PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q16311 wdt:P175 ?actor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| actor                       | actorLabel           |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) |
| Sam Witwer (wd:Q18918)      | Sam Witwer (en)      |
| Paul Wesley (wd:Q270149)    | Paul Wesley (en)     |
| Jimmy Bennett (wd:Q4349)    | Jimmy Bennett (en)   |

The actors who played the character James T. Kirk are William Shatner, Sam Witwer, Paul Wesley, and Jimmy Bennett.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played kirk?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did charles drew go to high school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q1065848 wdt:P69 ?x .
  ?x wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q9826 .
}

Using entities:
Charles Drew, also known as Charles Drew, Charles R. Drew (wd:Q1065848): American surgeon and medical researcher (1904–1950), university teacher, physician, surgeon
high school, also known as H.S., upper middle school, senior high school, HS (wd:Q9826): institution which provides all or part of secondary education

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

Example 2:
Question:
what college did jeff corwin go to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q770523 wdt:P69 ?x .
  ?x wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q38723 .
}

Using entities:
higher education institution, also known as HEI, Higher Education school, institution of higher education, Superior Institute (wd:Q38723): institution that provides higher education (e.g., universities, ...es, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology, and others)
Jeff Corwin, also known as Jeffrey Corwin (wd:Q770523): American nature conservationist, television host and producer, television presenter, television producer, television writer, television actor, conservationist, voice actor, film actor, biologist, ecologist, actor

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

Example 3:
Question:
when was the last time the ny giants played in the superbowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?y wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q32096 ; wdt:P1346 wd:Q190618 ; wdt:P585 ?x .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?x )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
New York Giants, also known as Giants, NY Giants, NYG (wd:Q190618): professional American football team
Super Bowl, also known as AFL–NFL World Championship Game (wd:Q32096): National Football League championship game

Using properties:
winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as wdt): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)

[Assistant] The question "who played kirk?" likely refers to the actor who played the character "Kirk," most famously Captain James T. Kirk from Star Trek. I will first search for the entity "Kirk" to identify the character and then find the actor who played this character.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. church building, also known as christian temple, church, church meetinghouse, kirk, meetinghouse (wd:Q16970): building for Christian worship
2. Kirk, also known as Kirk, CO, Kirk, Colorado (wd:Q6415372): census-designated place in Yuma County, Colorado
3. Thomas Kirk, also known as T. Kirk, Kirk (wd:Q930525): New Zealand botanist and botanical collector (1828-1898), botanical collector, horticulturist, botanist, writer
4. Kirk (wd:Q4667452): human settlement in Azerbaijan
5. Kirksville Regional Airport, also known as IRK, KIRK (wd:Q6415839): airport in Missouri, United States
6. Kirk (wd:Q1743473): family name
7. Kirk (wd:Q68764325): 2019 album by DaBaby
8. Kirk, also known as Kirk (given name), Kirk (first name) (wd:Q19819758): male given name
9. Kirk (wd:Q22154110): crater on Charon
10. Thomas Kirk, also known as Kirk (wd:Q7791550): British artist (1765-1797), illustrator, printmaker, painter

[Assistant] The search for "Kirk" returned multiple entities, but none explicitly refer to the character Captain James T. Kirk from Star Trek. I will refine the search query to "Captain Kirk" to specifically target the character from Star Trek.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James T. Kirk, also known as James Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk, Jim Kirk, Captain Kirk, Captain James Tiberius Kirk (wd:Q16311): fictional character from Star Trek, spaceship captain, tactician, explorer
2. William Kirkpatrick, also known as Colonel Kirkpatrick, William Kirkpatrick (1754-1812), William Kirkpatrick (1756-1812), Captain Kirkpatrick, Col. Kirkpatrick (wd:Q18672883): British army officer in the East India Company and diplomat (1754 or 1756-1812), military personnel, orientalist, diplomat
3. Captain Kirk Douglas, also known as Kirk Douglass, Kirk Douglas (guitarist), Hundred Watt Heart, "Captain" Kirk Douglas (wd:Q5036706): American guitarist, guitarist, musician
4. Where's Captain Kirk? (wd:Q7993095): 1979 song performed by Spizzenergi
5. Duncan Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kirk (wd:Q75400490): Peerage person ID=118534
6. Maurice Kirk, also known as Captain Maurice Kirk, Maurice Wrottesley Kirk (wd:Q75822804): British army captain
7. Captain Kirk: Cold Warrior (wd:Q58447877)
8. I Am Captain Kirk (wd:Q113976373)
9. Duncan Kinloch Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kinloch Kirk (wd:Q75243859): Peerage person ID=5744
10. Who Killed Captain Kirk? (wd:Q111739107)

[Assistant] The entity "James T. Kirk" (wd:Q16311) corresponds to the fictional character Captain James T. Kirk from Star Trek. Now I will search for the property that indicates the actor who played this character. I will search for properties related to "actor" or "played by" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as p/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
7. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as p/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. IMDb ID, also known as IMDb identifier, Internet Movie Database identifier (wd:P345 as p): identifier for the IMDb (with prefix 'tt', 'nm', 'co', 'ev', 'ch' or 'ni')
10. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "performer" (wdt:P175) is used to indicate the actor or performer associated with a role or creative work. I will now write a SPARQL query to find the actor who played the character James T. Kirk (wd:Q16311) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| actor                       | actorLabel           |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) |
| Sam Witwer (wd:Q18918)      | Sam Witwer (en)      |
| Paul Wesley (wd:Q270149)    | Paul Wesley (en)     |
| Jimmy Bennett (wd:Q4349)    | Jimmy Bennett (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the actors who played the character James T. Kirk using the property 'performer' (wdt:P175) on the entity James T. Kirk (wd:Q16311). The query returns the IRIs and English labels of the actors, which matches the user's question 'who played kirk?'. The answer lists four actors, which aligns with the query result. The query is well-formed, uses appropriate properties and entities, and the answer is complete and accurate. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?placeOfDeath ?placeOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q1317 wdt:P20 ?placeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfDeath rdfs:label ?placeOfDeathLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?placeOfDeathLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Osama bin Laden was killed in Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was osama bin laden killed?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who juan ponce de leon?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q185974 wdt:P106 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Juan Ponce de León, also known as Ponce de Leon, Juan Ponce de Leon, Don Juan Ponce de León, Don Juan Ponce de Leon (wd:Q185974): Spanish explorer and conquistador, military personnel, conquistador, explorer

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

Example 2:
Question:
who does avril lavigne play in over the hedge?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q245366 p:P725 ?p .
  ?p ps:P725 wd:Q30449 ; pq:P453 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Over the Hedge (wd:Q245366): 2006 American animated film
Avril Lavigne, also known as Avril Ramona Lavigne (wd:Q30449): Canadian singer and songwriter (born 1984), singer-songwriter, recording artist, fashion designer, philanthropist, voice actor, film actor, composer, singer, actor

Using properties:
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
voice actor, also known as voice actors, voice dubber, voice actress, voice actresses, voiced by (wd:P725 as p/ps): performer of a spoken role in a creative work such as animation,... (P453) as qualifier] [use "cast member" (P161) for live acting], film crew member, cast member

Example 3:
Question:
what is modern egyptian language?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q79 wdt:P37 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Republic of Egypt, Rep. Egypt, EGY, eg, Arab Republic of Egypt (wd:Q79): country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia

Using properties:
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to answer a question about where a person was killed, I need to identify the entity for the person and then find a property related to the place of death or place of killing.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Osama bin Laden" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Osama bin Laden, also known as Usama bin Laden, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin, Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, Crankshaft (wd:Q1317): Saudi terrorist and co-founder of al-Qaeda (1957–2011), businessperson, civil engineer, terrorist, jihadist
2. Osama bin Laden (wd:Q10612826): rogue bull elephant in India
3. death of Osama bin Laden, also known as Geronimo EKIA, killing of Bin Laden, killing of Osama bin Laden, Operation Neptune Spear, Osama bin Laden death (wd:Q19085): U.S. military operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan
4. Osama bin Laden bodyguards (wd:Q7105668): bodyguards of Osama Bin Laden
5. Osama Bin Laden Tape (wd:Q110056559): sketch from Saturday Night Live
6. Meeting Osama Bin Laden (wd:Q129687082): 2004 Television film
7. Operation Osama Bin Laden (wd:Q122824240): 2021 video game
8. Targeted: Osama Bin Laden (wd:Q129687094): 2004 Television film
9. Fatwas of Osama bin Laden (wd:Q5437340)
10. 2007 Osama bin Laden video (wd:Q4609081): 2007 film

[Assistant]
The entity for Osama bin Laden is wd:Q1317. There is also an entity for the death of Osama bin Laden as a military operation wd:Q19085. Since the question is about where Osama bin Laden was killed, I will look for properties related to place of death or place of killing for the entity wd:Q1317.

Step 2: Search for properties of Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) related to place of death or killing.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as p/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as p/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
3. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
4. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as p/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
5. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as p/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
7. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
8. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as p/wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
9. Find a Grave memorial ID, also known as FaG ID, FaGID, Find A Grave grave ID, Findagrave ID, Find A Grave memorial ID (wd:P535 as p/wdt): identifier of an individual's burial place in the Find a Grave database
10. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as p/wdt): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "place of death" (wdt:P20) is the most relevant to answer the question "where was Osama bin Laden killed?".

Step 3: Construct a SPARQL query to get the place of death of Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317). I will also include the label of the place for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfDeath                                           | placeOfDeathLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------- |
| Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad (wd:Q3065522) | Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad (en) |

[Assistant]
Osama bin Laden was killed in "Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad" (wd:Q3065522).

I will now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of death of Osama bin Laden using the property P20 (place of death). The result includes the specific location 'Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad,' which is accurate and directly answers the user's question. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for better readability. The answer is complete and precise, so no further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?coordinateLocation ?adminEntity ?country WHERE {
  wd:Q5680 wdt:P625 ?coordinateLocation .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q5680 wdt:P131 ?adminEntity .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q5680 wdt:P17 ?country .
  }
}

Nineveh is located at coordinates 36.366667 latitude and 43.150000 longitude. It is situated in the administrative territorial entity Mosul and the country Iraq.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is nineveh city?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is my timezone in california?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q99 wdt:P421 ?x .
}

Using entities:
California, also known as US-CA, State of California, The Golden State, Calif., Cali. (wd:Q99): state of the United States of America

Using properties:
located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as wdt): time zone for this item

Example 2:
Question:
where is alex smith from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q717897 wdt:P19 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Alex Smith, also known as Alexander Douglas Smith (wd:Q717897): American football player (born 1984), American football player

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 3:
Question:
where did elvis presley started his career?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q303 wdt:P19 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Elvis Presley, also known as The King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis A. Presley, King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis, Elvis Aaron Presley (wd:Q303): American singer and actor (1935–1977), military personnel, military officer, philanthropist, film actor, composer, activist, singer, actor

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant]
The question "where is Nineveh city?" is asking for the location of the city Nineveh. To answer this, I need to find the entity for Nineveh city in Wikidata and then find the property that indicates its location. The property for location or situated in might be used to answer this question.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Nineveh" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nineveh (wd:Q5680): ancient Assyrian city, capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
2. Upper Mesopotamia, also known as Nineveh, Northwestern Iraq, كهاف الخيل, Jazira, Assyria (wd:Q311819): northern portion of region between Tigris and Euphrates rivers, now part of Iraq, Syria and Turkey
3. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, IN, Nineveh, Indiana (wd:Q14688715): unincorporated community in Johnson County, Indiana
4. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, New York, Nineveh, NY (wd:Q3477846): human settlement in New York, United States of America
5. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, New York, Nineveh, NY (wd:Q3477846): human settlement in New York, United States of America
6. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Missouri, Nineveh, MO (wd:Q18353599): human settlement in Adair County, Missouri, United States
7. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, England (wd:Q14955822): name of multiple places in England, UK
8. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (wd:Q7038584): human settlement in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada
9. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Pennsylvania (wd:Q24259678): human settlement in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States
10. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh (song), Nineveh (Brooke Ligertwood song) (wd:Q111036727): 2022 song by Brooke Ligertwood

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for the city Nineveh is "Nineveh (wd:Q5680)" which is described as an ancient Assyrian city and capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Now I will look for properties related to the location or place of Nineveh (wd:Q5680).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. geoshape, also known as Commons map data, geographic data, geographic shape, .map, map data (wd:P3896 as p/wdt): geographic data from Wikimedia Commons
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. heritage designation, also known as legal protection, protection, protected status, listing, listed status (wd:P1435 as p/wdt): heritage designation of a cultural or natural site, has part(s), instance of
7. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
8. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as p/wdt): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
10. Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place ID, also known as SDBM place authority ID, SDBM place ID, Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place authority ID (wd:P9757 as p/wdt): identifier for a place in the Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant properties for the location of Nineveh (wd:Q5680) are:
- coordinate location (wdt:P625)
- located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131)
- country (wdt:P17)

I will now query the location information of Nineveh using these properties.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| coordinateLocation                          | adminEntity       | country        |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------- | -------------- |
| POINT(43.150000 36.366667) (geo:wktLiteral) | Mosul (wd:Q83317) | Iraq (wd:Q796) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the coordinate location, administrative entity, and country for Nineveh. The answer is accurate and complete, providing the coordinates and the relevant administrative and country information. The query uses appropriate properties and entities, and the result matches the expected information about Nineveh's location. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q221305 p:P161 ?castStatement .
  ?castStatement ps:P161 ?actor ; pq:P453 wd:Q16311 .
  ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel
  FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
}

The actor who played Captain Kirk (James T. Kirk) in the original Star Trek movie (wd:Q221305) is William Shatner.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played captain kirk in star trek movie?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did the welsh language originate from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q9309 wdt:P279 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Welsh, also known as Cymric, y Gymraeg, Welsh language, Cymric language, Cymraeg (wd:Q9309): Brittonic language spoken natively in Wales

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

Example 2:
Question:
who played obi wan kenobi in phantom menace?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q165713 p:P161 ?y .
  ?y ps:P161 ?x ; pq:P453 wd:Q51740 .
}

Using entities:
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, also known as Star Wars Episode I, Star Wars Episode I - The Phantom Menace, The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace (wd:Q165713): 1999 film directed by George Lucas
Obi-Wan Kenobi, also known as Master Kenobi, Obi Wan Kenobi, Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi, Obi-Wan, Obi Wan (wd:Q51740): fictional character in the Star Wars universe, Jedi

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as p/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)

Example 3:
Question:
what is nina dobrev nationality?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q183439 wdt:P27 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Nina Dobrev, also known as Nikolina Kamenova Dobreva (wd:Q183439): Bulgarian-Canadian actress, executive producer, television actor, ballet dancer, film director, entrepreneur, voice actor, film actor, gymnast, dancer, model, actor

Using properties:
country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find who played a specific character in a movie, we can use the property "cast member" (P161) with a qualifier "character role" (P453) to specify the character played.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "Star Trek movie."
Step 2: Use the property "cast member" with qualifier "character role" to find the actor who played "Captain Kirk."

I will start by searching for the entity "Star Trek movie."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Trek film, also known as Star Trek movie (wd:Q61283808): film of the Star Trek film franchise
2. Star Trek Movie Memories (wd:Q7601044): William Shatner memoir written  with Chris Kreski
3. Star Trek, also known as StarTrek, Star Trek franchise (wd:Q1092): science fiction media franchise
4. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek 09, Star Trek 11, Star Trek 2009 (wd:Q213081): 2009 film directed by J. J. Abrams
5. Star Trek: The Original Series, also known as Those Old Scientists, TOS, ST: TOS, Star Trek: TOS, Star Trek TOS (wd:Q1077): American science fiction television series (1966–1969)
6. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, also known as Search for Spock, Star Trek, Star Trek 3, The Search for Spock (wd:Q221305): 1984 film directed by Leonard Nimoy
7. movie star, also known as cinema star, film star (wd:Q1337738): celebrity who is famous for starring in motion pictures
8. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek (1971) (wd:Q662253): 1971 command line computer game
9. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek Films (wd:Q1102217): film series
10. Star Trek, also known as 2013 Star Trek, Star Trek The Video Game (wd:Q7601031): 2013 video game

[Assistant]
There are multiple entities related to "Star Trek movie." The most relevant for a specific movie seems to be "Star Trek, also known as Star Trek 09, Star Trek 11, Star Trek 2009" (wd:Q213081), which is the 2009 film directed by J. J. Abrams. There is also a general entity for the "Star Trek film franchise" (wd:Q61283808) and a film series (wd:Q1102217).

Since the question is about "Star Trek movie" in general, I will first try with the 2009 Star Trek film (wd:Q213081) to find who played Captain Kirk in that movie. If needed, I can expand to other movies or the franchise.

Next, I will search for the property related to cast member with a qualifier for character role.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
5. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
6. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
7. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
8. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. film crew member (wd:P3092 as ps/psv/wdtn/pr/p/wdt/pqv/prn/prv/pqn/pq/psn): member of the crew creating an audiovisual work, used for miscel... available: notably for cast member (P161), director (P57), etc., significant person

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wdt:P161) is the one used for actors in a film. The qualifier "character role" (wdt:P453) is used to specify the role played by the cast member.

Next, I will write a SPARQL query to find the actor who played "Captain Kirk" in the 2009 Star Trek film (wd:Q213081). I will first search for the entity "Captain Kirk" to use it as a qualifier value.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James T. Kirk, also known as James Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk, Jim Kirk, Captain Kirk, Captain James Tiberius Kirk (wd:Q16311): fictional character from Star Trek, spaceship captain, tactician, explorer
2. William Kirkpatrick, also known as Colonel Kirkpatrick, William Kirkpatrick (1754-1812), William Kirkpatrick (1756-1812), Captain Kirkpatrick, Col. Kirkpatrick (wd:Q18672883): British army officer in the East India Company and diplomat (1754 or 1756-1812), military personnel, orientalist, diplomat
3. Captain Kirk Douglas, also known as Kirk Douglass, Kirk Douglas (guitarist), Hundred Watt Heart, "Captain" Kirk Douglas (wd:Q5036706): American guitarist, guitarist, musician
4. Where's Captain Kirk? (wd:Q7993095): 1979 song performed by Spizzenergi
5. Duncan Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kirk (wd:Q75400490): Peerage person ID=118534
6. Maurice Kirk, also known as Captain Maurice Kirk, Maurice Wrottesley Kirk (wd:Q75822804): British army captain
7. Captain Kirk: Cold Warrior (wd:Q58447877)
8. I Am Captain Kirk (wd:Q113976373)
9. Duncan Kinloch Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kinloch Kirk (wd:Q75243859): Peerage person ID=5744
10. Who Killed Captain Kirk? (wd:Q111739107)

[Assistant]
The entity for "Captain Kirk" as a fictional character from Star Trek is wd:Q16311.

Now I will write a SPARQL query to find the cast member of the 2009 Star Trek film (wd:Q213081) who played the character role Captain Kirk (wd:Q16311).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results for the 2009 Star Trek film (wd:Q213081) with the character role Captain Kirk (wd:Q16311). It is possible that the character role is not linked as wd:Q16311 in the qualifier or the data is structured differently.

I will try a different approach: I will find all cast members of the 2009 Star Trek film and check their character roles to see how Captain Kirk is represented. This will help to identify the correct character role entity or label.

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                        | actorLabel           | characterRole                 | characterRoleLabel    |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Winona Ryder (wd:Q101797)    | Winona Ryder (en)    | Amanda Grayson (wd:Q1412447)  | Amanda Grayson (en)   |
| Karl Urban (wd:Q132430)      | Karl Urban (en)      | Leonard McCoy (wd:Q16351)     | Leonard McCoy (en)    |
| Zachary Quinto (wd:Q139642)  | Zachary Quinto (en)  | Spock (wd:Q119142880)         | Spock (en)            |
| Leonard Nimoy (wd:Q16345)    | Leonard Nimoy (en)   | Spock (wd:Q16341)             | Spock (en)            |
| Jacob Kogan (wd:Q1638065)    | Jacob Kogan (en)     | Spock (wd:Q119142880)         | Spock (en)            |
| ...                          | ...                  | ...                           | ...                   |
| Bruce Greenwood (wd:Q342788) | Bruce Greenwood (en) | Christopher Pike (wd:Q612625) | Christopher Pike (en) |
| Jimmy Bennett (wd:Q4349)     | Jimmy Bennett (en)   | James T. Kirk (wd:Q119138548) | James T. Kirk (en)    |
| Eric Bana (wd:Q4440)         | Eric Bana (en)       | Nero (wd:Q14296686)           | Nero (en)             |
| Chris Hemsworth (wd:Q54314)  | Chris Hemsworth (en) | George Kirk (wd:Q5877874)     | George Kirk (en)      |
| Ben Cross (wd:Q708256)       | Ben Cross (en)       | Sarek (wd:Q2712069)           | Sarek (en)            |

[Assistant]
The character role for Captain Kirk in the 2009 Star Trek film is represented as "James T. Kirk" (wd:Q119138548). The actor who played James T. Kirk in this movie is Jimmy Bennett (wd:Q4349).

However, Jimmy Bennett is a child actor who played young James T. Kirk. To find the main actor who played Captain Kirk, I will look for the actor who played "James T. Kirk" without the qualifier for young or child version.

I will now check the cast members for the Star Trek film series (wd:Q1102217) to see if the main actor for Captain Kirk is listed there.

[Tool] Got no rows and 4 columns

[Assistant]
There are no direct cast members with character roles containing "Kirk" listed for the Star Trek film series (wd:Q1102217).

I will now try to find the main actor who played James T. Kirk in the original Star Trek series (wd:Q1077) or the original Star Trek movie (wd:Q221305) to see if that helps.

I will start by checking the cast members of the original Star Trek movie (wd:Q221305) with character roles containing "Kirk."

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| actor                       | actorLabel           | characterRole             | characterRoleLabel |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------ |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | James T. Kirk (wd:Q16311) | James T. Kirk (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies William Shatner as the actor who played Captain Kirk (James T. Kirk) in the original Star Trek movie (Star Trek III: The Search for Spock). The query uses the appropriate properties and qualifiers to find the cast member with the character role of Captain Kirk. The answer is accurate and complete, and the query returns the correct entity and label. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q855 wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P17 ?country .
  FILTER ( ?country NOT IN ( wd:Q2305208 , wd:Q2895 ) ) ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
}

Joseph Stalin was in charge of the country known as the Soviet Union. The query excludes constituent republics such as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic to focus on the primary sovereign state.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what country was stalin in charge of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is the 2012 ncaa basketball tournament?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q2948731 wdt:P17 ?x .
}

Using entities:
2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament (wd:Q2948731): United States top collegiate-level basketball tournament for 2012

Using properties:
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

Example 2:
Question:
what was the cause of death of larry hagman?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q100440 wdt:P509 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Larry Hagman, also known as Larry Martin Hagman (wd:Q100440): American actor (1931–2012), television producer, television director, television actor, autobiographer, aircraft pilot, film director, film producer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, dub actor, writer, actor

Using properties:
cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide

Example 3:
Question:
what is george washington's hometown?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q23 wdt:P19 ?x .
}

Using entities:
George Washington, also known as Father of the United States (wd:Q23): Founding Father and first U.S. president (1789–1797), revolutionary, statesperson, army officer, cartographer, politician, engineer, geometer, writer, farmer

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant] The question is about the country Stalin was in charge of. Stalin is a historical figure, so first, I will search for the entity "Stalin" in Wikidata to identify the correct entity representing Joseph Stalin. Then, I will look for properties related to the country or state he was in charge of.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Joseph Stalin, also known as Koba, Josef Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovitch Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, Uncle Joe (wd:Q855): leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, opinion journalist, revolutionary, statesperson, politician, linguist
2. Donetsk, also known as Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Stalin, Stalino, Yuzovka (wd:Q43070): city in Ukraine
3. Varna, also known as Stalin, Odesos (wd:Q6506): city in Varna municipality, Varna oblast, Bulgaria
4. Stalin (wd:Q32235): 1992 film directed by Ivan Passer
5. Stalin (wd:Q7597248): 2006 film by A. R. Murugadoss
6. Stalin (wd:Q29437956): biography of Josef Stalin by Leon Trotsky
7. Samson, also known as Stalin (wd:Q4407024)
8. Stalin (wd:Q16281726): name that can be used either as a given name or as a surname
9. Stalin (wd:Q16605767): 1992 film by Kazimierz Kutz
10. Stalin (wd:Q18063553): family name

[Assistant] The entity representing Joseph Stalin is wd:Q855. Now, I will search for properties related to the country or state he was in charge of. I will search for properties of the entity Joseph Stalin with a query related to "country" or "state".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as p/wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
7. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as p/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
8. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as p/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
9. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
10. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in

No other items found

[Assistant] The properties related to "country" for Joseph Stalin do not directly indicate the country he was in charge of. The property "country of citizenship" (wdt:P27) indicates citizenship, but not the country he led. To find the country Stalin was in charge of, I should look for the political position he held and the country associated with that position. I will search for properties related to "position held" for Joseph Stalin.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. military or police rank, also known as military rank, naval rank, police rank, rank (wd:P410 as p/wdt): military or police rank achieved by a person (should usually hav...ualifier), or military or police rank associated with a position
3. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as p/wdt): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, affiliation
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as p/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
6. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as p/wdt): person linked to the item in any possible way
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. partner in business or sport, also known as professional partner, sport partner, sports partner, team mate, team-mate (wd:P1327 as p/wdt): professional collaborator, significant person
9. nominated for, also known as nominee for, shortlisted for, selected for award, selected for, nominee for award (wd:P1411 as p/wdt): award nomination received by a person, organisation or creative work (inspired from "award received" (Property:P166))
10. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as p/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "position held" (wdt:P39) is the most relevant to find the country Stalin was in charge of. I will now query the positions held by Joseph Stalin and see if the country or state associated with those positions is available.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| position                                                                           | positionLabel                                                            | country                  | countryLabel      |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q1048744)         | General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en)        | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (wd:Q108495011)              | Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (en)               | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q115147301)               | Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en)                | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (wd:Q15628644)                    | deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (en)                    | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| wd:Q2367317                                                                        | Minister of Defence (en)                                                 | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (wd:Q42029042)           | member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (en)           | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| member of the Supreme Soviet of ...et Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q42530449) | member of the Supreme Soviet of ...et Federative Socialist Republic (en) | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (wd:Q4376674)                     | Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (en)                    | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (wd:Q4376682)                       | Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (en)                      | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |
| Premier of the Soviet Union (wd:Q462189)                                           | Premier of the Soviet Union (en)                                         | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies the Soviet Union as the country Stalin was in charge of, which is the most relevant and well-known entity. However, the SPARQL query also returns the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, which were constituent republics within the Soviet Union rather than independent countries. To improve the answer, the query should be refined to return only the top-level sovereign state (the Soviet Union) and exclude constituent republics or subdivisions. This can be done by filtering for countries that are recognized as sovereign states or by excluding entities that are part of the Soviet Union. The current answer is correct but could be more precise by focusing on the primary country Stalin led.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I will add a filter to ensure that the returned country is a sovereign state. In Wikidata, sovereign states are instances of "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078). I will modify the query to only return countries that are instances of sovereign states. This should exclude constituent republics and subdivisions.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The filter for sovereign state (wd:Q3624078) returned no results, which means the country entity for the Soviet Union in the positions held is not directly marked as an instance of sovereign state. I will try a broader approach by including subclasses of sovereign state (wd:Q3624078) to capture the Soviet Union entity.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The broader filter for subclasses of sovereign state also returned no results. It seems the country entity linked to the positions held by Stalin is not classified as an instance or subclass of sovereign state in Wikidata. I will try a different approach by excluding known constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the results. I will explicitly exclude the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (wd:Q159852) and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (wd:Q159854) from the results.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| country                                                    | countryLabel                                      |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                   | Soviet Union (en)                                 |
| Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (wd:Q2305208) | Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (en) |
| Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (wd:Q2895)          | Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (en)       |

[Assistant] The exclusion filter did not work as expected because the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic appear with different Wikidata IDs than the ones I excluded. I will update the exclusion list with the correct IDs (wd:Q2305208 and wd:Q2895) and try again.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| country                  | countryLabel      |
| ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) | Soviet Union (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the country Joseph Stalin was in charge of as the Soviet Union (wd:Q15180). It appropriately excludes constituent republics like the Russian SFSR and the Byelorussian SSR to focus on the primary sovereign state. The answer is accurate and complete, and the query follows the rules by returning the identifiers and labels without using unsupported constructs. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| language           | languageLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- |
| English (wd:Q1860) | English (en)  |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) | Maltese (en)  |

The official languages spoken in Malta are Maltese and English.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do maltese speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what language do they speak in egyptian?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q79 wdt:P37 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Republic of Egypt, Rep. Egypt, EGY, eg, Arab Republic of Egypt (wd:Q79): country in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia

Using properties:
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

Example 2:
Question:
where did jane mansfield die?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q229507 wdt:P20 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jayne Mansfield, also known as Vera Jean Peers, Vera Jayne Palmer, Vera Jayne Mansfield (wd:Q229507): American actress and Playboy Playmate (1933–1967), Playboy Playmate, television actor, stage actor, film actor, singer

Using properties:
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 3:
Question:
where does unesco operate?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q7809 wdt:P159 ?x .
}

Using entities:
UNESCO, also known as Unesco, United Nations Educational, Scie...d Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (wd:Q7809): specialised agency of the United Nations for education, sciences, and culture

Using properties:
headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place

[Assistant] From the examples, the property for the language spoken or official language is wd:P37. The entity for Maltese should be the country Malta. Next, I will search for the entity "Maltese" to find the correct entity for Malta.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Maltese, also known as Il-lingwa Maltija, lingwa Maltija, Maltese language, mt (wd:Q9166): Semitic language spoken mostly in Malta
2. Maltese, also known as Maltese dog, Maltese terrier (wd:Q38751): dog breed in the toy group
3. Maltese people, also known as Maltese (wd:Q1286876): citizens or residents of Malta
4. Francesco Maltese, also known as Francesco Fioravanti, Francesco (genaamd Il Maltese) Fieravino, Francesco Il Maltese, Francesco Noletti, Il Maltese (wd:Q3081040): Maltese painter (c.1610-1654), painter
5. Maltese, also known as Maltese goat (wd:Q6744778): goat breed
6. Maltese, also known as Leghorn Runt, Burmese Pigeon (wd:Q7780553): pigeon breed
7. Maltese (wd:Q12238320)
8. Maltese (wd:Q117189264)
9. Maltese (wd:Q57477693)
10. Maltese (wd:L35277-F2)

[Assistant] The entity for the Maltese language is wd:Q9166. Now I will query which language the Maltese people (wd:Q1286876) speak or what is the official language of Malta (wd:Q233). I will first check the official language property (wdt:P37) for Malta (wd:Q233).

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| language           | languageLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- |
| English (wd:Q1860) | English (en)  |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) | Maltese (en)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official languages spoken in Malta using the property for official language (wdt:P37). The query returns both Maltese and English, which matches the known official languages of Malta. The answer provided is accurate and complete. The query also includes labels for readability, which is helpful. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?origin ?originLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?origin .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?origin rdfs:label ?originLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?originLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216) is based on the Phoenician script (wd:Q26752), which indicates that the Greek alphabet came from the Phoenician script.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the greek alphabet come from?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where does the atlanta braves play?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q461595 wdt:P115 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Atlanta Braves, also known as Beaneaters, Rustlers, Milwaukee Braves, Doves, Braves (wd:Q461595): Major League Baseball team in Cumberland, Georgia

Using properties:
home venue, also known as home water, venue, stadium, home ground, home field (wd:P115 as wdt): home stadium or venue of a sports team or applicable performing arts organization, location

Example 2:
Question:
what are dollars called in spain?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q29 wdt:P38 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Spain, also known as Kingdom of Spain (wd:Q29): country in southwestern Europe with territories in Africa

Using properties:
currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as wdt): currency used by item, uses

Example 3:
Question:
who was peter frampton married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q337089 wdt:P26 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Peter Frampton (wd:Q337089): musician (born 1950), songwriter, guitarist, composer

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The question "where did the Greek alphabet come from?" is asking about the origin or source of the Greek alphabet. To answer this, I need to find the entity for the Greek alphabet and then find a property that relates to its origin or source.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Greek alphabet" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Greek alphabet, also known as Greek script, Greek (wd:Q8216): script used to write the Greek language
2. history of the Greek alphabet, also known as Greek alphabet history, the Greek alphabet history (wd:Q2627294): aspect of history
3. Greek Albanian alphabet (wd:Q3305475): Greek alphabet adapted for writing the Albanian language
4. Greek spelling alphabet (wd:Q17003959): spelling alphabet for Greek letters
5. extended greek alphabet (wd:Q3237041)
6. ancient Greek alphabet, also known as archaic Greek alphabet (wd:Q3611036): writing system
7. archaic Greek alphabets (wd:Q2839562): Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
8. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814193): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger (YCBA B1977.14.581)
9. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814190): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger
10. Ancient Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106812515): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger

[Assistant] The entity "Greek alphabet" is wd:Q8216. Now I need to find a property that relates to the origin or source of the Greek alphabet. I will search for properties related to "origin" or "source" for the entity Greek alphabet.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as p/wdt): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as p/wdt): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
4. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "based on" (wdt:P144) seems relevant as it indicates the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for the subject item, which can be interpreted as the origin or source.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find what the Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216) is based on.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| origin                        | originLabel            |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) | Phoenician script (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer correctly identifies that the Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216) is based on the Phoenician script (wd:Q26752), which directly addresses the question of where the Greek alphabet came from. The SPARQL query is well-formed, uses the appropriate property (wdt:P144) to find the origin, and retrieves the English label for clarity. The query result matches the answer given. No further refinement is necessary.