PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?senator ?senatorLabel WHERE {
  ?senator p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q4416090 ; pq:P768 ?district .
  ?district rdfs:label ?districtLabel .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?districtLabel ) , "pennsylvania" ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?senatorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?senator                          | ?senatorLabel       |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) | Charles R. Buckalew |
| Daniel Sturgeon (wd:Q1162819)     | Daniel Sturgeon     |
| David A. Reed (wd:Q1173516)       | David A. Reed       |
| James Buchanan (wd:Q12325)        | James Buchanan      |
| Edgar Cowan (wd:Q1283842)         | Edgar Cowan         |
| ...                               | ...                 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841)            | Bob Casey           |
| Boies Penrose (wd:Q891015)        | Boies Penrose       |
| Richard Schweiker (wd:Q928768)    | Richard Schweiker   |
| Walter Lowrie (wd:Q951798)        | Walter Lowrie       |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           | Pat Toomey          |

The U.S. senators of Pennsylvania include Bob Casey and Pat Toomey, among others historically. The query returns all individuals who have held the position of United States senator with an electoral district labeled with 'Pennsylvania.'

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who are the u s senators of pennsylvania?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who are the U.S. senators of Pennsylvania?" I need to find the entities representing the U.S. senators from the state of Pennsylvania.

Step 1: Identify the entity for Pennsylvania.
Step 2: Identify the property that links U.S. senators to the state they represent.
Step 3: Query for the U.S. senators representing Pennsylvania.

I will start by searching for the entity representing Pennsylvania.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pennsylvania, also known as PA, Pa., US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
2. Pennsylvania, also known as US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, Penna., Pa. (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
3. Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Colony of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Colony (wd:Q2475732): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
4. Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania, AL (wd:Q18392474): unincorporated community in Alabama
5. Pennsylvania (wd:Q3960056): state song of Pennsylvania, United States
6. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163626): suburb in Exeter, Devon, England, UK
7. Pennsylvania (wd:Q1777290): steamboat
8. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163634): album by Pere Ubu
9. Pennsylvania (wd:Q23863889): article in Otto's encyclopedia
10. Pennsylvania, also known as IMO 9486958 (wd:Q83651224): ship built in 2012

[Assistant]
The entity for the state of Pennsylvania is wd:Q1400. Next, I need to find the property that links U.S. senators to the state they represent. Typically, U.S. senators are linked to the state they represent by the property "representing" or "electoral district" or similar.

I will search for properties related to "senator" and "state" to find the appropriate property to link senators to Pennsylvania.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID, also known as Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate senator ID, Senate biography id, Sen id (wd:P11281 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): an entry in the Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate
2. Senate of Romania person ID (wd:P9523 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): identifier for a person on the senat.ro website
3. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner
4. Dutch Senate person ID, also known as DSP ID (wd:P1959 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): identifier for a person on the website of the Dutch Senate
5. Federation Council person ID, also known as council.gov.ru ID, russian senator ID (wd:P10047 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): ID of a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
6. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): persons who hold and/or held the position
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
9. nominee, also known as award nominee (wd:P2453 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): qualifier used with “nominated for” to specify which person or organization was nominated
10. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psv/wdtn/pr/ps/pqv/prv/prn/pq/wdt/psn/pqn/p): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

[Assistant]
The property "position held" (wdt:P39) is commonly used to indicate the office or position a person holds, such as a U.S. senator. I will use this property to find people who hold the position of U.S. senator.

Next, I need to find the entity for the position "United States Senator" to filter for senators specifically.

I will search for the entity "United States Senator."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States senator, also known as U.S. senator, US senator (wd:Q4416090): member of the United States Senate
2. state senator, also known as United States state senator, state senator of the United States, US state senator, U.S. state senator (wd:Q7603534): member of an upper house of a U.S. state legislature
3. classes of United States Senators (wd:Q1744546): cohorts of senate seats whose holders will be elected in a given year
4. On Being Chosen United States Senator (wd:Q19085707)
5. AGES of United States Senators (wd:Q83349417): scientific article published on 01 March 1947
6. Longevity of United States Senators (wd:Q72412902): scientific article published on 01 May 1969
7. Viewpoint of a United States Senator (wd:Q70439396): scientific article published on 01 September 1972
8. Cranston, Alan MacGregor (1914-2000), United States senator (wd:Q103852732): encyclopedia article
9. United States Senator Ted Kennedy Visits Israel (wd:Q113666341): newsreel
10. Senator of the United States Virgin Islands (wd:Q20846080): member of the legislature of the Virgin Islands

[Assistant]
The entity for "United States senator" is wd:Q4416090. Now I will write a SPARQL query to find people who hold the position of United States senator (wd:Q4416090) and represent the state of Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

I need to check how the state represented by the senator is linked. Usually, the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) or "constituency" is used for this. I will check the properties of the position "United States senator" to find the property linking to the state.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt/p): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
10. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as wdt/p): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties linking the position "United States senator" to a state did not return a direct property for the state represented. However, I know from common Wikidata modeling that the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) is often used to link politicians to the area they represent.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find people who hold the position of United States senator (wd:Q4416090) and have an electoral district (wdt:P768) of Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400). I will also retrieve their labels for readability.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which means the property wdt:P768 (electoral district) might not be used for U.S. senators to link them to their state. Another common property to link politicians to the area they represent is "representing" or "constituency."

I will try a different approach by looking for U.S. senators who hold the position wd:Q4416090 and have a "representing" or similar property with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400). I will search for properties related to "representing" for the entity "United States senator."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as p/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
2. subject has role, also known as has role, role, subject had role, subject of qualified statement has role, subject of statement has role (wd:P2868 as p/wdt): role/generic identity of the item ("subject") in the context of ...acting roles, use P453 ("character role"). For persons, use P39.
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
5. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt/p): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
6. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as wdt/p): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as p/wdt): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
9. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
10. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for a property like "representing" or "constituency" for the entity "United States senator" did not return a direct property linking senators to the state they represent.

I will try another approach: I will find all people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and then filter those who have a "state of origin" or "place of birth" as Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) to see if that yields the senators from Pennsylvania. This is not perfect but might give some results.

I will first check the properties of a known U.S. senator from Pennsylvania to see how the state they represent is modeled. I will search for the current U.S. senators from Pennsylvania by name to find one and then inspect their properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bob Casey, also known as Robert Patrick Casey Jr, Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Robert Patrick "Bob" Casey, Jr., Robert Patrick Casey, Robert Patrick Casey, Jr. (wd:Q887841): American lawyer and politician (born 1960), politician, lawyer
2. Robert P. Casey, also known as Robert Casey, Sr., Robert Patrick Casey, Robert Casey Sr., Robert Patrick Casey Sr., Robert Patrick Casey, Sr. (wd:Q477577): American politician and 42nd Governor of Pennsylvania (1932-2000), basketball player, politician, lawyer
3. Bob Casey, also known as Robert Casey (wd:Q2907612): Irish rugby union player, rugby union player
4. Bob Casey (wd:Q4932030): American baseball player (1859-1936), baseball player
5. Bob Casey (wd:Q4932029): American baseball announcer, announcer
6. Bob Casey, also known as Robert Hanley Casey (wd:Q47541467): jazz guitarist, Jazz musician
7. Sideshow Bob, also known as Robert Onderdonk Terwilliger, Robert Onderdonk Terwilliger Jr., Robert Terwilliger, Robert "Bob" Terwilliger, Bob Terwilliger Jr. (wd:Q1411101): fictional character from The Simpsons franchise, supporting actor, prisoner, mayor
8. Bob Orton Jr., also known as "Cowboy" Bob Orton, Robert Keith Orton Jr. (wd:Q529384): American professional wrestler, professional wrestler
9. Bob Sura, also known as Schoolyard, Robert Sura Jr., Hondo, Bob Sura Jr., Bobby Sura (wd:Q2333700): American basketball player, basketball player
10. Rob Menendez, also known as Robert Jacobsen Menendez Jr., Robert Menendez, Bob Menendez Jr. (wd:Q115137457): American lawyer and politician (born 1985), politician, lawyer

[Assistant] The entity for Bob Casey Jr., a known U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, is wd:Q887841. I will now check the properties of Bob Casey Jr. to find how the state he represents is linked.

[Tool]
Got 379 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | politician (wd:Q82955)                                                                        |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                            |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Bob (wd:Q18105736)                                                                            |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1960-04-13T00:00:00Z                                                                          |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Bob Casey, Jr.                                                                                |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bob%20Casey%20Jr.%20official%20photo.jpg> |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                        |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Casey (wd:Q16825795)                                                                          |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Scranton (wd:Q271395)                                                                         |
| ...                    | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The properties of Bob Casey Jr. do not directly show the state he represents. I will specifically look for the property "position held" (wdt:P39) for Bob Casey Jr. to see the details of his position.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                | object                                     |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090)        |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (wdt:P39) | Pennsylvania Auditor General (wd:Q7163652) |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (wdt:P39) | Pennsylvania Treasurer (wd:Q7164215)       |

[Assistant] Bob Casey Jr. holds the position of United States senator (wd:Q4416090). I will now check the qualifiers of this statement to see if there is a qualifier indicating the state he represents. I will look for the statement node for Bob Casey Jr.'s position held as United States senator.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property              | object                                         |
| ---------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-1463D25E-1A12-415F-BE6D-EEC08E381945 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-15F73EFE-5285-4F6C-AA07-744A43F891BF |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-55d6543a-4272-2a93-0c02-e547b2df3960 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-5E0CF70E-A6F8-4D0D-B3EF-12D59FA1B613 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-6457A1A7-4F89-4B1B-B822-8C0838A12D9C |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-9398E61F-8152-446F-9D09-DE598F54E573 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-C2693EB1-8F73-4D69-90AD-0DD6F7D95FDE |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-CB9F8632-5CB3-4301-AA2D-75FE16072988 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q887841-CC342894-D6D3-45D6-974C-F01AB23A2F66 |
| ...                    | ...                   | ...                                            |

[Assistant] There are several statement nodes for the property "position held" for Bob Casey Jr. I will check the qualifiers of the statement node related to the position "United States senator" to find the state he represents. I will inspect the qualifiers of the statement node s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                        | property                       | object                                                           |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | position held (ps:P39)         | United States senator (wd:Q4416090)                              |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | start time (pq:P580)           | 2011-01-03T00:00:00Z                                             |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | end time (pq:P582)             | 2013-01-03T00:00:00Z                                             |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | electoral district (pq:P768)   | Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat (wd:Q101498874)                 |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | parliamentary term (pq:P2937)  | 112th United States Congress (wd:Q170447)                        |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | parliamentary group (pq:P4100) | Democratic Party (wd:Q29552)                                     |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | elected in (pq:P2715)          | 2006 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania (wd:Q7891971) |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | wikibase:rank                  | wikibase:NormalRank                                              |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | rdf:type                       | wikibase:BestRank                                                |
| s:Q887841-0E484A53-181D-45E4-8C8B-B7323760CB29 | prov:wasDerivedFrom            | ref:08fe7cbd83df055f03c11873ecde32ef61f49a1f                     |
| ...                                            | ...                            | ...                                                              |

[Assistant]
The qualifier "electoral district" (pq:P768) links to "Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat" (wd:Q101498874) for Bob Casey Jr.'s position as United States senator. This indicates that the electoral district is modeled as a specific senate seat entity.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find all people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have an electoral district (pq:P768) that is linked to Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) through a property. I will check if the electoral district entity has a property linking it to Pennsylvania.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| ?district                                                           | ?districtLabel |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Class 1 United States senate seat for Pennsylvania                  |                |
| Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat                                    |                |
| Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat                                    |                |
| Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat                                    |                |
| "Pennsylvania (klass 1)"@sv                                         |                |
| "Pennsylvania (klass 1)"@sv                                         |                |
| "Pennsylvania (klass 1)"@sv                                         |                |
| Pennsylvania senate seat (I)                                        |                |
| "sedež v senatu Združenih držav ...ke razreda 1 za Pensilvanijo"@sl |                |
| "senatni sedež Pensilvanije razreda 1"@sl                           |                |

[Assistant]
The electoral district entity "Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat" (wd:Q101498874) does not have a direct property linking it to the state Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) in the sample of properties retrieved.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find all people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have an electoral district (pq:P768) that contains "Pennsylvania" in its label. This should give us the U.S. senators representing Pennsylvania. I will also retrieve their labels for readability.

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?senator                          | ?senatorLabel       |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) | Charles R. Buckalew |
| Daniel Sturgeon (wd:Q1162819)     | Daniel Sturgeon     |
| David A. Reed (wd:Q1173516)       | David A. Reed       |
| James Buchanan (wd:Q12325)        | James Buchanan      |
| Edgar Cowan (wd:Q1283842)         | Edgar Cowan         |
| ...                               | ...                 |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841)            | Bob Casey           |
| Boies Penrose (wd:Q891015)        | Boies Penrose       |
| Richard Schweiker (wd:Q928768)    | Richard Schweiker   |
| Walter Lowrie (wd:Q951798)        | Walter Lowrie       |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           | Pat Toomey          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?character ?characterLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q358345 wdt:P175 ?character .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?character rdfs:label ?characterLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?characterLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Billy Dee Williams played the character Lando Calrissian in Star Wars.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what character did billy d williams play in star wars?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "What character did Billy Dee Williams play in Star Wars?", I need to identify the entity for Billy Dee Williams and then find the character he played in the Star Wars franchise.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Billy Dee Williams" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Billy Dee Williams, also known as William December Williams Jr., William December "Billy Dee" Williams Jr. (wd:Q358345): American actor (born 1937), recording artist, television actor, screenwriter, voice actor, film actor, novelist, painter, writer, singer, actor
2. Billy Dee Williams Self-Portrait (wd:Q47513010): painting by Billy Dee Williams
3. Bill Maynard, also known as Billy Williams (wd:Q3736724): English comedian and actor (1928–2018), association football player, stand-up comedian, television actor, stage actor, actor
4. Billy Williams (wd:Q123745): British cinematographer, camera operator, cinematographer, film actor, actor
5. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Leo Williams (wd:Q4913471): American former professional baseball outfielder, baseball player
6. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q3640062): American basketball player, basketball player
7. Billy Dee (wd:Q4912456): American pornographic actor, pornographic actor, actor
8. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q863272): African-American singer (1910-1972), singer
9. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Louis Williams (wd:Q18619122): American football player
10. Billy Williams, also known as William "Billy" Williams (wd:Q4913467): English footballer, born 1876, association football player

[Assistant]
The entity for Billy Dee Williams is wd:Q358345. Now I need to find the character he played in the Star Wars franchise. This can be found by looking for the property that links an actor to a character they portrayed. Typically, this property is "character role" or "performer" or "cast member" in the context of a film or TV series.

Step 2: Search for properties related to "character" or "role" for the entity Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
8. Swedish Film Database person ID, also known as Swedish Film Database person ID, svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=person, SFI person ID, SFDb person ID, Svensk Filmdatabas person ID (wd:P2168 as wdt/p): identifier for a person on the Swedish Film Database (SFDb)
9. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
10. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties related to "character" or "role" for Billy Dee Williams did not return a direct property linking him to a character he played. I will try a different approach: I will search for the property "cast member" or "performer" in the context of Star Wars films or series and see if Billy Dee Williams is linked to a character there.

Step 3: Search for the entity "Star Wars" to identify the main Star Wars film or series entity. Then, I will look for cast members and their characters.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Wars, also known as 1977 Star Wars (wd:Q462): epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas
2. Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope, also known as 1977 Star Wars, A New Hope, Star Wars, Star Wars: A New Hope, Star Wars: Episode IV (wd:Q17738): 1977 film directed by George Lucas
3. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars: The Arcade Game (wd:Q54317): 1983 video game
4. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), Star Wars soundtrack (wd:Q2715371): 1977 soundtrack album
5. Star Wars, also known as 1991 Star Wars, Game Boy Star Wars, NES Star Wars (wd:Q54320): 1991 video game
6. Star Wars (wd:Q30597407): 1977 composition by John Williams
7. Star Wars: Starfighter (wd:Q55225): 2001 video game
8. Star Wars, also known as 1987 Star Wars (wd:Q54319): 1987 video game
9. Star Wars (wd:Q20720789): album by Wilco
10. Star Wars (wd:Q3180475): Japanese manga series

[Assistant]
The main Star Wars multimedia franchise entity is wd:Q462. To find the character Billy Dee Williams played, I will look for films or series within this franchise and their cast members.

Step 4: Find films or series that are part of the Star Wars franchise (wd:Q462) and check their cast members for Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345). Then find the character he played.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The attempt to use the SERVICE wikibase:label for labels failed because it is unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoint. I will rewrite the query to get the films or series that are part of the Star Wars franchise without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for labels.

Step 4 (revised): Find films or series that are part of the Star Wars franchise (wd:Q462) and get their labels optionally.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| ?film                                  | ?filmLabel                |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Star Wars (wd:Q22092344)               | Star Wars                 |
| Star Wars: The Clone Wars (wd:Q382289) | Star Wars: The Clone Wars |
| wd:Q71726546                           |                           |
| Star Wars opening crawl (wd:Q7601176)  | Star Wars opening crawl   |
| Galactic Civil War (wd:Q926377)        | Galactic Civil War        |

[Assistant]
I found some entities related to the Star Wars franchise, including "Star Wars" (wd:Q22092344) and "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" (wd:Q382289). I will now check if Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) is a cast member of any of these films or series and find the character he played.

Step 5: Check cast members of "Star Wars" (wd:Q22092344) and "Star Wars: The Clone Wars" (wd:Q382289) for Billy Dee Williams and find the character he played.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query did not return any results. It seems the approach to find the character directly linked to Billy Dee Williams in the context of the Star Wars works did not succeed. I will try a different approach: I will look for the characters portrayed by Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) using the property "character role" (wdt:P453) or similar properties.

Step 6: Search for properties of Billy Dee Williams related to characters or roles.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
3. Swedish Film Database person ID, also known as Swedish Film Database person ID, svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=person, SFI person ID, SFDb person ID, Svensk Filmdatabas person ID (wd:P2168 as wdt/p): identifier for a person on the Swedish Film Database (SFDb)
4. TMDB person ID, also known as TMDb person identifier, the movie db person id, themoviedb.org person identifier, themoviedb.org person ID, The Movie Database person identifier (wd:P4985 as wdt/p): identifier for a person at The Movie Database
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
8. Behind The Voice Actors person ID, also known as behindthevoiceactors.com person ID, BTVA person ID, BTVA ID (wd:P5007 as p/wdt): identifier of a person on the website Behind The Voice Actors
9. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
10. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties related to "character role" or similar for Billy Dee Williams did not return a direct property linking him to a character. I will try a different approach: I will search for the character "Lando Calrissian" which I know Billy Dee Williams played in Star Wars, and verify if Billy Dee Williams is linked to that character.

Step 7: Search for the entity "Lando Calrissian" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lando Calrissian, also known as Landonis Balthazar Calrissian III (wd:Q51799): fictional character in the Star Wars universe, businessperson, starship pilot, gambler, rebel
2. Lando Calrissian, also known as 1980 Lando Calrissian (wd:Q131785860): 1980 Star Wars miniature action figure
3. Lando Calrissian's father, also known as Lindo Calrissian (wd:Q117718181)
4. The Adventures of Lando Calrissian (wd:Q7712567): series of Star Wars novels
5. Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon (wd:Q6484849): novel by L. Neil Smith
6. Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu (wd:Q6484850): novel by L. Neil Smith
7. Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka (wd:Q16995885): Star Wars novel by L. Neil Smith
8. Lando, also known as Pope Lando (wd:Q104798): Pope from 913 to 914, Catholic priest
9. Landò (wd:Q2443775): human settlement in Malonno, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
10. Lando (wd:Q1803652): German-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

[Assistant]
The entity for Lando Calrissian is wd:Q51799. Now I will check if Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) is linked to this character as the actor who portrayed him.

Step 8: Check if Billy Dee Williams is the actor who portrayed Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799).

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q9123 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                               | ?schoolLabel             |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury |

Sir Ernest Rutherford attended the following schools: Nelson College, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and University of Canterbury.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what school did sir ernest rutherford go to?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "What school did Sir Ernest Rutherford go to?", I need to identify the entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford in Wikidata and then find the property related to the school or educational institution he attended.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Sir Ernest Rutherford" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ernest Rutherford, also known as Ernest Rutherford, primer barón Rutherford. de Nelson, E. Rutherford, Ernest Lord Rutherford, Ernest, Lord Rutherford (wd:Q9123): New Zealand physicist (1871–1937), university teacher, nuclear physicist, politician, professor, physicist, chemist
2. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q41065867): scientific article
3. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q67472783): scientific article published on April 12, 1976
4. Rutherford, Ernest (wd:Q103848810): encyclopedia article
5. Ernest Rutherford memorial (wd:Q122699205)
6. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, also known as Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), B... of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, Sir Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q117280779): painting by Philip de László
7. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford (wd:Q28051464): painting by Sir James Gunn
8. Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) (wd:Q119248228): painting by Oswald Birley
9. Ernest R. Groves, also known as Ernest Rutherford Groves (wd:Q94624961): professor
10. Ernest Rutherford Special Collection (wd:Q62035565): Archival collection held at the McGill University Archives

[Assistant]
The entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford is wd:Q9123. Now I will look for the property that indicates the school or educational institution he attended. Common properties for this are "educated at" (P69).

Step 2: Query the educational institutions Sir Ernest Rutherford attended using the property "educated at" (P69).

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                               | ?schoolLabel             |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q2190766 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                                  | ?schoolLabel               |
| ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Juneau-Douglas High School (wd:Q6312473) | Juneau-Douglas High School |
| Wasilla High School (wd:Q7972657)        | Wasilla High School        |
| West Anchorage High School (wd:Q7984309) | West Anchorage High School |

Bristol Palin attended Juneau-Douglas High School, Wasilla High School, and West Anchorage High School.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did bristol palin go to school?

[Assistant]
The user is asking for the school that Bristol Palin attended. To answer this, I need to find the entity for Bristol Palin and then find the property related to the school or educational institution she attended.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Bristol Palin" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bristol Palin, also known as Bristol Sheeran Marie Palin (wd:Q2190766): reality television participant, daughter of Sarah Palin, real estate agent, politician, writer
2. Bristol Palin: Life's a Tripp (wd:Q4968974): television series
3. Bristol, also known as Bristol, UK, Bristol, England, Bristol, Gloucestershire (wd:Q23154): city in South West England, United Kingdom
4. Bristol, also known as Bristol, CT, Bristol, Connecticut (wd:Q755149): city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States
5. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Tennessee, Bristol, TN (wd:Q917821): city in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States
6. Bristol Airport, also known as Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, EGGD, BRS, Bristol International Airport, Bristol (wd:Q8725): commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England
7. Bristol, also known as Bristol, VA, Bristol, Virginia (wd:Q503366): independent city in Virginia, United States
8. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Florida, Bristol, FL (wd:Q568950): city in and the county seat of Liberty County, Florida, United States
9. Bristol Airport, also known as EGGD, Bristol, Bristol International Airport, Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, BRS (wd:Q8725): commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England
10. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Rhode Island, Bristol, RI (wd:Q917809): town in Rhode Island, United States

[Assistant] The entity for Bristol Palin is wd:Q2190766. Next, I will search for properties related to education or school for this entity. I will search for properties of Bristol Palin related to "school" or "education".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. number of children, also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids (wd:P1971 as p/wdt): number of children of the person, animal, or character
4. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt/p): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdt/p): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
10. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "educated at" (wdt:P69) corresponds to the educational institution attended by the subject. I will now query the educational institutions that Bristol Palin attended using this property.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                                  | ?schoolLabel               |
| ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Juneau-Douglas High School (wd:Q6312473) | Juneau-Douglas High School |
| Wasilla High School (wd:Q7972657)        | Wasilla High School        |
| West Anchorage High School (wd:Q7984309) | West Anchorage High School |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
SELECT ?description WHERE {
  wd:Q9200 schema:description ?description .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?description ) = "en" )
}

Saint Paul the Apostle, also known as Paul the Apostle (wd:Q9200), was an early Christian apostle and missionary who lived approximately from AD 5 to AD 64/65.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was saint paul the apostle?

[Assistant] To answer the question "Who was Saint Paul the Apostle?" I need to find the entity corresponding to Saint Paul the Apostle in Wikidata and then retrieve relevant information about him, such as his description or notable attributes. I will start by searching for the entity "Saint Paul the Apostle" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Paul the Apostle, also known as Saul of Tarsus, Saulus, Šā'ûl, Saul, Saint Paulus (wd:Q9200): Early Christian apostle and missionary (c. AD 5 – c. 64/65), religious figure, missionary, theologian, traveler, artisan, writer, rabbi
2. San Paolo convent, also known as Saint Paul the Apostle, San Paolo (Ferrara) - Convent (wd:Q124151525): convent at the church of San Paolo, Ferrara, Italy
3. San Paolo al Cimitero, also known as Saint Paul the Apostle (wd:Q123987072): religious building at the cemetery of Sassari, Italy
4. San Paolo, also known as Saint Paul the Apostle (wd:Q118516744): religious building in Biancareddu, Sassari, Italy
5. Saint Paul the Apostle (wd:Q19859112): painting by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior
6. Saint Paul the Apostle (wd:Q118591287): painting by Spanish School, Wellcome Collection
7. The apostle Saint Paul (wd:Q121546195): painting by Anthony van Dyck
8. St. Paul the Apostle Church, also known as Saint Paul the Apostle Church (wd:Q7591285): church in New York, United States
9. Saint Paul the Apostle writing (wd:Q123163634): painting by Lambert Jacobsz
10. Church of St Paul, 1651 Shettleston Road, Glasgow, also known as 1651 Shettleston Road, Church Of St Paul, Church of Saint Paul the Apostle (wd:Q17815655): church building in Glasgow, Scotland, UK

[Assistant] The entity "Paul the Apostle" (wd:Q9200) corresponds to Saint Paul the Apostle, also known as Saul of Tarsus. He was an early Christian apostle and missionary, religious figure, theologian, traveler, artisan, writer, and rabbi. I will now retrieve a brief description or summary about Paul the Apostle from Wikidata to answer the question.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?description                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Early Christian apostle and missionary (c. AD 5 – c. 64/65) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q182658 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                                           | ?schoolLabel                        |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| University of Alabama (wd:Q492318)                | University of Alabama               |
| University of Utah Health Care (wd:Q56582915)     | University of Utah Health Care      |
| Huntingdon College (wd:Q5945112)                  | Huntingdon College                  |
| Monroe County High School (wd:Q6902164)           | Monroe County High School           |
| University of Alabama School of Law (wd:Q7895034) | University of Alabama School of Law |

Harper Lee attended Monroe County High School for her high school education.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did harper lee attend high school?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Where did Harper Lee attend high school?" I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Harper Lee" in Wikidata.
2. Find the property related to the high school or secondary education attended by Harper Lee.
3. Query the high school attended by Harper Lee using the identified entity and property.

First, I will search for the entity "Harper Lee" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Harper Lee, also known as Nelle Harper Lee (wd:Q182658): American author, prose writer, screenwriter, poet lawyer, novelist, musician, writer, actor
2. Lee Harper, also known as Lee Charles Philip Harper (wd:Q6513809): Footballer and manager (born 1971), association football manager, association football player
3. Lee Harper (wd:Q1811814): American musician (1945–2010), jazz guitarist, musician
4. Ron Harper, also known as Ronald Lee Harper (wd:Q7363883): Canadian politician, politician
5. Harper B. Lee, also known as Harper Baylor Lee, James Harper Gillett (wd:Q3127694): American matador (1884-1941), matador
6. Harper Lee Award (wd:Q107354207): award for Alabama writers
7. Harper Lee Kaye (wd:Q88315759): researcher
8. Jonathan Lee Harper (wd:Q102342439): Ph.D. Montana State University 2007
9. Eric Harper, also known as Eric Lee Harper (wd:Q116510885): guitarist, composer, musician
10. Gloria Harper Lee (wd:Q117517845): Cousin of Monica Hargrove, interviewee of Dartmouth Black Lives

[Assistant] I have identified the entity for Harper Lee as wd:Q182658. Next, I will search for properties related to "high school" or "education" for this entity to find the relevant property that indicates where Harper Lee attended high school.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
6. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
7. sibling, also known as is sister of, is the brother of, is the sibling of, is the sister of, sib (wd:P3373 as wdt/p): the subject and the object have at least one common parent (brot...law, etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.), relative
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "educated at" (wdt:P69) is the relevant property for the educational institution attended by Harper Lee, which can include high school. Now I will query the high school or educational institution attended by Harper Lee using this property.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| ?school                                           | ?schoolLabel                        |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| University of Alabama (wd:Q492318)                | University of Alabama               |
| University of Utah Health Care (wd:Q56582915)     | University of Utah Health Care      |
| Huntingdon College (wd:Q5945112)                  | Huntingdon College                  |
| Monroe County High School (wd:Q6902164)           | Monroe County High School           |
| University of Alabama School of Law (wd:Q7895034) | University of Alabama School of Law |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel ?residence ?residenceLabel ?education ?educationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q207 wdt:P19 ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q207 wdt:P551 ?residence .
    ?residence rdfs:label ?residenceLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?residenceLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q207 wdt:P69 ?education .
    ?education rdfs:label ?educationLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?educationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 7 rows and 6 columns:
| ?placeOfBirth         | ?placeOfBirthLabel | ?residence         | ?residenceLabel | ?education                                 | ?educationLabel             |
| --------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | --------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------- |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | Phillips Academy (wd:Q1432645)             | Phillips Academy            |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | St. Anthony Catholic School (wd:Q23091432) | St. Anthony Catholic School |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | Yale College (wd:Q2599077)                 | Yale College                |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | wd:Q49112                                  | Yale University             |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | Harvard Business School (wd:Q49126)        | Harvard Business School     |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | Davenport College (wd:Q5230230)            | Davenport College           |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          | The Kinkaid School (wd:Q7744702)           | The Kinkaid School          |

George W. Bush lived as a child in New Haven (his place of birth) and likely in places related to his early education such as Phillips Academy, St. Anthony Catholic School, Davenport College, and The Kinkaid School. He also had a residence in Dallas.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did george w bush live as a child?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Where did George W. Bush live as a child?" I need to identify the entity for George W. Bush in Wikidata and then find the property that indicates his childhood residence or place where he lived as a child.

Step 1: Search for the entity "George W. Bush" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. George W. Bush, also known as GWB, POTUS 43, George Bush, President Bush, Bush Jr. (wd:Q207): President of the United States from 2001 to 2009, motivational speaker, rugby union player, military officer, autobiographer, businessperson, statesperson, politician, financier, painter
2. George Washington Bush, also known as George W. Bush (wd:Q5545944): American pioneer, husbandry worker, employee, pioneer, trapper, farmer
3. George W. Bush (wd:Q104844437): 2020 television documentary film
4. George W. Bush (wd:Q111279895): episode of Dokument utifrån
5. George W. Bush (wd:Q47513370): painting by Robert A. Anderson
6. George W. Bush, also known as George Washington Bush (wd:Q94496272): operator of George W. Bush & Son, a shipping business in Delaware, United States (1824-1900), consignor, director, merchant
7. George H. W. Bush, also known as G H W Bush, George W. Bush Senior, GHWB, GHW Bush, G.H.W. Bush (wd:Q23505): President of the United States from 1989 to 1993, baseball player, aircraft pilot, autobiographer, naval officer, statesperson, entrepreneur, politician, diplomat
8. George W. Bush Presidential Center, also known as GWB Library, GWB Presidential Library, George W. Bush Presidential Library, George W. Bush Library, Bush Presidential Library (wd:Q1508430): Presidential library and museum for U.S. President George W. Bush, located in Dallas, Texas
9. George W. Bush Administration cabinet, also known as Bush Cabinet, George W. Bush Cabinet, Cabinet of George W. Bush, Cabinet George W. Bush, Cabinet Bush (wd:Q28464532): most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the fe...ent of the United States under the George W. Bush Administration
10. USS George W. Bush (wd:Q131753450): planned Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier

[Assistant]
The entity for George W. Bush (the 43rd President of the United States) is wd:Q207. Next, I need to find properties related to where he lived as a child. This could be indicated by properties like "place of residence," "childhood home," or "place of upbringing."

Step 2: Search for properties related to "childhood residence" or "childhood home" for the entity George W. Bush (wd:Q207).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdt/p): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
2. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as p/wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
3. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
5. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as p/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
6. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as p/wdt): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
7. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdt/p): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
8. number of children, also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids (wd:P1971 as p/wdt): number of children of the person, animal, or character
9. sibling, also known as is sister of, is the brother of, is the sibling of, is the sister of, sib (wd:P3373 as wdt/p): the subject and the object have at least one common parent (brot...law, etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.), relative
10. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "residence" (wdt:P551) is the most relevant property for indicating where George W. Bush lived. However, it does not specify childhood residence directly. I will query for the residences of George W. Bush (wd:Q207) and check if there is any indication of childhood residence.

Step 3: Query for the residences of George W. Bush (wd:Q207).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?residence         | ?residenceLabel |
| ------------------ | --------------- |
| Dallas (wd:Q16557) | Dallas          |

[Assistant] The query returned Dallas as a residence of George W. Bush, but it does not specify if this was during his childhood. To be more specific, I will look for the property "childhood home" or similar terms in Wikidata. Since the previous property search did not return a specific property for childhood residence, I will try a more general search for properties related to "childhood" for the entity George W. Bush (wd:Q207).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. number of children, also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids (wd:P1971 as p/wdt): number of children of the person, animal, or character
2. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
3. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as p/wdt): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
4. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdt/p): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
5. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as p/wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
6. sibling, also known as is sister of, is the brother of, is the sibling of, is the sister of, sib (wd:P3373 as wdt/p): the subject and the object have at least one common parent (brot...law, etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.), relative
7. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
8. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
9. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
10. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as wdt/p): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no specific property for childhood residence or childhood home for George W. Bush in Wikidata. The closest relevant property is "residence" (wdt:P551), which we found to be Dallas. To provide a more complete answer, I will also include the place of birth (which is New Haven) and the place of education (which may indicate where he lived during his youth).

Step 4: Query for the place of birth and places of education of George W. Bush (wd:Q207).

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 4 columns:
| ?placeOfBirth         | ?placeOfBirthLabel | ?education                                 | ?educationLabel             |
| --------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------- |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Phillips Academy (wd:Q1432645)             | Phillips Academy            |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | St. Anthony Catholic School (wd:Q23091432) | St. Anthony Catholic School |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Yale College (wd:Q2599077)                 | Yale College                |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | wd:Q49112                                  | Yale University             |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Harvard Business School (wd:Q49126)        | Harvard Business School     |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | Davenport College (wd:Q5230230)            | Davenport College           |
| New Haven (wd:Q49145) | New Haven          | The Kinkaid School (wd:Q7744702)           | The Kinkaid School          |

[Assistant]
George W. Bush was born in New Haven. He attended several educational institutions including Phillips Academy, St. Anthony Catholic School, Davenport College, and The Kinkaid School, which likely indicate places where he lived as a child.

To summarize, the best available information about where George W. Bush lived as a child includes his place of birth (New Haven) and the locations of his early education.

I will now formulate the final SPARQL query to return this information and provide the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process