PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?country ?flag ?population ( SAMPLE( ?label ) AS ?countryLabel ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P41 ?flag
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P1082 ?population
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?country ?flag ?population
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )

Got 197 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                              | flag                                                                                | population               | countryLabel                    |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China.svg> | 1442965000 (xsd:decimal) | People's Republic of China (en) |
| India (wd:Q668)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20India.svg>                                    | 1326093247 (xsd:decimal) | India (en)                      |
| United States (wd:Q30)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20United%20States.svg>                    | 340110988 (xsd:decimal)  | United States (en)              |
| Indonesia (wd:Q252)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Indonesia.svg>                                | 275439000 (xsd:decimal)  | Indonesia (en)                  |
| Pakistan (wd:Q843)                   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Pakistan.svg>                                 | 223773700 (xsd:decimal)  | Pakistan (en)                   |
| ...                                  | ...                                                                                | ...                      | ...                             |
| Persia (wd:Q125422413)               |                                                                                |                          | Persia (en)                     |
| Riviera di San Giulio (wd:Q3937987)  |                                                                                |                          | Riviera di San Giulio (en)      |
| Tarshish (wd:Q44826)                 |                                                                                |                          | Tarshish (en)                   |
| Republic of Haiti (wd:Q97704156)     |                                                                                |                          | Republic of Haiti (en)          |
| Republic of Cuba (wd:Q14905932)      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Cuba%20%28sky%20blue%29.svg>                  |                          | Republic of Cuba (en)           |

Here are the countries, their flag images, and populations, ordered by descending population. Each result includes the country IRI, flag image (if available), and population (if available). For example: China, India, United States, Indonesia, and Pakistan are the most populous countries, each with their flag image and population shown in the results.

What are the countries along with images of their flags and their populations, ordered by descending population?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian with notes:
1. For P39 legislative memberships, filter by pq:P2937 (legislative term) on the p:P39 statement; don’t use P793 for term filtering. For UK MPs, avoid a generic Q16707842-only scan; rely on term qualifiers and proper date overlap on pq:P580/pq:P582.
2. For residence (P551), time bounds are qualifiers on the statement: p:P551/ps:P551 place, pq:P580 start, pq:P582 end. To include containing areas (e.g., NYC boroughs), expand via wdt:P551/wdt:P131*. Durations usually need client-side calc on QLever.
3. Ticker symbols are pq:P249 on p:P414 statements; query via the statement node (?org p:P414 ?st . ?st ps:P414 ?ex ; pq:P249 ?ticker). Use VALUES to pre-limit orgs/exchanges. Don’t expect wdt:P249 on the org. Prefer qualifiers for time-bound tickers.
4. Archives: use p:P485/ps:P485 for the holding institution. Inventory numbers are qualifiers pq:P217 on that P485 statement. Don’t expect wdt:P217 directly on the person/work. “Archive descriptions” may be separate collection items (P195).
5. When listing contained municipalities or similar, prefer wdt:P150* (has parts) from the parent to enumerate children, then join other relations (e.g., twin towns via wdt:P190). Avoid broad wdt:P131+ scans from children; they are slow and can timeout.
6. On QLever, avoid SERVICE wikibase:label (frequent 301). Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters or fetch QIDs then labels separately. For property mapping, (?prop wikibase:directClaim ?p). Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts.
7. Employer constraints: to find people employed by UN or international orgs, use wdt:P108 directly for UN (wd:Q1065), or traverse employer to part of (wdt:P361*) UN, or employer wdt:P31 wd:Q484652 (international organization). Combine with other occupations.
8. For sports/events/editions, prefer explicit edition items (e.g., Q47345468) with wdt:P361 linking to the parent series/tour and filter by wdt:P585/P571 for year; avoid P641/P2139 that model sports played or participants, not the edition metadata.
9. For author/creator queries, use occupation wdt:P106 (e.g., author/writer) rather than P31 typing. To list works, prefer the reverse path ^wdt:P50 ?work; P800 (notable work) is incomplete and curated, not a full bibliography.
10. Awards: use p:P166/ps:P166 and constrain award via wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to a target class (e.g., Cannes awards Q28444913). Recipients can be films or people; don’t assume film-specific properties exist. Count/group by recipient type if needed.
11. To select current/active codes or memberships on QLever, use statement nodes (p:/ps:) and MINUS { ?st pq:P582 [] }. For time series counts (e.g., daily members), generate a date series (VALUES/UNNEST), then test overlap with pq:P580/pq:P582 per date.
12. For people’s native names, use wdt:P1559 (name in native language) on the person, not rdfs:label. Return multiple if multiple native languages exist; pick a preferred language client-side if needed.
13. For multi-valued props (e.g., P1082), GROUP BY entity and aggregate (MAX/MIN/SAMPLE) to avoid duplicates; DISTINCT won’t collapse multiple statements. For category/gender counts, prefer indicator sums: SUM(IF(cond,1,0)) over COUNT on OPTIONAL vars.
14. Avoid SERVICE wikibase:label on QLever; it often 301s. Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters, or fetch QIDs first and labels in a follow-up. Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts when joining many labels.
15. For P551 duration comparisons, avoid unsupported date arithmetic. If needed, compute overlaps client-side. On-endpoint, you can only compare presence/counts or use simple MIN/MAX of dates (casting and arithmetic are limited in QLever).
16. When excluding specific entities from a relation (e.g., siblings), use FILTER to drop explicit QIDs or FILTER NOT EXISTS with a VALUES list. Ensure you use the exact sibling QIDs returned by the KG, not assumed ones.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. When checking date interval overlaps, handle open intervals (missing start/end) and use xsd:dateTime. Use OR conditions to cover start within, end within, or spanning the whole range.
2. For P39 queries, qualifiers (e.g., P2937 term, P768 electoral district, P4100 parliamentary group) live on the p:P39 statement node. Do not expect them as wdt: properties on the person or use ps: for non-main values.
3. To get sitelink counts, use wikibase:sitelinks on the entity; it returns a single numeric value, so GROUP BY the entity and avoid COUNT over ?sitelink.
4. Use subclass expansion for types: wdt:P31/wdt:P279* target (e.g., dams, educational institutions). This captures items modeled with subclasses.
5. For locations, prefer hierarchies via wdt:P131+ to reach a containing region/state, and wdt:P17 for country. If HQ is a building, P159 ps points to a city; specific site is qualifier pq:P276 on the P159 statement.
6. When excluding or selecting by a legislative term on P39, check pq:P2937 on the relevant statement. Use FILTER NOT EXISTS over p:P39 with ps:P39 target and pq:P2937 value to exclude a term.
7. QLever endpoints may not support Wikidata’s “WITH {…} AS %name” and “INCLUDE %name” syntax. Avoid named subqueries; use nested SELECTs or VALUES instead.
8. The wikibase:label SERVICE often fails on QLever. Prefer rdfs:label with FILTER(LANG(..)="en") or get QIDs only and resolve labels client-side.
9. Avoid COUNT over OPTIONAL variables that may be unbound for all rows; prefer EXISTS/BOUND checks or aggregate over DISTINCT entities to prevent misleading zeros.
10. On QLever, heavy OPTIONAL label/property joins often time out. Pre-limit with a subselect/VALUES over IDs (ORDER BY + LIMIT), then join labels/properties. Or fetch QIDs first and labels in a second, smaller query.
11. For precise date filtering on Wikidata (birth/death), prefer p/psv time nodes and wikibase:timeValue plus timePrecision checks over wdt:P569/P570 to include values with year/month precision and avoid silent drops.
12. When filtering by exact day of birth or event, avoid STRSTARTS on wdt:P569; instead bound an interval [day, next day) with xsd:dateTime to include all precisions. On QLever, add hint:Prior hint:rangeSafe true to improve performance on time ranges.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the countries along with images of their flags and their populations, ordered by descending population?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find all countries.
2. For each country, we want:
   - The country entity (QID/IRI)
   - An image of its flag
   - Its population
3. We want to order the results by population, descending.

Step 1: Find the entity for "country" and the relevant properties.
- "country" is likely wd:Q6256.
- Population property is likely wdt:P1082.
- Flag image property is likely wdt:P41.

Let's verify these assumptions.

Step 2: Search for the property for "population".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as human population, inhabitants (wd:P1082 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, subproperty of population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as wikimedia entity populating this category, populated by, component adding into the category, category has template, category filled by (wd:P4329 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, subproperty of population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, subproperty of population
9. male population, also known as number of males, male inhabitants (wd:P1540 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, subproperty of population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The property for "population" is confirmed as wdt:P1082.

Step 3: Search for the property for "flag image".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. flag image, also known as image flag, image of flag (wd:P41 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): image of the item's flag, subproperty of image, subproperty of flag
2. symbol of, also known as symbolises, symbolizes, seal of, logo of, emblem of (wd:P8058 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): item of which the image is a symbol
3. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): subject's flag
4. country of registry, also known as flag of convenience, flag state, ship's flag (wd:P8047 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): country where a ship is or has been registered, subproperty of country
5. flag bearer (wd:P3022 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): person who carries the national flag of their country at an opening or closing ceremony
6. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, subproperty of image
7. seal image, also known as emblem, seal, emblem image (wd:P158 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): image of subject's seal (emblem), subproperty of image
8. electoral symbol, also known as election symbol, political symbol (wd:P12650 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): symbol allocated to a political party or candidate for use on ballots
9. image of function, also known as function image, range, image, function range (wd:P2396 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): set of values that a mathematical function actually takes
10. spherical panorama image, also known as 360° panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, subproperty of panoramic view

[Assistant]
The property for "flag image" is confirmed as wdt:P41.

Step 4: Confirm the entity for "country" and how to select all countries.

Usually, countries are instances of "country" (wd:Q6256), so we can use:
?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256

Step 5: Build the initial SPARQL query to get:
- The country (?country)
- Its flag image (?flag)
- Its population (?population)

Order by descending population.

Optionally, add labels for countries.

Let's write the query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: The target ?countryLabel of an AS clause was already used in the query body.

[Assistant]
The error is because ?countryLabel is used in the OPTIONAL and then again in the SAMPLE(?countryLabel) AS ?countryLabel. To fix this, I should use a different variable for the label in the OPTIONAL and then aggregate it.

Let me adjust the query to use ?label in the OPTIONAL and then SAMPLE(?label) AS ?countryLabel in the SELECT.

[Tool]
Got 197 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                              | flag                                                                                | population               | countryLabel                    |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China.svg> | 1442965000 (xsd:decimal) | People's Republic of China (en) |
| India (wd:Q668)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20India.svg>                                    | 1326093247 (xsd:decimal) | India (en)                      |
| United States (wd:Q30)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20United%20States.svg>                    | 340110988 (xsd:decimal)  | United States (en)              |
| Indonesia (wd:Q252)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Indonesia.svg>                                | 275439000 (xsd:decimal)  | Indonesia (en)                  |
| Pakistan (wd:Q843)                   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Pakistan.svg>                                 | 223773700 (xsd:decimal)  | Pakistan (en)                   |
| ...                                  | ...                                                                                | ...                      | ...                             |
| Persia (wd:Q125422413)               |                                                                                |                          | Persia (en)                     |
| Riviera di San Giulio (wd:Q3937987)  |                                                                                |                          | Riviera di San Giulio (en)      |
| Tarshish (wd:Q44826)                 |                                                                                |                          | Tarshish (en)                   |
| Republic of Haiti (wd:Q97704156)     |                                                                                |                          | Republic of Haiti (en)          |
| Republic of Cuba (wd:Q14905932)      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Cuba%20%28sky%20blue%29.svg>                  |                          | Republic of Cuba (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?painting ?label_de WHERE {
  ?painting wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q3305213 .
  ?painting wdt:P195 wd:Q812285 .
  ?painting rdfs:label ?label_de .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label_de ) = "de" ) FILTER ( STRENDS( ?label_de , ")" ) )
}
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| painting                             | label_de                                                         |
| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q30067944                         | Wildbach im Plauenschen Grund (Norwegische Flusslandschaft) (de) |
| wd:Q29916687                         | Concetto Spazial, Attese (59 T 132 ) (de)                        |
| wd:Q29916695                         | Concetto spaziale, Barochi (56 BA 15) (de)                       |
| wd:Q29916698                         | Concetto spaziale, Olii (62 O 58) (de)                           |
| wd:Q29916703                         | Concordiahaus (Im Mondlicht) (de)                                |
| ...                                  | ...                                                              |
| wd:Q29908827                         | David mit dem Haupt des Goliath (?) (de)                         |
| The Flight into Egypt (wd:Q29907478) | Ruhe auf der Flucht nach Ägypten (Umkreis) (de)                  |
| wd:Q29907462                         | Lofotenbild (Badende am Meer) (de)                               |
| wd:Q29908885                         | Der barmherzige Samariter (zugeschrieben) (de)                   |
| wd:Q29908878                         | Der Aufmarsch vor Dinant, 1675 (und Werkstatt) (de)              |

These are paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections whose German labels end with ")". Examples include:
- wd:Q30067944: Wildbach im Plauenschen Grund (Norwegische Flusslandschaft) (de)
- wd:Q29916687: Concetto Spazial, Attese (59 T 132 ) (de)
- wd:Q29916695: Concetto spaziale, Barochi (56 BA 15) (de)
- wd:Q29916698: Concetto spaziale, Olii (62 O 58) (de)
- wd:Q29916703: Concordiahaus (Im Mondlicht) (de)
- wd:Q29908827: David mit dem Haupt des Goliath (?) (de)
- wd:Q29907478: Ruhe auf der Flucht nach Ägypten (Umkreis) (de)
- wd:Q29907462: Lofotenbild (Badende am Meer) (de)
- wd:Q29908885: Der barmherzige Samariter (zugeschrieben) (de)
- wd:Q29908878: Der Aufmarsch vor Dinant, 1675 (und Werkstatt) (de)

The query returns up to 100 such paintings with their German labels.

What are the paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections with labels in German that end in ")"?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian with notes:
1. For P39 legislative memberships, filter by pq:P2937 (legislative term) on the p:P39 statement; don’t use P793 for term filtering. For UK MPs, avoid a generic Q16707842-only scan; rely on term qualifiers and proper date overlap on pq:P580/pq:P582.
2. For residence (P551), time bounds are qualifiers on the statement: p:P551/ps:P551 place, pq:P580 start, pq:P582 end. To include containing areas (e.g., NYC boroughs), expand via wdt:P551/wdt:P131*. Durations usually need client-side calc on QLever.
3. Ticker symbols are pq:P249 on p:P414 statements; query via the statement node (?org p:P414 ?st . ?st ps:P414 ?ex ; pq:P249 ?ticker). Use VALUES to pre-limit orgs/exchanges. Don’t expect wdt:P249 on the org. Prefer qualifiers for time-bound tickers.
4. Archives: use p:P485/ps:P485 for the holding institution. Inventory numbers are qualifiers pq:P217 on that P485 statement. Don’t expect wdt:P217 directly on the person/work. “Archive descriptions” may be separate collection items (P195).
5. When listing contained municipalities or similar, prefer wdt:P150* (has parts) from the parent to enumerate children, then join other relations (e.g., twin towns via wdt:P190). Avoid broad wdt:P131+ scans from children; they are slow and can timeout.
6. On QLever, avoid SERVICE wikibase:label (frequent 301). Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters or fetch QIDs then labels separately. For property mapping, (?prop wikibase:directClaim ?p). Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts.
7. Employer constraints: to find people employed by UN or international orgs, use wdt:P108 directly for UN (wd:Q1065), or traverse employer to part of (wdt:P361*) UN, or employer wdt:P31 wd:Q484652 (international organization). Combine with other occupations.
8. For sports/events/editions, prefer explicit edition items (e.g., Q47345468) with wdt:P361 linking to the parent series/tour and filter by wdt:P585/P571 for year; avoid P641/P2139 that model sports played or participants, not the edition metadata.
9. For author/creator queries, use occupation wdt:P106 (e.g., author/writer) rather than P31 typing. To list works, prefer the reverse path ^wdt:P50 ?work; P800 (notable work) is incomplete and curated, not a full bibliography.
10. Awards: use p:P166/ps:P166 and constrain award via wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to a target class (e.g., Cannes awards Q28444913). Recipients can be films or people; don’t assume film-specific properties exist. Count/group by recipient type if needed.
11. To select current/active codes or memberships on QLever, use statement nodes (p:/ps:) and MINUS { ?st pq:P582 [] }. For time series counts (e.g., daily members), generate a date series (VALUES/UNNEST), then test overlap with pq:P580/pq:P582 per date.
12. For people’s native names, use wdt:P1559 (name in native language) on the person, not rdfs:label. Return multiple if multiple native languages exist; pick a preferred language client-side if needed.
13. For multi-valued props (e.g., P1082), GROUP BY entity and aggregate (MAX/MIN/SAMPLE) to avoid duplicates; DISTINCT won’t collapse multiple statements. For category/gender counts, prefer indicator sums: SUM(IF(cond,1,0)) over COUNT on OPTIONAL vars.
14. Avoid SERVICE wikibase:label on QLever; it often 301s. Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters, or fetch QIDs first and labels in a follow-up. Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts when joining many labels.
15. For P551 duration comparisons, avoid unsupported date arithmetic. If needed, compute overlaps client-side. On-endpoint, you can only compare presence/counts or use simple MIN/MAX of dates (casting and arithmetic are limited in QLever).
16. When excluding specific entities from a relation (e.g., siblings), use FILTER to drop explicit QIDs or FILTER NOT EXISTS with a VALUES list. Ensure you use the exact sibling QIDs returned by the KG, not assumed ones.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. When checking date interval overlaps, handle open intervals (missing start/end) and use xsd:dateTime. Use OR conditions to cover start within, end within, or spanning the whole range.
2. For P39 queries, qualifiers (e.g., P2937 term, P768 electoral district, P4100 parliamentary group) live on the p:P39 statement node. Do not expect them as wdt: properties on the person or use ps: for non-main values.
3. To get sitelink counts, use wikibase:sitelinks on the entity; it returns a single numeric value, so GROUP BY the entity and avoid COUNT over ?sitelink.
4. Use subclass expansion for types: wdt:P31/wdt:P279* target (e.g., dams, educational institutions). This captures items modeled with subclasses.
5. For locations, prefer hierarchies via wdt:P131+ to reach a containing region/state, and wdt:P17 for country. If HQ is a building, P159 ps points to a city; specific site is qualifier pq:P276 on the P159 statement.
6. When excluding or selecting by a legislative term on P39, check pq:P2937 on the relevant statement. Use FILTER NOT EXISTS over p:P39 with ps:P39 target and pq:P2937 value to exclude a term.
7. QLever endpoints may not support Wikidata’s “WITH {…} AS %name” and “INCLUDE %name” syntax. Avoid named subqueries; use nested SELECTs or VALUES instead.
8. The wikibase:label SERVICE often fails on QLever. Prefer rdfs:label with FILTER(LANG(..)="en") or get QIDs only and resolve labels client-side.
9. Avoid COUNT over OPTIONAL variables that may be unbound for all rows; prefer EXISTS/BOUND checks or aggregate over DISTINCT entities to prevent misleading zeros.
10. On QLever, heavy OPTIONAL label/property joins often time out. Pre-limit with a subselect/VALUES over IDs (ORDER BY + LIMIT), then join labels/properties. Or fetch QIDs first and labels in a second, smaller query.
11. For precise date filtering on Wikidata (birth/death), prefer p/psv time nodes and wikibase:timeValue plus timePrecision checks over wdt:P569/P570 to include values with year/month precision and avoid silent drops.
12. When filtering by exact day of birth or event, avoid STRSTARTS on wdt:P569; instead bound an interval [day, next day) with xsd:dateTime to include all precisions. On QLever, add hint:Prior hint:rangeSafe true to improve performance on time ranges.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections with labels in German that end in ")"?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for paintings ("paintings" as an entity type).
2. These paintings must be part of the "Bavarian State Painting Collections".
3. The German label (rdfs:label with LANG="de") of the painting must end with a closing parenthesis ")".

Step 1: Identify the entity for "Bavarian State Painting Collections".
Step 2: Identify the property for "collection" or "part of collection".
Step 3: Identify the entity for "painting".
Step 4: Build a query that finds paintings in the collection, with a German label ending in ")".

Let's start by searching for "Bavarian State Painting Collections".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bavarian State Painting Collections, also known as Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, BStGS, Centralgemäldegaleriedirektion (wd:Q812285): artworks held by the Free State of Bavaria for Alte Pinakothek, Aschaffenburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Schleissheim and others, instance of art collection, instance of art museum
2. Bavarian State Painting Collections Online Collection, also known as Bavarian State Painting Collections Online Collection, Online Collection of the Bavarian State Painting Collections (wd:Q111321393): instance of online collection, instance of online database
3. Pinakothek artist ID, also known as Pinakothek artist identifier, Bavarian State Painting Collections artist identifier, Bavarian State Painting Collections artist ID (wd:P4025): instance of Wikidata property for authority control for artists, identifier in the Pinakothek collection
4. Pinakothek artwork ID, also known as Bavarian State Painting Collections artwork ID (wd:P8948): identifier for an artwork on the Bavarian State Painting Collections website, instance of Wikidata property to identify artworks
5. Five Paintings from the Bavarian State Paintings Collections (wd:Q115038818): 1976–1978 Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum, instance of art exhibition
6. locations of the Bavarian State ...ctions with works not on display, also known as BStGS depot (wd:Q29343881): instance of museum storage
7. Bavarian State Library, also known as BSB, bsb-muenchen.de, Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (wd:Q256507): instance of United Nations Depository Library, state library of the Free State of Bavaria, instance of state library of Germany, instance of reference library, instance of universal library, instance of research library
8. Bavarian State Opera (wd:Q681931): opera company in Munich, Germany, instance of opera company
9. Bavarian State Orchestra, also known as Bavarian State Opera Orchestra (wd:Q683117): instance of orchestra, orchestra
10. Bavarian State Chancellery (wd:Q812286): instance of German state agency, instance of State Chancellery, Bavarian state agency

[Assistant]
The main entity for "Bavarian State Painting Collections" is wd:Q812285.

Next, we need to find the property that links a painting to this collection. This is likely "collection" or "part of collection". Let's search for properties related to "collection".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. collection, also known as series, repository, museum collection, held by, GLAM (wd:P195 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): art, museum, archival, or bibliographic collection of which the subject is part, subproperty of part of
2. part of the series, also known as video game series, subseries, series, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): series which contains the subject, subproperty of part of
3. has works in the collection, also known as items in collection, works in collection, work in collection, museum housing this person's work, items in the collection (wd:P6379 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): collection that has works of this person or organisation (use archives at [P485] for archives)
4. collection items at, also known as collection objects at, collections at, specimens at (wd:P11146 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): institution (museum, collection, etc.) holding items (specimens ...ubject (e.g. site). (use archive location P485 for the archives)
5. online catalog URL, also known as catalog online, catalog URL, collection online, online collection, OPAC URL (wd:P8768 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): URL of the website where an item's catalog can be browsed
6. collection or exhibition size, also known as number of objects, size of exhibition, size of collection, exhibition size, number of records (wd:P1436 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): number of items in a collection or exhibition
7. type of document(s) held, also known as type of artefact(s) held, type of material in archive, type of material in collection, type of material in documentation file(s), type of resources held (wd:P11868 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): used to specify the type of document(s) contained in an archival collection or documentation file
8. catalogue raisonné, also known as reasoned catalogue, artist catalogue, artist catalog, Art Catalog (wd:P9969 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media., subproperty of catalog
9. collection creator, also known as archive creator, creator, collector, collected by, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
10. curriculum vitae URL, also known as curriculum vitae, résumé URL, resume URL, résumé, resume (wd:P8214 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): URL of the subject's curriculum vitae, subproperty of URL

[Assistant]
The property "collection" (wd:P195) is the correct one to link an artwork to the Bavarian State Painting Collections (wd:Q812285).

Next, we need to ensure we are only selecting paintings. Let's search for the entity for "painting".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. art of painting, also known as to paint, painting (wd:Q11629)
2. painting, also known as paintings, painting (object) (wd:Q3305213)
3. painting (wd:Q3374341)
4. The Eight, also known as Painting (wd:Q652003): instance of art group, Hungarian art group
5. The Painting, also known as Le Tableau, Painting (wd:Q617969): 2011 film by Jean-François Laguionie, instance of animated film
6. Painting, also known as Painting 1946 (wd:Q2898215): painting by Francis Bacon, instance of painting
7. Painting (wd:Q7125071): 2013 album by Ocean Colour Scene, instance of album
8. Painting (wd:Q12898771): painting by Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, instance of painting
9. Painting (wd:Q10349893): painting by Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso, instance of painting
10. Painting (wd:Q37545359): instance of family name, family name

[Assistant]
The entity for "painting" as an object is wd:Q3305213.

Now, let's summarize:
- We want items with wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q3305213 (instance of/subclass of painting).
- These items should have wdt:P195 wd:Q812285 (in collection Bavarian State Painting Collections).
- Their German label (rdfs:label with LANG="de") should end with ")".

Let's build a SPARQL query to find such paintings and their German labels.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| painting                             | label_de                                                         |
| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q30067944                         | Wildbach im Plauenschen Grund (Norwegische Flusslandschaft) (de) |
| wd:Q29916687                         | Concetto Spazial, Attese (59 T 132 ) (de)                        |
| wd:Q29916695                         | Concetto spaziale, Barochi (56 BA 15) (de)                       |
| wd:Q29916698                         | Concetto spaziale, Olii (62 O 58) (de)                           |
| wd:Q29916703                         | Concordiahaus (Im Mondlicht) (de)                                |
| ...                                  | ...                                                              |
| wd:Q29908827                         | David mit dem Haupt des Goliath (?) (de)                         |
| The Flight into Egypt (wd:Q29907478) | Ruhe auf der Flucht nach Ägypten (Umkreis) (de)                  |
| wd:Q29907462                         | Lofotenbild (Badende am Meer) (de)                               |
| wd:Q29908885                         | Der barmherzige Samariter (zugeschrieben) (de)                   |
| wd:Q29908878                         | Der Aufmarsch vor Dinant, 1675 (und Werkstatt) (de)              |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?dob ?birthplace ?birthplaceLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P106 ?occupation .
  VALUES ?occupation {
    wd:Q482980 wd:Q36180 wd:Q6625963 wd:Q49757 wd:Q214917
  }
  ?person wdt:P27 wd:Q30 .
  ?person wdt:P19 ?birthplace .
  ?birthplace wdt:P131 * wd:Q771 .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?dob .
  FILTER ( ?dob > "1919-12-31T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?person wdt:P570 ?dod
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?birthplace rdfs:label ?birthplaceLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?birthplaceLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?dob
LIMIT 50

Got 50 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | personLabel             | dob                                 | birthplace              | birthplaceLabel  |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)  | George Sullivan (en)    | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Lowell (wd:Q49162)      | Lowell (en)      |
| Robert A. Davies (wd:Q107253820) | Robert A. Davies (en)   | 1928-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)   | Cambridge (en)   |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)       | Robert Coles (en)       | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Bambi Jones (wd:Q4853375)        | Bambi Jones (en)        | 1931-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Holyoke (wd:Q1637790)   | Holyoke (en)     |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)     | Larry Ruttman (en)      | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| ...                              | ...                     | ...                                 | ...                     | ...              |
| Hayden Herrera (wd:Q56305697)    | Hayden Herrera (en)     | 1940-11-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Jonathan Aaron (wd:Q10996263)    | Jonathan Aaron (en)     | 1941-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Northampton (wd:Q49186) | Northampton (en) |
| Elaine Showalter (wd:Q467333)    | Elaine Showalter (en)   | 1941-01-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| John Brockman (wd:Q1314332)      | John Brockman (en)      | 1941-02-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Buffy Sainte-Marie (wd:Q467027)  | Buffy Sainte-Marie (en) | 1941-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Stoneham (wd:Q2901023)  | Stoneham (en)    |

These are living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts after 1919, with their Wikidata IRIs, optional English labels, date of birth, and birthplace (with optional English label), ordered by date of birth. For example: George Sullivan (b. 1927, Lowell), Robert Coles (b. 1929, Boston), Elaine Showalter (b. 1941, Boston), and others. The full list includes their IRIs and details as requested.

What are the details of living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts after 1919, including their birthplace and date of birth, ordered by their date of birth?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian with notes:
1. For P39 legislative memberships, filter by pq:P2937 (legislative term) on the p:P39 statement; don’t use P793 for term filtering. For UK MPs, avoid a generic Q16707842-only scan; rely on term qualifiers and proper date overlap on pq:P580/pq:P582.
2. For residence (P551), time bounds are qualifiers on the statement: p:P551/ps:P551 place, pq:P580 start, pq:P582 end. To include containing areas (e.g., NYC boroughs), expand via wdt:P551/wdt:P131*. Durations usually need client-side calc on QLever.
3. Ticker symbols are pq:P249 on p:P414 statements; query via the statement node (?org p:P414 ?st . ?st ps:P414 ?ex ; pq:P249 ?ticker). Use VALUES to pre-limit orgs/exchanges. Don’t expect wdt:P249 on the org. Prefer qualifiers for time-bound tickers.
4. Archives: use p:P485/ps:P485 for the holding institution. Inventory numbers are qualifiers pq:P217 on that P485 statement. Don’t expect wdt:P217 directly on the person/work. “Archive descriptions” may be separate collection items (P195).
5. When listing contained municipalities or similar, prefer wdt:P150* (has parts) from the parent to enumerate children, then join other relations (e.g., twin towns via wdt:P190). Avoid broad wdt:P131+ scans from children; they are slow and can timeout.
6. On QLever, avoid SERVICE wikibase:label (frequent 301). Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters or fetch QIDs then labels separately. For property mapping, (?prop wikibase:directClaim ?p). Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts.
7. Employer constraints: to find people employed by UN or international orgs, use wdt:P108 directly for UN (wd:Q1065), or traverse employer to part of (wdt:P361*) UN, or employer wdt:P31 wd:Q484652 (international organization). Combine with other occupations.
8. For sports/events/editions, prefer explicit edition items (e.g., Q47345468) with wdt:P361 linking to the parent series/tour and filter by wdt:P585/P571 for year; avoid P641/P2139 that model sports played or participants, not the edition metadata.
9. For author/creator queries, use occupation wdt:P106 (e.g., author/writer) rather than P31 typing. To list works, prefer the reverse path ^wdt:P50 ?work; P800 (notable work) is incomplete and curated, not a full bibliography.
10. Awards: use p:P166/ps:P166 and constrain award via wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to a target class (e.g., Cannes awards Q28444913). Recipients can be films or people; don’t assume film-specific properties exist. Count/group by recipient type if needed.
11. To select current/active codes or memberships on QLever, use statement nodes (p:/ps:) and MINUS { ?st pq:P582 [] }. For time series counts (e.g., daily members), generate a date series (VALUES/UNNEST), then test overlap with pq:P580/pq:P582 per date.
12. For people’s native names, use wdt:P1559 (name in native language) on the person, not rdfs:label. Return multiple if multiple native languages exist; pick a preferred language client-side if needed.
13. For multi-valued props (e.g., P1082), GROUP BY entity and aggregate (MAX/MIN/SAMPLE) to avoid duplicates; DISTINCT won’t collapse multiple statements. For category/gender counts, prefer indicator sums: SUM(IF(cond,1,0)) over COUNT on OPTIONAL vars.
14. Avoid SERVICE wikibase:label on QLever; it often 301s. Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters, or fetch QIDs first and labels in a follow-up. Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts when joining many labels.
15. For P551 duration comparisons, avoid unsupported date arithmetic. If needed, compute overlaps client-side. On-endpoint, you can only compare presence/counts or use simple MIN/MAX of dates (casting and arithmetic are limited in QLever).
16. When excluding specific entities from a relation (e.g., siblings), use FILTER to drop explicit QIDs or FILTER NOT EXISTS with a VALUES list. Ensure you use the exact sibling QIDs returned by the KG, not assumed ones.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. When checking date interval overlaps, handle open intervals (missing start/end) and use xsd:dateTime. Use OR conditions to cover start within, end within, or spanning the whole range.
2. For P39 queries, qualifiers (e.g., P2937 term, P768 electoral district, P4100 parliamentary group) live on the p:P39 statement node. Do not expect them as wdt: properties on the person or use ps: for non-main values.
3. To get sitelink counts, use wikibase:sitelinks on the entity; it returns a single numeric value, so GROUP BY the entity and avoid COUNT over ?sitelink.
4. Use subclass expansion for types: wdt:P31/wdt:P279* target (e.g., dams, educational institutions). This captures items modeled with subclasses.
5. For locations, prefer hierarchies via wdt:P131+ to reach a containing region/state, and wdt:P17 for country. If HQ is a building, P159 ps points to a city; specific site is qualifier pq:P276 on the P159 statement.
6. When excluding or selecting by a legislative term on P39, check pq:P2937 on the relevant statement. Use FILTER NOT EXISTS over p:P39 with ps:P39 target and pq:P2937 value to exclude a term.
7. QLever endpoints may not support Wikidata’s “WITH {…} AS %name” and “INCLUDE %name” syntax. Avoid named subqueries; use nested SELECTs or VALUES instead.
8. The wikibase:label SERVICE often fails on QLever. Prefer rdfs:label with FILTER(LANG(..)="en") or get QIDs only and resolve labels client-side.
9. Avoid COUNT over OPTIONAL variables that may be unbound for all rows; prefer EXISTS/BOUND checks or aggregate over DISTINCT entities to prevent misleading zeros.
10. On QLever, heavy OPTIONAL label/property joins often time out. Pre-limit with a subselect/VALUES over IDs (ORDER BY + LIMIT), then join labels/properties. Or fetch QIDs first and labels in a second, smaller query.
11. For precise date filtering on Wikidata (birth/death), prefer p/psv time nodes and wikibase:timeValue plus timePrecision checks over wdt:P569/P570 to include values with year/month precision and avoid silent drops.
12. When filtering by exact day of birth or event, avoid STRSTARTS on wdt:P569; instead bound an interval [day, next day) with xsd:dateTime to include all precisions. On QLever, add hint:Prior hint:rangeSafe true to improve performance on time ranges.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the details of living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts after 1919, including their birthplace and date of birth, ordered by their date of birth?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We want living authors.
   - "Living" means no date of death (P570).
   - "Authors" can be identified by occupation (P106) as "author" or "writer".

2. Citizens of the United States.
   - "Country of citizenship" is P27, United States is Q30.

3. Born in Massachusetts after 1919.
   - "Place of birth" is P19, Massachusetts is Q771.
   - "After 1919" means date of birth (P569) > 1919-12-31.

4. Include birthplace and date of birth.
   - Return person, birthplace, date of birth.

5. Order by date of birth.

First, let's verify the entities and properties:
- Author: search for "author" occupation.
- United States: Q30.
- Massachusetts: Q771.
- Date of birth: P569.
- Place of birth: P19.
- Country of citizenship: P27.
- Date of death: P570.

Let's search for the occupation entity for "author".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. writer, also known as penwomen, penmen, penwoman, authors, writers (wd:Q36180)
2. author, also known as authors, contributor, contributors (wd:Q482980)
3. MSC Corsica, also known as Author, Benarmin, IMO 7905924, Safmarine Infanta, SCL Infanta (wd:Q52322728): instance of container ship, scrapped container ship
4. poet, also known as poetry author, poetry writer, poetess, bard (wd:Q49757)
5. authority, also known as authority figure (wd:Q174834)
6. webmaster, also known as webops, website administrator, website coordinator, website operator, webmistress (wd:Q41674)
7. authority, also known as administration, rulership, management (wd:Q4825937)
8. novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963)
9. anonymous, also known as artist once known, unidentified artist, person once known, unidentified human, unknown (wd:Q4233718)
10. rapper, also known as rap star, rap performer, rappers, rap musician, rap superstar (wd:Q2252262)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. writer, also known as penwomen, penmen, penwoman, authors, writers (wd:Q36180)
2. screenwriter, also known as writer, scriptwriter, script writer, screen writer, scenarist (wd:Q28389)
3. Writer (wd:Q8038435): 1970 debut studio album by Carole King, instance of album
4. writer (wd:Q12010805)
5. poet, also known as poetry author, poetry writer, poetess, bard (wd:Q49757)
6. songwriter, also known as song writer (wd:Q753110)
7. novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963)
8. opinion journalist, also known as opinion writer (wd:Q6051619)
9. essayist, also known as essayists, essay writer (wd:Q11774202)
10. artist-in-residence, also known as residency, Author-in-residence, artist-in-residence program, composer in residence, Workspace Artist Residency (wd:Q713223)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963)
2. light novelist, also known as light novel author, light novel writer (wd:Q11236655)
3. graphic novelist (wd:Q107436166)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. poet, also known as poetry author, poetry writer, poetess, bard (wd:Q49757)
2. The Poet, also known as Poet, soviet drama (wd:Q4375675): 1956 film by Boris Barnet, instance of film
3. poetry, also known as poetic art (wd:Q482)
4. poet laureate, also known as national poet (wd:Q1237928)
5. ashik, also known as aşık, folk poet, saz poet, ashugh, ashughi (wd:Q7097633)
6. woman poet, also known as poetess, female poet (wd:Q107230508)
7. war poet (wd:Q3401082)
8. poetry study, also known as poetrylogy, poetry sceince (wd:Q15401579)
9. Poetica (wd:Q7207468): instance of album, album by IiO
10. waka poet, also known as tanka poet (wd:Q11122954)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. playwright, also known as playwrite, scriptwriter, dramatist (wd:Q214917)
2. radio playwright, also known as radio play author, radio-play author, radio playwriter, author of radio plays, radio dramatist (wd:Q83634378)
3. puppet playwright, also known as puppet play writer (wd:Q125389170)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as location born, POB, location of birth, born in, born at (wd:P19 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, subproperty of location
2. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): the place where the person is or has been, resident, subproperty of location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, DOB, born on, birthyear, born (wd:P569 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): date on which the subject was born, subproperty of inception
4. location of creation, also known as place made, manufactured in, place built, photographed at, minted at (wd:P1071 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, subproperty of significant place
5. location of formation, also known as originates from, place of incorporation, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): location where a group or organization was formed, subproperty of location of creation
6. country of origin, also known as comes from, place of origin, origin country, originates from, country (wd:P495 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), subproperty of significant place, subproperty of country
7. birth name, also known as name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né, nee (wd:P1477 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, subproperty of name
8. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, subproperty of country
9. founded by, also known as starter, started by, institutor, instituted by, founders (wd:P112 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, subproperty of creator
10. birthday, also known as birth day, b-day, bday (wd:P3150 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., subproperty of date of birth

[Tool]
Got 1,353 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                                                    | object                                                                             |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | U.S. state (wd:Q35657)                                                             |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                             |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                             |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-71.800000 42.300000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                       |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Massachusetts                                                                      |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USA%20Cape%20Cod%203%20MA.jpg> |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | part of (wdt:P361)                                          | New England (wd:Q18389)                                                            |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 7029917 (xsd:decimal)                                                              |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1788-02-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                |
| Massachusetts (wd:Q771) | short name (wdt:P1813)                                      | MA (en)                                                                            |
| ...                     | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | dob                                 | birthplace              |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)  | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Lowell (wd:Q49162)      |
| Robert A. Davies (wd:Q107253820) | 1928-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)   |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)       | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        |
| Bambi Jones (wd:Q4853375)        | 1931-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Holyoke (wd:Q1637790)   |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)     | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        |
| ...                              | ...                                 | ...                     |
| Hayden Herrera (wd:Q56305697)    | 1940-11-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        |
| Jonathan Aaron (wd:Q10996263)    | 1941-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Northampton (wd:Q49186) |
| Elaine Showalter (wd:Q467333)    | 1941-01-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        |
| John Brockman (wd:Q1314332)      | 1941-02-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        |
| Buffy Sainte-Marie (wd:Q467027)  | 1941-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Stoneham (wd:Q2901023)  |

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | dob                                 | birthplace              | birthplaceLabel  |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)  | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Lowell (wd:Q49162)      | Lowell (en)      |
| Robert A. Davies (wd:Q107253820) | 1928-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)   | Cambridge (en)   |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)       | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Bambi Jones (wd:Q4853375)        | 1931-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Holyoke (wd:Q1637790)   | Holyoke (en)     |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)     | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| ...                              | ...                                 | ...                     | ...              |
| Hayden Herrera (wd:Q56305697)    | 1940-11-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Jonathan Aaron (wd:Q10996263)    | 1941-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Northampton (wd:Q49186) | Northampton (en) |
| Elaine Showalter (wd:Q467333)    | 1941-01-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| John Brockman (wd:Q1314332)      | 1941-02-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Buffy Sainte-Marie (wd:Q467027)  | 1941-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Stoneham (wd:Q2901023)  | Stoneham (en)    |

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | personLabel             | dob                                 | birthplace              | birthplaceLabel  |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)  | George Sullivan (en)    | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Lowell (wd:Q49162)      | Lowell (en)      |
| Robert A. Davies (wd:Q107253820) | Robert A. Davies (en)   | 1928-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)   | Cambridge (en)   |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)       | Robert Coles (en)       | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Bambi Jones (wd:Q4853375)        | Bambi Jones (en)        | 1931-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Holyoke (wd:Q1637790)   | Holyoke (en)     |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)     | Larry Ruttman (en)      | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| ...                              | ...                     | ...                                 | ...                     | ...              |
| Hayden Herrera (wd:Q56305697)    | Hayden Herrera (en)     | 1940-11-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Jonathan Aaron (wd:Q10996263)    | Jonathan Aaron (en)     | 1941-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Northampton (wd:Q49186) | Northampton (en) |
| Elaine Showalter (wd:Q467333)    | Elaine Showalter (en)   | 1941-01-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| John Brockman (wd:Q1314332)      | John Brockman (en)      | 1941-02-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Boston (wd:Q100)        | Boston (en)      |
| Buffy Sainte-Marie (wd:Q467027)  | Buffy Sainte-Marie (en) | 1941-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Stoneham (wd:Q2901023)  | Stoneham (en)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?article WHERE {
  ?article wdt:P31 wd:Q13442814 ; wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?article rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
  )
}

There is one scholarly article published in the journal Geosphere that does not have an English label: wd:Q102354418.

Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian with notes:
1. For P39 legislative memberships, filter by pq:P2937 (legislative term) on the p:P39 statement; don’t use P793 for term filtering. For UK MPs, avoid a generic Q16707842-only scan; rely on term qualifiers and proper date overlap on pq:P580/pq:P582.
2. For residence (P551), time bounds are qualifiers on the statement: p:P551/ps:P551 place, pq:P580 start, pq:P582 end. To include containing areas (e.g., NYC boroughs), expand via wdt:P551/wdt:P131*. Durations usually need client-side calc on QLever.
3. Ticker symbols are pq:P249 on p:P414 statements; query via the statement node (?org p:P414 ?st . ?st ps:P414 ?ex ; pq:P249 ?ticker). Use VALUES to pre-limit orgs/exchanges. Don’t expect wdt:P249 on the org. Prefer qualifiers for time-bound tickers.
4. Archives: use p:P485/ps:P485 for the holding institution. Inventory numbers are qualifiers pq:P217 on that P485 statement. Don’t expect wdt:P217 directly on the person/work. “Archive descriptions” may be separate collection items (P195).
5. When listing contained municipalities or similar, prefer wdt:P150* (has parts) from the parent to enumerate children, then join other relations (e.g., twin towns via wdt:P190). Avoid broad wdt:P131+ scans from children; they are slow and can timeout.
6. On QLever, avoid SERVICE wikibase:label (frequent 301). Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters or fetch QIDs then labels separately. For property mapping, (?prop wikibase:directClaim ?p). Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts.
7. Employer constraints: to find people employed by UN or international orgs, use wdt:P108 directly for UN (wd:Q1065), or traverse employer to part of (wdt:P361*) UN, or employer wdt:P31 wd:Q484652 (international organization). Combine with other occupations.
8. For sports/events/editions, prefer explicit edition items (e.g., Q47345468) with wdt:P361 linking to the parent series/tour and filter by wdt:P585/P571 for year; avoid P641/P2139 that model sports played or participants, not the edition metadata.
9. For author/creator queries, use occupation wdt:P106 (e.g., author/writer) rather than P31 typing. To list works, prefer the reverse path ^wdt:P50 ?work; P800 (notable work) is incomplete and curated, not a full bibliography.
10. Awards: use p:P166/ps:P166 and constrain award via wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to a target class (e.g., Cannes awards Q28444913). Recipients can be films or people; don’t assume film-specific properties exist. Count/group by recipient type if needed.
11. To select current/active codes or memberships on QLever, use statement nodes (p:/ps:) and MINUS { ?st pq:P582 [] }. For time series counts (e.g., daily members), generate a date series (VALUES/UNNEST), then test overlap with pq:P580/pq:P582 per date.
12. For people’s native names, use wdt:P1559 (name in native language) on the person, not rdfs:label. Return multiple if multiple native languages exist; pick a preferred language client-side if needed.
13. For multi-valued props (e.g., P1082), GROUP BY entity and aggregate (MAX/MIN/SAMPLE) to avoid duplicates; DISTINCT won’t collapse multiple statements. For category/gender counts, prefer indicator sums: SUM(IF(cond,1,0)) over COUNT on OPTIONAL vars.
14. Avoid SERVICE wikibase:label on QLever; it often 301s. Use OPTIONAL rdfs:label with LANG filters, or fetch QIDs first and labels in a follow-up. Pre-limit with subselect/VALUES to avoid timeouts when joining many labels.
15. For P551 duration comparisons, avoid unsupported date arithmetic. If needed, compute overlaps client-side. On-endpoint, you can only compare presence/counts or use simple MIN/MAX of dates (casting and arithmetic are limited in QLever).
16. When excluding specific entities from a relation (e.g., siblings), use FILTER to drop explicit QIDs or FILTER NOT EXISTS with a VALUES list. Ensure you use the exact sibling QIDs returned by the KG, not assumed ones.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. When checking date interval overlaps, handle open intervals (missing start/end) and use xsd:dateTime. Use OR conditions to cover start within, end within, or spanning the whole range.
2. For P39 queries, qualifiers (e.g., P2937 term, P768 electoral district, P4100 parliamentary group) live on the p:P39 statement node. Do not expect them as wdt: properties on the person or use ps: for non-main values.
3. To get sitelink counts, use wikibase:sitelinks on the entity; it returns a single numeric value, so GROUP BY the entity and avoid COUNT over ?sitelink.
4. Use subclass expansion for types: wdt:P31/wdt:P279* target (e.g., dams, educational institutions). This captures items modeled with subclasses.
5. For locations, prefer hierarchies via wdt:P131+ to reach a containing region/state, and wdt:P17 for country. If HQ is a building, P159 ps points to a city; specific site is qualifier pq:P276 on the P159 statement.
6. When excluding or selecting by a legislative term on P39, check pq:P2937 on the relevant statement. Use FILTER NOT EXISTS over p:P39 with ps:P39 target and pq:P2937 value to exclude a term.
7. QLever endpoints may not support Wikidata’s “WITH {…} AS %name” and “INCLUDE %name” syntax. Avoid named subqueries; use nested SELECTs or VALUES instead.
8. The wikibase:label SERVICE often fails on QLever. Prefer rdfs:label with FILTER(LANG(..)="en") or get QIDs only and resolve labels client-side.
9. Avoid COUNT over OPTIONAL variables that may be unbound for all rows; prefer EXISTS/BOUND checks or aggregate over DISTINCT entities to prevent misleading zeros.
10. On QLever, heavy OPTIONAL label/property joins often time out. Pre-limit with a subselect/VALUES over IDs (ORDER BY + LIMIT), then join labels/properties. Or fetch QIDs first and labels in a second, smaller query.
11. For precise date filtering on Wikidata (birth/death), prefer p/psv time nodes and wikibase:timeValue plus timePrecision checks over wdt:P569/P570 to include values with year/month precision and avoid silent drops.
12. When filtering by exact day of birth or event, avoid STRSTARTS on wdt:P569; instead bound an interval [day, next day) with xsd:dateTime to include all precisions. On QLever, add hint:Prior hint:rangeSafe true to improve performance on time ranges.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find scholarly articles (likely instances of "scholarly article" or subclasses).
2. These articles must be published in the journal "Geosphere".
3. We want only those articles that do not have an English rdfs:label.

Step 1: Find the entity for the journal "Geosphere".
Step 2: Find the property for "published in" (journal).
Step 3: Find the class for "scholarly article".
Step 4: Build a query to select articles published in "Geosphere" that lack an English rdfs:label.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Geosphere".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. geosphere (wd:Q241284)
2. Geosphere (wd:Q15817086): instance of open-access journal, instance of scientific journal, instance of academic journal, journal
3. geosphere (wd:L1160508-S1)
4. geosphere (wd:L34735)
5. geosphere (wd:L34735-F1)
6. GeoSphere Austria (wd:Q116189368): instance of governmental meteorological service, meteorological service of Austria (since 2023), instance of government agency
7. interacting geosphere (wd:L34741-S1)
8. geospheres (wd:L34735-F2)
9. ENWEST GEOSPHERE──ANTHROPOSPHE (wd:Q98517768): instance of scholarly article, article published in 1997
10. Sun and Geosphere, also known as Sun and geosphere: the internati...nal of research and applications (wd:Q131312884): instance of scientific journal, scientific journal

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the journal "Geosphere" is wd:Q15817086.

Next, let's find the property for "published in" (journal).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in, also known as tome of, tome of the book, track of, track on, track on album (wd:P1433 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): larger work that a given work was published in, like a journal, a website, a collection, a book or a music album, subproperty of part of
2. publication date, also known as published, publication time, publication, pubdate, launched (wd:P577 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, subproperty of point in time
3. announcement date, also known as date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published, released (wd:P6949 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, subproperty of point in time
4. place of publication, also known as country (published in), where published, release region, released in, published in (place) (wd:P291 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), subproperty of significant place
5. platform, also known as computing platform, environment, game platform, hardware, platforms (wd:P400 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): platform for which a work was developed or released, or the specific platform version of a software product
6. distribution format, also known as media format, media type, medium, method of distribution, publication format (wd:P437 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): method (or type) of distribution for the subject
7. introduced in, also known as added in, first appeared in, first published in, introduced by (wd:P10695 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): work that introduced this concept
8. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house, music publisher (wd:P123 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
9. publication type of scholarly work, also known as publication type of scholarly article (wd:P13046 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): type of this scholarly work (e.g. “systematic review”, “proceedings”, etc.)
10. house publication, also known as official media, publishes, publication, organization publication, organisation publication (wd:P2813 as pqv/prv/psn/pqn/wdt/pr/p/psv/wdtn/prn/ps/pq): media that speaks for an organization or a movement, and that is usually edited by its members

[Assistant]
The property "published in" is wd:P1433.

Next, let's find the class for "scholarly article".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. scholarly article, also known as scholarly paper, paper, scholarly articles, research paper, papers (wd:Q13442814)
2. academic journal article, also known as academic paper, scholarly article, journal article, academic article (wd:Q18918145)
3. More rain, more virus, also known as Scholarly article (wd:Q60067355): scientific article published in Nature, instance of scholarly article
4. Nine axes of merit for technosignature searches, also known as scholarly article (wd:Q122939269): scientific article published on 19 November 2019, instance of scholarly article
5. On the Riemann hypothesis for se...erators of genera three and four, also known as scholarly article (wd:Q114014395): scientific article published in 2021, instance of scholarly article
6. News censorship in online social...rcumvention in the commentsphere, also known as scholarly article (wd:Q116784910): scientific article published on 3 June 2016, instance of scholarly article
7. The possibility of converting lipids into carbohydrates in man., also known as scholarly article (wd:Q78576861): scientific article published on 01 June 1954, instance of scholarly article
8. The importance of peer group ("crowd") affiliation in adolescence, also known as scholarly article (wd:Q126361512): instance of academic journal article
9. fictional scholarly article, also known as fictional scientific article (wd:Q116527851)
10. medical scholarly article, also known as medical journal article (wd:Q82969330)

[Assistant]
The main class for "scholarly article" is wd:Q13442814.

Now, let's summarize:
- Journal: wd:Q15817086 (Geosphere)
- Property: wd:P1433 (published in)
- Class: wd:Q13442814 (scholarly article)

Next, we need to find all items that are instances of (wdt:P31) "scholarly article", published in (wdt:P1433) "Geosphere", and do not have an English rdfs:label.

Let's build a SPARQL query for this.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| article       |
| ------------- |
| wd:Q102354418 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process