PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?formation ?formationLabel ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?item ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?formation wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q736917 .
  {
    ?formation wdt:P17 wd:Q30 .
  } UNION {
    ?formation wdt:P131 ?admin .
    ?admin wdt:P17 wd:Q30 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P921 ?formation .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?formation rdfs:label ?formationLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?formationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?formation ?formationLabel
ORDER BY DESC ( ?count ) ?formationLabel

Using entities:
United States (wd:Q30), also known as America, Merica, Murica, the States, the United States, etc.
geological formation (wd:Q736917), also known as formation, geologic formation

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.
country (wd:P17 as wdt), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
main subject (wd:P921 as wdt), also known as about, artistic theme, /common/topic/subject, content deals with, content describes, etc.

Got 3,271 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| formation                           | formationLabel             | count         |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------- |
| Green River Formation (wd:Q741367)  | Green River Formation (en) | 193 (xsd:int) |
| Marcellus Formation (wd:Q1554536)   | Marcellus Formation (en)   | 116 (xsd:int) |
| Phosphoria Formation (wd:Q7187546)  | Phosphoria Formation (en)  | 82 (xsd:int)  |
| Navajo Sandstone (wd:Q3118347)      | Navajo Sandstone (en)      | 57 (xsd:int)  |
| Pierre Shale (wd:Q7192447)          | Pierre Shale (en)          | 54 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                                 | ...                        | ...           |
| Yellow Springs Group (wd:Q18390274) | Yellow Springs Group (en)  | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yeso Formation (wd:Q18390342)       | Yeso Formation (en)        | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yucca Mountain Tuff (wd:Q76161124)  | Yucca Mountain Tuff (en)   | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zeandale Limestone (wd:Q18390876)   | Zeandale Limestone (en)    | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zia Sand (wd:Q18391072)             | Zia Sand (en)              | 0 (xsd:int)   |

Answer: The query returns geological formations (instances or instances of subclasses of wd:Q736917) that are located in the United States (either P17 = wd:Q30 or P131 with country wd:Q30). For each formation it returns the formation IRI, its English label (if available), and the number of distinct items that have that formation as their main subject (P921). Results are ordered by the count descending and then by the formation label.

What are the formations in the United States of America, along with their labels, and the number of items that have each formation as their main subject? Please order the results by the count in descending order, followed by the item label.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What are the formations in the United States of America, along with their labels, and the number of items that have each formation as their main subject? Please order the results by the count in descending order, followed by the item label.

[Assistant]
I'll first search for the entity representing "formation" (likely "geological formation") and confirm the property for "main subject" (P921). Then I'll search for a property or class indicating "in the United States of America"—usually via "country" (P17) or "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131) or "coordinate location" followed by country. For formations, they should have country P17 = United States (wd:Q30). I'll verify the correct class for formations and then build a SPARQL query that finds formations that are located in the United States (P17 wd:Q30), counts items with that formation as main subject (P921), returns formation IRIs, their labels, and the counts, ordered as requested.

I'll start by searching for "geological formation" in Wikidata to get the correct item Q id.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. geological formation (wd:Q736917), also known as formation, geologic formation: body of rock identified by lithic characteristics and ... or traceable in the subsurface. Smaller than a subgroup / is subclass of lithostratigraphic unit
2. Geological formation near Socola (wd:Q28916514): geological and paleonthological natural monument of Moldova / is instance of geological formation
3. Geological Formations of Iowa (wd:Q61037620): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
4. The Geological Formation of Britain (wd:Q87347008): is instance of radio programme episode / is instance of radio series episode / episode of In Our Time
5. Synchronism of geological formations (wd:Q94559417): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
6. Synchronism of geological formations (wd:Q94544456): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scientific article
7. Synchronism of geological formations (wd:Q80899883): scientific article published on 01 December 1883 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
8. Synchronism of geological formations (wd:Q80870112): scientific article published on 01 January 1884 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. The Synchronism of Geological Formations (wd:Q106950163): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scientific article
10. Geological Relations of Plant Formations (wd:Q113709349): scientific article published in March 1913 / scientific article published in March 1913 / scientific article published in 1913 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query that finds items that are instances (or subclasses' instances) of "geological formation" (wd:Q736917) that are located in the United States (either directly via P17 or via administrative entity P131 whose country is the USA). For each formation I'll count distinct items that have that formation as their main subject (P921). I'll request the English label when available and order by the count descending, then by the label.

Now I'll execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 3,271 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| formation                           | formationLabel             | count         |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------- |
| Green River Formation (wd:Q741367)  | Green River Formation (en) | 193 (xsd:int) |
| Marcellus Formation (wd:Q1554536)   | Marcellus Formation (en)   | 116 (xsd:int) |
| Phosphoria Formation (wd:Q7187546)  | Phosphoria Formation (en)  | 82 (xsd:int)  |
| Navajo Sandstone (wd:Q3118347)      | Navajo Sandstone (en)      | 57 (xsd:int)  |
| Pierre Shale (wd:Q7192447)          | Pierre Shale (en)          | 54 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                                 | ...                        | ...           |
| Yellow Springs Group (wd:Q18390274) | Yellow Springs Group (en)  | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yeso Formation (wd:Q18390342)       | Yeso Formation (en)        | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yucca Mountain Tuff (wd:Q76161124)  | Yucca Mountain Tuff (en)   | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zeandale Limestone (wd:Q18390876)   | Zeandale Limestone (en)    | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zia Sand (wd:Q18391072)             | Zia Sand (en)              | 0 (xsd:int)   |

[Assistant] I'll re-run the SPARQL query I constructed to verify the final results. This query finds items that are instances (or instances of subclasses) of "geological formation" (wd:Q736917), filters formations located in the United States (P17 = wd:Q30 or P131 whose P17 = wd:Q30), counts distinct items that have each formation as their main subject (P921), returns the formation IRIs, English labels (when available), and the counts, ordered by count descending and then by label. I'll now execute it.

[Tool]
Got 3,271 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| formation                           | formationLabel             | count         |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------- |
| Green River Formation (wd:Q741367)  | Green River Formation (en) | 193 (xsd:int) |
| Marcellus Formation (wd:Q1554536)   | Marcellus Formation (en)   | 116 (xsd:int) |
| Phosphoria Formation (wd:Q7187546)  | Phosphoria Formation (en)  | 82 (xsd:int)  |
| Navajo Sandstone (wd:Q3118347)      | Navajo Sandstone (en)      | 57 (xsd:int)  |
| Pierre Shale (wd:Q7192447)          | Pierre Shale (en)          | 54 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                                 | ...                        | ...           |
| Yellow Springs Group (wd:Q18390274) | Yellow Springs Group (en)  | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yeso Formation (wd:Q18390342)       | Yeso Formation (en)        | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Yucca Mountain Tuff (wd:Q76161124)  | Yucca Mountain Tuff (en)   | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zeandale Limestone (wd:Q18390876)   | Zeandale Limestone (en)    | 0 (xsd:int)   |
| Zia Sand (wd:Q18391072)             | Zia Sand (en)              | 0 (xsd:int)   |

[Assistant]
The query executed successfully and returned 3,271 rows. I'll now provide the final SPARQL query and summarize the results as requested: formation IRIs, labels, and counts ordered by count descending and label. I must include the actual SPARQL in the final answer and the answer based on the query results.

I'll now call the answer function with the final SPARQL query and a short textual answer explaining what it returns.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?itemLabel ?coord ?cwgc_id ?foreign_id ?image WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q39614 .
  {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q20 .
  } UNION {
    ?item wdt:P131 * ?admin .
    ?admin wdt:P17 wd:Q20 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P1920 ?cwgc_id .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P8387 ?foreign_id .
  }
  FILTER ( BOUND( ?cwgc_id ) || BOUND( ?foreign_id ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P625 ?coord .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P18 ?image .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?itemLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?itemLabel

Using entities:
Norway (wd:Q20), also known as Kingdom of Norway
cemetery (wd:Q39614), also known as burial ground, burying ground, cemeteries, graveyard, mugwort village

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.
country (wd:P17 as wdt), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17
image (wd:P18 as wdt), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.
CWGC burial ground ID (wd:P1920 as wdt), also known as Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground identifier, CWGC burial ID, CWGC memorial ID, P1920
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.
Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (wd:P8387 as wdt), also known as P8387

Answer:
I executed the query. The result contains 45 distinct cemetery items in Norway that have either a CWGC burial ground ID (P1920) or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (P8387). Each row returns the item IRI, English label (when available), coordinates (P625) if present, the CWGC ID (P1920) if present, the Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (P8387) if present, and an image (P18) if present. Example rows (from the result set):
- wd:Q1413698 — Vestre gravlund — coord: POINT(10.697222 59.931667) — cwgc_id: 2016202 — foreign_id: 360 — image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vestre-gravlund-kapell.jpg
- wd:Q96906604 — Trondheim (Stavne) Cemetery — coord: POINT(10.385100 63.412340) — cwgc_id: 2016203 — foreign_id: 340 — image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stavne%201.jpg
- wd:Q96748372 — Vår Frelsers Cemetery in Haugesund — coord: POINT(5.290570 59.394240) — cwgc_id: 2016225 — foreign_id: 318 — image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapell%20V%C3%A5r%20Frelsers%20gravlund.jpg
- wd:Q97467164 — Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard — coord: POINT(10.700850 60.669530) — cwgc_id: 54260 — foreign_id: 266
- wd:Q55230764 — Vanse church cemetery — coord: POINT(6.693361 58.100583) — cwgc_id: 2016265 — foreign_id: 276 — image: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vanse%20kirke%20042416.JPG

If you want, I can return the full list of 45 items in a table or CSV, or further filter (for example only items with coordinates or only those with CWGC ID).

What are the cemeteries in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID? Please provide their coordinates (if available), the relevant ID (if available), and an image (if available).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What are the cemeteries in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID? Please provide their coordinates (if available), the relevant ID (if available), and an image (if available).

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for relevant properties: "Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID" and "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID" in Wikidata. I will also search for the class/property for cemeteries and Norway country constraint. I'll start by searching for the CWGC burial ground ID property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. CWGC burial ground ID (wd:P1920 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID), also known as Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground identifier, CWGC burial ID, CWGC memorial ID, P1920: identifier for a cemetery, churchyard, or memorial, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission / identifier for a cemetery, churchyard, or memorial, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission
2. CWGC person ID (wd:P1908 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Commonwealth War Graves Commission person identifier), also known as Commonwealth War Graves Commission person ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission person identifier, CWGC person identifier, P1908: identifier for a person, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission
3. Volksbund ID (wd:P6244 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via German War Graves Commission ID), also known as German War Graves Commission ID, P6244: German War Graves Commission cemetery identification
4. Political Graveyard politician ID (wd:P8462 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Political Graveyard ID), also known as Political Graveyard ID, Political Graveyard identifier, The Political Graveyard ID, P8462: identifier for a politician in the Political Graveyard database / identifier for a politician in the Political Graveyard database / identifier for a politician in the Political Graveyard database
5. BillionGraves cemetery ID (wd:P4352 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P4352: identifier for a burial ground, on the BillionGraves website
6. BillionGraves grave ID (wd:P10554 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as BillionGraves person ID, P10554: identifier for a grave, on the BillionGraves website
7. Find a Grave memorial ID (wd:P535 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Find A Grave memorial ID), also known as FaG ID, FaGID, Find A Grave grave ID, Findagrave ID, Find A Grave memorial ID, etc.: identifier of an individual's burial place in the Find a Grave database / the subject's ID in the Find a Grave database
8. Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery ID (wd:P9884 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery identifier), also known as Online Begraafplaatsen cemetery identifier, P9884: identifier for cemeteries listed on Online Begraafplaatsen
9. Find a Grave cemetery ID (wd:P2025 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as FindAGrave cemetery ID, P2025: identifier assigned to a cemetery at Find a Grave / identifier assigned to a cemetery at Find A Grave
10. Geneanet cemetery ID (wd:P9189 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via geneanet.org cemetery identifier), also known as Geneanet cemetery identifier, geneanet.org cemetery ID, geneanet.org cemetery identifier, P9189: numerical identifier for a cemetery on the 'Sauvons nos tombes' project

[Assistant] Next I'll search for a property matching "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID" or similar phrases like "Foreign war churchyards in Norway".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (wd:P8387 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P8387: identifier for foreign war churchyards in Norway
2. Norwegian historical register of persons ID (wd:P4574 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Norway historical ID), also known as HBR ID, Norway historical ID, P4574: Identificator for a person in the Norwegian historical register of persons / Identificator for a person in the Norwegian historical register of persons
3. National Museum Norway artwork ID (wd:P9121 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via National Museum Norway ID), also known as National Museum Norway ID, National Museum Norway work ID, P9121: identifier for an artwork in the Norwegian National Museum collections
4. Church of Norway building ID (wd:P5294 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P5294: identifier for a church building listed by Church of Norway ("Kirkebyggdatabasen")
5. Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID (wd:P11576 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P11576: identification number in the Norwegian prisoner register 1940 -1945 for a detention camp
6. Norwegian historical lexicon ID (wd:P5169 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P5169: identifier of an article in the online historic encyclopedia Norsk historisk leksikon
7. Kulturminne ID (wd:P758 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage database ID), also known as Kulturminne identifier, Lokalitets ID, Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage database ID, P758: Norwegian heritage property identification number of Riksantikvaren (the Directorate for Cultural Heritage)
8. Norwegian Polar Institute place name ID (wd:P5391 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P5391: identifier of a location in the Norwegian Polar Institute's "Place names in Norwegian polar areas" database
9. Norwegian fjord catalog ID (wd:P5170 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P5170: identificator for fjords and sea areas in Norway
10. Norway Database for Statistics on Higher education publisher ID (wd:P1271 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P1271: identifier

[Assistant] I'll search for the Wikidata item for "cemetery" to use as the type (instance of or subclass) constraint. I'll run a search for "cemetery".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. cemetery (wd:Q39614), also known as burial ground, burying ground, cemeteries, graveyard, mugwort village: is subclass of Architectural structure / is subclass of architectural structure / is subclass of architectural ensemble / is instance of geographical feature / is instance of geographical object / is subclass of geographic location / is subclass of location of burial / is subclass of built structure / is instance of building type / is subclass of facility / place of burial
2. Jewish cemetery (wd:Q846659, matched via cemetery), also known as bet kevarot, cemetery, kirkut: is subclass of structure of worship / is subclass of place of worship / cemetery for Jewish people / is subclass of cemetery
3. military cemetery (wd:Q1241568, matched via cemetery), also known as cemetery, revolutionary martyrs’ cemetery, veteran's cemetery, veterans cemetery, war cemetery, etc.: burial place for members of the armed forces or civilians who died during military operations / is subclass of war cemetery / is subclass of cemetery
4. Cemetery (wd:Q248609): 1997 single by Silverchair / is instance of single
5. war cemetery (wd:Q1707610, matched via cemetery), also known as cemetery: cemetery for both civil and military victims of war or tyranny / is subclass of memorial complex / is subclass of cemetery
6. Cemetery (wd:Q40161069): is instance of Architectural structure / is instance of architectural structure / cemetery in Deidesheim, Germany / is instance of built structure
7. cemetery (wd:Q41379931): cultural heritage monument D-6-73-114-91 (0) in Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Bavaria / is instance of cemetery
8. Cemetery (wd:Q15782769): cemetery in Ismaning, Upper Bavaria, Germany / is instance of cemetery
9. cemetery (wd:Q37820179): cultural monument in Mikulov, Teplice District / is instance of cemetery
10. Cemetery (wd:Q73776381): is instance of cemetery

[Assistant] I'll construct a SPARQL query that finds items that are instance of (wdt:P31) or subclass of (wdt:P279) cemetery (wd:Q39614), located in Norway (country wdt:P17 wd:Q20? Wait, country code for Norway is wd:Q20? I should verify Norway entity.). I'll search for Norway.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Norway (wd:Q20), also known as Kingdom of Norway: is instance of sovereign state / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / is instance of country
2. Norway (wd:Q1913264), also known as Norway, IA, Norway, Iowa: is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States / city in Iowa, United States
3. Norway (wd:Q2480177), also known as Norway, MI, Norway, Michigan: city in Dickinson County, Michigan, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
4. Kingdom of Norway (wd:Q2196956, matched via Norway), also known as Norway, Norwegian Empire: is instance of historical country / former Kingdom from 872 to 1397
5. Norway (wd:Q3243583), also known as Norway, SC, Norway, South Carolina: is instance of town in the United States / town in South Carolina
6. Norway (wd:Q2734330), also known as Norway, Maine, Norway, ME: is instance of town in the United States / town in Maine, USA
7. Norway (wd:Q2118814), also known as Norway, IN, Norway, Indiana: is instance of census-designated place in the United States / is instance of census-designated place / census-designated place in Indiana
8. Kingdom of Norway (wd:Q2597352, matched via Norway), also known as Norway, Norwegian Kingdom: short-lived monarchy in Northern Europe (1814) / is instance of historical country
9. Norway (wd:Q944765), also known as Norway, New York, Norway, NY: is instance of town in the United States / is instance of town of New York / town in New York, USA
10. Norway (wd:Q3046928), also known as Norway, WI: is instance of civil town of Wisconsin / town in Wisconsin, USA

[Assistant]
Plan: Build a SPARQL query selecting items that are (P31/wdt:P31) cemetery (wd:Q39614) or maybe subclasses; located in Norway: many items have country (wdt:P17 wd:Q20) or located in administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) within Norway. Better to require wdt:P17 wd:Q20 or wdt:P131* within Norway. But SPARQL property paths can check (wdt:P17/wdt:P17?) Hmm.

Simpler approach: require wdt:P17 wd:Q20 OR wdt:P131 ?location . But to ensure location in Norway maybe use "wdt:P17 wd:Q20" which should exist for many items. But some cemeteries may not have P17 but have coordinate location within Norway. Could use wdt:P625 coordinates and then use wdt:P17 wd:Q20 OR wdt:P131* ? But P131 leads to places; chain path: ?item wdt:P131* ?admin . ?admin wdt:P17 wd:Q20 . That finds items located in administrative territorial entity within Norway. We'll include both: (wdt:P17 wd:Q20) OR (?item wdt:P131* ?admin . ?admin wdt:P17 wd:Q20). Good.

Need items that have either property P1920 (CWGC burial ground ID) or P8387 (Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID). So add FILTER EXISTS for those properties. And return coordinates (wdt:P625), the ID values for P1920 and P8387, and image (wdt:P18).

Also ensure items are instance of cemetery: ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39614 . Using property path: ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39614.

As per rules, must explain thought process before and after each step and function call. So before executing the query, must explain. And must execute final SPARQL query before answering via functions.answer. Also need to show I refined queries? Stepwise—I'll explain plan then call execute.

Construct SPARQL. Let's assemble:

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?coord ?cwgc_id ?foreign_id ?image
WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39614 .
  # location in Norway:
  {
    ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q20 .
  } UNION {
    ?item wdt:P131* ?admin .
    ?admin wdt:P17 wd:Q20 .
  }
  # Either of the IDs
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P1920 ?cwgc_id. }
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P8387 ?foreign_id. }
  FILTER(BOUND(?cwgc_id) || BOUND(?foreign_id))
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P625 ?coord . }
  OPTIONAL { ?item wdt:P18 ?image . }
  OPTIONAL { ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel FILTER(LANG(?itemLabel) = "en") }
}

But must return actual IRIs of items. It's fine. Also note not to use SERVICE wikibase:label.

Better to also get label in any language if English not present, but optional.

Let's run query. I'll provide explanation, then call functions.execute.

I'll run a SPARQL query that finds items which are cemeteries (instance of or subclass of "cemetery" Q39614), are located in Norway (country P17 = Norway Q20 or located within an administrative entity whose country is Norway), and have either the CWGC burial ground ID (P1920) or the Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (P8387). The query will return the item IRIs, optional coordinates (P625), the two IDs if present, and an image (P18) if available. Now I will execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 229 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                         | itemLabel                          | coord                                       | cwgc_id | foreign_id | image |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------- | ----- |
| wd:Q96711187                                 |                                    | POINT(6.268889 62.532000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 150        |       |
| wd:Q96693947                                 |                                    |                                             |         | 446        |       |
| wd:Q96693947                                 |                                    |                                             |         | 446        |       |
| wd:Q96693947                                 |                                    |                                             |         | 446        |       |
| wd:Q96693947                                 |                                    |                                             |         | 446        |       |
| ...                                          | ...                                | ...                                         | ...     | ...        | ...   |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164) | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en) | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |       |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164) | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en) | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |       |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164) | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en) | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |       |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164) | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en) | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |       |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164) | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en) | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |       |

[Assistant] I'll run a refined query that selects distinct cemetery items in Norway that have either P1920 (CWGC burial ground ID) or P8387 (Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID), returning item IRIs, English labels (if available), coordinates (P625), the two IDs, and an image (P18). This removes duplicate rows. I'll execute it now.

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                              | itemLabel                               | coord                                       | cwgc_id | foreign_id | image                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q96711187                                      |                                         | POINT(6.268889 62.532000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 150        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q99355640                                      |                                         | POINT(8.181889 62.911889) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 69         |                                                                                |
| wd:Q97819936                                      |                                         |                                             |         | 134        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q113119655                                     |                                         | POINT(10.052500 61.592500) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016266 | 275        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q96693947                                      |                                         |                                             |         | 446        |                                                                                |
| ...                                               | ...                                     | ...                                         | ...     | ...        | ...                                                                                |
| Trondheim (Stavne) Cemetery (wd:Q96906604)        | Trondheim (Stavne) Cemetery (en)        | POINT(10.385100 63.412340) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016203 | 340        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stavne%201.jpg>                              |
| Vanse church cemetery (wd:Q55230764)              | Vanse church cemetery (en)              | POINT(6.693361 58.100583) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016265 | 276        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vanse%20kirke%20042416.JPG>                  |
| Vår Frelsers Cemetery in Haugesund (wd:Q96748372) | Vår Frelsers Cemetery in Haugesund (en) | POINT(5.290570 59.394240) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016225 | 318        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapell%20V%C3%A5r%20Frelsers%20gravlund.jpg> |
| Vestre gravlund (wd:Q1413698)                     | Vestre gravlund (en)                    | POINT(10.697222 59.931667) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016202 | 360        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vestre-gravlund-kapell.jpg>                  |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164)      | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en)      | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll re-run the final distinct query to obtain the full set of results so I can list each cemetery with its coordinates, CWGC ID (P1920), Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (P8387), and image (P18) where available. Now executing the query again.

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                              | itemLabel                               | coord                                       | cwgc_id | foreign_id | image                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q96711187                                      |                                         | POINT(6.268889 62.532000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 150        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q99355640                                      |                                         | POINT(8.181889 62.911889) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 69         |                                                                                |
| wd:Q97819936                                      |                                         |                                             |         | 134        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q113119655                                     |                                         | POINT(10.052500 61.592500) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016266 | 275        |                                                                                |
| wd:Q96693947                                      |                                         |                                             |         | 446        |                                                                                |
| ...                                               | ...                                     | ...                                         | ...     | ...        | ...                                                                                |
| Trondheim (Stavne) Cemetery (wd:Q96906604)        | Trondheim (Stavne) Cemetery (en)        | POINT(10.385100 63.412340) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016203 | 340        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stavne%201.jpg>                              |
| Vanse church cemetery (wd:Q55230764)              | Vanse church cemetery (en)              | POINT(6.693361 58.100583) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016265 | 276        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vanse%20kirke%20042416.JPG>                  |
| Vår Frelsers Cemetery in Haugesund (wd:Q96748372) | Vår Frelsers Cemetery in Haugesund (en) | POINT(5.290570 59.394240) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016225 | 318        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapell%20V%C3%A5r%20Frelsers%20gravlund.jpg> |
| Vestre gravlund (wd:Q1413698)                     | Vestre gravlund (en)                    | POINT(10.697222 59.931667) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016202 | 360        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vestre-gravlund-kapell.jpg>                  |
| Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (wd:Q97467164)      | Vestre Toten (Aas) Churchyard (en)      | POINT(10.700850 60.669530) (geo:wktLiteral) | 54260   | 266        |                                                                                |

[Assistant] I will provide the final SPARQL query and the answer derived from its results.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?subclass ; separator = ", " ) AS ?subclasses ) WHERE {
  {
    {
      ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 .
    } UNION {
      ?genre wdt:P279 + wd:Q659563 .
    } UNION {
      ?genre wdt:P279 + wd:Q2249149 .
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?genre wdt:P6352 ?olac .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?genreLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac
ORDER BY ?genreLabel
LIMIT 5000

Using entities:
electronic game (wd:Q2249149)
video game genre (wd:Q659563), also known as computer game genre, genre of computer game, genre of video game, type of video game, video game type

Using properties:
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (wd:P6352 as wdt), also known as P6352

Answer:
I ran a query that returns distinct items matching any of these three conditions: (1) instance of video game genre (wd:Q659563), (2) subclass (transitive) of video game genre (wd:Q659563), or (3) subclass (transitive) of electronic game (wd:Q2249149). For each item the query returns:
- ?genre (the item IRI)
- ?genreLabel (English label, if available)
- ?olac (OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID, property P6352, if available)
- ?subclasses (a comma-separated list of direct subclasses (wdt:P279) of the item, if any)

Execution result: the query returned 2,603 distinct items (limited to 5,000). Note: the broad "subclass of electronic game" branch includes many non-genre items (hardware, consoles, specific games, etc.). If you want only items that are clearly genres, I recommend restricting the query to items that are instance of the video game genre class (wd:Q659563) — e.g. change the filter to only ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 — which returns 456 items. Tell me if you want that refined list (only instances), or if you want additional filtering (e.g., only items with OLAC IDs, or only items that are subclasses of electronic game but also subclasses/instances of a genre).

Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available).

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for the Wikidata item for "video game genre" and for "electronic game" (and relevant properties such as "instance of" P31, "subclass of" P279, and the OLAC video game genre vocabulary property if it exists). I'll start by searching entities for "video game genre" and "electronic game".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. video game genre (wd:Q659563), also known as computer game genre, genre of computer game, genre of video game, type of video game, video game type: video game term; categorization of video games / is instance of Wikidata metaclass / is subclass of audiovisual genre / categorization of video games / categorization of video games / is subclass of game genre / is instance of metaclass
2. Video game genre ((Online)Games) (wd:Q126279487): scientific article published in 2021 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. OLAC Video Game Genre Terms (wd:Q132159328): is instance of RDF datatype IRI / rdf datatype
4. OLAC Video Game Genre Vocabulary (wd:Q60440967), also known as OLAC Video Game Vocabulary: controlled vocabulary of video game genres / is instance of controlled vocabulary / is instance of thesaurus
5. Video game genre, evolution and innovation (wd:Q61655372): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scholarly article
6. Facet Analysis of Video Game Genres (wd:Q50192129): scientific article published in March 2014 / scientific article published in March 2014 / scientific article published in March 2014 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
7. Video Game Metadata Schema: Controlled Vocabulary for Gameplay Genre (wd:Q61653431, matched via Video Game Metadata Schema: Controlled Vocabulary for Genre), also known as Video Game Metadata Schema: Controlled Vocabulary for Genre: controlled vocabulary of video game genres / is instance of controlled vocabulary
8. gaming music video (wd:Q63208582, matched via video game music video), also known as GMV, video game music video: usually fan-made music video consisting of clips from video games / is subclass of music video
9. video game (wd:Q7889), also known as computer game, computer games, vg, videogame, videogames: electronic game that involves interaction with a user ... on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor / electronic game that involves interaction with a user ... on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor / electronic game with user interface and visual feedback / is subclass of video games, consoles and accessories / is subclass of entertainment software / is instance of software category / is subclass of audiovisual work / is subclass of electronic game / is instance of type of arts
10. Gulf War (wd:Q37643, matched via Video Game War), also known as First Gulf War, First Iraq War, Gulf War I, Iraq War, Kuwait War, etc.: 1990–1991 conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition / is instance of War / is instance of war

[Assistant] I'll search for the "electronic game" entity in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. electronic game (wd:Q2249149): game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play / game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play / game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play / is subclass of manifestation / is subclass of game
2. handheld electronic game (wd:Q1797918), also known as dedicated handheld, Handheld Electronic LCD, LCD game: small, portable device for playing electronic games / is subclass of handheld game console / is subclass of dedicated console
3. Electronic Games (wd:Q4037983): is instance of magazine / US video game magazine
4. Electronic Game Show (wd:Q8771302), also known as EGS: largest video game convention that takes place in Mexico / is instance of fair / is instance of Fair
5. Electronic mail game (wd:Q128107039)
6. war-themed video game (wd:Q116236667, matched via war-based electronic game), also known as video game about war, war-based electronic game, war video game: is instance of video game theme / is subclass of video game / video game theme
7. portable electronic game (wd:Q117209128): is instance of product category / type of product; game / is subclass of game
8. Electronic games (wd:Q70432532): scientific article published on 01 September 1982 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. Computerized Ping Pong kit (wd:Q112860374, matched via Visulex Electronic Game Kit), also known as Visulex Electronic Game Kit: is subclass of home video game console / is subclass of electronic kit / is instance of product model / Early home video game system / is instance of model
10. Electronic game moment identification (wd:Q123355253): is instance of United States patent / US patent 11344807

[Assistant]
Next, I need to find items that are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games. We'll need to find items (?genre) such that either:
- ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 (instance of video game genre), OR
- ?genre wdt:P279* wd:Q659563 (subclass of video game genre, perhaps transitive), OR
- ?genre wdt:P279* wd:Q2249149 (subclass of electronic game).

We also need the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID for the genre if available. I need to find what property stores the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID. Possibly there's a property like "OLAC vocabulary ID" or "Dublin Core OLAC" — let's search properties for "OLAC" or "OLAC Video Game".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (wd:P6352 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as P6352: identifier of video game genre vocabulary of the OLAC (Online Audiovisual Catalogers)
2. part of the series (wd:P179 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via video game series), also known as collection, episode of, in series, issue of, listed in, etc.: series which contains the subject / series which contains the subject / series which contains the subject / is subproperty of part of
3. Adventure Corner video game ID (wd:P9747 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Adventure Corner video game identifier), also known as Adventure Corner game ID, Adventure Corner game identifier, Adventure Corner ID, Adventure Corner identifier, Adventure Corner video game identifier, etc.: identifier of a video game in the Adventure Corner database
4. Adventure Gamers video game ID (wd:P7005 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn), also known as Adventure Gamers ID, P7005: identifier in the Adventure Gamers database of adventure video games
5. publisher (wd:P123 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via video game publisher), also known as board game publisher, book publisher, comic book publisher, comic publisher, music publisher, etc.: organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software / organisation or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, games or software / organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, games or software
6. developer (wd:P178 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via video game dev), also known as created by, dev, developed by, game dev, game developer, etc.: organisation or person that developed this item / organization or person that developed the item / is subproperty of creator
7. Abandonware-France game series ID (wd:P12257 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via A-F video game series ID), also known as Abandonware-France video game series ID, Abandonware-France videogame series ID, A-F video game series ID, AF video game series ID, P12257: identifier of a video game series in the Abandonware France database
8. expansion of (wd:P8646 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via DLC for), also known as add-on for, add-on of, DLC for, DLC of, P8646: expansion pack of a game (video game, tabletop or board game) / is subproperty of supplement to
9. Family Gaming Database ID (wd:P9118 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via Family Video Game Database ID), also known as Family Video Game Database ID, FVDB ID, TamingGaming, P9118: alphabetical identifier for a video game in the Family Video Game Database
10. PCGamingWiki ID (wd:P6337 as pqn/pqv/wdtn/pr/pq/psv/prn/p/prv/ps/wdt/psn, matched via PC Gaming Wiki), also known as PC Gaming Wiki, PC Gaming Wiki ID, PCGW, PCGW ID, P6337: identifier for PC video games tracked on PCGamingWiki

[Assistant]
Property P6352 is exactly the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID. Next step: build a query to find distinct items that are instances of video game genre, or subclasses of video game genre or electronic game. Need to ensure transitive subclass relation for subclasses (wdt:P279*). Also include the OLAC ID (P6352) if available, and any subclasses (if available) — but be careful: the user asks "Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available)."

Interpretation: We need items that match any of:
- is instance of video game genre (P31 = Q659563)
- is subclass (P279) of video game genre (Q659563) — probably transitive
- is subclass (P279) of electronic game (Q2249149) — transitive

Return for each distinct item:
- the genre (the item IRI)
- the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (P6352) if any
- any subclasses (if available) — so list subclasses of that genre? Or the items that are subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games — user words ambiguous.

Re-read question: "Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available)."

I think they want distinct genres that either are instances of video game genre, or are subclasses of video game genre or electronic game. For each genre, return its OLAC ID and any subclasses of that genre.

So plan:

Find ?genre where:
{
  ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 .
}
UNION
{
  ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q659563 .
}
UNION
{
  ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q2249149 .
}

But careful: wdt:P279+ isn't supported in some endpoints; but Wikidata supports property paths. QLever should support it. Use P279* for transitive including self — but we want subclasses of video game genre or electronic game, not including the classes themselves? If a class equals Q659563 maybe included via instance clause. Using P279* wd:Q659563 will include Q659563 itself via zero-length? But * includes zero-length; + requires one or more. But for subclass relation we want subclasses (not the class itself) — so use wdt:P279+ to require at least one step. For electronic game subclasses use + as well.

But items that are instances of video game genre can be leaves like "first-person shooter" as an instance? Many genres are instances or subclasses maybe. We'll include both.

Now for subclasses of the found ?genre: we need to find any ?subclass such that ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre (direct subclass). Maybe include transitive? The user said "any subclasses (if available)"; probably list direct subclasses. We can include direct subclasses (wdt:P279 ?genre). Also maybe subclasses that are instances of video game genre? But okay.

We must follow step-by-step: explain thought process before and after each function call. So before executing queries, explain thinking, then call functions.execute.

We should probably test initial query to find some results and refine. Let's craft a query retrieving ?genre and optional ?olac (P6352) and optional ?subclass. Use DISTINCT for items. Also include labels? The instruction: queries should return actual IRIs; labels optional and within OPTIONAL. Let's include rdfs:label for readability in en, using filter langMatches? But they said avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use rdfs:label and OPTIONAL FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en"). Ok.

Build query:

SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac ?subclass ?subclassLabel WHERE {
  {
    ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 .
  } UNION {
    ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q659563 .
  } UNION {
    ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q2249149 .
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?genre wdt:P6352 ?olac. }
  OPTIONAL { ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre . }
  OPTIONAL { ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel . FILTER(LANG(?genreLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?subclass rdfs:label ?subclassLabel . FILTER(LANG(?subclassLabel) = "en") }
}

Maybe order by ?genreLabel. But they say do not perform additional computation outside SPARQL; ordering okay.

Let's run it. I'll explain before the call, then call functions.execute.
I'll run a SPARQL SELECT that finds items meeting any of the three criteria (instance of video game genre; subclass of video game genre; subclass of electronic game). For each genre I will optionally retrieve the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (P6352) and any direct subclasses (P279). I'll also fetch English labels for readability. Now I'll execute that query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] The previous query timed out. I'll first run a smaller query to list items that are instances of video game genre (wd:Q659563), retrieving their OLAC ID and English label, limited to 1000 results to avoid timeouts.

[Tool]
Got 456 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                                   | genreLabel                    | olac |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ---- |
| 2.5D platform game (wd:Q116811570)      | 2.5D platform game (en)       |      |
| 2D fighting game (wd:Q127602751)        | 2D fighting game (en)         |      |
| 2D platform game (wd:Q116790414)        | 2D platform game (en)         |      |
| 3D fighting game (wd:Q130270628)        | 3D fighting game (en)         |      |
| 3D platform game (wd:Q116790461)        | 3D platform game (en)         |      |
| ...                                     | ...                           | ...  |
| Western video game (wd:Q11555738)       | Western video game (en)       |      |
| winter sports video game (wd:Q71467408) | winter sports video game (en) |      |
| word video game (wd:Q129212292)         | word video game (en)          |      |
| wrestling video game (wd:Q71443612)     | wrestling video game (en)     |      |
| zero-player game (wd:Q1834370)          | zero-player game (en)         |      |

[Assistant] I'll query for items that are subclasses (transitively) of video game genre (wd:Q659563), retrieving the item IRI, label, and OLAC ID, limited to 5000 to avoid timeouts.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| genre                           | genreLabel            | olac |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---- |
| video game theme (wd:Q42907216) | video game theme (en) |      |

[Assistant]
Only one item appears as subclass of video game genre: 'video game theme' (wd:Q42907216). That seems limited; perhaps many genres are instances rather than subclasses — we already have many instances.

Next, query for items that are subclasses (transitively) of electronic game (wd:Q2249149).

[Tool]
Got 2,585 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                            | genreLabel             | olac |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---- |
| wd:Q11288381                     |                        |      |
| wd:Q11188048                     |                        |      |
| wd:Q11280321                     |                        |      |
| wd:Q11320553                     |                        |      |
| wd:Q10682795                     |                        |      |
| ...                              | ...                    | ...  |
| ZX Spectrum Vega (wd:Q25103632)  | ZX Spectrum Vega (en)  |      |
| ZX Spectrum Vega+ (wd:Q25104558) | ZX Spectrum Vega+ (en) |      |
| К145ИК17 (wd:Q67080352)          | К145ИК17 (en)          |      |
| Кроха (wd:Q112865452)            | Кроха (en)             |      |
| СУ-А (wd:Q132743841)             | СУ-А (en)              |      |

[Assistant]
There are many subclasses of electronic game, including many hardware items which are not genres. We need to constrain to items that are "video game genres" instances or subclasses of video game genre or subclasses of electronic game — but the wording suggests "instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games". That is union of three sets: instances of video game genre; subclasses of video game genre; subclasses of electronic game. But subclasses of electronic game yields many non-genre items (consoles, etc.). The user likely wants items that are genres or subclasses of genres; including subclasses of electronic game might bring in genre classes? But many subclasses of electronic game are specific types of games, including game genre classes — but many are hardware and platforms. We need to filter subclasses of electronic game to those that are also (directly or indirectly) video game genres or video games? The user's text ambiguous.

Reread: "Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available)."

They want distinct items that satisfy any of: instance of video game genre OR subclass of video game genre OR subclass of electronic game. So indeed include subclasses of electronic game even if not genre. But they ask to "return the genre" — so maybe they expect actual genres. So it's probably better to interpret as: find items that represent genres — either they are instances of video game genre, or they are subclasses of video game genres or subclasses of electronic games that are also genres. Maybe we should narrow to items that are either instance or subclass and are subclasses of "genre" class? Could check if item is subclass of 'genre' (Q188451) or 'game genre' (Q201913) or 'audio-visual genre'. But initial search found Q659563 is "video game genre". Items that are subclass of electronic game but are genre would likely be subclass of 'video game' or 'video game genre'? Hmm.

Alternate approach: define genres as items that either have instance of video game genre or are subclass of 'genre' or 'video game' and maybe instance of 'genre'. Simpler: find items that are instances of Q659563 OR have wdt:P279* to Q659563 OR have wdt:P31 subclass-of? But earlier subclass search returned only one item for P279+ Q659563, meaning few classes are subclass of the video game genre class.

Maybe the data modeling: many genre items are instances of Q659563 (we saw 456 rows). That's likely the main set. Additionally, some genre-like items might be subclasses of electronic game AND instances of something else. But pulling all subclasses of electronic game yields too many irrelevant items.

I should ask clarification. But instructions require to produce SPARQL query to answer question. Could produce a query to return the union: instances of Q659563 OR subclasses of Q659563 OR subclasses of Q2249149 — but include a filter to include only those that are instances of 'genre' or that have "genre" in their English label? But can't rely on label heuristics.

User likely expects a list of video game genres and their OLAC IDs and subclasses. So best to return:

- Items ?genre where (?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563) OR (?genre wdt:P279 wd:Q659563) OR (?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q2249149 && ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q201445 maybe?) Not sure.

Given ambiguity, I'll proceed with union as originally and include OPTIONAL check for subclasses. But restrict subclass-of-electronic-game branch to include only items that are also instance of 'video game genre' or subclass of 'video game genre' — but then it's redundant. Hmm.

Check: maybe there are items that are subclass of electronic game and also subclass of video game genre; our union will include them due to the video game genre subclass clause.

Given time, I'll implement the originally intended union: (P31=Q659563) OR (P279+ Q659563) OR (P279+ Q2249149). Then include optional P6352 and optional direct subclasses (wdt:P279 ?subclass). But to avoid huge result set with lots of non-genre items from electronic game subclasses (2,585 rows), maybe we filter to items that have an English label AND are not instances of hardware? But can't hardcode.

User didn't specify limit; perhaps they expect many results. But endpoint earlier timed out; but executing with LIMIT and ordering might succeed. But previous query with unions timed out; we ran separate queries which succeeded. Let's try building the full union but with LIMIT 5000 and ordering. Also include DISTINCT.

Construct final query:

SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?subclass; separator="|") AS ?subclasses) WHERE {
  ?genre ?p ?o . [ but we need union... ]
Better to use subquery to collect subclasses:

{
  SELECT DISTINCT ?genre WHERE {
    { ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563. }
    UNION { ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q659563. }
    UNION { ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q2249149. }
  }
}
OPTIONAL { ?genre wdt:P6352 ?olac. }
OPTIONAL { ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre. }
OPTIONAL { ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel FILTER(lang(?genreLabel)="en") }
OPTIONAL { ?subclass rdfs:label ?subclassLabel FILTER(lang(?subclassLabel)="en") }

But to combine subclasses into a single cell we use GROUP_CONCAT; it's allowed: GROUP BY ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?subclass; separator=", ") AS ?subclasses and maybe include labels? But guidelines: avoid additional computation? Aggregation is allowed in SPARQL. They didn't forbid. Okay.

Let's craft:

SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?subclass; separator=", ") AS ?subclasses) WHERE {
  {
    { ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563. } UNION { ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q659563. } UNION { ?genre wdt:P279+ wd:Q2249149. }
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?genre wdt:P6352 ?olac. }
  OPTIONAL { ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre. }
  OPTIONAL { ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel . FILTER(LANG(?genreLabel) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?genre ?genreLabel ?olac
ORDER BY ?genreLabel
LIMIT 5000

This returns genres and their subclasses (IRIs). But GROUP_CONCAT will produce IRIs; good. Let's run it. Explain before call.
I'll run a combined query that finds all distinct items matching any of the three criteria (instance of video game genre; subclass (transitive) of video game genre; subclass (transitive) of electronic game). For each item I'll retrieve the optional OLAC ID (P6352), the English label, and aggregate any direct subclasses (wdt:P279) as a single concatenated field. I'll limit results to 5000 to avoid timeouts. Now I'll execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 2,603 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                            | genreLabel             | olac | subclasses |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---- | ---------- |
| wd:Q11288381                     |                        |      |            |
| wd:Q11496074                     |                        |      |            |
| wd:Q10468549                     |                        |      |            |
| wd:Q11188048                     |                        |      |            |
| wd:Q10600997                     |                        |      |            |
| ...                              | ...                    | ...  | ...        |
| ZX Spectrum Vega (wd:Q25103632)  | ZX Spectrum Vega (en)  |      |            |
| ZX Spectrum Vega+ (wd:Q25104558) | ZX Spectrum Vega+ (en) |      |            |
| К145ИК17 (wd:Q67080352)          | К145ИК17 (en)          |      |            |
| Кроха (wd:Q112865452)            | Кроха (en)             |      |            |
| СУ-А (wd:Q132743841)             | СУ-А (en)              |      |            |

[Tool] Stopping