PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel ?adminEntity ?adminEntityLabel ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q12800833 wdt:P276 ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?locationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location wdt:P131 ?adminEntity .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?adminEntity rdfs:label ?adminEntityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?adminEntityLabel ) = "en" )
    }
    OPTIONAL {
      ?adminEntity wdt:P17 ?country .
      OPTIONAL {
        ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
      }
    }
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 6 columns:
| location           | locationLabel | adminEntity                | adminEntityLabel      | country          | countryLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- | -------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------- | ------------ |
| Haren (wd:Q672888) | Haren (en)    | Haren (wd:Q111625631)      | Haren (en)            | Belgium (wd:Q31) | Belgium (en) |
| Haren (wd:Q672888) | Haren (en)    | City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | City of Brussels (en) | Belgium (wd:Q31) | Belgium (en) |

The NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833) is located in Haren, which is part of an administrative territorial entity, and that entity is located in a country. Specifically, the location is Haren, the administrative territorial entity is retrieved dynamically, and the country is Belgium. This provides a consistent and accurate hierarchy of the NATO Headquarters location.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where are the nato headquarters located?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what state did roger sherman represent at the constitutional convention?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q405475 p:P710 ?p .
  ?p ps:P710 wd:Q354721 ; pq:P768 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roger Sherman (wd:Q354721): early American lawyer and politician, Founding Father of the United States (1721-1793), statesperson, politician, diplomat, lawyer, judge
Constitutional Convention, also known as Federal Convention, Grand Convention at Philadelphia, Philadelphia Convention (wd:Q405475): event taking place from May 25 to September 17, 1787 in Philadel...ania, that led to the creation of the United States Constitution

Using properties:
participant, also known as suspect, player, party, participants, has participant (wd:P710 as p/ps): person, group of people or organization (object) that actively t...ct has role" (P3831). Use P1923 for participants that are teams., significant person
electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as pq): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)

Example 2:
Question:
what is the syracuse university mascot?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q617433 wdt:P822 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Syracuse University, also known as Cuse, 'Cuse, University of Syracuse, syr.edu, Syracuse.edu (wd:Q617433): private university in Syracuse, New York, United States

Using properties:
mascot (wd:P822 as wdt): mascot of an organization, e.g. a sports team or university

Example 3:
Question:
what place did thomas jefferson died?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q11812 wdt:P20 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Thomas Jefferson, also known as T. Jefferson, President Jefferson (wd:Q11812): president of the United States from 1801 to 1809, paleontologist, cryptographer, archaeologist, planter class, statesperson, philosopher, politician, architect, inventor, diplomat, teacher, jurist, writer, lawyer

Using properties:
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that the approach is to identify the entity (NATO headquarters) and then find the property that relates to its location.

Step 1: Identify the entity for NATO headquarters.
Step 2: Find the property that relates NATO headquarters to its location.
Step 3: Query the location of NATO headquarters.

I will start by searching for the entity "NATO headquarters" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. NATO Headquarters, also known as NATO HQ, North Atlantic Treaty Organization Headquarters (wd:Q12800833): headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, at Haren, in Brussels, Belgium
2. NORTHAG War Headquarters Cannerberg, also known as NATO Headquarters Cannerberg (wd:Q15087227): cold War-era NATO communications center and wartime HQ in Belgium
3. 2005 NATO Headquarters summit (wd:Q3489950): 2005 NATO summit meeting in Brussels, Belgium
4. 2001 NATO Headquarters summit (wd:Q3489949): 2001 NATO summit meeting in Brussels, Belgium
5. Dauphine University Centre, also known as Headquarters of NATO in Paris, NATO Headquarters Porte Dauphine (wd:Q2946095): campus in Paris, former headquarters of NATO
6. NATO Special Operations Headquarters, also known as NSHQ (wd:Q16320399): organization
7. 2009 NATO Afghanistan headquarters bombing (wd:Q4614365): bomb attacks
8. JFC Alliance Theatre, also known as Alliance Theater, NATO Joint Force Headquarters Brunssum Theater (wd:Q38240328): cinema in Brunssum, Netherlands
9. NATO, also known as North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO Alliance, North Atlantic Alliance (wd:Q7184): intergovernmental military alliance between 32 member states
10. headquarters, also known as corporate domicile, commercial domicile, principal place of business, main office, HQ (wd:Q7540126): primary location of leadership and coordination of an organization

[Assistant]
The entity "NATO Headquarters" is identified as wd:Q12800833. This entity represents the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium.

Next, I will look for the property that relates this entity to its location. I will search for properties of the entity NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833) with a query related to "location".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
2. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
3. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as p/wdt): person or organization occupying property, used by
4. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
5. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
6. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
7. located on street, also known as on street, street address, street, square, road (wd:P669 as p/wdt): street, road, or square, where the item is located. To add the n...perty P6375 "street address", if there is no item for the street, location, part of
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for location is "location" (wdt:P276). Another relevant property could be "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) or "country" (wdt:P17).

I will now query the location of NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833) using the property "location" (wdt:P276) and also retrieve the label of the location.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| location           | locationLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- |
| Haren (wd:Q672888) | Haren (en)    |

[Assistant]
The NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833) is located in Haren (wd:Q672888).

To provide a more complete answer, I will also check the country or administrative territorial entity where Haren is located. I will query the location of Haren (wd:Q672888) using the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) and "country" (wdt:P17).

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| adminEntity                | adminEntityLabel      | country          | countryLabel |
| -------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------- | ------------ |
| Haren (wd:Q111625631)      | Haren (en)            | Belgium (wd:Q31) | Belgium (en) |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | City of Brussels (en) | Belgium (wd:Q31) | Belgium (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies the NATO Headquarters location as Haren, part of the City of Brussels in Belgium. However, the SPARQL query can be improved for clarity and correctness. Currently, it uses fixed IRIs for Haren and City of Brussels instead of dynamically retrieving the administrative territorial entity of the location. Also, the query returns two rows with slightly inconsistent adminEntity values for Haren. It would be better to query the administrative territorial entity of the location directly from the NATO Headquarters location, ensuring consistent and accurate hierarchy. Additionally, the query should ensure that labels are retrieved optionally and only for the returned entities. Refining the query will improve the precision and reliability of the answer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to dynamically retrieve the administrative territorial entity of the NATO Headquarters location and ensure consistent hierarchy. I will also make sure that labels are retrieved optionally and only for the returned entities.

I will query the location of NATO Headquarters, then query the administrative territorial entity of that location, and finally the country of that administrative entity. I will include optional labels for all entities. I will ensure the query returns a single consistent hierarchy.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the location hierarchy of the NATO Headquarters, including the specific location (Haren), the administrative territorial entity (Haren or City of Brussels), and the country (Belgium). The answer is consistent with the known facts about NATO Headquarters. The query uses appropriate properties and returns the identifiers and English labels as required. The output is complete and accurate, so no further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?book ?bookLabel ?publicationDate WHERE {
  ?book wdt:P50 wd:Q207 .
  ?book wdt:P577 ?publicationDate .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?book rdfs:label ?bookLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?bookLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?publicationDate )
LIMIT 1

The title of George Bush's new book is "Portraits of Courage." It is authored by George W. Bush and was published in 2017.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the title of george bush's new book?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what killed sammy davis jr?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q297816 wdt:P509 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Sammy Davis Jr., also known as Samuel George Davis Jr., Sammy Davis Jr (wd:Q297816): American entertainer (1925–1990), vaudeville performer, television presenter, television actor, recording artist, autobiographer, jazz musician, entertainer, stage actor, film actor, singer, dancer, actor

Using properties:
cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide

Example 2:
Question:
which kennedy died first?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P53 wd:Q34821 ; wdt:P570 ?y .
}
ORDER BY ?y
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Kennedy family, also known as Kennedy Clan, Kennedy Dynasty (wd:Q34821): prominent political family in the United States

Using properties:
family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time

Example 3:
Question:
who are the famous athletes in kenya?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P27 wd:Q114 ; wdt:P106 ?p .
  ?p wdt:P279 + wd:Q2066131 .
}

Using entities:
Kenya, also known as ke, Republic of Kenya, KEN, KE (wd:Q114): country in Eastern Africa
athlete, also known as athletes, sports competitor, sportsman, sportsperson, sportswoman (wd:Q2066131): person who participates regularly in a sport
human, also known as human being, person, people, nonfictional human, non-fictional human (wd:Q5): any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
The question is about the title of George Bush's new book. First, I need to identify the correct entity for George Bush, as there are multiple George Bushes (e.g., George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush). Then, I need to find the property related to books authored by him and check if there is a recent or new book associated with him. Finally, I will retrieve the title of that book.

Step 1: Search for the entity "George Bush" to identify the correct entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. George W. Bush, also known as GWB, POTUS 43, George Bush, President Bush, Bush Jr. (wd:Q207): President of the United States from 2001 to 2009, motivational speaker, rugby union player, military officer, autobiographer, businessperson, statesperson, politician, financier, painter
2. George H. W. Bush, also known as G H W Bush, George W. Bush Senior, GHWB, GHW Bush, G.H.W. Bush (wd:Q23505): President of the United States from 1989 to 1993, baseball player, aircraft pilot, autobiographer, naval officer, statesperson, entrepreneur, politician, diplomat
3. George Bush (wd:Q5537488): American biblical scholar and pastor (1796–1859), pastor, writer
4. George Bush, also known as George Edward Bush (wd:Q28445429): association football player (1883-1936), association football player
5. George Bush (wd:Q5537484): racing driver, engineer
6. George Bush, also known as Simmons (wd:Q107224832): person in the Aberdeen Register of Returned Convicts 1869-1939
7. George Bush (wd:Q47512688): painting by Daniel Bennett Schwartz
8. George Bush (wd:Q47509378): painting by Ronald N. Sherr
9. George Bush (wd:Q100766406): basketball player
10. George Bush [bushgeorg0026233] (wd:Q103871655): article in Electronic Enlightenment

[Assistant]
There are two prominent George Bush entities related to presidents: George W. Bush (wd:Q207) and George H. W. Bush (wd:Q23505). Since the question does not specify which George Bush, I will check for books authored by both to find the new book title.

Step 2: Search for properties related to books authored by George W. Bush (wd:Q207).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. SELIBR ID, also known as LIBRIS, National Library of Sweden, SE-LIBR ID (wd:P906 as wdt/p/wdtn): identifier per National Library of Sweden Libris library catalog
2. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
4. FAST ID, also known as Faceted Application of Subject Terminology ID, FAST subject heading, fst, worldcat.org/fast (wd:P2163 as wdt/p/wdtn): authority control identifier in WorldCat's “FAST Linked Data” authority file
5. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
6. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as p/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
7. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. Open Library ID, also known as Open Library book ID, OpenLibrary work ID, Open Library work ID, OpenLibrary identifier, Open Library identifier (wd:P648 as wdt/p/wdtn): identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
10. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "book" for George W. Bush did not directly show a property for authored books. I will try a more general search for properties related to "author" or "written work" for George W. Bush.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Commons Creator page, also known as creator page, creator template (wd:P1472 as p/wdt): name of Commons Infobox template residing in "Creator" namespace on Wikimedia Commons
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. Project Gutenberg author ID, also known as Gutenberg ID, gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/, Project Gutenberg ID (author) (wd:P1938 as wdt/p/wdtn): author identifier at Project Gutenberg
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as p/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
9. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
10. SBN author ID, also known as ICCU, SBN, SBN identifier, Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (wd:P396 as p/wdt): identifier issued by National Library Service (SBN) of Italy

No other items found

[Assistant] The properties related to author or books for George W. Bush are not directly visible. I will now try to find books authored by George W. Bush by searching for works where he is listed as the author. I will search for entities (books) with George W. Bush as author.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant] The property "author" (wdt:P50) is used to indicate the main creator(s) of a written work. I will now search for books where George W. Bush (wd:Q207) is the author using this property.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| book                                                                                | bookLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Remarks by US President George W...n Ceremony in Washington DC, USA (wd:Q112243677) | Remarks by US President George W...n Ceremony in Washington DC, USA (en) |
| Executive Order 13470 (wd:Q1383597)                                                 | Executive Order 13470 (en)                                               |
| Proclamation 7750 of the President of the USA (wd:Q18330735)                        | Proclamation 7750 of the President of the USA (en)                       |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479)                                          | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en)                                         |
| Freedom and Fear Are at War (wd:Q19036080)                                          | Freedom and Fear Are at War (en)                                         |
| Presidential Memorandum on Restoration of the Mexico City Policy (wd:Q19046315)     | Presidential Memorandum on Restoration of the Mexico City Policy (en)    |
| Presidential Memorandum on Restoration of the Mexico City Policy (wd:Q19046323)     | Presidential Memorandum on Restoration of the Mexico City Policy (en)    |
| Presidential Radio Address - 26 July 2008 (wd:Q19052002)                            | Presidential Radio Address - 26 July 2008 (en)                           |
| Proclamation 7404 (wd:Q19080863)                                                    | Proclamation 7404 (en)                                                   |
| Proclamation 7406 (wd:Q19080876)                                                    | Proclamation 7406 (en)                                                   |

[Assistant] George W. Bush has authored several works, including "41: A Portrait of My Father" and "Freedom and Fear Are at War." To determine which one is the new book, I will check the publication dates of these books to identify the most recent one. I will query the publication date for these two books.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| book                                       | bookLabel                        | publicationDate                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en) | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Freedom and Fear Are at War (wd:Q19036080) | Freedom and Fear Are at War (en) | 2001-09-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The most recent book authored by George W. Bush is "41: A Portrait of My Father," published on November 11, 2014. I will now check for books authored by George H. W. Bush (wd:Q23505) to see if there is a newer book by him.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| book                                 | bookLabel                  |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| All the Best (wd:Q17511147)          | All the Best (en)          |
| Proclamation 6333 (wd:Q19074965)     | Proclamation 6333 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6338 (wd:Q19075023)     | Proclamation 6338 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6342 (wd:Q19075042)     | Proclamation 6342 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6362 (wd:Q19075165)     | Proclamation 6362 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6368 (wd:Q19075205)     | Proclamation 6368 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6381 (wd:Q19075280)     | Proclamation 6381 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6390 (wd:Q19075327)     | Proclamation 6390 (en)     |
| Proclamation 6398 (wd:Q19075375)     | Proclamation 6398 (en)     |
| Executive Order 12668 (wd:Q19102163) | Executive Order 12668 (en) |

[Assistant] George H. W. Bush has authored a book titled "All the Best" among other proclamations and executive orders. I will check the publication date of "All the Best" to see if it is newer than George W. Bush's most recent book.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| book                        | bookLabel         | publicationDate                     |
| --------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| All the Best (wd:Q17511147) | All the Best (en) | 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
The book "All the Best" by George H. W. Bush was published in 1999, which is older than George W. Bush's most recent book "41: A Portrait of My Father" published in 2014.

Since the question asks for the title of George Bush's new book, the most recent book by either George Bush is "41: A Portrait of My Father" by George W. Bush.

I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the most recently published book authored by George W. Bush, but the answer given does not match the query result. The query result shows the book 'Portraits of Courage' as the newest book, not '41: A Portrait of My Father.' The answer should be updated to reflect the actual query result. Additionally, if the user specifically wants the 'new book' as of the current date, the query is appropriate, but if the user means a different George Bush or a different timeframe, that should be clarified. The query and answer should be consistent and accurate.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query to ensure it retrieves the newest book authored by George W. Bush and verify the title to provide an accurate answer. I will query for all books authored by George W. Bush with their publication dates and order them by date descending to get the newest book. Then I will provide the correct title in the answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| book                                | bookLabel                 | publicationDate                     |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | Portraits of Courage (en) | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the most recently published book authored by George W. Bush, returning its identifier, English label, and publication date. The answer provided matches the query result and is accurate. The query respects the rules by returning the actual item identifier and optional label, and orders by publication date to get the newest book. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q36844 wdt:P19 ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth               | placeOfBirthLabel  |
| -------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Saint Michael (wd:Q819170) | Saint Michael (en) |

Wikidata does not have explicit information about where Rihanna was raised. The place of birth, which is Saint Michael, is the closest available information. Note that the place of birth is not necessarily the same as the place where she was raised.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was rihanna raised?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is christina aguilera from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q41594 wdt:P19 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Christina Aguilera, also known as X tina, Xtina, X-tina, Christine Aguilera, Christina María Aguilera (wd:Q41594): American singer, songwriter and actress, music video director, singer-songwriter, recording artist, record producer, film director, film producer, entrepreneur, voice actor, musician, composer, dancer, model, actor

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 2:
Question:
when did the red sox win the pennant?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?y wdt:P3450 wd:Q265538 ; p:P1923 ?z ; wdt:P585 ?x .
  ?z ps:P1923 wd:Q213959 .
}

Using entities:
Boston Red Sox, also known as Sox, redsoxs, RedSox, Red Sox, redsox (wd:Q213959): baseball team and Major League Baseball franchise in Boston, Massachusetts, United States
World Series, also known as Fall Classic (wd:Q265538): Championship of Major League Baseball

Using properties:
participating team, also known as teams (wd:P1923 as p/ps): like 'Participant' (P710) but for teams. For an event like a cyc...member of sports team' (P54) as a qualifier for the individuals), participant
sports season of league or competition, also known as sport season, seasons of, edition of annual athletics meeting, season of sports tournament, season of sports league (wd:P3450 as wdt): property that shows the competition of which the item is a season. Use P5138 for "season of club or team"., part of
point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)

Example 3:
Question:
what countries did queen victoria reign over?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q9439 wdt:P39 ?y .
  ?y wdt:P1001 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Victoria, also known as Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, Victoria of the United Kingdom, Victoria Hanover, Alexandrina Victoria von Hannover, Victoria Alexandrina (wd:Q9439): Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901, monarch

Using properties:
applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

[Assistant]
The examples show how to find places related to a person, such as place of birth or where they are from. For Rihanna, we want to find where she was raised, which is typically represented by the property "place of upbringing" or similar.

Next, I will search for the entity "Rihanna" in Wikidata to get her identifier. Then, I will look for properties related to upbringing or where she was raised.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Rihanna, also known as Barbadian singer, Rihana, Robyn Fenty, Robyn Rihanna Fenty (wd:Q36844): Barbadian singer and actress, singer
2. Rihanna (wd:Q751012): 2010 photo-book
3. Rihanna (wd:Q17136804): female given name
4. Rihanna (wd:Q65090823): 2017 single by Yxng Bane
5. Rihanna (wd:Q17146308): single  by Orezi
6. Rihanna (wd:Q120757612): original song written by Camille Dhont, and performed by Camille
7. Rihanna (wd:Q119197664)
8. Rihanna (wd:Q119197546)
9. Rihanna (wd:Q120757609): vocal track by Camille; 2023 studio recording
10. Rihanna Twitter account, also known as @rihanna, twitter.com/rihanna (wd:Q65676172): Twitter account of Rihanna

[Assistant] The entity for Rihanna the Barbadian singer is wd:Q36844. Now I will search for properties related to "raised" or "upbringing" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. wears, also known as wore, wearing, uniform, outfit, garment (wd:P3828 as p/wdt): clothing or accessory worn on subject's body, item operated
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
5. height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as p/wdt): vertical length of an entity, length
6. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
7. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as p/wdt): entities owned by the subject
8. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as p/wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property for "raised" or "upbringing" found for Rihanna. The closest relevant property might be "place of birth" (wdt:P19), but that is not necessarily where she was raised.

I will try searching for the property "place of upbringing" or similar in general to see if such a property exists in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
4. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
5. parent, also known as guardian, parents (wd:P8810 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): parent of the subject. Only use if neither father (P22) nor mother (P25) nor stepparent (P3448) is applicable., relative
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. personality trait of fictional character, also known as personality trait, personality trait of fictitious character, personal quality of fictional character, fictitious character personality trait, personal quality of fictitious character (wd:P9652 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): particular personality trait which applies to this fictional character
8. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
9. indigenous to, also known as native to, originating from, spoken by (wd:P2341 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): place or ethnic group where a language, art genre, cultural trad...biological species or variety is found (or was originally found)
10. lifestyle, also known as diet, follows lifestyle, has lifestyle, life style (wd:P1576 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): typical way of life of an individual, group, or culture

[Assistant]
There is no specific property for "place of upbringing" or "raised" in the top property search results. The closest relevant property is "place of birth" (wdt:P19).

I will now check if there is any statement about Rihanna's place of upbringing or where she was raised in the data for the entity wd:Q36844. I will list all properties and objects for this entity to see if there is any relevant information.

[Tool]
Got 1,517 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                         | object                                                                          |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                   |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | singer (wd:Q177220)                                                             |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                            |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Rihanna (wd:Q17136804)                                                          |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1988-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                             |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Rihanna                                                                         |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rihanna%20Fenty%202018.png> |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Barbados (wd:Q244)                                                              |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Fenty (wd:Q37508393)                                                            |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Saint Michael (wd:Q819170)                                                      |
| ...                 | ...                              | ...                                                                             |

[Assistant]
Rihanna's place of birth is listed as Saint Michael (wd:Q819170). However, there is no direct property indicating where she was raised.

I will now check if there is any property related to "residence" or "hometown" for Rihanna that might indicate where she was raised. I will search for properties of Rihanna related to "residence" or "hometown".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
3. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as p/wdt): entities owned by the subject
4. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
5. unmarried partner, also known as romantic partner, partner of, partners, posslq, relationship (wd:P451 as p/wdt): someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples, significant person
6. net worth, also known as declared patrimony, estimated net worth, net wealth, net worth estimate, personal assets (wd:P2218 as p/wdt): totality of wealth possessed by a person
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
9. Guardian topic ID, also known as Guardian, The Guardian topic, The Guardian topic ID (wd:P3106 as p/wdt): identifier for a topic at the Guardian newspaper website
10. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as p/wdt): name of a person in their native language, name
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
5. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as p/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
6. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
7. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as p/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
8. family name, also known as clan name, last name, surname (wd:P734 as p/wdt): part of full name of person, name
9. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
10. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are no direct properties for "residence" or "hometown" for Rihanna in Wikidata. The only location-related property for her is "place of birth" which is Saint Michael.

Since the property for where Rihanna was raised is not explicitly available, I will provide the place of birth as the closest available information for where she was raised.

I will now formulate the final SPARQL query to return Rihanna's place of birth.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The system answered the question by providing Rihanna's place of birth (Saint Michael) as the place where she was raised. However, the question specifically asks where Rihanna was raised, which may not necessarily be the same as her place of birth. The current SPARQL query only retrieves the place of birth (wdt:P19) and does not check for any property that indicates where she was raised or grew up. To improve accuracy, the system should try to find a property related to where Rihanna was raised or grew up, such as 'residence' (wdt:P551) or 'hometown' (wdt:P937), if available. If no such property exists, it should clarify that the place of birth is used as a proxy. Therefore, the answer is sensible but needs refinement to better address the question.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the approach by checking for properties like "residence" (wdt:P551) and "hometown" (wdt:P937) for Rihanna to see if there is any information about where she was raised or grew up. If such properties exist, I will use them; otherwise, I will clarify that the place of birth is used as a proxy for where she was raised.

I will first check for the property "residence" (wdt:P551) for Rihanna.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There is no information about Rihanna's residence (wdt:P551) in Wikidata. I will now check for the property "hometown" (wdt:P937) for Rihanna.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There is no information about Rihanna's hometown (wdt:P937) in Wikidata either.

Since there is no explicit information about where Rihanna was raised or her hometown, I will provide the place of birth as the closest available information and clarify that it is used as a proxy for where she was raised.

I will now provide the final answer with this clarification.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The system correctly identified Rihanna's place of birth as Saint Michael, which is a reasonable proxy for where she was raised given the lack of explicit data on her upbringing location in Wikidata. However, the answer should clarify that the place of birth is not necessarily the same as the place where she was raised, and explicitly state that the information about where she was raised is not available in the knowledge graph. This would improve the completeness and accuracy of the answer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the answer to explicitly state that the place of birth is not necessarily the same as the place where Rihanna was raised, and that the information about where she was raised is not available in Wikidata. I will keep the SPARQL query the same as it retrieves the place of birth, which is the closest available information.

Here is the refined final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?start ?end WHERE {
  wd:Q91 p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q11696 ; pq:P580 ?start ; pq:P582 ?end .
}

Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States from March 4, 1861 to April 15, 1865.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when was abe lincoln president?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who won american idol 2006 season 5?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q2666341 wdt:P1346 ?x .
}

Using entities:
American Idol, season 5 (wd:Q2666341): season of television series

Using properties:
winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as wdt): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant

Example 2:
Question:
where does danny ainge live?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q918347 wdt:P551 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Danny Ainge, also known as Daniel Ray Ainge (wd:Q918347): American basketball executive and former player, and baseball player, basketball player, basketball coach, baseball player, businessperson

Using properties:
residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location

Example 3:
Question:
what bass does jared followill use?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P279 * wd:Q810447 ; wdt:P1535 wd:Q3622348 .
}

Using entities:
Jared Followill (wd:Q3622348): American bassist and guitarist, songwriter, guitarist, bassist
bass, also known as bass instrument (wd:Q810447): any of a number of music instruments which produce low pitched tones

Using properties:
used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as wdt): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

[Assistant]
The question is about the time period when Abe Lincoln was president. We need to find the entity for Abe Lincoln and then find the property that relates to his presidency time or term of office.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Abe Lincoln" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Abraham Lincoln, also known as President Lincoln, Uncle Abe, Honest Abe, Abe Lincoln (wd:Q91): president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, military officer, statesperson, postmaster, politician, farmer, writer, lawyer
2. Abe Lincoln, also known as Abram Lincoln (wd:Q4666410): American jazz trombonist (1907-2000), jazz musician
3. Abraham Lincoln, also known as Abe Lincoln (wd:Q4669012): named passenger train
4. Abe Lincoln (wd:Q49395851): mine in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States
5. Abe Lincoln (wd:Q63889409): musical character in the musical Abe
6. Abe Lincoln Mine (wd:Q49395856): mine in Lincoln County, Nevada, United States of America
7. Abe Lincoln Playground (wd:Q34631707)
8. Abe Lincoln Mountain (wd:Q49008420)
9. Abe Lincoln Mine (wd:Q49395859): mine in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States of America
10. Abe Lincoln Mine (wd:Q49395857): mine in Pershing County, Nevada, United States of America

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for "Abe Lincoln" is Abraham Lincoln (wd:Q91), who was president of the United States from 1861 to 1865. Now, let's find the property that indicates the time period of his presidency. We can look for properties related to "president" or "term of office" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
3. candidacy in election, also known as ran in election, running in election, election candidacy, candidate in election, candidate in (wd:P3602 as p/wdt): election where the subject is a candidate, participant in
4. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
5. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
6. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
7. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as p/wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
8. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as p/wdt): entities owned by the subject

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "position held" (wdt:P39) is the most relevant for finding the presidency period of Abraham Lincoln. Let's query the position held by Abraham Lincoln and the corresponding time period (start and end dates).

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label to get the position label.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 4 columns:
| position                                                            | positionLabel                                             | start                               | end                                 |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| President of the United States (wd:Q11696)                          | President of the United States (en)                       | 1861-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1865-04-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| member of the United States House of Representatives (wd:Q13218630) | member of the United States House of Representatives (en) | 1847-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1849-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| President-elect of the United States (wd:Q1467287)                  | President-elect of the United States (en)                 | 1860-11-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1861-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| member of the Illinois House of Representatives (wd:Q17495450)      | member of the Illinois House of Representatives (en)      | 1834-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1842-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the start and end dates of Abraham Lincoln's presidency by querying the position held (P39) for the President of the United States (Q11696) with the appropriate qualifiers for start time (P580) and end time (P582). The answer provided matches the query result and is accurate. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifiers and uses appropriate properties. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q79 wdt:P37 ?language .
  } UNION {
    wd:Q79 wdt:P2936 ?language .
  }
  ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
}

Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                           | languageLabel               |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Arabic (wd:Q13955)                 | Arabic (en)                 |
| English (wd:Q1860)                 | English (en)                |
| Kenzi (wd:Q20639851)               | Kenzi (en)                  |
| Egyptian Arabic (wd:Q29919)        | Egyptian Arabic (en)        |
| Beja (wd:Q33025)                   | Beja (en)                   |
| ...                                | ...                         |
| Modern Standard Arabic (wd:Q56467) | Modern Standard Arabic (en) |
| Libyan Arabic (wd:Q56503)          | Libyan Arabic (en)          |
| Saʽidi Arabic (wd:Q56592)          | Saʽidi Arabic (en)          |
| Bedawi Arabic (wd:Q56714)          | Bedawi Arabic (en)          |
| Malay (wd:Q9237)                   | Malay (en)                  |

Egypt speaks several languages. The official language is Arabic. Other languages spoken include English, Kenzi, Egyptian Arabic, Beja, Modern Standard Arabic, Libyan Arabic, Saʽidi Arabic, Bedawi Arabic, and Malay.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what kind of language does egypt speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what political system is in china?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q148 wdt:P122 ?x .
}

Using entities:
People's Republic of China, also known as Zhōngguó, The PRC, RPC, CHN, Red China (wd:Q148): country in East Asia

Using properties:
basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as wdt): subject's government

Example 2:
Question:
who does avril lavigne play in over the hedge?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q245366 p:P725 ?p .
  ?p ps:P725 wd:Q30449 ; pq:P453 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Over the Hedge (wd:Q245366): 2006 American animated film
Avril Lavigne, also known as Avril Ramona Lavigne (wd:Q30449): Canadian singer and songwriter (born 1984), singer-songwriter, recording artist, fashion designer, philanthropist, voice actor, film actor, composer, singer, actor

Using properties:
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
voice actor, also known as voice actors, voice dubber, voice actress, voice actresses, voiced by (wd:P725 as p/ps): performer of a spoken role in a creative work such as animation,... (P453) as qualifier] [use "cast member" (P161) for live acting], film crew member, cast member

Example 3:
Question:
what did ronnie radke do?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q2019307 wdt:P106 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Ronnie Radke, also known as Ronald Joseph Radke (wd:Q2019307): American rock singer, record producer, songwriter, guitarist, singer

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

[Assistant]
The question is "what kind of language does Egypt speak?" which can be interpreted as "What languages are spoken in Egypt?" or "What is the official language of Egypt?"

Step 1: Identify the entity for Egypt.
Step 2: Identify the property related to languages spoken or official language.
Step 3: Query the languages spoken or official language of Egypt.

I will start by searching for the entity "Egypt" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Egypt, also known as Republic of Egypt, Rep. Egypt, EGY, eg, Arab Republic of Egypt (wd:Q79): country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia
2. Khedivate of Egypt, also known as Egypt, Egyptian Khedivate (wd:Q127861): 1867-1914 monarchy in Northeastern Africa
3. Egypt Eyalet, also known as QASR of Egypt, Pashalik of Egypt, Egypt, Mısır Eyalet, Beylerbeyilik of Egypt (wd:Q491507): Egyptian State (1517–1867)
4. Egypt, also known as Egypt, AK, Egypt, AR (wd:Q2083973): town in Arkansas
5. Egypt, also known as Egypt, Etowah County, Alabama, Egypt, AL (wd:Q5348296): census-designated place in Etowah County, Alabama
6. Egypt, also known as Egypt, Pennsylvania (wd:Q5348306): human settlement in Pennsylvania, United States
7. Egypt 1156 B.C., also known as Egypt, Egypt 1156 B.C.: Tomb of the Pharaoh (wd:Q3586212): 1999 video game
8. Egypt, also known as Egypt, WV (wd:Q5348310): unincorporated community in Jefferson County, West Virginia
9. Egypt (wd:Q5348317): 2004 album by Youssou N'Dour
10. Egypt, also known as Egypt, IN, Egypt, Indiana (wd:Q5348297): unincorporated community in Jasper County, Minnesota

[Assistant]
The entity for Egypt is wd:Q79 (country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia).

Next, I will search for properties related to languages spoken or official language for the entity Egypt (wd:Q79). I will search for properties with the query "language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as p/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as p/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
6. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as p/wdt): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
7. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as p/wdt): name of a person in their native language, name
8. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
10. Libraries Australia ID, also known as CNLKIN, NLA Kinetica Service identifier, NLA (Australia) identifier, NLA (Australia) ID, Libraries Australia identifier (wd:P409 as p/wdt): identifier issued by the National Library of Australia (see also...F component. Format: 1-12 digits, removing leading zero-padding.

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant properties for languages spoken in Egypt are:
- official language (wdt:P37)
- language used (wdt:P2936)

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the official language and languages used in Egypt (wd:Q79).

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: The target variable ?language of an AS clause was already used before in the query body.

[Assistant] The SPARQL query failed because I used the same variable name ?language in the BIND clause which was already used before. I will fix the query by using a different variable name for the COALESCE result. I want to get both official language and languages used, so I will use UNION to combine the results. I will also get the English labels for the languages.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                           | languageLabel               |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Arabic (wd:Q13955)                 | Arabic (en)                 |
| English (wd:Q1860)                 | English (en)                |
| Kenzi (wd:Q20639851)               | Kenzi (en)                  |
| Egyptian Arabic (wd:Q29919)        | Egyptian Arabic (en)        |
| Beja (wd:Q33025)                   | Beja (en)                   |
| ...                                | ...                         |
| Modern Standard Arabic (wd:Q56467) | Modern Standard Arabic (en) |
| Libyan Arabic (wd:Q56503)          | Libyan Arabic (en)          |
| Saʽidi Arabic (wd:Q56592)          | Saʽidi Arabic (en)          |
| Bedawi Arabic (wd:Q56714)          | Bedawi Arabic (en)          |
| Malay (wd:Q9237)                   | Malay (en)                  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in Egypt, including the official language and other languages used. It uses appropriate properties (P37 for official language and P2936 for languages used) and returns the language identifiers and English labels as required. The answer is comprehensive and matches the query results. No further refinement is necessary.