position.

Let's update the SPARQL query to use the "start time" property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The "start time" property (P580) also did not return any results for Theodore Roosevelt. Let's try another approach by looking at the specific positions he held and their start dates. We can use the "position held" property (P39) and then check the start date of the specific position.

Let's first find the positions Theodore Roosevelt held and then check the start dates of those positions.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| ?position                                            | ?startDate           |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Governor-General of the Philippines (wd:Q1542521)    |                      |
| Assistant Secretary of the Navy (wd:Q4809034)        | 1897-04-19T00:00:00Z |
| Vice President of the United States (wd:Q11699)      | 1901-03-04T00:00:00Z |
| President of the United States (wd:Q11696)           | 1901-09-14T00:00:00Z |
| Governor of New York (wd:Q2347975)                   | 1899-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| member of the New York State Assembly (wd:Q20058770) |                      |

[Assistant]
The results show that Theodore Roosevelt held several positions, including the presidency. The start date for his presidency is listed as 1901-09-14T00:00:00Z.

Therefore, Theodore Roosevelt took office as President of the United States on September 14, 1901.

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q214524 wdt:P276 ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?locationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?location               | ?locationLabel |
| ----------------------- | -------------- |
| Gettysburg (wd:Q694550) | Gettysburg     |

The Gettysburg Address was delivered in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the gettysburg address?

[Assistant] To answer the question about where the Gettysburg Address took place, we need to identify the entity for the Gettysburg Address and then find the location associated with it. Let's start by searching for the entity "Gettysburg Address" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gettysburg Address (wd:Q214524): speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
2. Gettysburg Address (wd:Q19046068): version of the text inscribed on the walls at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
3. The Gettysburg Address, also known as Gettysburg Address (wd:Q17097518): 2017 film directed by Sean Conant
4. A Gettysburg Address (wd:Q4656986): episode of Homeland (S2 E6)
5. Address at Gettysburg, also known as The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q56524787): version of Lincoln's speech, 1898 publication
6. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q3832569): 1912 short film
7. The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q14752119): live album by Moon Safari
8. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q76440716): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 144034)
9. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q100307054): newspaper published in New York, New York
10. The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q87280588): episode of In Our Time

[Assistant]
The top result for "Gettysburg Address" is `wd:Q214524`, which refers to the speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Now, let's find the location where this speech was delivered. We will look for a property that indicates the location of the event.

Let's search for properties related to "location" or "place" to see if there is a relevant property we can use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
2. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
3. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
4. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or organization occupying property, used by
5. recorded at studio or venue, also known as venue, studio, recording venue, recording studio, recorded at event (wd:P483 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): studio or location where a musical composition/release was recorded, recording location
6. home venue, also known as home water, venue, stadium, home ground, home field (wd:P115 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): home stadium or venue of a sports team or applicable performing arts organization, location
7. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
8. located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, also known as present-day administrative territorial entity, located in the current administrative territorial entity, located in the modern-day administrative territorial entity, located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, would today be located in administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the item was located in the territory of this present-day administrative unit; however the two did not at any point coexist in time, location, part of
9. directions, also known as locality or place (wd:P2795 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): describe how to find the subject - directions, objects along way, comments
10. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group

[Assistant]
The property `P276` (location) seems to be the most appropriate for finding the location of an event. Let's use this property to find the location where the Gettysburg Address was delivered.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the location of the Gettysburg Address.

```sparql
SELECT ?location WHERE {
  wd:Q214524 wdt:P276 ?location .
}
```

Let's run this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?location               |
| ----------------------- |
| Gettysburg (wd:Q694550) |

[Assistant]
The location where the Gettysburg Address was delivered is Gettysburg, which is represented by the entity `wd:Q694550`.

To provide a more complete answer, let's also include the label of the location in the result. We can do this by adding an optional clause to fetch the label.

Here is the updated SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q214524 wdt:P276 ?location .
  OPTIONAL { ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?locationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's run this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?location               | ?locationLabel |
| ----------------------- | -------------- |
| Gettysburg (wd:Q694550) | Gettysburg     |

[Assistant]
The Gettysburg Address was delivered in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The location is represented by the entity `wd:Q694550`.

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q214524 wdt:P276 ?location .
  OPTIONAL { ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?locationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Answer: The Gettysburg Address was delivered in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?occupation WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
}

Helen Flanagan is an English actress, film actor, and model.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what does helen flanagan do?

[Assistant] To answer the question about what Helen Flanagan does, we need to identify Helen Flanagan as an entity and then find out her occupation or profession. Let's start by searching for Helen Flanagan in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260): English actress, film actor, model, actor
2. Helen Anna Flanagan (wd:Q108477380): performance artist, visual artist, video artist, artist
3. Helen of Troy, also known as Helen, Helen of Argos, Helen of Sparta (wd:Q164061): daughter of Zeus in Greek mythology
4. Helen, also known as Helen, GA, Helen, Georgia (wd:Q1601823): city in White County, Georgia, United States
5. Helen, also known as Helen Khan, Helen Richardson Khan, Helen Jairag Richardson, Helen Ann Richardson Khan (wd:Q467223): Indian film actress and dancer of Anglo-Burmese descent, television actor, film actor, dancer
6. Flanagan, also known as Flanagan, Illinois (wd:Q1929330): human settlement in Illinois, United States of America
7. Helen, also known as Eur. Hel. (wd:Q1248812): ancient Greek tragedy by Euripides
8. Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu, also known as Helen bomber, Type 100 Heavy Bomber, Storm Dragon, Ki49, Ki-49 (wd:Q1393091): Japanese bomber aircraft
9. Helen, also known as Helen, West Virginia, Helen, WV (wd:Q511980): census designated place in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States
10. Helen, also known as Helen (first name), Helen (given name) (wd:Q13376892): female given name

[Assistant] From the search results, the most relevant entity for Helen Flanagan is the first one, which is identified as an English actress, film actor, and model. Let's confirm this by looking at the details of this entity.

[Tool]
Got 187 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                         |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | actor (wd:Q33999)                                                                     |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                  |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Helen (wd:Q13376892)                                                                  |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1990-08-07T00:00:00Z                                                                  |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helen%20Flanagan%20in%202014.png> |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                              |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Flanagan (wd:Q1258367)                                                                |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Bury (wd:Q47822)                                                                      |
| Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260) | educated at (wdt:P69)            | Westholme School (wd:Q7988898)                                                        |
| ...                          | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
Based on the information retrieved, Helen Flanagan is indeed an English actress, film actor, and model. Her primary occupation is listed as an actor.

Let's construct a SPARQL query to confirm this and provide the answer to the user.

```sparql
SELECT ?occupation
WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
  OPTIONAL { ?occupation rdfs:label ?occupationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occupationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query will return the occupations of Helen Flanagan, including their labels in English if available.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
failed to parse input: no matching token found from position 19: '\nWHERE { \n  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation . \n  OPTIONAL { ?occupation rdfs:label ?occupationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occupationLabel) = "en") } \n}'

[Assistant]
It seems there was an issue with the SPARQL query syntax. Let's try a simpler query to retrieve the occupations of Helen Flanagan without the optional label retrieval to ensure it works correctly.

```sparql
SELECT ?occupation
WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
}
```

This query will return the occupations of Helen Flanagan.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| ?occupation               |
| ------------------------- |
| film actor (wd:Q10800557) |
| actor (wd:Q33999)         |
| model (wd:Q4610556)       |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query has successfully returned the occupations of Helen Flanagan, which are film actor, actor, and model.

Now, let's provide the final answer to the user.

```sparql
SELECT ?occupation
WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
  OPTIONAL { ?occupation rdfs:label ?occupationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occupationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query will return the occupations of Helen Flanagan along with their labels in English if available.

However, since the previous query worked and provided the necessary information, we can finalize the answer now.

Helen Flanagan is an English actress, film actor, and model.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?property ?value ?valueLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?senator {
    wd:Q107054330 wd:Q1124 wd:Q113227667 wd:Q11613 wd:Q11806
  }
  ?senator ?property ?value .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?valueLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

The query returned a list of U.S. Senators. Now, we need to manually check the properties of these senators to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania. We can do this by listing the properties of each senator and looking for any indication of their association with Pennsylvania.

### Step 16: Check properties of U.S. Senators
We will list the properties of the first few senators to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania.

```sparql
SELECT ?property ?value ?valueLabel
WHERE {
  VALUES ?senator { wd:Q107054330 wd:Q1124 wd:Q113227667 wd:Q11613 wd:Q11806 }
  ?senator ?property ?value .
  OPTIONAL { ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel . FILTER(LANG(?valueLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 100
```

Let's execute this query to check the properties of the first few senators.

```json
{
  "name": "execute",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "sparql": "SELECT ?property ?value ?valueLabel WHERE { VALUES ?senator { wd:Q107054330 wd:Q1124 wd:Q113227667 wd:Q11613 wd:Q11806 } ?senator ?property ?value . OPTIONAL { ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel . FILTER(LANG(?valueLabel) = \"en\") } } LIMIT 100"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this query to check the properties of the first few senators.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who are the u s senators of pennsylvania?

[Assistant]
To find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania, we need to identify the relevant entities and properties in the knowledge graph. We'll start by searching for the entity representing Pennsylvania and then look for properties that indicate U.S. Senators.

### Step 1: Search for the entity representing Pennsylvania
Let's search for the entity representing Pennsylvania in the knowledge graph.

```json
{
  "name": "search_entity",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "query": "Pennsylvania"
  }
}
```

### Step 2: Identify the property for U.S. Senators
Once we have the entity for Pennsylvania, we need to find the property that indicates U.S. Senators. We can search for properties related to "U.S. Senator" or "Senator".

```json
{
  "name": "search_property",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "query": "U.S. Senator"
  }
}
```

### Step 3: Build the SPARQL query
After identifying the entity and property, we can build a SPARQL query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

Let's start with the first step.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pennsylvania, also known as PA, Pa., US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
2. Pennsylvania, also known as US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, Penna., Pa. (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
3. Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Colony of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Colony (wd:Q2475732): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
4. Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania, AL (wd:Q18392474): unincorporated community in Alabama
5. Pennsylvania (wd:Q3960056): state song of Pennsylvania, United States
6. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163626): suburb in Exeter, Devon, England, UK
7. Pennsylvania (wd:Q1777290): steamboat
8. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163634): album by Pere Ubu
9. Pennsylvania (wd:Q23863889): article in Otto's encyclopedia
10. Pennsylvania, also known as IMO 9486958 (wd:Q83651224): ship built in 2012

[Assistant]
The top result for "Pennsylvania" is `wd:Q1400`, which represents the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. We will use this entity in our query.

### Step 2: Search for the property for U.S. Senators
Now, let's search for the property that indicates U.S. Senators.

```json
{
  "name": "search_property",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "query": "U.S. Senator"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this search.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID, also known as Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate senator ID, Senate biography id, Sen id (wd:P11281 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): an entry in the Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate
2. Federation Council person ID, also known as council.gov.ru ID, russian senator ID (wd:P10047 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): ID of a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
3. Senate of Romania person ID (wd:P9523 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): identifier for a person on the senat.ro website
4. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): persons who hold and/or held the position
5. candidate, also known as candidate in this election, has election candidate, electoral candidate, election has candidate (wd:P726 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or party that is an option for an office in this election, participant
6. nominee, also known as award nominee (wd:P2453 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): qualifier used with “nominated for” to specify which person or organization was nominated
7. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
8. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner
9. Dutch Senate person ID, also known as DSP ID (wd:P1959 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): identifier for a person on the website of the Dutch Senate
10. candidacy in election, also known as ran in election, running in election, election candidacy, candidate in election, candidate in (wd:P3602 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): election where the subject is a candidate, participant in

[Assistant]
None of the top results for the property search directly mention "U.S. Senator." However, the property "position held" (`wd:P39`) is a general property that can be used to indicate various positions, including that of a U.S. Senator. Let's verify this by checking the usage of `wd:P39` with the entity for U.S. Senator.

### Step 3: Verify the property "position held" with U.S. Senator
We will list triples where the object is "U.S. Senator" to see if it is used with the property "position held."

```json
{
  "name": "list",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "property": "wdt:P39",
    "object": "wd:Q11696"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this verification.

[Tool]
Got 61 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property                | object                                     |
| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76)                | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Ronald Reagan (wd:Q9960)             | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Abraham Lincoln (wd:Q91)             | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| George W. Bush (wd:Q207)             | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Joe Biden (wd:Q6279)                 | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| George Washington (wd:Q23)           | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696)           | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt (wd:Q8007) | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Bill Clinton (wd:Q1124)              | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| Thomas Jefferson (wd:Q11812)         | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696) |
| ...                                  | ...                     | ...                                        |

[Assistant]
It seems that the property `wdt:P39` (position held) is used with the entity `wd:Q11696` (President of the United States), but not specifically with U.S. Senators. However, we can still use `wdt:P39` to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who held the position of U.S. Senator and are associated with Pennsylvania.

### Step 4: Build the SPARQL query
We will construct a SPARQL query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania. We will use the property `wdt:P39` to find people who held the position of U.S. Senator and the property `wdt:P1376` (governing body of) to link them to Pennsylvania.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  ?senator wdt:P1376 wd:Q1400 .
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's execute this query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query did not return any results. This might be because the property `wdt:P1376` (governing body of) is not the correct way to link U.S. Senators to Pennsylvania. Instead, we should use the property `wdt:P102` (member of political party) or `wdt:P361` (part of) to find the relationship between the senators and Pennsylvania.

### Step 5: Refine the SPARQL query
Let's try using `wdt:P361` (part of) to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  ?senator wdt:P361 wd:Q1400 .
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's execute this refined query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The refined query using `wdt:P361` (part of) also did not return any results. This suggests that the relationship between U.S. Senators and Pennsylvania might be represented differently in the knowledge graph.

### Step 6: Explore alternative relationships
Let's explore other properties that might link U.S. Senators to Pennsylvania. One possibility is the property `wdt:P19` (place of birth) or `wdt:P551` (place of residence). However, these properties might not be the most direct way to find current U.S. Senators.

Another approach is to look for a property that indicates the state a senator represents. We can search for properties related to "representing" or "state" to find a more appropriate property.

```json
{
  "name": "search_property",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "query": "representing state"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this search.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. symbol represents, also known as notation represents, representing, represents, symbol representing (wd:P9758 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): qualifier for "in defining formula" (P7235) which indicates the ...erator represented by a symbol in the "defining formula" (P2534)
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
4. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
5. represented by, also known as agent, managed by, manager, managing agent, rep (wd:P1875 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or agency that represents or manages the subject
6. office held by head of state, also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by (wd:P1906 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item
7. head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, monarch, president, queen (wd:P35 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state, director / manager, chairperson
8. official residence, also known as resides at, lives in, palace, presidential mansion, presidential palace (wd:P263 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the residence at which heads of government and other senior figures officially reside, residence
9. Wikidata item of this property, also known as associated item, Wikidata property subject item, Wikidata item for this property, subject of this property, subject of property (wd:P1629 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): item corresponding to the concept represented by the property
10. represents, also known as represents organisation, stands for, symbolises, symbolizes, team for (wd:P1268 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): organization, individual, or concept that an entity represents

[Assistant]
None of the top results for the property search directly mention "representing state." However, the property `wdt:P131` (located in the administrative territorial entity) might be useful to find the state a senator represents. Another property that might be relevant is `wdt:P102` (member of political party), but it doesn't directly indicate the state.

Given that we haven't found a direct property, we can try a different approach by looking for U.S. Senators and then filtering those who are associated with Pennsylvania through their place of residence or other relevant properties.

### Step 7: Use a more general approach
We will use the property `wdt:P39` to find U.S. Senators and then filter those who are associated with Pennsylvania through their place of residence or other relevant properties.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  ?senator wdt:P551 wd:Q1400 .
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query looks for U.S. Senators and filters those who have Pennsylvania as their place of residence.

Let's execute this query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query using `wdt:P551` (place of residence) also did not return any results. This suggests that the relationship between U.S. Senators and Pennsylvania might be represented differently in the knowledge graph.

### Step 8: Use a more comprehensive approach
Since the previous approaches did not yield results, we can try a more comprehensive approach by looking for U.S. Senators and then filtering those who are associated with Pennsylvania through any relevant property. We can use a combination of properties such as `wdt:P39` (position held), `wdt:P102` (member of political party), and `wdt:P131` (located in the administrative territorial entity).

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  {
    ?senator wdt:P131 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P102 ?party .
    ?party wdt:P131 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P551 wd:Q1400
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query looks for U.S. Senators and filters those who are associated with Pennsylvania through their administrative location, political party, or place of residence.

Let's execute this comprehensive query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The comprehensive query also did not return any results. This suggests that the relationship between U.S. Senators and Pennsylvania might be represented in a more specific or different way in the knowledge graph.

### Step 9: Use a more targeted approach
Given that the previous approaches did not yield results, we can try a more targeted approach by looking for U.S. Senators and then filtering those who are associated with Pennsylvania through a specific property that might be used to indicate the state they represent.

One possible property is `wdt:P1963` (constituency represented), which might be used to indicate the state or district a senator represents.

### Step 10: Search for the property "constituency represented"
Let's search for the property "constituency represented" to see if it is used in the knowledge graph.

```json
{
  "name": "search_property",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "query": "constituency represented"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this search.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)
2. associated electoral district, also known as associated constituency, located in the constituency, located in electoral district, constituency associated with place, electoral district associated with place (wd:P7938 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): constituencies/electoral districts in which a place is located o...inct from administrative entities (P131) in predefined countries
3. number of constituencies, also known as num_constituencies (wd:P4253 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): number of constituencies related to a legislative body
4. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
5. electoral district number, also known as district number (wd:P4565 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): number of the constituency/electoral district established by law...ch lack legal force, even if contained in a government database.
6. represented by, also known as agent, managed by, manager, managing agent, rep (wd:P1875 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or agency that represents or manages the subject
7. number of seats, also known as membership quantity, number of seats (members), quantity of members, seats (members) (wd:P1342 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): total number of seats/members in an assembly (legislative house or similar)
8. official number of town quarter, also known as Chak number, district number, region number, village number (wd:P5901 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): official number for the administrative division or section, region or part of a town
9. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner
10. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of

[Assistant]
The property `wdt:P768` (electoral district) seems to be the most relevant for indicating the constituency or state a senator represents. Let's use this property to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

### Step 11: Build the final SPARQL query
We will construct a SPARQL query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania using the property `wdt:P768`.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  ?senator wdt:P768 ?constituency .
  ?constituency wdt:P131 wd:Q1400 .
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query looks for U.S. Senators and filters those whose constituency is located in Pennsylvania.

Let's execute this final query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The final query using `wdt:P768` (electoral district) also did not return any results. This suggests that the relationship between U.S. Senators and Pennsylvania might be represented in a different or more complex way in the knowledge graph.

### Step 12: Use a more flexible approach
Given that the previous approaches did not yield results, we can try a more flexible approach by looking for U.S. Senators and then filtering those who are associated with Pennsylvania through any relevant property, including indirect relationships.

We can use a combination of properties and look for any indirect relationships that might link a senator to Pennsylvania.

### Step 13: Use a more flexible SPARQL query
We will construct a more flexible SPARQL query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania by looking for any indirect relationships.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  {
    ?senator wdt:P131 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P102 ?party .
    ?party wdt:P131 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P551 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P768 ?constituency .
    ?constituency wdt:P131 wd:Q1400
  } UNION {
    ?senator wdt:P19 wd:Q1400
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query looks for U.S. Senators and filters those who are associated with Pennsylvania through their administrative location, political party, place of residence, constituency, or place of birth.

Let's execute this more flexible query to find the U.S. Senators of Pennsylvania.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
Despite trying multiple approaches, the queries have not returned any results. This suggests that the relationship between U.S. Senators and Pennsylvania might not be directly represented in the knowledge graph in a straightforward manner.

### Step 14: Use a more advanced search
Given that the previous approaches did not yield results, we can try a more advanced search by looking for U.S. Senators and then manually checking their properties to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania.

### Step 15: List U.S. Senators and check their properties
We will list U.S. Senators and then manually check their properties to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania.

```sparql
SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel
WHERE {
  ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 .
  OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's execute this query to list U.S. Senators and then manually check their properties.

```json
{
  "name": "execute",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "sparql": "SELECT ?senator ?senatorLabel WHERE { ?senator wdt:P39 wd:Q11696 . OPTIONAL { ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?senatorLabel) = \"en\") } }"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this query to list U.S. Senators and then manually check their properties.

[Tool]
Got 61 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?senator                         | ?senatorLabel        |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Phil Baker (wd:Q107054330)       | Phil Baker           |
| Bill Clinton (wd:Q1124)          | Bill Clinton         |
| Quentin Trembley (wd:Q113227667) | Quentin Trembley     |
| Harry S. Truman (wd:Q11613)      | Harry S. Truman      |
| John Adams (wd:Q11806)           | John Adams           |
| ...                              | ...                  |
| Olivia Marsdin (wd:Q96181216)    | Olivia Marsdin       |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640)     | Lyndon B. Johnson    |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696)       | John F. Kennedy      |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower (wd:Q9916)  | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Ronald Reagan (wd:Q9960)         | Ronald Reagan        |

[Assistant]
The query returned a list of U.S. Senators. Now, we need to manually check the properties of these senators to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania. We can do this by listing the properties of each senator and looking for any indication of their association with Pennsylvania.

### Step 16: Check properties of U.S. Senators
We will list the properties of the first few senators to see if they are associated with Pennsylvania.

```sparql
SELECT ?property ?value ?valueLabel
WHERE {
  VALUES ?senator { wd:Q107054330 wd:Q1124 wd:Q113227667 wd:Q11613 wd:Q11806 }
  ?senator ?property ?value .
  OPTIONAL { ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel . FILTER(LANG(?valueLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 100
```

Let's execute this query to check the properties of the first few senators.

```json
{
  "name": "execute",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "wikidata",
    "sparql": "SELECT ?property ?value ?valueLabel WHERE { VALUES ?senator { wd:Q107054330 wd:Q1124 wd:Q113227667 wd:Q11613 wd:Q11806 } ?senator ?property ?value . OPTIONAL { ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel . FILTER(LANG(?valueLabel) = \"en\") } } LIMIT 100"
  }
}
```

Let's proceed with this query to check the properties of the first few senators.


PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ?movie ?character WHERE {
  VALUES ?movie {
    wd:Q181795 wd:Q181803
  }
  .
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q358345 .
  ?movie p:P161 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P161 wd:Q358345 ; pq:P453 ?character .
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| ?movie                                                      | ?character                   |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)     | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |

Billy Dee Williams played the character Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars franchise.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what character did billy d williams play in star wars?

[Assistant] To answer this question, we need to identify the character played by Billy Dee Williams in the Star Wars franchise. Let's start by searching for Billy Dee Williams in the knowledge graph to find his entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Billy Dee Williams, also known as William December Williams Jr., William December "Billy Dee" Williams Jr. (wd:Q358345): American actor (born 1937), recording artist, television actor, screenwriter, voice actor, film actor, novelist, painter, writer, singer, actor
2. Billy Dee Williams Self-Portrait (wd:Q47513010): painting by Billy Dee Williams
3. Bill Maynard, also known as Billy Williams (wd:Q3736724): English comedian and actor (1928–2018), association football player, stand-up comedian, television actor, stage actor, actor
4. Billy Williams (wd:Q123745): British cinematographer, camera operator, cinematographer, film actor, actor
5. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Leo Williams (wd:Q4913471): American former professional baseball outfielder, baseball player
6. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q3640062): American basketball player, basketball player
7. Billy Dee (wd:Q4912456): American pornographic actor, pornographic actor, actor
8. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q863272): African-American singer (1910-1972), singer
9. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Louis Williams (wd:Q18619122): American football player
10. Billy Williams, also known as William "Billy" Williams (wd:Q4913467): English footballer, born 1876, association football player

[Assistant] The correct entity for Billy Dee Williams is `wd:Q358345`. Now, let's find out the character he played in the Star Wars franchise. We will look for properties related to roles or characters played by actors.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
2. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
5. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
6. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
7. member of sports team, also known as plays for, played for, sport team, team, team played for (wd:P54 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): sports teams or clubs that the subject represents or represented, member of
8. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
9. characters, also known as appears in this work (wd:P674 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): characters which appear in this item (like plays, operas, operettas, books, comics, films, TV series, video games)
10. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer

[Assistant]
The property `wdt:P453` (character role) seems to be the most relevant for finding the character played by an actor. Let's use this property to find the character played by Billy Dee Williams in the Star Wars franchise.

We will also need to identify the Star Wars franchise or specific movies within it. Let's search for "Star Wars" to find the relevant entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Wars, also known as 1977 Star Wars (wd:Q462): epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas
2. Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope, also known as 1977 Star Wars, A New Hope, Star Wars, Star Wars: A New Hope, Star Wars: Episode IV (wd:Q17738): 1977 film directed by George Lucas
3. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars: The Arcade Game (wd:Q54317): 1983 video game
4. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), Star Wars soundtrack (wd:Q2715371): 1977 soundtrack album
5. Star Wars, also known as 1991 Star Wars, Game Boy Star Wars, NES Star Wars (wd:Q54320): 1991 video game
6. Star Wars (wd:Q30597407): 1977 composition by John Williams
7. Star Wars: Starfighter (wd:Q55225): 2001 video game
8. Star Wars, also known as 1987 Star Wars (wd:Q54319): 1987 video game
9. Star Wars (wd:Q20720789): album by Wilco
10. Star Wars (wd:Q3180475): Japanese manga series

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the Star Wars franchise is `wd:Q462`. Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to find the character played by Billy Dee Williams in the Star Wars franchise.

We will use the `wdt:P453` property to find the character role and link it to the Star Wars franchise.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the initial query did not return any results. This might be because the data structure is more complex or the properties are different. Let's try a different approach by looking at the specific movies in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams appeared.

We will first list the movies in the Star Wars franchise and then check if Billy Dee Williams was cast in any of them.

[Tool]
Got 17 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                         |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (wd:Q1192034)       |
| Star Wars: The Force Awakens (wd:Q23011443)                    |
| Star Wars: Tarkin (wd:Q24434687)                               |
| Star Wars: Heir to the Jedi (wd:Q24521135)                     |
| Star Wars: Lords of the Sith (wd:Q24521139)                    |
| ...                                                            |
| The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q3818036)                          |
| Star Wars Encyclopedia (wd:Q3968342)                           |
| Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (wd:Q4189809)       |
| Star Wars: Phasma (wd:Q46993317)                               |
| Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker (wd:Q6272668) |

[Assistant] We have a list of movies in the Star Wars franchise. Now, let's check which of these movies Billy Dee Williams appeared in and what character he played. We will use the `wdt:P161` property to find the movies where he was cast and then use `wdt:P453` to find the character role.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the direct approach using `wdt:P453` is not working. Let's try another method by checking the specific movies where Billy Dee Williams was cast and then finding the character role through the movie's cast information.

We will first find the movies where Billy Dee Williams was cast and then look for the character role in those movies.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the direct approach using `wdt:P161` to find the movies where Billy Dee Williams was cast is also not working. Let's try a more detailed approach by looking at the specific movies and their cast members, and then manually checking the character roles.

We will start by listing the movies in the Star Wars franchise and then check the cast of each movie to see if Billy Dee Williams is listed and what character he played.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the approach of directly querying the cast members of Star Wars movies is not yielding results. Let's take a different approach by manually identifying the specific movies where Billy Dee Williams is known to have appeared and then checking the character he played in those movies.

From general knowledge, Billy Dee Williams is known to have played Lando Calrissian in the Star Wars franchise. Let's verify this by checking the specific movies where he appeared and the character he played.

We will start by identifying the specific movies where Billy Dee Williams appeared and then check the character role in those movies.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that even the more detailed approach is not yielding results. Let's try a different strategy by directly searching for the character "Lando Calrissian" and then verifying if Billy Dee Williams played this character in the Star Wars franchise.

First, let's search for the entity "Lando Calrissian" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lando Calrissian, also known as Landonis Balthazar Calrissian III (wd:Q51799): fictional character in the Star Wars universe, businessperson, starship pilot, gambler, rebel
2. Lando Calrissian, also known as 1980 Lando Calrissian (wd:Q131785860): 1980 Star Wars miniature action figure
3. Lando Calrissian's father, also known as Lindo Calrissian (wd:Q117718181)
4. The Adventures of Lando Calrissian (wd:Q7712567): series of Star Wars novels
5. Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon (wd:Q6484849): novel by L. Neil Smith
6. Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu (wd:Q6484850): novel by L. Neil Smith
7. Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka (wd:Q16995885): Star Wars novel by L. Neil Smith
8. Lando, also known as Pope Lando (wd:Q104798): Pope from 913 to 914, Catholic priest
9. Landò (wd:Q2443775): human settlement in Malonno, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
10. Lando (wd:Q1803652): German-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Lando Calrissian is `wd:Q51799`. Now, let's verify if Billy Dee Williams played this character in the Star Wars franchise.

We will check if there is a statement linking Billy Dee Williams to the character Lando Calrissian in the context of the Star Wars franchise.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the direct approach to verify the character role is still not working. Let's try a more manual approach by listing the movies where Billy Dee Williams is known to have appeared and then checking the cast and character roles for those specific movies.

From general knowledge, Billy Dee Williams is known to have appeared in "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi." Let's identify these movies and check the cast and character roles for these specific movies.

First, let's find the entities for "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back, also known as Star Wars 5, The Empire Strikes Back, Star Wars V, Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back, Star Wars: Episode V The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795): 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner
2. The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q54325): 1982 video game
3. The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q3818036): 1980 science-fiction novel by Donald F. Glut
4. Oliver McCall vs. Frank Bruno, also known as The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q30595997): Boxing competition
5. The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q55261): 1980 pinball machine
6. The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q7731947): Country Teasers album
7. The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q3520735): album by Statik Selektah
8. The empire strikes back (wd:Q79337426): scientific article published on 01 November 2003
9. THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK (wd:Q125527576): journal article from 'Past and Present' published in 1995
10. The empire strikes back (wd:Q58500043)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "The Empire Strikes Back" is `wd:Q181795`. Now, let's find the entity for "Return of the Jedi."

I will search for "Return of the Jedi" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi, also known as Star Wars: Episode VI Return of the Jedi, Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803): 1983 film directed by Richard Marquand
2. Return of the Jedi, also known as Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (wd:Q4350761): soundtrack
3. Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, also known as Return of the Jedi (wd:Q54334): 1984 arcade video game
4. Return of the Jedi (wd:Q3795592): 1983 science-fiction novel by James Kahn
5. Return of the Return of the Jedi (wd:Q109579584): episode of TV series “LEGO Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures” Season Two
6. Super Star Wars: Return of the Jedi, also known as Super Return of the Jedi (wd:Q54335): 1994 video game
7. Classic Creatures: Return of the Jedi (wd:Q5128131): US television special
8. Return of the Jedi: The rewards of myth (wd:Q60844054)
9. Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle, also known as Star Wars: Return of the Jedi: Death Star Battle, Star Wars: Return of the Jedi - Death Star Battle (wd:Q54331): 1983 video game
10. The Last of the Jedi: Return of the Dark Side (wd:Q7746247): 2006 novel by Jude Watson

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "Return of the Jedi" is `wd:Q181803`. Now, let's check the cast and character roles for both "The Empire Strikes Back" (`wd:Q181795`) and "Return of the Jedi" (`wd:Q181803`) to verify if Billy Dee Williams played Lando Calrissian in these movies.

We will use the `wdt:P161` property to find the cast members and the `pq:P453` property to find the character role for Billy Dee Williams in these specific movies.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| ?movie                                                      | ?character                   |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)     | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query has successfully returned the results. Billy Dee Williams played the character Lando Calrissian in both "The Empire Strikes Back" and "Return of the Jedi."

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?character WHERE {
  VALUES ?movie { wd:Q181795 wd:Q181803 } .
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q358345 .
  ?movie p:P161 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P161 wd:Q358345 ;
             pq:P453 ?character .
}
```

Answer: Billy Dee Williams played the character **Lando Calrissian** in the Star Wars franchise.

[Tool] Stopped generation process