PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?city ?cityLabel ( MAX( ?pop ) AS ?population ) WHERE {
  ?city wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q515 .
  ?city wdt:P131 + wd:Q1408 .
  ?city wdt:P1082 ?pop .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?city rdfs:label ?cityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?cityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?city ?cityLabel
HAVING ( MAX( ?pop ) > 100000 )
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )

Using entities:
New Jersey (wd:Q1408), also known as Garden State, Iersey, Jersey, New Iersey, New Jersey, United States, etc.
city (wd:Q515), also known as cities

Using properties:
population (wd:P1082 as wdt), also known as human population, inhabitants, P1082
located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.

Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| city                    | cityLabel        | population           |
| ----------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- |
| Newark (wd:Q25395)      | Newark (en)      | 311549 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jersey City (wd:Q26339) | Jersey City (en) | 292449 (xsd:decimal) |
| Paterson (wd:Q138391)   | Paterson (en)    | 159732 (xsd:decimal) |
| Elizabeth (wd:Q138311)  | Elizabeth (en)   | 137298 (xsd:decimal) |

Answer:
I searched for the Wikidata item for New Jersey (wd:Q1408), then looked for items that are instances of city (Q515) located in New Jersey via the administrative chain (P131+), and that have population (P1082) greater than 100000. I executed the query and got 4 results. The cities in New Jersey with more than 100,000 inhabitants (with their populations from Wikidata) are:

- Newark (wd:Q25395) — 311,549
- Jersey City (wd:Q26339) — 292,449
- Paterson (wd:Q138391) — 159,732
- Elizabeth (wd:Q138311) — 137,298

The SPARQL query used is included above and returns the IRIs of the cities along with their English labels and population.

Give me all cities in New Jersey with more than 100000 inhabitants.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Give me all cities in New Jersey with more than 100000 inhabitants.

[Assistant] I will first locate the Wikidata entity for "New Jersey" to use its IRI in the query. I'll search the KG for the entity "New Jersey".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. New Jersey (wd:Q1408), also known as Garden State, Iersey, Jersey, New Iersey, New Jersey, United States, etc.: is instance of state of the United States / state of the United States of America / state in eastern United States / is instance of U.S. state
2. New Jersey (wd:Q779923): 1988 studio album by Bon Jovi / is instance of album / album by Bon Jovi / album by Bon Jovi
3. Province of New Jersey (wd:Q2335128, matched via New Jersey), also known as Colony of New Jersey, New Jersey, New Jersey Colony: former colony in North America, part of Great Britain / is instance of colony
4. New Jersey (wd:Q105102682): is instance of pilot boat / New Jersey Pilot boat
5. New Jersey (wd:Q122794967), also known as IMO 8022133: is instance of ship / ship built in 1980
6. New Jersey (wd:Q114524488): is instance of television series episode / episode of Bert the Conqueror (S2 E5)
7. New Jersey (wd:Q112459581): human settlement in New Brunswick, Canada / is instance of human settlement
8. New Jersey (wd:Q58425091): is instance of United States senate constituency / constituency of the United States Senate
9. New Jersey (wd:Q99688878), also known as Star Trek New Jersey: the federated state of New Jersey in the USA as depicted in Star Trek / is instance of fictional state of the United States / is instance of Star Trek location
10. Trenton (wd:Q25330, matched via Trenton, New Jersey), also known as Trenton City, Mercer County, New Jersey, Trenton City, New Jersey, Trenton, New Jersey, Trenton, NJ, Trenton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey, etc.: capital of New Jersey, United States and seat of Mercer County, New Jersey, United States / capital of New Jersey, United States and seat of Mercer County, New Jersey, United States / capital of New Jersey, United States and seat of Mercer County, New Jersey, United States / is instance of city in New Jersey / is instance of county seat

[Assistant] I will build a SPARQL query that finds items that are human settlements (instance of Q486972 or its subclasses), are located (possibly indirectly) in New Jersey (wd:Q1408) using the administrative-territorial chain (wdt:P131+), and have a population (wdt:P1082) greater than 100000. I will request the item IRIs, English labels (optional), and the population value, ordered by population descending. Now I will execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 19 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| city                                                              | cityLabel                                                | population            |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Delaware Valley (wd:Q1925894)                                     | Delaware Valley (en)                                     | 6245051 (xsd:decimal) |
| Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton metropolitan area (wd:Q113137311)      | Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton metropolitan area (en)        | 861889 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Trenton-Princeton, NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area (wd:Q6174054) | Trenton-Princeton, NJ Metropolitan Statistical Area (en) | 387340 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Trenton urban area (wd:Q125812643)                                | Trenton urban area (en)                                  | 370422 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Newark (wd:Q25395)                                                | Newark (en)                                              | 311549 (xsd:decimal)  |
| ...                                                               | ...                                                      | ...                   |
| Elizabeth (wd:Q138311)                                            | Elizabeth (en)                                           | 137298 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Elizabeth (wd:Q138311)                                            | Elizabeth (en)                                           | 137298 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Lakewood Township (wd:Q1088792)                                   | Lakewood Township (en)                                   | 135158 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Edison (wd:Q746801)                                               | Edison (en)                                              | 107588 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Woodbridge Township (wd:Q204151)                                  | Woodbridge Township (en)                                 | 103639 (xsd:decimal)  |

[Assistant] I will restrict "cities" to items that are instance of (P31) city (Q515), ensure they are located in New Jersey (wd:Q1408) via P131+, and aggregate population (P1082) to avoid duplicate population statements. I'll run a SPARQL query that returns the city IRIs, English labels, and the (max) population, filtered to populations > 100000 and ordered by population descending. Now I will execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| city                    | cityLabel        | population           |
| ----------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- |
| Newark (wd:Q25395)      | Newark (en)      | 311549 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jersey City (wd:Q26339) | Jersey City (en) | 292449 (xsd:decimal) |
| Paterson (wd:Q138391)   | Paterson (en)    | 159732 (xsd:decimal) |
| Elizabeth (wd:Q138311)  | Elizabeth (en)   | 137298 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ?statement ?startTime ?endTime WHERE {
  wd:Q211 p:P463 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P463 wd:Q458 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?startTime .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?endTime .
  }
}

Using entities:
Latvia (wd:Q211), also known as LAT, Latveja, Latvejas Republika, Latvian Republic, Latvija, etc.
European Union (wd:Q458), also known as eu, E.U., Europe

Using properties:
member of (wd:P463 as ps/p), also known as band member of, in musical group, member of musical group, membership, of organization, etc.
start time (wd:P580 as pq), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.
end time (wd:P582 as pq), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.

Answer: The query returns startTime = 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z. Latvia joined the European Union on 2004-05-01 (1 May 2004).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] When did Latvia join the EU?

[Assistant] I will first locate the Wikidata item for Latvia. I'll search the knowledge graph for the entity "Latvia".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Latvia (wd:Q211), also known as LAT, Latveja, Latvejas Republika, Latvian Republic, Latvija, etc.: is instance of country bordering the Baltic Sea / sovereign state in northeastern Europe / is instance of sovereign state / republic in Eastern Europe / country in Eastern Europe / is instance of country
2. 1284 Latvia (wd:Q137583, matched via Latvia), also known as Latvia: is instance of asteroid / asteroid / asteroid / asteroid
3. RAF-977 (wd:Q2425377, matched via Latvia), also known as Latvia, RAF-977D: is instance of automobile model / is instance of car model / is instance of Car model / is subclass of minibus / soviet bustype
4. RAF-2203 (wd:Q1065645, matched via Latvia), also known as Latvia: van and minibus manufactured by Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika in Latvia / is instance of automobile model / is instance of Car model / is instance of car model
5. Latvia (wd:Q6497226): is instance of constituency of the European Parliament / constituency of the European Parliament
6. Latvia (wd:Q104892776): scientific article published in December 2012 / scientific article published in December 2012 / scientific article published in December 2012 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
7. Latvia (wd:Q103948319): is instance of encyclopaedic article / is instance of encyclopedia article / encyclopedia article
8. Latvia (wd:Q104537040): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. Latvia (wd:Q58040021): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Latvian (wd:Q9078), also known as Latvian language, Latviešu, Lettish, Lettish language: Baltic language, official in Latvia and the European Union / Baltic language, official in Latvia and the European Union / is instance of modern language / is instance of macrolanguage / is subclass of East Baltic / is instance of language

[Assistant] I'll search for properties related to EU membership on the Latvia item.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. continent (wd:P30 as wdt/p), also known as P30: is subproperty of located in/on physical feature / is subproperty of located on terrain feature / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part
2. located in/on physical feature (wd:P706 as wdt/p, matched via geographical region), also known as geographical region, is in, is on, landform, located on island, etc.: located on the specified landform or body of water. Should ... (provinces, states, countries, etc.). / located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be ... political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552). / is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of
3. country (wd:P17 as wdt/p), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17: sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / is subproperty of located in the administrative territorial entity
4. Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens ID (wd:P9498 as wdt/p), also known as P9498: identifier for an article in the Enzyklopädie des europäischen Ostens
5. basic form of government (wd:P122 as wdt/p, matched via government), also known as form of government, government, type of government, P122: the subject's government / the subject's government / subject's government
6. ISO 3166-1 numeric code (wd:P299 as wdt/p, matched via ISO 3166-1), also known as country code (ISO 3166-1 numeric), country code ISO 3166-1 numeric, ISO 3166-1, P299: identifier for a country in numeric format per ISO 3166-1 / identifier for a country in numeric format per ISO 3166-1
7. EU Knowledge Graph item ID (wd:P11012 as wdt/wdtn/p, matched via EU Knowledge Graph item identifier), also known as EU Knowledge Graph item identifier, P11012: identifier for the corresponding entity in the EU Knowledge Graph
8. headquarters location (wd:P159 as wdt/p, matched via admin HQ), also known as admin HQ, based in, garrison, head office location, head quarters, etc.: city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building / specific location where an organisation's HQ is or has been located / specific location where an organisation's HQ is or has been located / is subproperty of significant place
9. contains the administrative territorial entity (wd:P150 as wdt/p, matched via has countries), also known as contains, contains administrative territorial entity, divided into, divides into, has administrative divisions, etc.: (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity / (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative division / (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative division / is subproperty of has part(s) / is subproperty of has part
10. Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ID (wd:P8935 as wdt/p, matched via ЕІУ), also known as EHU, EIY, history.org.ua, ЕІУ, P8935: ID for an entry on the official website of the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll list triples for the Latvia item (wd:Q211) to find the property that records EU accession and its value.

[Tool]
Got 2,414 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject          | property                       | object                                                                                |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | instance of (wdt:P31)          | sovereign state (wd:Q3624078)                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | country (wdt:P17)              | Latvia (wd:Q211)                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(25.000000 57.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                  |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | Commons category (wdt:P373)    | Latvia                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | image (wdt:P18)                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Satellite%20image%20of%20Latvia%20in%20March%202003.jpg> |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | part of (wdt:P361)             | Northern Europe (wd:Q27479)                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)         | /m/04g5k                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | GeoNames ID (wdtn:P1566)       | <https://sws.geonames.org/458258/>                                                                           |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | population (wdt:P1082)         | 1871882 (xsd:decimal)                                                                                |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | inception (wdt:P571)           | 1918-11-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                          |
| ...              | ...                            | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. EC number (wd:P232 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via European Community number), also known as EC#, EC No., EINECS No., European Community number, P232: chemical compound identification number per EINECS or ELINCS / identifier for a chemical compound per EINECS or ELINCS
2. EU Participant Identification Code (wd:P5785 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU PIC), also known as EU PIC, PIC, P5785: ID of organization in EU's Framework Programs for Research / ID of organization participating in EU programmes
3. Europeana entity (wd:P7704 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as P7704: identifier for persons, places and topics at Europeana / identifier for persons, places and topics at Europeana
4. EU Surface Water Body Code (wd:P2856 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU_CD), also known as EU_CD, Surface Water Body Code, SurfaceWaterBodyCode, Water Framework Directive Waterbody ID, WFD Waterbody ID, etc.: unique EU identifier for a surface water body
5. EU RCN (wd:P5755 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as CORDIS RCN, RCN, Record Control Number, P5755: Record Control Number for project/org/person under EU Framework Programmes
6. MEP directory ID (wd:P1186 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via europarl.europa.eu), also known as europarl.europa.eu, Europarl member, European Parliament member, MEP directory identifier, MEP ID, etc.: identifier for a past or present MEP in a directory of all members of the European Parliament
7. continent (wd:P30 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as P30: is subproperty of located in/on physical feature / is subproperty of located on terrain feature / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part
8. Fauna Europaea ID (wd:P1895 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU-nomen ID), also known as EU-nomen ID, EU Nomen ID, P1895: identifier for a taxon in Fauna Europaea
9. Historical Archives of the European Union ID (wd:P6917 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as HAEU ID, P6917: identifier for a person or an institution that have created, ... the fonds at the Historical Archives of the European Union
10. applies to jurisdiction (wd:P1001 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via country of jurisdiction), also known as applicable area, applicable country, applicable geographic place, applicable jurisdiction, applicable location, etc.: the item (institution, law, public office, public ... jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...) / the item (an institution, law, public office ...) or ... jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...) / is subproperty of characteristic of / is subproperty of significant place / is subproperty of operating area

[Assistant] I'll search for properties related to "accession to the European Union" to find the correct property that records accession dates.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Europeana entity (wd:P7704 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as P7704: identifier for persons, places and topics at Europeana / identifier for persons, places and topics at Europeana
2. Historical Archives of the European Union ID (wd:P6917 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as HAEU ID, P6917: identifier for a person or an institution that have created, ... the fonds at the Historical Archives of the European Union
3. EU Surface Water Body Code (wd:P2856 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU_CD), also known as EU_CD, Surface Water Body Code, SurfaceWaterBodyCode, Water Framework Directive Waterbody ID, WFD Waterbody ID, etc.: unique EU identifier for a surface water body
4. EU Transparency Register ID (wd:P2657 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU lobby transparency register), also known as EU lobby transparency register, P2657: identity code for an organisation, in the transparency register of the European Union
5. MEP directory ID (wd:P1186 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via europarl.europa.eu), also known as europarl.europa.eu, Europarl member, European Parliament member, MEP directory identifier, MEP ID, etc.: identifier for a past or present MEP in a directory of all members of the European Parliament
6. country of citizenship (wd:P27 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via subject of (country)), also known as citizen of, citizenship, country, (legal) nationality, nation, etc.: the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / is subproperty of country
7. TASS Encyclopedia country ID (wd:P10541 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as P10541: identifier of a country in the TASS Encyclopedia
8. EC number (wd:P232 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via European Community number), also known as EC#, EC No., EINECS No., European Community number, P232: chemical compound identification number per EINECS or ELINCS / identifier for a chemical compound per EINECS or ELINCS
9. Archives Portal Europe ID (wd:P7764 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as APE ID, P7764: identifier for an archival institution in the directory of Archives Portal Europe
10. Fauna Europaea ID (wd:P1895 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via EU Nomen ID), also known as EU-nomen ID, EU Nomen ID, P1895: identifier for a taxon in Fauna Europaea

[Assistant] I'll look for statements on the Latvia item that mention the European Union (wd:Q458).

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject          | property             | object                   |
| ---------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | part of (wdt:P361)   | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |

[Assistant] I'll list triples where the property is the statement-level property for 'member of' (p:P463) for Latvia to see qualifiers like start time.

[Tool]
Got 34 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject          | property           | object                                      |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------- |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-121C5604-1252-440E-8EE3-7C8ABF70A231 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:q211-15412C2A-50EE-4314-B082-648710E68834 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-155658df-41ca-ce90-7e5e-058cb87cf527 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1AC55EE7-C5B7-478F-A258-87C56ED12E3F |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1ADF67E6-EC11-405C-8F1D-5DC921C3EDB1 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1BDC4869-3203-4873-A8E1-B3215A57C188 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1FFE9481-B98B-4742-A2DD-5982C810A563 |
| ...              | ...                | ...                                         |

[Assistant] I'll inspect one of those statement nodes to see its qualifiers (start time). I'll list triples where that statement node is subject. I'll pick the first statement node.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                     | property            | object                                            |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | member of (ps:P463) | Movement Coordination Centre Europe (wd:Q3866537) |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | wikibase:rank       | wikibase:NormalRank                               |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | rdf:type            | wikibase:BestRank                                 |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | prov:wasDerivedFrom | ref:8190cb9e2b0d2234053cb939f7f7e803283af6fd      |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | rdf:type            | wikibase:Statement                                |

[Assistant] I'll find the statement node that has the European Union (wd:Q458) as ps:P463. I can search for triples with property ps:P463 and object wd:Q458.

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                     | property            | object                   |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------ |
| s:q142-3ff5501f-4910-aa5b-06db-3e199c14d5d6 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:Q145-f1d65fc5-4682-53d0-3e22-5d14334c402b | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q183-95B88187-DF9C-4384-BAFF-41D47CB34238 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q191-B9AF0F9D-2283-4667-AEFF-CDCBA151F7A6 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q213-86BC9DFE-7C0B-4E7D-AAC1-F1EF241E1AD5 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:Q214-00ABE88E-EB21-485B-ADC3-A640DA5172E4 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q214-98EC44F5-C6FD-441C-9DC9-D229D6187048 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q215-D6AE5B47-85A3-46BC-8DF6-45AE3218F686 | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| s:q218-276E7DF8-582F-4AAB-B321-FC81910E9A2E | member of (ps:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458) |
| ...                                         | ...                 | ...                      |

[Assistant]
I'll find which of these statement nodes belong to Latvia (subject wd:Q211). I can list statements p:P463 for Latvia again and filter to those whose ps:P463 object is wd:Q458. But simpler: run a SPARQL query to get the start time (P580) qualifier for the 'member of' statement where subject is Latvia and object is European Union. I'll construct a SPARQL SELECT query. I need to follow instructions: explain thought process before executing. I'll write the query to find the statement node with p:P463 and its qualifier p:P580 (start time) and p:P582 (end time) optionally. Also return the statement IRI and labels optionally via rdfs:label. I'll execute.
Now I'll execute a SPARQL query to get the start time qualifier (P580) for the 'member of' (P463) statement where Latvia is member of the European Union (wd:Q458). I'll also request the statement node IRI and label for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| statement                                   | startTime                           | endTime |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------- |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |         |

[Assistant] I'll now return the final SPARQL query I used and the answer derived from its result. Then I'll finalize.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q4970706 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person p:P39 ?posstmt .
    ?posstmt ps:P39 wd:Q4970706 .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?posstmt pq:P580 ?start .
    }
    OPTIONAL {
      ?posstmt pq:P582 ?end .
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?start

Using entities:
Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706), also known as Chancellor, Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, etc.

Using properties:
position held (wd:P39 as ps/p/wdt), also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held, etc.
start time (wd:P580 as pq), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.
end time (wd:P582 as pq), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.

Answer:
The query returns the federal chancellors of Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and their Wikidata IRIs. Results (person IRI — English label):
- wd:Q2492 — Konrad Adenauer
- wd:Q2496 — Ludwig Erhard
- wd:Q2512 — Kurt Georg Kiesinger
- wd:Q2514 — Willy Brandt
- wd:Q2571 — Walter Scheel
- wd:Q2516 — Helmut Schmidt
- wd:Q2518 — Helmut Kohl
- wd:Q2530 — Gerhard Schröder
- wd:Q567 — Angela Merkel
- wd:Q61053 — Olaf Scholz

Give me all federal chancellors of Germany.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Give me all federal chancellors of Germany.

[Assistant] I will search for the Wikidata item that corresponds to the office "Chancellor of Germany" (federal chancellor), then find all persons who held that office (P39 "position held"). I'll verify the identifiers before building the final query. I'll start by searching for the office item.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q56022): offices held over time by the head of government of Germany / is subclass of Head of government / is subclass of head of government / is instance of public office / is subclass of chancellor
2. Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706, matched via Chancellor of Germany), also known as Chancellor, Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, etc.: head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present) / is subclass of Chancellor of Germany / is subclass of prime minister / is instance of public office
3. Vice-Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q504272, matched via Vice Chancellor of Germany), also known as Deputy to the Federal Chancellor, Vice Chancellor of Germany: is subclass of deputy prime minister / is instance of position / position
4. Vice Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q110010874)
5. Historical rankings of Chancellors of Germany (wd:Q28196174): Rankings of the Chancellors of Germany
6. CHANCELLOR ERHARDT OF WEST GERMANY (NAID 123903) (wd:Q67616314): item in the National Archives and Records Administration's holdings / is instance of item of collection or exhibition
7. ARRIVAL OF CHANCELLOR ERHARD OF GERMANY (NAID 124934) (wd:Q67619452): item in the National Archives and Records Administration's holdings / is instance of item of collection or exhibition
8. Heinrich Bruning, Chancellor Of Germany Before Hitler, Dies (wd:Q96787864): is instance of news article / news article
9. Chancellor Erhard in his Office, Bonn, Germany (wd:Q79875204): photograph by Dennis Stock (American, 1928-2010) (2018.535) / is instance of photograph
10. federated state of Germany (wd:Q1221156, matched via state of Germany), also known as BL, Bundesland, German federal state, Land, state of Germany, etc.: is instance of designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country / administrative division of the Federal Republic of Germany / is subclass of NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity / is subclass of administrative divisions of Germany / is subclass of first-level administrative division / is subclass of federated state / is subclass of Federated state

[Assistant] I'll inspect the item for "Federal Chancellor of Germany" (wd:Q4970706) to find the property that lists office holders (P39). I'll list some triples for that item.

[Tool]
Got 421 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                     | property                    | object                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | instance of (wdt:P31)       | public office (wd:Q294414)                                 |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | country (wdt:P17)           | Germany (wd:Q183)                                          |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Bundeskanzler (Federal Republic of Germany)                |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | part of (wdt:P361)          | Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q313827) |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | subclass of (wdt:P279)      | prime minister (wd:Q14212)                                 |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)      | /m/0hn914x                                                 |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | inception (wdt:P571)        | 1949-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                        |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | VIAF cluster ID (wdtn:P214) | <http://viaf.org/viaf/134841332>                           |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | short name (wdt:P1813)      | BK (de)                                                    |
| Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)          | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4253758-7>                          |
| ...                                         | ...                         | ...                                                        |

[Assistant] I'll build a query that finds all items with property "position held" (wdt:P39) equal to the Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706). I'll also try to retrieve the start and end dates of each term (qualifiers P580 and P582) when available, and an English label for readability. Then I'll execute the query to verify the results.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| person                          | personLabel               | start                               | end                                 |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Konrad Adenauer (wd:Q2492)      | Konrad Adenauer (en)      | 1949-09-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1963-10-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ludwig Erhard (wd:Q2496)        | Ludwig Erhard (en)        | 1963-10-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1966-12-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger (wd:Q2512) | Kurt Georg Kiesinger (en) | 1966-12-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1969-10-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Willy Brandt (wd:Q2514)         | Willy Brandt (en)         | 1969-10-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1974-05-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Walter Scheel (wd:Q2571)        | Walter Scheel (en)        | 1974-05-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1974-05-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Helmut Schmidt (wd:Q2516)       | Helmut Schmidt (en)       | 1974-05-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1982-10-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Helmut Kohl (wd:Q2518)          | Helmut Kohl (en)          | 1982-10-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-10-26T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gerhard Schröder (wd:Q2530)     | Gerhard Schröder (en)     | 1998-10-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2005-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Angela Merkel (wd:Q567)         | Angela Merkel (en)        | 2005-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2021-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Olaf Scholz (wd:Q61053)         | Olaf Scholz (en)          | 2021-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |

[Assistant]
Step-by-step reasoning and actions I'll take now:

1) Decide which Wikidata item represents the federal office "Federal Chancellor of Germany".
- I'll search for "Chancellor of Germany" in Wikidata to find the correct office item.

(Calling search_entity for "Chancellor of Germany")

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q56022): offices held over time by the head of government of Germany / is subclass of Head of government / is subclass of head of government / is instance of public office / is subclass of chancellor
2. Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706, matched via Chancellor of Germany), also known as Chancellor, Chancellor of Germany, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, etc.: head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present) / is subclass of Chancellor of Germany / is subclass of prime minister / is instance of public office
3. Vice-Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q504272, matched via Vice Chancellor of Germany), also known as Deputy to the Federal Chancellor, Vice Chancellor of Germany: is subclass of deputy prime minister / is instance of position / position
4. Vice Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q110010874)
5. Historical rankings of Chancellors of Germany (wd:Q28196174): Rankings of the Chancellors of Germany
6. CHANCELLOR ERHARDT OF WEST GERMANY (NAID 123903) (wd:Q67616314): item in the National Archives and Records Administration's holdings / is instance of item of collection or exhibition
7. ARRIVAL OF CHANCELLOR ERHARD OF GERMANY (NAID 124934) (wd:Q67619452): item in the National Archives and Records Administration's holdings / is instance of item of collection or exhibition
8. Heinrich Bruning, Chancellor Of Germany Before Hitler, Dies (wd:Q96787864): is instance of news article / news article
9. Chancellor Erhard in his Office, Bonn, Germany (wd:Q79875204): photograph by Dennis Stock (American, 1928-2010) (2018.535) / is instance of photograph
10. federated state of Germany (wd:Q1221156, matched via state of Germany), also known as BL, Bundesland, German federal state, Land, state of Germany, etc.: is instance of designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country / administrative division of the Federal Republic of Germany / is subclass of NUTS 1 statistical territorial entity / is subclass of administrative divisions of Germany / is subclass of first-level administrative division / is subclass of federated state / is subclass of Federated state

[Assistant] I'll re-run the SPARQL query that finds all persons with position held (P39) = Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706), returning the person IRIs, English labels (optional), and term start/end qualifiers. This verifies the final query results. Then I'll present the final SPARQL and the list of chancellors (with their Wikidata IRIs).

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| person                          | personLabel               | start                               | end                                 |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Konrad Adenauer (wd:Q2492)      | Konrad Adenauer (en)      | 1949-09-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1963-10-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ludwig Erhard (wd:Q2496)        | Ludwig Erhard (en)        | 1963-10-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1966-12-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger (wd:Q2512) | Kurt Georg Kiesinger (en) | 1966-12-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1969-10-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Willy Brandt (wd:Q2514)         | Willy Brandt (en)         | 1969-10-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1974-05-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Walter Scheel (wd:Q2571)        | Walter Scheel (en)        | 1974-05-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1974-05-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Helmut Schmidt (wd:Q2516)       | Helmut Schmidt (en)       | 1974-05-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1982-10-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Helmut Kohl (wd:Q2518)          | Helmut Kohl (en)          | 1982-10-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-10-26T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gerhard Schröder (wd:Q2530)     | Gerhard Schröder (en)     | 1998-10-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2005-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Angela Merkel (wd:Q567)         | Angela Merkel (en)        | 2005-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2021-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Olaf Scholz (wd:Q61053)         | Olaf Scholz (en)          | 2021-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |

[Assistant] The query returned 10 persons (Konrad Adenauer through Olaf Scholz) with their Wikidata IRIs and term dates. This matches expected federal chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany since 1949. I will now present the final SPARQL query and the answer (list of chancellors with their IRIs).

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?actor ?actorLabel ?birthDate WHERE {
  wd:Q162371 wdt:P161 ?actor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?actorLabel

Using entities:
Charmed (wd:Q162371)

Using properties:
cast member (wd:P161 as wdt), also known as actor, actress, contestant of a play, feat., film starring, etc.
date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.

Answer:
Thought process and steps taken:
1) I identified the Wikidata item for the original Charmed TV series: wd:Q162371 (Charmed, 1998–2006).
2) I looked for the property that links a TV series to its cast and found cast member (wdt:P161).
3) I wrote and executed a SPARQL query that lists all cast members (?actor) of wd:Q162371 and retrieves each actor's date of birth (wdt:P569) and English label (rdfs:label).

SPARQL query executed (returns actor IRIs, labels, and birth dates):
SELECT ?actor ?actorLabel ?birthDate WHERE {
  wd:Q162371 wdt:P161 ?actor .
  OPTIONAL { ?actor wdt:P569 ?birthDate. }
  OPTIONAL { ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel. FILTER(LANG(?actorLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY ?actorLabel

Query results (actor label — actor IRI — birth date):
- Alyssa Milano — wd:Q189067 — 1972-12-19
- Holly Marie Combs — wd:Q162578 — 1973-12-03
- Rose McGowan — wd:Q211040 — 1973-09-05
- Shannen Doherty — wd:Q207598 — 1971-04-12

Notes:
- This query targeted the original Charmed (1998–2006) (wd:Q162371). If you meant the 2018 reboot (wd:Q53162693), I can run the same query for that item instead.
- The query returns actor IRIs (?actor) as required; labels and birth dates are included as optional values.

Would you like me to include additional cast members (recurring/supporting), or to run the query for the 2018 reboot as well?

Give me the birthdays of all actors of the television show Charmed.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Give me the birthdays of all actors of the television show Charmed.

[Assistant] I will find the Wikidata item for the TV show "Charmed" and then locate actors (cast members) associated with the show, finally retrieving their dates of birth. I'll first search for the "Charmed" TV series entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. television series (wd:Q5398426, matched via TV series), also known as television show, TV series, TV-series, TV show: connected set of television programme episodes under the same title / connected set of television program episodes under the same title / is instance of type of television program / is subclass of series of creative works / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of television program / is subclass of serial
2. miniseries (wd:Q1259759, matched via TV mini series), also known as event series, limited serial, limited series, mini-series, television mini-series, etc.: TV shows or series that have a predetermined number of episodes / is instance of type of television program / is subclass of serial drama
3. Halo (wd:Q55279915, matched via Halo (TV Series)), also known as Halo: The Television Series, Halo (TV Series): is instance of television series / is instance of serial / television series
4. children's television series (wd:Q1273568, matched via children's TV series), also known as children's TV series, kids tv, kids TV series: television programs designed for, and marketed to children / is subclass of children's television program / is subclass of family television series / is instance of television series genre
5. television series season (wd:Q3464665, matched via TV series season), also known as season, Season, season of a television series, season of a TV show, season of television series, etc.: set of episodes produced for a television series / set of episodes produced by a television series / is subclass of series of creative works / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of creative work season / is subclass of television program / is subclass of serial
6. Chinese television drama (wd:Q28195059, matched via Chinese tv series), also known as cdrama, C-drama, Chinese drama, Chinese drama serial, Chinese drama series, etc.: Chinese television drama series originating from Mainland China or the Greater China region / is subclass of drama television series / is subclass of dramatic programming / is instance of television genre
7. drama television series (wd:Q1366112, matched via drama TV series), also known as drama series, dramatic television series, drama TV series, television drama series, TV drama series: television programme content that is scripted and fictional along the lines of a traditional drama / is subclass of drama television program / is instance of television series genre / is subclass of television series / television series genre / is subclass of serial
8. Landman (wd:Q124447212, matched via Landman (TV series)), also known as Landman (TV series): is instance of television series / American television series / is instance of serial
9. Belgravia (wd:Q65120601, matched via Belgravia TV series), also known as Belgravia TV series: is instance of television series / American television series / is instance of serial
10. Disney Junior's Ariel (wd:Q121863673, matched via Ariel (TV series)), also known as Ariel (TV series), Disney Jr.'s Ariel: American animated television series / is instance of television series / is instance of animated series / is instance of serial

[Assistant] The search didn't find "Charmed" in the top suggestions. I'll search more specifically for "Charmed (TV series)" and for the 1998 series and the 2018 reboot to be safe.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nahkiaiset (TV Series 1998) (wd:Q113644045): is instance of television series / is instance of serial
2. TV Challenger Series 3000 (TVC-3000) (wd:Q70091786): is subclass of home video game console / is instance of product model / is instance of model / Pong console
3. television series (wd:Q5398426, matched via TV series), also known as television show, TV series, TV-series, TV show: connected set of television programme episodes under the same title / connected set of television program episodes under the same title / is instance of type of television program / is subclass of series of creative works / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of television program / is subclass of serial
4. miniseries (wd:Q1259759, matched via TV mini series), also known as event series, limited serial, limited series, mini-series, television mini-series, etc.: TV shows or series that have a predetermined number of episodes / is instance of type of television program / is subclass of serial drama
5. Halo (wd:Q55279915, matched via Halo (TV Series)), also known as Halo: The Television Series, Halo (TV Series): is instance of television series / is instance of serial / television series
6. children's television series (wd:Q1273568, matched via children's TV series), also known as children's TV series, kids tv, kids TV series: television programs designed for, and marketed to children / is subclass of children's television program / is subclass of family television series / is instance of television series genre
7. Scream (wd:Q18645277, matched via Scream: The TV Series), also known as Scream: The TV Series: 2015 American horror television series / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
8. television series season (wd:Q3464665, matched via TV series season), also known as season, Season, season of a television series, season of a TV show, season of television series, etc.: set of episodes produced for a television series / set of episodes produced by a television series / is subclass of series of creative works / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of creative work season / is subclass of television program / is subclass of serial
9. Chinese television drama (wd:Q28195059, matched via Chinese tv series), also known as cdrama, C-drama, Chinese drama, Chinese drama serial, Chinese drama series, etc.: Chinese television drama series originating from Mainland China or the Greater China region / is subclass of drama television series / is subclass of dramatic programming / is instance of television genre
10. APF TV Fun series (wd:Q685088): series of dedicated first-generation home video game console series produced, released and marketed by APF starting in 1976 / is subclass of home video game console model / is subclass of home video game console / is instance of model series

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Charmed (wd:Q162371): American supernatural drama / fantasy television series (1998–2006) / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
2. Charmed (wd:Q53162693): American television series, reboot of Charmed (1998–2006) / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
3. Charmed (wd:Q1067576): is instance of musical group / Norwegian musical group
4. Charmed (wd:Q2564039), also known as Charmed (comics): comic book that is an officially licensed continuation of the popular The WB television series of the same name / is instance of comic book
5. Charmed (wd:Q11963476): 2000 self-titled debut studio album by Charmed / is instance of album
6. Charmed (wd:Q5086449): video game based on the fourth season of the television series of the same name / is instance of video game / 2003 video game / 2003 video game
7. Charmed (wd:Q133201824): is instance of literary work
8. Charmed (wd:Q128008863): is instance of television series episode / episode of The Little Mermaid (S1 E7)
9. Charmed Life (wd:Q3666778): is instance of album / album by Billy Idol
10. Charmed Life (wd:Q3273588), also known as Chrestomanci, book 1, the first Chrestomanci book: 1977 novel by Diana Wynne Jones / is instance of literary work

[Assistant] I'll look for the property used to link a television series to its actors (cast/starring). I'll query properties of the Charmed (1998) item for something like "cast" or "starring".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member (wd:P161 as p/wdt, matched via actor), also known as actor, actress, contestant of a play, feat., film starring, etc.: actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions] / actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... as qualifiers] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / actor performing live for a camera or audience [use ... as qualifier] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of performer
2. soundtrack release (wd:P406 as p/wdt, matched via OST), also known as has soundtrack album, OST, soundtrack album, soundtrack extended play, soundtrack single, etc.: music release that incorporates music directly recorded from the soundtrack of an audiovisual work
3. original broadcaster (wd:P449 as p/wdt, matched via channel), also known as aired on, airs on, broadcast on, channel, first air channel, etc.: network(s) or service(s) that originally broadcasted a radio or television programme / network(s) or service(s) that originally broadcast a radio or television program / is subproperty of broadcast by
4. start time (wd:P580 as p/wdt, matched via from), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / is subproperty of point in time
5. duration (wd:P2047 as p/wdt, matched via era), also known as cook time, era, interval, length, length of time, etc.: length of time of an event or process / length of time of an event or process / length of time of an event or process
6. has part(s) (wd:P527 as p/wdt, matched via contain), also known as amalgamation of, assembled from, assembled out of, composed of, comprised of, etc.: part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670). / part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670). / part of this subject, also valuable subclass or exemplar. Inverse property of "part of".
7. derivative work (wd:P4969 as p/wdt, matched via cover), also known as adaptation, adapted as, cover, derived work, has adaptation, etc.: work created from major part of this artwork; work created from major part of this software / new work of art (film, book, software, etc.) derived from major part of this work
8. end time (wd:P582 as p/wdt, matched via to), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / is subproperty of point in time
9. creator (wd:P170 as p/wdt, matched via by), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.: maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of a creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
10. title (wd:P1476 as p/wdt), also known as article title, full title, headline, known as, name, etc.: published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work / published title of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, a website, or a performance work / published title of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, a website, or a performance work / is subproperty of name

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that uses the cast member property (wdt:P161) on the Charmed (1998) TV series (wd:Q162371) to retrieve each cast member's Wikidata IRI and their date of birth (wdt:P569). I'll request English rdfs:label for readability. Then I'll inspect the results and report them. I'll execute that query now.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| actor                          | actorLabel             | birthDate                           |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Alyssa Milano (wd:Q189067)     | Alyssa Milano (en)     | 1972-12-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Holly Marie Combs (wd:Q162578) | Holly Marie Combs (en) | 1973-12-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Rose McGowan (wd:Q211040)      | Rose McGowan (en)      | 1973-09-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Shannen Doherty (wd:Q207598)   | Shannen Doherty (en)   | 1971-04-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?lake ?lakeLabel ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?lake {
    wd:Q6386177 wd:Q22434937
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lake wdt:P17 ?country .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lake wdt:P131 * ?admin .
    ?admin wdt:P17 ?country .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lake rdfs:label ?lakeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?lakeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?lake

Using entities:
Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937)
Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177)

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.
country (wd:P17 as wdt), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17

Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| lake                         | lakeLabel          | country         | countryLabel |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------- | ------------ |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | Limerick Lake (en) | Canada (wd:Q16) | Canada (en)  |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177)  | Limerick Lake (en) | Canada (wd:Q16) | Canada (en)  |

Answer: Both Wikidata items for "Limerick Lake" (wd:Q22434937 and wd:Q6386177) are in Canada (wd:Q16). Therefore, Limerick Lake is in Canada.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] In which country is the Limerick Lake?

[Assistant]
Step 1: I'll search Wikidata for an entity named "Limerick Lake" to find its Q-id and confirm the relevant properties (location, country, or located in administrative territorial entity).

I'll run a search for the entity "Limerick Lake".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177): lake in Hastings Country, Ontario, Canada / lake in Hastings Country, Ontario, Canada / lake in Hastings Country, Ontario, Canada / is instance of lake
2. Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937): lake in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada / lake in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada / lake in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada / is instance of lake
3. Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749): lake in Mason County, Washington state, United States of America / is instance of reservoir / is instance of lake
4. Lake Limerick Dam (wd:Q48991830): dam impounding Cranberry Creek in Mason County, Washington state, United States of America / is instance of dam
5. lake (wd:Q23397), also known as Lake, lakes: body of relatively still water, localised in a basin / body of relatively still water, localised in a basin / body of relatively still water, localized in a basin / is subclass of overground still body of fresh water / is instance of feature type / is subclass of still waters / is subclass of open water / is subclass of landform / is subclass of Landform
6. Lake Baikal (wd:Q5513), also known as Baikal, Baikal Sea, Baykal: freshwater rift lake in southern Siberia, Russia / is instance of lake / lake in Russia
7. Dead Sea (wd:Q23883, matched via Asphaltic Lake), also known as Asphaltic Lake, Asphaltic Pool, Death sea, Lake Asphaltites, Lake Asphaltitis, etc.: is instance of hypersaline lake / is instance of endorheic lake / sea in the middle East / lake in Israel / lake in Israel
8. Salt Lake City (wd:Q23337, matched via Salt Lake), also known as Salt Lake, Salt Lake City, UT, Salt Lake City, Utah, SLC: city in and county seat of Salt Lake County, Utah, United States and the capital of Utah / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of county seat / city in Utah
9. Lake Victoria (wd:Q5505), also known as Lake Nyanza, Victoria Nyanza: lake in east-central Africa / is instance of lake
10. Lake Tanganyika (wd:Q5511), also known as Tanganyika: is instance of lake / lake in Africa

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that finds items whose English label is "Limerick Lake" and returns their country (directly P17 or via administrative territorial entity P131). This handles multiple lakes with that exact name. Now I'll execute the query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll check the Wikidata item Q6386177 (Limerick Lake in Hastings County) to find its country (P17) or administrative location (P131). I'll list triples with that subject.

[Tool]
Got 88 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                                    | object                                                                   |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | lake (wd:Q23397)                                                         |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Canada (wd:Q16)                                                          |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Ontario (wd:Q1904)                                                       |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-77.617222 44.892778) (geo:wktLiteral)                             |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Limerick%20Lake.jpg> |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                      | /m/0b3jql                                                                |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | GeoNames ID (wdtn:P1566)                                    | <https://sws.geonames.org/6054140/>                                      |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | elevation above sea level (wdt:P2044)                       | 314 (xsd:decimal)                                                        |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | width (wdt:P2049)                                           | 2.2 (xsd:decimal)                                                        |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177) | area (wdt:P2046)                                            | 8.3 (xsd:decimal)                                                        |
| ...                         | ...                                                         | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] Now I'll run a SPARQL query that finds all items whose English label is exactly "Limerick Lake" and returns their country (P17) or the country of their administrative territorial entity (via P131* -> P17). I will also return labels for readability. Then I'll execute it to get the definitive result.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll list triples for wd:Q22434937 to confirm its country.

[Tool]
Got 63 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object                                          |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | lake (wd:Q23397)                                |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Canada (wd:Q16)                                 |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Unorganized North Algoma District (wd:Q7897247) |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-83.758333 47.200278) (geo:wktLiteral)    |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | GeoNames ID (wdtn:P1566)                                    | <https://sws.geonames.org/6054141/>             |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | elevation above sea level (wdt:P2044)                       | 486 (xsd:decimal)                               |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | CGNDB unique ID (wdt:P821)                                  | FBXQZ                                           |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | wdt:P31279                                                  | lake (wd:Q23397)                                |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | schema:description                                          | järvi Kanadassa (fi)                            |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | schema:name                                                 | lac Limerick (fr)                               |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...                                             |

[Assistant] I'll execute a SPARQL query that finds all items with the English label "Limerick Lake" and returns their country (direct P17 or via P131 administrative chain). This verifies the country (or countries) for entities named "Limerick Lake".

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out.

[Assistant] I'll list triples for wd:Q49303749 (Lake Limerick) to verify its country before using it in the final query.

[Tool]
Got 43 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object                                        |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | lake (wd:Q23397)                              |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                        |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Mason County (wd:Q111904)                     |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-123.045556 47.286111) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | GeoNames ID (wdtn:P1566)                                    | <https://sws.geonames.org/5800955/>           |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | elevation above sea level (wdt:P2044)                       | 67 (xsd:decimal)                              |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | GNIS Feature ID (wdtn:P590)                                 | <http://gnis-ld.org/lod/gnis/feature/1528992> |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | drainage basin (wdt:P4614)                                  | Puget Sound Basin (wd:Q99943154)              |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | inflows (wdt:P200)                                          | Cranberry Creek (wd:Q101094883)               |
| Lake Limerick (wd:Q49303749) | outflows (wdt:P201)                                         | Cranberry Creek (wd:Q101094883)               |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...                                           |

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that finds items whose English label is "Limerick Lake" or "Lake Limerick" and returns their country (direct P17 or via administrative territorial entity P131). This will show all relevant lakes and their countries so I can answer which country Limerick Lake is in (and note any ambiguity). I'll execute that query now.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll run a focused SPARQL query that returns the country for the two Wikidata items I found for "Limerick Lake" in Ontario (wd:Q6386177 and wd:Q22434937). This is a simple, targeted query to make sure it executes successfully and returns the country IRIs. Now I'll execute that query.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| lake                         | lakeLabel          | country         | countryLabel |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------- | ------------ |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q22434937) | Limerick Lake (en) | Canada (wd:Q16) | Canada (en)  |
| Limerick Lake (wd:Q6386177)  | Limerick Lake (en) | Canada (wd:Q16) | Canada (en)  |

[Assistant] I'll now run a final SPARQL query that returns the Wikidata IRIs for the two verified items labeled "Limerick Lake" (wd:Q6386177 and wd:Q22434937) together with their country IRIs. This confirms the country and provides the actual identifiers in the result. After executing it, I'll report the answer.

[Tool] Stopping