PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language
}

Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) |

The languages spoken by Maltese people are English and Maltese.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do maltese speak?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the language spoken by Maltese people, we need to identify the entity representing Malta and the property that indicates the official or spoken languages of a country.

### Step 1: Identify the entity for Malta
Let's start by searching for the entity representing Malta.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Malta, also known as Republic of Malta, MT, MLT (wd:Q233): sovereign state in Southern Europe situated on an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea
2. Malta (wd:Q193896): island of Malta
3. Malta, also known as Malta, Montana, Malta, MT (wd:Q963370): city in and county seat of Phillips County, Montana, United States
4. Malta, also known as Malta, Idaho, Malta, ID (wd:Q993877): city in Cassia County, Idaho, United States
5. Malta (wd:Q340115): municipality in Spittal an der Drau District, Carinthia, Austria
6. Malta, also known as Malta, OH (wd:Q2666766): village in Morgan County, Ohio, United States
7. Malta, also known as Malta, IL (wd:Q2672411): village in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States
8. Malta, also known as Santa Rita do Malta (wd:Q2329682): municipality in Paraíba, Brazil
9. Malta, also known as Malta, New York, Malta, NY (wd:Q3708930): town in Saratoga County, New York, United States
10. Malta, also known as Nova (wd:Q1632080): Swedish duo

[Assistant]
The top result for "Malta" is `wd:Q233`, which represents the Republic of Malta. This is the entity we need to use to find the languages spoken in Malta.

### Step 2: Identify the property for spoken languages
Next, we need to find the property that indicates the languages spoken in a country. Let's search for properties related to "language" or "spoken language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
2. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
3. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
4. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language designated as official by this item, language used
5. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
6. language style, also known as manner, term register, obsolete, register, sense register (wd:P6191 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
7. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
8. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
9. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
10. variety of lexeme, form or sense, also known as dialect, used in dialect, variety of form (wd:P7481 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): dialect, graphic or phonetic variety that this lexeme, form or sense is used in

[Assistant]
The property `wd:P37` (official language) seems to be the most relevant for our purpose, as it indicates the official language(s) of a country. We can use this property to find the languages spoken in Malta.

### Step 3: Construct the SPARQL query
Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to find the official languages of Malta.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query returned the official languages of Malta, which are English (`wd:Q1860`) and Maltese (`wd:Q9166`).

### Final Answer
The languages spoken by Maltese people are English and Maltese.

Let's provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?derivation ?derivationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?derivation .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?derivation rdfs:label ?derivationLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?derivationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?derivation                   | ?derivationLabel  |
| ----------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) | Phoenician script |

The Greek alphabet is derived from the Phoenician script.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the greek alphabet come from?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the origin of the Greek alphabet, we need to identify the relevant entities and properties in the knowledge graph. Let's start by searching for the entity "Greek alphabet" and then look for properties related to its origin or derivation.

First, I'll search for the entity "Greek alphabet."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Greek alphabet, also known as Greek script, Greek (wd:Q8216): script used to write the Greek language
2. history of the Greek alphabet, also known as Greek alphabet history, the Greek alphabet history (wd:Q2627294): aspect of history
3. Greek Albanian alphabet (wd:Q3305475): Greek alphabet adapted for writing the Albanian language
4. Greek spelling alphabet (wd:Q17003959): spelling alphabet for Greek letters
5. extended greek alphabet (wd:Q3237041)
6. ancient Greek alphabet, also known as archaic Greek alphabet (wd:Q3611036): writing system
7. archaic Greek alphabets (wd:Q2839562): Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
8. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814193): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger (YCBA B1977.14.581)
9. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814190): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger
10. Ancient Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106812515): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger

[Assistant]
The top result for "Greek alphabet" is `wd:Q8216`. Now, I will look for properties related to the origin or derivation of the Greek alphabet. I will search for properties like "derived from" or "origin."

Let's search for these properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. natural product of taxon, also known as produced by taxon, product of taxon, made from, fruit of (taxon), derived from (wd:P1582 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): links a natural product with its source (animal, plant, fungal, algal, etc.)
2. derived from lexeme, also known as derived from, etymology, history of a word, loaned from, origin of a word (wd:P5191 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): most direct lexeme(s) this one has developed from
3. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
4. object sense, also known as sense derivation, derived from sense (wd:P5980 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): (qualifier) statement applies only to listed senses of statement's object
5. semantic derivation of, also known as derived from sense, sense derived from sense (wd:P12410 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): links a lexeme sense to a particular sense it is derived from
6. object form, also known as from form, derived from form, combined form, compound form (wd:P5548 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): (qualifier) statement applies only to listed forms of statement's object
7. derivative work, also known as is source work of, is adapted as, is the basis for, iteration, reboot (wd:P4969 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): new work of art (film, book, software, etc.) derived from major part of this work
8. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
9. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
10. develops from, also known as antecedent anatomical structure, developed from, evolved from, evolves from (wd:P3094 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): this class of items develops from another class of items (biology)

[Assistant]
The property "derived from" (`wd:P144`) seems to be the most relevant for our purpose. Now, I will construct a simple SPARQL query to find out what the Greek alphabet (`wd:Q8216`) is derived from.

Let's execute this query:

```sparql
SELECT ?derivation WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?derivation .
}
```

This query will return the entity from which the Greek alphabet is derived.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?derivation                   |
| ----------------------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) |

[Assistant]
The query returned that the Greek alphabet is derived from the Phoenician script (`wd:Q26752`). To provide a more complete answer, I will also include the label of the Phoenician script in the query.

Let's update the query to include the label:

```sparql
SELECT ?derivation ?derivationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?derivation .
  OPTIONAL { ?derivation rdfs:label ?derivationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?derivationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query will return both the IRI and the English label of the entity from which the Greek alphabet is derived.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?derivation                   | ?derivationLabel  |
| ----------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) | Phoenician script |

[Assistant]
The query confirms that the Greek alphabet is derived from the Phoenician script.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question:

```sparql
SELECT ?derivation ?derivationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?derivation .
  OPTIONAL { ?derivation rdfs:label ?derivationLabel . FILTER(LANG(?derivationLabel) = "en") }
}
```

The Greek alphabet is derived from the Phoenician script.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?movie WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q6107 .
}

Got 13 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

The movies Tupac Shakur starred in include: Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw, Poetic Justice, Straight Outta Compton, Above the Rim, Biggie & Tupac, Juice, Tupac: Resurrection, Tupac: Assassination, Bullet, and Gridlock'd.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies did tupac star in?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the movies Tupac starred in, we need to identify the entity for Tupac and then find the movies he was involved in as an actor. Let's start by searching for the entity representing Tupac in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet
2. Tupaç (wd:Q13207507): human settlement in Minzälä District, Tatarstan
3. Tupac (wd:Q56694162): given name
4. tupać (wd:Q109124857): entry of Polish etymological dictionary
5. Tupac (wd:Q19694412): Argentine supercomputer
6. Tupac (wd:Q131322757)
7. Túpac, also known as Túpac (family name), Túpac (surname) (wd:Q110874391): family name
8. Tupac (wd:Q37768448)
9. Tupac (wd:Q91876227): 2019 audio track by DaBaby
10. Tupac, also known as "They Got Money for War but Can't Feed the Poor" (wd:Q115681771): Painted electrical in Roxbury, Massachusetts

[Assistant]
The top result for "Tupac" is Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107), which is the correct entity for the rapper and actor. Next, we need to find the movies he starred in. We will look for properties related to acting or film roles to help us construct the SPARQL query.

Let's search for properties related to "film" or "actor" to find the appropriate property for identifying the movies Tupac starred in.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
2. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
3. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
4. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
5. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
6. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
7. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
8. IAFD male performer ID, also known as IAFD actor (wd:P4505 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): identifier for a male-born performer in the Internet Adult Film Database
9. class of agent(s) of action, also known as agent class of action, done by agent(s) of class, class of doer(s), agent selectional restriction, agent selectional preference (wd:P12994 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): class of items that may initiate this action or class of actions
10. Film.ru person ID, also known as Film.ru actor ID, Film.ru person identifier, Film.ru actor identifier, Film.ru director ID (wd:P10302 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): identifier for people in the Russian film database on film.ru

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wd:P161) seems to be the most relevant for identifying the movies Tupac starred in. This property indicates the actors in a film or production. We will use this property to construct our SPARQL query.

Let's execute a SPARQL query to find the movies in which Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) starred.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query did not return any results, which suggests that the property `wdt:P161` might not be the correct one for this specific case. Let's try another property that might be more appropriate, such as "performer" (wd:P175), which can also indicate the actors in a film or production.

Let's execute a SPARQL query using the property "performer" (wd:P175).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query using the property "performer" (wd:P175) also did not return any results. This suggests that the data might be structured differently or that the property we are looking for is something else.

Let's try another approach by using the property "filmography" (wd:P1283), which lists the films a person has contributed to. This property might include the movies Tupac starred in.

Let's execute a SPARQL query using the property "filmography" (wd:P1283).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query using the property "filmography" (wd:P1283) also did not return any results. This suggests that the data might be structured differently or that the property we are looking for is not directly linked to Tupac Shakur's entity.

Let's try a different approach by looking for the movies directly and then checking if Tupac Shakur is listed as an actor in those movies. We can use the property "cast member" (wd:P161) on the movie entities to see if Tupac is listed as an actor.

First, let's search for movies where Tupac Shakur is listed as a cast member.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

[Assistant]
The query using the property "cast member" (wd:P161) on the movie entities successfully returned the movies in which Tupac Shakur starred. Here are the movies:

1. Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796)
2. Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)
3. Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)
4. Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)
5. Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)
6. Juice (wd:Q642419)
7. Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)
8. Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)
9. Bullet (wd:Q911823)
10. Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)

We can now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                          | ?movieLabel                                     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)                                        | Fast Food                                       |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)                                         | Copshop                                         |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)                                           | Plane                                           |
| What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546) | What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete |
| Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)         | Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball         |
| ...                                                             | ...                                             |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)                                     | The Ugly Truth                                  |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)                                      | Reign of Fire                                   |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                                              | Gamer                                           |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)                                | Law Abiding Citizen                             |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)                               | Butterfly on a Wheel                            |

Gerard Butler has been in the following movies: Fast Food, Copshop, Plane, What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete, Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball, The Ugly Truth, Reign of Fire, Gamer, Law Abiding Citizen, Butterfly on a Wheel, and many others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies gerard butler has been in?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the movies Gerard Butler has been in, we need to identify the entity for Gerard Butler and then find the movies he has acted in. Let's start by searching for Gerard Butler in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gerard Butler, also known as Gerard James Butler (wd:Q169982): Scottish actor and film producer (born 1969), television actor, film producer, stage actor, film actor, lawyer, actor
2. Gerard A Butler (wd:Q11309355): horse trainer
3. Locky Butler, also known as Lochlann Gerard Butler (wd:Q125534277): Irish rugby union player, rugby union player
4. Gerard Butler/Shakira, also known as Saturday Night Live S35E4, Saturday Night Live, season 35 episode 4 (wd:Q110037076): episode of Saturday Night Live (S35 E4)
5. Michael Gerard Butler (wd:Q102340012): Ph.D. University of Michigan 1993
6. Butler, Edward Gerard (DNB00) (wd:Q19095193): entry in Dictionary of National Biography
7. James Robert Gerard Butler (wd:Q112436568): university teacher, economist
8. Gerard 't Hooft, also known as G. Hooft, Gerardus 't Hooft, Gerardus, G.W. 't Hooft, Hooft (wd:Q184592): Dutch theoretical physicist, theoretical physicist, university teacher, non-fiction writer, physicist, pedagogue, professor
9. Butler, also known as Butler, PA, Butler, Pennsylvania (wd:Q1017948): city and the county seat of Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States
10. Butler, also known as Butler, MO, Butler, Missouri (wd:Q955151): city in Missouri, United States

[Assistant]
The top result for Gerard Butler is the Scottish actor and film producer (wd:Q169982). Now, let's find the movies he has been in. We need to look for the property that indicates the movies an actor has appeared in. A common property for this is "cast member of" (P161).

Let's list some examples of how the "cast member of" property is used to ensure it's the correct one.

[Tool]
Got more than 131,072 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                 | property               | object                           |
| --------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Celebrity (wd:Q1052826)                 | cast member (wdt:P161) | Donald Trump (wd:Q22686)         |
| Billie Jean (wd:Q101077837)             | cast member (wdt:P161) | Michael Jackson (wd:Q2831)       |
| wd:Q104896367                           | cast member (wdt:P161) | Adolf Hitler (wd:Q352)           |
| The Bleeding Edge (wd:Q106336121)       | cast member (wdt:P161) | Ronald Reagan (wd:Q9960)         |
| wd:Q104894545                           | cast member (wdt:P161) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)         |
| 8 hlav šílenství (wd:Q10357564)         | cast member (wdt:P161) | Joseph Stalin (wd:Q855)          |
| Cocteau et compagnie (wd:Q105906244)    | cast member (wdt:P161) | Pablo Picasso (wd:Q5593)         |
| Unknown Chaplin (wd:Q1088949)           | cast member (wdt:P161) | Winston Churchill (wd:Q8016)     |
| Die Filmstadt Hollywood (wd:Q100104941) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Charlie Chaplin (wd:Q882)        |
| wd:Q104898033                           | cast member (wdt:P161) | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (wd:Q5152) |
| ...                                     | ...                    | ...                              |

[Assistant]
The property "cast member of" (P161) seems to be the correct one for finding the movies an actor has appeared in. Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to find the movies Gerard Butler has been in.

We will use the entity `wd:Q169982` for Gerard Butler and the property `wdt:P161` to find the movies he has acted in.

Let's execute the SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie WHERE {
  wd:Q169982 wdt:P161 ?movie .
}
```

This query will return the IRIs of the movies Gerard Butler has been in.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query did not return any results, which suggests that the property `wdt:P161` might not be the correct one for finding the movies Gerard Butler has been in. Let's try another property, such as "filmed in" (P402) or "main subject" (P921), which might be used to indicate the movies an actor has appeared in.

Let's search for properties related to "acted in" to see if there are other relevant properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. class of object(s) of occurrence, also known as may happen to, may occur to items of the class, object class of action, object class of occurrence, of (wd:P12913 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): class that includes the object(s) to which this occurrence (or class of occurrence) occurs or occurred
4. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
5. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
6. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
7. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
8. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
9. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
10. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense

[Assistant]
From the search results, the property "cast member" (P161) is the most relevant for finding the movies an actor has appeared in. However, since our initial query did not return any results, let's try using the property "performer" (P175) as an alternative.

Let's construct a new SPARQL query using the property `wdt:P175` to find the movies Gerard Butler has been in:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie WHERE {
  wd:Q169982 wdt:P175 ?movie .
}
```

This query will return the IRIs of the movies Gerard Butler has performed in.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the property `wdt:P175` also did not return any results. This suggests that neither `wdt:P161` nor `wdt:P175` is the correct property for finding the movies Gerard Butler has been in.

Let's try another approach. We can use the property "cast member" (P161) but reverse the direction of the query to find the movies where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member. This means we will look for movies where Gerard Butler is mentioned as a cast member.

Let's construct the SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
}
```

This query will return the IRIs of the movies where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member.

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                          |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)                                        |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)                                         |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)                                           |
| What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546) |
| Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)         |
| ...                                                             |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)                                     |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)                                      |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                                              |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)                                |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)                               |

[Assistant]
The query has returned a list of movies where Gerard Butler is listed as a cast member. Here are the IRIs of the movies:

1. Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)
2. Copshop (wd:Q103822078)
3. Plane (wd:Q108131599)
4. What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546)
5. Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)
...
51. The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)
52. Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)
53. Gamer (wd:Q947885)
54. Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)
55. Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)

To provide a more user-friendly response, we can also include the labels of these movies. Let's modify the query to include the labels of the movies:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel . FILTER(LANG(?movieLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query will return both the IRIs and the English labels of the movies Gerard Butler has been in.

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?movie                                                          | ?movieLabel                                     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)                                        | Fast Food                                       |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)                                         | Copshop                                         |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)                                           | Plane                                           |
| What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete (wd:Q110059546) | What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete |
| Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball (wd:Q110059557)         | Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball         |
| ...                                                             | ...                                             |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)                                     | The Ugly Truth                                  |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)                                      | Reign of Fire                                   |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                                              | Gamer                                           |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)                                | Law Abiding Citizen                             |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489)                               | Butterfly on a Wheel                            |

[Assistant]
The query has successfully returned both the IRIs and the English labels of the movies Gerard Butler has been in. Here are the results:

1. **Fast Food** (wd:Q10280250)
2. **Copshop** (wd:Q103822078)
3. **Plane** (wd:Q108131599)
4. **What Up With That?: James Franco and White Pete** (wd:Q110059546)
5. **Game Time with Randy and Greg: Baseball** (wd:Q110059557)
...
51. **The Ugly Truth** (wd:Q922630)
52. **Reign of Fire** (wd:Q925384)
53. **Gamer** (wd:Q947885)
54. **Law Abiding Citizen** (wd:Q951071)
55. **Butterfly on a Wheel** (wd:Q967489)

These are the movies in which Gerard Butler has appeared.

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

```sparql
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel . FILTER(LANG(?movieLabel) = "en") }
}
```

The answer to the question "What movies has Gerard Butler been in?" is the list of movies provided above.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  VALUES ?property {
    wdt:P37 wdt:P2936
  }
  wd:Q145 ?property ?language .
}

Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   |
| --------------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         |
| ...                         |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  |

The query returned a more comprehensive list of languages used in the United Kingdom, including:

- Polari (wd:Q1359130)
- Scots (wd:Q14549)
- English (wd:Q1860)
- Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)
- Cornish (wd:Q25289)
- Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671)
- Angloromani (wd:Q541279)
- Irish (wd:Q9142)
- Welsh (wd:Q9309)
- Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)

These are the major languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

Now, I will provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  VALUES ?property { wdt:P37 wdt:P2936 }
  wd:Q145 ?property ?language .
}
```

The major languages spoken in the United Kingdom are:
- Polari
- Scots
- English
- Welsh Romani
- Cornish
- Scottish Cant
- Angloromani
- Irish
- Welsh
- Scottish Gaelic

Here is the final answer:

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the major languages spoken in the united kingdom?

[Assistant] To find the major languages spoken in the United Kingdom, we need to identify the entity for the United Kingdom and then look for properties related to languages spoken in that country. Let's start by searching for the entity representing the United Kingdom.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Kingdom, also known as U.K., UK, U. K., U K, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
2. United Kingdom, also known as U K, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The UK, U. K., Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
3. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as Great Britain and Ireland, UK, UKGBI, United Kingdom (wd:Q174193): historical sovereign state (1801–1922)
4. A United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q21528200): 2016 film by Amma Asante
5. United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q974636)
6. United Kingdom (wd:Q108280869): 1989 studio album by American Music Club
7. Pedlars Act 1871, also known as Pedlars Act 1881, United Kingdom, (wd:Q55629342): 1871 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Act of Parliament 34 & 35 Vic c. 96
8. United Kingdom (wd:Q110577800): Manny Montes's single
9. United Kingdom (wd:Q7887906): album by Manny Montes
10. United Kingdom (wd:Q96412324)

[Assistant] The top result for the United Kingdom is `wd:Q145`. Now, let's search for properties related to languages spoken in a country to find out which property we should use to query the languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
2. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language designated as official by this item, language used
3. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
4. number of speakers, writers, or signers, also known as signers of a language, speakers of language, writers of a language (wd:P1098 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): number of people who use a language
5. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
6. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
7. language style, also known as manner, term register, obsolete, register, sense register (wd:P6191 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
8. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
9. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
10. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale

[Assistant]
The property `wd:P37` (official language) seems to be the most relevant for finding the languages spoken in the United Kingdom. Let's use this property to query the languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q145 wdt:P37 ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?language          |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |

[Assistant]
The query returned only one language, English, as the official language of the United Kingdom. However, it is known that there are other major languages spoken in the United Kingdom, such as Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, and others.

To get a more comprehensive list, we should also consider the property `wd:P2936` (language used), which might include more languages that are widely used in the United Kingdom.

Let's modify the query to include both `wd:P37` (official language) and `wd:P2936` (language used).

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  VALUES ?property { wdt:P37 wdt:P2936 }
  wd:Q145 ?property ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this updated query.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?language                   |
| --------------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         |
| ...                         |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  |

[Assistant]
The query returned a more comprehensive list of languages used in the United Kingdom, including:

- Polari (wd:Q1359130)
- Scots (wd:Q14549)
- English (wd:Q1860)
- Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)
- Cornish (wd:Q25289)
- Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671)
- Angloromani (wd:Q541279)
- Irish (wd:Q9142)
- Welsh (wd:Q9309)
- Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)

These are the major languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

Now, I will provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  VALUES ?property { wdt:P37 wdt:P2936 }
  wd:Q145 ?property ?language .
}
```

The major languages spoken in the United Kingdom are:
- Polari
- Scots
- English
- Welsh Romani
- Cornish
- Scottish Cant
- Angloromani
- Irish
- Welsh
- Scottish Gaelic

Here is the final answer:


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?causeOfDeath WHERE {
  wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?causeOfDeath .
}

Eva Perón died from cervix uterine cancer.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of cancer did eva peron die from?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the type of cancer Eva Perón died from, we need to identify the entity for Eva Perón and then find the specific property that indicates the cause of death, which should be cancer.

First, let's search for the entity for Eva Perón.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Eva Perón, also known as Evita Perón, Maria Eva Duarte de Peron, Evita, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Maria Eva Duarte Peron (wd:Q40933): Argentine actress and politician (1919–1952), women's rights activist, trade unionist, stage actor, suffragist, politician, film actor
2. Eva Perón: The True Story, also known as Eva Peron, Eva Perón (wd:Q953441): 1996 film by Juan Carlos Desanzo
3. Fray Luis Beltrán, also known as Eva Perón, Eva Perón tanker, Fray Luis Beltrán tanker (wd:Q113059537): tanker
4. Eva Perón (wd:Q113030601): tanker
5. Hospital Lagomarsino, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q5902632): hospital in Merlo, Buenos Aires
6. Uruguay, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q113330807): 1951 passenger ship
7. Eva Perón (wd:Q47512378): painting by Boris Chaliapin
8. Estadio Eva Perón, also known as Estadio Eva Peron (wd:Q5400194): football stadium in Junín, Argentina
9. Puerto Eva Perón (wd:Q972928): ciudad en la provincia de Chaco, Argentina
10. Eva Perón Foundation (wd:Q2004004): former Argentine foundation

[Assistant] The top result for Eva Perón is the correct entity (wd:Q40933). Now, let's find the property that indicates the cause of death. We can search for properties related to "cause of death" to find the appropriate property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
2. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
3. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
5. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
6. case fatality rate, also known as fatality rate, CFR, case fatality ratio, case fatality, case fatality risk (wd:P3457 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): proportion of patients who die of a particular medical condition out of all who have this condition within a given time frame
7. death rate, also known as mortality rate (wd:P10091 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the total number of persons dead per 1,000 population per year
8. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person
9. has effect, also known as has symptom, implies, leads to, led to, outcome (wd:P1542 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): effect of this item, followed by
10. category for deaths in this time period (wd:P12687 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): category item for people who died in this time period, point in time

[Assistant]
The property "cause of death" (wd:P509) is the most relevant for our query. Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to find the cause of death for Eva Perón (wd:Q40933).

We will start with a simple query to retrieve the cause of death and then check the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?causeOfDeath                      |
| ---------------------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query returned the cause of death for Eva Perón, which is "cervix uterine cancer" (wd:Q160105).

Now, let's provide the final answer to the user.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P37 ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| ?language                      | ?languageLabel     |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------ |
| Auslan (wd:Q29525)             | Auslan             |
| Australian English (wd:Q44679) | Australian English |

People in Australia speak Auslan and Australian English.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what do people in australia speak?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about what languages people in Australia speak, we need to identify the relevant entities and properties in the knowledge graph. We will start by searching for the entity representing Australia and then look for properties related to languages spoken in a country.

First, let's search for the entity representing Australia.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Australia, also known as AU, The Commonwealth of Australia, Stria, Straya, Stralia (wd:Q408): country in Oceania
2. Australian continent, also known as New Holland, Sahul, Nova Hollandia, Meganesia, Australinea (wd:Q3960): continent in the Earth's Southern Hemisphere
3. Australia (wd:Q275180): 2008 film by Baz Luhrmann
4. Australia (wd:Q205546): 1989 film by Jean-Jacques Andrien
5. Australia (wd:Q4823546): 1996 single by Manic Street Preachers
6. Australia (wd:Q781244): board game
7. Australia (wd:Q16835533): Racehorse
8. Australia, also known as Australia (KA–5) (wd:Q4823541): yacht that raced in the Americas Cup
9. Australia (wd:Q4823543): 2000 album by Howie Day
10. Australia (wd:Q25907685): albedo feature on the planet Mercury

[Assistant]
The top result for "Australia" is the country in Oceania, which is the entity we are looking for. Its IRI is `wd:Q408`.

Next, we need to find properties related to languages spoken in a country. Let's search for properties related to "language" or "spoken language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
2. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
3. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
4. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language designated as official by this item, language used
5. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
6. language style, also known as manner, term register, obsolete, register, sense register (wd:P6191 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
7. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
8. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
9. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
10. variety of lexeme, form or sense, also known as dialect, used in dialect, variety of form (wd:P7481 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): dialect, graphic or phonetic variety that this lexeme, form or sense is used in

[Assistant]
From the search results, the property "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412) seems to be the most relevant for our purpose. This property indicates the languages that a person or a people speaks, writes, or signs, including the native language(s).

Let's use this property to find the languages spoken in Australia. We will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the languages spoken in Australia.

Here is the initial SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P1412 ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the property `wdt:P1412` (languages spoken, written or signed) did not return any results for Australia. This might be because the property is more commonly used for individuals rather than countries.

Let's try another property, `wdt:P37` (official language), which indicates the official language(s) of a country. This property might provide the information we need.

Here is the updated SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P37 ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| ?language                      |
| ------------------------------ |
| Auslan (wd:Q29525)             |
| Australian English (wd:Q44679) |

[Assistant]
The query returned two languages spoken in Australia:

1. Auslan (wd:Q29525)
2. Australian English (wd:Q44679)

These are the official languages or widely used languages in Australia according to the data in Wikidata.

To provide a more complete answer, we can also include the labels of these languages. Let's modify the query to include the labels of the languages.

Here is the updated SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P37 ?language .
  OPTIONAL { ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel . FILTER(LANG(?languageLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| ?language                      | ?languageLabel     |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------ |
| Auslan (wd:Q29525)             | Auslan             |
| Australian English (wd:Q44679) | Australian English |

[Assistant]
The query returned the following languages spoken in Australia along with their labels:

1. **Auslan** (wd:Q29525)
2. **Australian English** (wd:Q44679)

These are the official or widely used languages in Australia according to the data in Wikidata.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question:

```sparql
SELECT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P37 ?language .
  OPTIONAL { ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel . FILTER(LANG(?languageLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Answer: People in Australia speak **Auslan** and **Australian English**.

Now, let's finalize the answer using the `answer` function.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q38 wdt:P38 ?currency .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The currency used in Italy is the Euro.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is money called in italy?

[Assistant] To answer the question "What is money called in Italy?", we need to identify the currency used in Italy. Let's start by searching for the entity representing Italy and then look for the property that indicates the currency used in a country.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Italy, also known as Italia, Republic of Italy, Repubblica Italiana, Italian Republic, ITA (wd:Q38): country in Southern Europe
2. Italian Peninsula, also known as Apennine Peninsula, Italic Peninsula, Italy, lo Stivale, península Itálica (wd:Q145694): peninsula of southern Europe
3. Kingdom of Italy, also known as IT, Italy, Regno d’Italia (wd:Q172579): kingdom in Southern Europe from 1861 to 1946
4. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italy, Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, Regno d'Italia, Royaume d’Italie, Italian Kingdom (wd:Q223936): kingdom in southern Europe between 1805 and 1814
5. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italian Kingdom, Italy, Regnum Italiae, Regnum Italicorum, Regnum Italicum (wd:Q838931): (817–1014) constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire
6. Italy, also known as Italy, Texas, Italy, TX (wd:Q977238): town in Ellis County, Texas, United States
7. Italy, also known as Italy, NY (wd:Q3708720): town in New York
8. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italy, Regnum Italicum, Regno d'Italia, Italian Kingdom (wd:Q5343710): kingdom in Southern Europe between 781 and 962
9. Pessione, also known as Italy (wd:Q2028109): human settlement in Chieri, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy
10. Archivio di Stato di Parma, also known as archiviodistatoparma.beniculturali.it, Italy, Parma State Archive, Parma State Archives, State Archive of Parma (wd:Q3621658): archives in Italy

[Assistant] The top result for "Italy" is the country in Southern Europe, which is represented by the entity `wd:Q38`. Next, we need to find the property that indicates the currency used in a country. Let's search for properties related to "currency".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as prv/pq/pqn/ps/psn/psv/wdt/pr/wdtn/prn/pqv/p): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Assistant]
The top result for the property "currency" is `wd:P38`, which indicates the currency used by a country. Now, let's use this property to find the currency used in Italy.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the currency used in Italy.

```sparql
SELECT ?currency WHERE {
  wd:Q38 wdt:P38 ?currency .
}
```

Let's run this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?currency       |
| --------------- |
| Euro (wd:Q4916) |

[Assistant]
The currency used in Italy is the Euro, represented by the entity `wd:Q4916`.

To provide a more complete answer, we can also include the label of the currency. Let's modify the query to include the label of the currency.

```sparql
SELECT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q38 wdt:P38 ?currency .
  OPTIONAL { ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel . FILTER(LANG(?currencyLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let's run this updated query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?currency       | ?currencyLabel |
| --------------- | -------------- |
| Euro (wd:Q4916) | Euro           |

[Assistant]
The currency used in Italy is the Euro, represented by the entity `wd:Q4916`.

Now, we can provide the final answer to the user's question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process