PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 ; wdt:P30 wd:Q46 .
}

Using entities:
sovereign state (wd:Q3624078), also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state
Europe (wd:Q46), also known as European continent, European Continent, European Peninsula, Old Continent, The Old Continent

Using properties:
continent (wd:P30 as wdt), also known as P30
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 48 (xsd:int) |

Answer:
I ran the following steps:
1) Searched for the Europe item: found Europe (wd:Q46).
2) Searched for the class 'sovereign state': found sovereign state (wd:Q3624078).
3) Verified the property 'continent' is P30.
4) Executed the SPARQL query above which counts items that are instance of sovereign state and have continent Europe.

Result: The query returns count = 48.

Answer: According to Wikidata (using items that are instance of 'sovereign state' with 'continent' Europe), there are 48 countries in Europe.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many countries are there in Europe?

[Assistant] I'll first look up relevant entities and properties on Wikidata: the Europe item and the class for "sovereign state" or "country", and the property used to state a country is in Europe (continent or located in continent). I'll search for "Europe", "sovereign state", and properties like "continent" or "located in continent". I'll explain each step and run queries to verify.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Europe (wd:Q46), also known as European continent, European Continent, European Peninsula, Old Continent, The Old Continent: continent in Earth, mainly on the northeastern quadrant / continent in the Northern Hemisphere / continent in the Northern Hemisphere / is instance of part of the world / is instance of continent / continent
2. European Union (wd:Q458, matched via Europe), also known as eu, E.U., Europe: economic and political union of states mostly located in Europe / economic and political union of states located in Europe / political and economic union of 27 European states / political and economic union of 27 European states / is instance of political economic union / is instance of regional organization / is instance of regional organisation / is instance of supranational union / is instance of confederation
3. Europa (wd:Q165170, matched via Europe), also known as Europe, Evropa: Phoenician character in Greek mythology, daughter of Agenor / is instance of mythological Greek character / is instance of fictional human
4. Europe (wd:Q185144): is instance of musical group / Swedish rock band
5. Europe (wd:Q579160): is instance of national anthem / National anthem of Kosovo
6. Europe (wd:Q1163173): is instance of One-Design sailboat / is instance of international class / international racing sailing class / is instance of sailboat class / is subclass of centerboarder / is subclass of yal
7. Europe (wd:Q766618): is instance of underground station / is instance of metro station / Paris Métro station
8. James Reese Europe (wd:Q1280917, matched via Europe), also known as Europe, James Europe, James Reese Europe, Sr., James R. Europe, James R. Europe, Sr., etc.: American jazz musician and United States Army officer (1880-1919) / has occupation jazz musician / has occupation mandolinist / has occupation bandleader / has occupation conductor / has occupation composer / has occupation pianist / is instance of human
9. Europe (wd:Q198697): 1983 debut studio album by Europe / is instance of album / album by Europe / album by Europe
10. Europe (wd:Q612228): is instance of magazine / French magazine

[Assistant] I'll search for the Wikidata item for "sovereign state" and for properties linking countries to continents (like "continent" P30 or "located in the administrative territorial entity" P131).

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sovereign state (wd:Q3624078), also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state: political organisation with a centralised independent government / political organisation with a centralised independent government / state that has the highest authority over a territory / is subclass of country / is subclass of state
2. Westphalian sovereignty (wd:Q442402, matched via state sovereignty), also known as state sovereignty, Westphalian system: concept of the sovereignty of nation-states in Europe / is subclass of world order / is instance of model
3. state sovereignty (wd:Q56350990), also known as national sovereignty
4. The Sovereign State (wd:Q7765603): is instance of literary work / book by Anthony Sampson
5. State Sovereignty Day (wd:Q130322685): Day commemorated in honor of the restoration of the ... Republic of Azerbaijan following the Anti-Terror Operation / is instance of holiday
6. Sovereign State of Forvik (wd:Q2011058): micronation founded on Forewick Holm in 2008 by Stuart Hill / is instance of micronation
7. Indonesian Sovereign State Party (wd:Q106361064), also known as Pandai Party: political party in Indonesia
8. Act on the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg (wd:Q123225392, matched via State Sovereign Signs Act), also known as Land Sovereignty Signs Act, State Sovereign Signs Act: German state law on the design and use of the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg / German state law on the design and use of the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg / is instance of state law
9. New Union Treaty (wd:Q218877, matched via Union of Sovereign States), also known as Union of Sovereign States, Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics: is instance of proposed state merger / is instance of document / is instance of concept / draft treaty of 1991
10. Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina (wd:Q7571613), also known as Aeterna Lucina: is instance of micronation / Micronation

[Assistant] I'll search for the property "continent" (P30) and confirm its use to link countries to continents.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. continent (wd:P30 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P30), also known as P30: is subproperty of located in/on physical feature / is subproperty of located on terrain feature / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part
2. EE breed number (wd:P303 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P303), also known as breed number, P303: breed identification number per the EE list of the breeds of fancy pigeons (ELFP)
3. category's main topic (wd:P301 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P301), also known as article with category's topic, category's main article, category's main subject, category's subject, category's topic, etc.: primary topic of the subject Wikimedia category / primary topic of the subject Wikimedia category / primary topic of the subject Wikimedia category / is subproperty of main subject
4. page(s) (wd:P304 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P304), also known as p., page, page cited, page number, page numbers, etc.: page number of source referenced for statement. Note "column(s)" (P3903) and "folio(s)" (P7416) for other numbering systems / page number of source referenced for statement
5. IETF language tag (wd:P305 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P305), also known as BCP 47 language code, ISO language code IETF implementation, language code, language tag IETF, P305: identifier for language or languoid per the Internet ... Format: 2 or 3 letters, followed by "-" if subtags present
6. operating system (wd:P306 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P306), also known as OS, supported operating system, supported OS, supported platform, P306: operating system (OS) on which a software works or the OS installed on hardware
7. residence time of water (wd:P3020 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P3020), also known as lake residence time, lake retention time, retention time, water residence time, water retention time, etc.: Residence time of water in a lake or sea / time water remains in a lake or sea / is subproperty of duration
8. World Archery athlete ID (wd:P3010 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P3010), also known as World Archery Federation ID, World Archery ID, P3010: identifier for sportsperson in the World Archery Federation database / identifier for sportsperson in the World Archery database
9. laws applied (wd:P3014 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P3014), also known as applied law, law applied, legal base, P3014: the constitutional and statutory provisions that were the primary basis for a decision or law / the constitutional and statutory provisions that were the primary basis for the decision
10. precipitation height (wd:P3036 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via P3036), also known as amount of precipitation, amount of rain, amount of snow, precipitation amount, rain amount, etc.: maximum height of snow or rain during an event or space of time / maximum height of snow or rain during an event or space of time

[Assistant] I'll test a simple query: count items that are instance of (P31) sovereign state (wd:Q3624078) and have continent (P30) Europe (wd:Q46). I'll run a COUNT query. I'll explain I'm forming the query and then execute it.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 48 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] Explaining my steps and results: I searched for the Wikidata items for Europe and for the class "sovereign state", verified the property "continent" (P30), then ran a COUNT query that selects items that are instance of sovereign state and have continent Europe. The executed SPARQL query and the numeric result are provided below. Now I'll return the final query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?work ?workLabel ?museum ?museumLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?work {
    wd:Q18891155 wd:Q18891156 wd:Q18891157 wd:Q18891158
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  VALUES ?prop {
    wdt:P276 wdt:P195 wdt:P127
  }
  ?work ?prop ?museum .
  ?museum wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q33506 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?museum rdfs:label ?museumLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?museumLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?museumLabel

Using entities:
The Scream (wd:Q18891155)
The Scream (wd:Q18891156)
The Scream (wd:Q18891157)
The Scream (wd:Q18891158)
museum (wd:Q33506), also known as museal institution, museum-style institution

Using properties:
owned by (wd:P127 as wdt), also known as belonged to, belongs to, is owned by, owner, owners, etc.
collection (wd:P195 as wdt), also known as archival holdings, archives, art collection, bibliographic collection, book collection, etc.
location (wd:P276 as wdt), also known as based in, city, from, held by, in, etc.
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.

Got 4 rows and 4 columns:
| work                      | workLabel       | museum                                                        | museumLabel                                          |
| ------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | The Scream (en) | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                     | Munch Museum (en)                                    |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | The Scream (en) | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                     | Munch Museum (en)                                    |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | The Scream (en) | National Gallery of Norway (wd:Q3330707)                      | National Gallery of Norway (en)                      |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | The Scream (en) | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (wd:Q1132918) | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (en) |

Answer:
Results: The query shows that versions of Edvard Munch's "The Scream" are held/exhibited by the following museums (with Wikidata IRIs):

- Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)
- National Gallery of Norway (wd:Q3330707)
- National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (wd:Q1132918)

Note: There are multiple versions of "The Scream" (paintings and pastels). The query returned Munch Museum for two of the works, and the National Gallery / National Museum for another version.

Which museum exhibits The Scream by Munch?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Which museum exhibits The Scream by Munch?

[Assistant] I will first search Wikidata for the work "The Scream" (by Edvard Munch) to find its Wikidata item(s) and identify how many versions exist and which museums hold them. I'll search for entities matching "The Scream".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Scream (wd:Q471379), also known as Scream: group of paintings by Edvard Munch / is instance of group of paintings / is instance of work of art / is instance of Work of art
2. The Scream (wd:Q1188720): album by Siouxsie and the Banshees / is instance of album
3. De Schreeuw (wd:Q920580, matched via The Scream), also known as The Scream: sculpture by Jeroen Henneman / is instance of sculpture / is instance of memorial
4. The Scream (wd:Q1101680): is instance of musical group / American hard rock band
5. The Scream (wd:Q4241005), also known as Scream: 1993 Azerbaijani war film by Jeyhun Mirzayev / is instance of film
6. The Scream (wd:Q18891155): pastel drawing by Edvard Munch (1893) / painting by Edvard Munch / is instance of painting
7. The Scream (wd:Q18891156): painting by Edvard Munch (1893) / painting by Edvard Munch (1893) / is instance of painting
8. The Scream (wd:Q18891158): painting by Edvard Munch (1910) / painting by Edvard Munch / is instance of painting
9. The Scream (wd:Q18891157): pastel by Edvard Munch (1895) / painting by Edvard Munch / is instance of painting
10. The Scream (wd:Q67151412): 2019 short film directed by Francesco Barilli / is instance of short film

[Assistant] I'll inspect one of the specific items for The Scream (e.g., Q18891155) to see which properties indicate museum ownership or location (P195 collection, P276 location, etc.).

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                     | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | painting (wd:Q3305213)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | title (wdt:P1476)            | The Scream (en)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | catalog code (wdt:P528)      | 332                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | The Scream (MM.M.00122b) by Edvard Munch                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | image (wdt:P18)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edvard%20Munch%20-%20The%20Scream%20-%20MM.M.00122b%20-%20Munch%20Museum.jpg> |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | copyright status (wdt:P6216) | public domain (wd:Q19652)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | location (wdt:P276)          | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | inception (wdt:P571)         | 1893-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | described at URL (wdt:P973)  | <https://foto.munchmuseet.no/fotoweb/archives/5026-Malerier/Arkiv/MM.M.00122B.tif.info>                                           |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | collection (wdt:P195)        | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                                                                |
| ...                       | ...                          | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] Now I'll run a SPARQL query that finds works by Edvard Munch with the English title or label "The Scream" and returns their museum locations/collections/owners. I'll request the work and museum IRIs and English labels where available.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll search for entities with labels related to "The Scream" and Edvard Munch to get the specific item identifiers.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Edvard Munch: The Scream (wd:Q110953479): October 24 2012-April 29 2013 exhibition at Museum of Modern Art / is instance of art exhibition / is instance of event
2. [Atmosphere, The scream and Edvard Munch] (wd:Q57128356): scientific article published on 01 January 2014 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. Edvard Munch's The Scream and Madonna found (wd:Q18016696): is instance of Wikinews article / Wikinews article / Wikinews article
4. Edvard Munch and The Scream: A Cry for Help. (wd:Q49491329): scientific article published in February 2018 / scientific article published in February 2018 / scientific article published in February 2018 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
5. Edvard Munch’s ‘The Scream’ goes for $119.9 million at Sotheby’s (wd:Q110279200): is instance of news article / news article
6. The girls on the bridge: Edvard Munch (wd:Q38415313): scientific article published on April 2015 / scientific article published on April 2015 / scientific article published on April 2015 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
7. Edvard Munch: Between the Clock and the Bed (wd:Q115055095): 2017–2018 Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum / is instance of art exhibition
8. Edvard Munch: The Modern Life of the Soul (wd:Q110893789): 2006 exhibition at Museum of Modern Art / is instance of art exhibition / is instance of event
9. Edvard Munch: the complete graphic works (wd:Q123434368), also known as Woll: complete graphic works: is instance of catalogue raisonné / is instance of Сatalog raisonne / work by Gerd Woll
10. Edvard Munch at the Beach in Warnemünde (wd:Q121775027): photograph by Edvard Munch (Munchmuseet, MM.F.00064-01) / is instance of photograph

[Assistant] I'll look up the specific Wikidata items for the different versions of The Scream that appeared in the entity search results (Q18891155, Q18891156, Q18891157, Q18891158) to see their location/collection properties. I'll query each item for location (P276), collection (P195), and owner (P127).

[Tool]
Got 213 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                       | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | instance of (wdt:P31)          | painting (wd:Q3305213)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | title (wdt:P1476)              | Der Schrei (de)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | catalog code (wdt:P528)        | 16                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | country (wdt:P17)              | Norway (wd:Q20)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(10.737500 59.916200) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | Commons category (wdt:P373)    | The Scream - Edvard Munch, 1893 - (Nasjonalmuseet)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | image (wdt:P18)                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edvard%20Munch%20-%20The%20Scream%20-%20NG.M.00939%20-%20National%20Museum%20of%20Art%2C%20Architecture%20and%20Design.jpg> |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | copyright status (wdt:P6216)   | public domain (wd:Q19652)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | location (wdt:P276)            | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (wd:Q1132918)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | inception (wdt:P571)           | 1893-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| ...                       | ...                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] Now check Q18891157 (1895 pastel) and Q18891158 (1910 version), and also Q18891155 (which we already saw).

[Tool]
Got 97 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                      | object                                                                         |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | instance of (wdt:P31)         | painting (wd:Q3305213)                                                         |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | catalog code (wdt:P528)       | 372                                                                            |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | image (wdt:P18)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Scream%20Pastel.jpg> |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | copyright status (wdt:P6216)  | public domain (wd:Q19652)                                                      |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | inception (wdt:P571)          | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                            |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | collection (wdt:P195)         | _:bn1336333                                                                    |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | made from material (wdt:P186) | pastel (wd:Q189085)                                                            |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | creator (wdt:P170)            | Edvard Munch (wd:Q41406)                                                       |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | height (wdt:P2048)            | 79 (xsd:decimal)                                                               |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891157) | significant event (wdt:P793)  | auction (wd:Q177923)                                                           |
| ...                       | ...                           | ...                                                                            |

[Tool]
Got 132 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                     | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | painting (wd:Q3305213)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Skrik (no)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | catalog code (wdt:P528)      | 896                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | The Scream (MM.M.00514) by Edvard Munch                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | image (wdt:P18)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edvard%20Munch%20-%20The%20Scream%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg> |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | part of (wdt:P361)           | The Scream (wd:Q471379)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | copyright status (wdt:P6216) | public domain (wd:Q19652)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | location (wdt:P276)          | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | inception (wdt:P571)         | 1893-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | described at URL (wdt:P973)  | <https://www.munchmuseet.no/en/object/MM.M.00514>                                                                       |
| ...                       | ...                          | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that finds all works that are The Scream (by label, title or as part of the group Q471379), then finds their location/collection/owner, and filters those locations to items that are museums (instance of museum or subclass). I'll request the museum IRIs and English labels. Now I'll execute that query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll run a focused SPARQL query that checks the known Wikidata items for the different versions of The Scream and returns their museum locations (items that are instances or subclasses of 'museum'). This verifies which museums exhibit versions of The Scream.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 4 columns:
| work                      | workLabel       | museum                                                        | museumLabel                                          |
| ------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891155) | The Scream (en) | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                     | Munch Museum (en)                                    |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891158) | The Scream (en) | Munch Museum (wd:Q844926)                                     | Munch Museum (en)                                    |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | The Scream (en) | National Gallery of Norway (wd:Q3330707)                      | National Gallery of Norway (en)                      |
| The Scream (wd:Q18891156) | The Scream (en) | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (wd:Q1132918) | National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (en) |

[Assistant]
Step-by-step summary of what I did (brief):

1. Searched Wikidata for entities matching "The Scream" and identified the specific items for the different versions (Q18891155, Q18891156, Q18891157, Q18891158).
2. Inspected those items' statements to find properties that link to museums (P276 location, P195 collection, P127 owner).
3. Ran a SPARQL query that looked up those specific work items and returned the museums that are instances (or subclasses) of museum (wd:Q33506).

I am returning the final SPARQL query I executed and the summarized answer below.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?mayor ?mayorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q33935 wdt:P6 ?mayor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?mayor rdfs:label ?mayorLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?mayorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Tel Aviv (wd:Q33935), also known as Tel aviv, Tel-aviv, Tel-Aviv, Tel Aviv City, Tel Aviv, Israel, etc.

Using properties:
head of government (wd:P6 as wdt), also known as chancellor, executive power headed by, first minister, government headed by, governor, etc.

Answer: The mayor of Tel Aviv is Ron Huldai (wd:Q114760).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Who is the mayor of Tel Aviv?

[Assistant] Step 1 — I'll search for the Wikidata item for "Tel Aviv" to get its identifier. I'll explain my reasoning and then run a search.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tel Aviv (wd:Q33935), also known as Tel aviv, Tel-aviv, Tel-Aviv, Tel Aviv City, Tel Aviv, Israel, etc.: is instance of city council / is instance of big city / is instance of city / city in Israel / city in Israel
2. Tel Aviv (wd:Q15755268): is instance of archaeology journal / is instance of scientific journal / journal
3. Tel Aviv (wd:Q16131234): is instance of musical work/composition / song by Omer Adam
4. Tel Aviv (wd:Q6583053): has occupation painter / is instance of human / Israeli painter / Israeli painter / Israeli painter
5. Tel Aviv (wd:Q103969725): is instance of encyclopaedic article / is instance of encyclopedia article / encyclopedia article
6. Tel Aviv (wd:Q91939097): visual artwork by Liselotte Grschebina 343450 / is instance of visual artwork
7. Tel Aviv (wd:Q91946708): photograph by Liselotte Grschebina 343498 / is instance of photograph
8. Tel Aviv (wd:Q91932450): photograph by Liselotte Grschebina 343501 / is instance of photograph
9. Tel Aviv (wd:Q76626599): photograph by Liselotte Grschebina / is instance of photograph
10. Ben Gurion Airport (wd:Q181479, matched via Tel Aviv airport), also known as LLBG, Tel Aviv airport, TLV: is instance of commercial traffic aerodrome / is instance of international airport / main international airport of Israel / airport in Israel / airport in Israel

[Assistant] Now I'll search for properties of the Tel Aviv item that might indicate its mayor — likely properties like "head of government", "mayor", or "head of state". I'll search for properties with query "mayor" and then for properties of the entity. I'll explain and run two searches.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. head of government (wd:P6 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via mayor), also known as chancellor, executive power headed by, first minister, government headed by, governor, etc.: head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body / head of the executive power of a town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body / head of the executive power of a town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body / is subproperty of director / manager / is subproperty of manager/director / is subproperty of director/manager / is subproperty of chairperson
2. head of state (wd:P35 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via governor), also known as chief of state, emperor, governor, king, leader, etc.: official with the highest formal authority in a country/state / official with the highest formal authority in a country / official with the highest formal authority in a country / is subproperty of director / manager / is subproperty of manager/director / is subproperty of director/manager / is subproperty of chairperson
3. legislative body (wd:P194 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via municipal council), also known as aboriginal council, assembly, city council, council, diet, etc.: legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council / legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council / legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
4. rector (wd:P1075 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as chancellor, president, Rector (academia), university president, P1075: senior official in an educational institution. / senior official in an educational institution / is subproperty of director / manager / is subproperty of director/manager / is subproperty of manager/director / is subproperty of chairperson
5. party chief representative (wd:P210 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via party chief), also known as communist party chief, Communist Party Secretary, party chief, party secretary, P210: chief representative of a party in an institution or an administrative unit (use qualifier to identify the party) / chief representative of a party in an institution or an administrative unit (use qualifier to identify the party)
6. country of citizenship (wd:P27 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via citizen of), also known as citizen of, citizenship, country, (legal) nationality, nation, etc.: the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / is subproperty of country
7. capital (wd:P36 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via government seat), also known as administrative capital, administrative center, administrative centre, administrative headquarters, administrative seat, etc.: location (city, municipality) of governmental seat of the country, or administrative territorial entity / seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity / city of governmental seat of the country, state or administrative subdivision
8. elector (wd:P2319 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as eligible voters, qualified voters, type of electors, P2319: people or other entities which are qualified to participate in the subject election
9. electorate (wd:P1831 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq), also known as P1831: number of persons qualified to vote during elections
10. electoral district (wd:P768 as ps/psv/wdt/wdtn/p/pqv/prv/prn/pr/psn/pqn/pq, matched via electorate), also known as constituency, electoral area, electorate, riding, seat, etc.: electoral district this person is representing, or of the ... "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602) / electoral district this person is representing. Use as qualifier for "position held" (P39)

[Assistant] Next I'll run a SPARQL query against Wikidata to get the value of property P6 (head of government) for the Tel Aviv item wd:Q33935, and also request the English label for the returned item. I'll run a simple SELECT query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| mayor                   | mayorLabel      |
| ----------------------- | --------------- |
| Ron Huldai (wd:Q114760) | Ron Huldai (en) |

[Assistant] I will provide the final SPARQL query (which I already executed) and the answer based on its results. I'll include the query I ran and the identified mayor's Wikidata QID and English label.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK {
  {
    wd:Q128160 wdt:P580 ?cmcDate
  } UNION {
    wd:Q128160 wdt:P585 ?cmcDate
  }
  {
    wd:Q191721 wdt:P580 ?bopDate
  } UNION {
    wd:Q191721 wdt:P585 ?bopDate
  }
  FILTER ( ?cmcDate < ?bopDate )
}

Using entities:
Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160)
Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721)

Using properties:
start time (wd:P580 as wdt), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.
point in time (wd:P585 as wdt), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.

Answer: No. The ASK query comparing start/point-in-time dates returns false: the Cuban Missile Crisis was not earlier than the Bay of Pigs Invasion (Bay of Pigs occurred in April 1961; the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962).

Was the Cuban Missile Crisis earlier than the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Was the Cuban Missile Crisis earlier than the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for the Wikidata items for the two events mentioned ("Cuban Missile Crisis" and "Bay of Pigs Invasion") to get their entity identifiers. I'll start by searching for "Cuban Missile Crisis".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160): October 1962 confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States / is instance of political crisis / is instance of Conflict / is instance of conflict
2. Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q124064455): is instance of video game / 2005 video game
3. Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q108371818): is instance of video game series / video game series / video game series / video game series
4. Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q64117091): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scholarly article
5. Cuban Missile Crisis: The Aftermath (wd:Q1619053): is instance of video game / 2005 video game / 2005 video game / 2005 video game
6. 13 Days: The Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q56297685), also known as 13 Days: is instance of board game / Movie
7. Roots of the Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q7366662): is instance of film / 2001 film
8. Anatomy of the Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q58521477): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet Story (wd:Q58537372): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q86291856): 1987 book by Raymond L. Garthoff / is instance of book

[Assistant] I will select wd:Q128160 for the historical event. Next, I'll search for "Bay of Pigs Invasion".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721): failed landing operation of Cuba in 1961 / is instance of amphibious warfare / is instance of landing operation / is instance of Landing operation / operation
2. Bay of Pigs (wd:Q208508): bay on the island of Cuba / is instance of bight / is instance of bay
3. Bay of Pigs Museum (wd:Q4874221), also known as Brigade 2506 Museum and Library: is instance of museum / museum in Florida
4. Bay of Pigs Monument (wd:Q64578297): Monument in Little Havana, Miami, commemorates those lost in the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion. / is instance of work of art / is instance of Work of art
5. Bay of Pigs (wd:Q115806181): board wargame published in 1976 / is instance of board wargame
6. Bay of Pigs (wd:Q4874219): is instance of album / album by Destroyer / album by Destroyer / album by Destroyer
7. Bay of Pigs Redux? (wd:Q129230462): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scholarly article
8. Bay of Married Pigs (wd:Q110291915): is instance of television series episode / Sex and the City, Season 1, Episode 3
9. Bay of Pigs (wd:Q114489712): is instance of television series episode / episode of The Practice (S4 E9)
10. The Bay of Pigs (wd:Q58536803): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant] Next I'll list statements about wd:Q128160 (Cuban Missile Crisis) to find its date properties (start time P580 or point in time P585).

[Tool]
Got 562 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                                     | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | instance of (wdt:P31)                        | conflict (wd:Q180684)                                                                            |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | country (wdt:P17)                            | Cuba (wd:Q241)                                                                                |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)               | POINT(-82.388500 23.116600) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                     |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                  | Cuban Missile Crisis                                                                             |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | image (wdt:P18)                              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soviet-R-12-nuclear-ballistic%20missile.jpg> |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | part of (wdt:P361)                           | Cold War (wd:Q8683)                                                                              |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                       | /m/01zxx                                                                                |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | location (wdt:P276)                          | Cuba (wd:Q241)                                                                                |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)                           | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4136402-8>                                                                |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (wd:Q128160) | Library of Congress authority ID (wdtn:P244) | <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85034624>                                                 |
| ...                               | ...                                          | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time (wd:P580 as wdt/p), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / is subproperty of point in time
2. end time (wd:P582 as wdt/p), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / is subproperty of point in time
3. point in time (wd:P585 as wdt/p, matched via point time), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true
4. time period (wd:P2348 as wdt/p), also known as oge (oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ oge, oge egwuregwu, oge ... omebe iwu wdg) nke isiokwu ahụ mere ma ọ bụ nke ejikọtara ya., P2348: time period (historic period or era, sports season, theatre ... in which the subject occurred or with which it is associated / historic period or era in which the subject occurred
5. location (wd:P276 as wdt/p, matched via in), also known as based in, city, from, held by, in, etc.: location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ... use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706. / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706.
6. part of (wd:P361 as wdt/p, matched via in), also known as assembly of, branch of, chain, collateral branch of, component of, etc.: object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
7. coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt/p, matched via position), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
8. video (wd:P10 as wdt/p, matched via animation), also known as animation, gif, media, trailer, P10: relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550) / relevant video / relevant video
9. participant (wd:P710 as wdt/p, matched via between), also known as accused, agent, attendee, belligerents, between, etc.: person, group of people or organization (object) that ... has role" (P3831). Use P1923 for participants that are teams. / person, group of people or organization that actively takes/took part in the event / is subproperty of significant person
10. different from (wd:P1889 as wdt/p, matched via not), also known as confused with, differs from, disambiguated from, distinct from, distinguished from, etc.: item that is different from another item, with which it is often confused / item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll list statements for the Bay of Pigs invasion item to find its date properties.

[Tool]
Got 361 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                        | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | instance of (wdt:P31)           | amphibious warfare (wd:Q348120)                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | country (wdt:P17)               | Cuba (wd:Q241)                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)  | POINT(-81.166667 22.216667) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | Commons category (wdt:P373)     | Bay of Pigs Invasion                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | image (wdt:P18)                 | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attack%20near%20Playa%20Giron.%20April%2019%2C%201961.%20-%20panoramio.jpg> |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | part of (wdt:P361)              | Cold War (wd:Q8683)                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)          | /m/0196jd                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | location (wdt:P276)             | Bay of Pigs (wd:Q208508)                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)              | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4288475-5>                                                                                |
| Bay of Pigs invasion (wd:Q191721) | described by source (wdt:P1343) | The Operations Room (wd:Q113687269)                                                                                |
| ...                               | ...                             | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time (wd:P580 as wdt/p), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / is subproperty of point in time
2. end time (wd:P582 as wdt/p), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / is subproperty of point in time
3. point in time (wd:P585 as wdt/p, matched via point time), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true
4. location (wd:P276 as wdt/p, matched via in), also known as based in, city, from, held by, in, etc.: location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ... use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706. / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706.
5. part of (wd:P361 as wdt/p, matched via in), also known as assembly of, branch of, chain, collateral branch of, component of, etc.: object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
6. coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt/p, matched via position), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
7. described by source (wd:P1343 as wdt/p, matched via entry), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in
8. instance of (wd:P31 as wdt/p, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. country (wd:P17 as wdt/p, matched via state), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17: sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / is subproperty of located in the administrative territorial entity
10. Freebase ID (wd:P646 as wdt/p, matched via MID), also known as FID, Freebase, Freebase identifier, MID, P646: identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant] I will run an ASK query that compares the start/point-in-time dates of the two Wikidata events (wd:Q128160 for the Cuban Missile Crisis and wd:Q191721 for the Bay of Pigs invasion). I will accept either start time (P580) or point in time (P585) for each event, and then test whether the Cuban Missile Crisis date is earlier than the Bay of Pigs date. Now I'll execute that ASK query.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] I will finalize with the ASK query I executed (which checks whether the start date of the Cuban Missile Crisis is earlier than the start date of the Bay of Pigs invasion). Then I'll provide the answer based on that query result.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    wd:Q7934 wdt:P570 ?dod
  }
}

Using entities:
Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934), also known as Franklin Herbert, Franklin Patrick Herbert, Franklin Patrick Herbert, Jr., Frank Patrick Herbert, Jr. Franklin Herbert, etc.

Using properties:
date of death (wd:P570 as wdt), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.

Answer: No. The ASK query returns False: Wikidata item wd:Q7934 (Frank Herbert) has a date of death (wdt:P570) recorded (1986-02-11), so he is deceased.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Is Frank Herbert still alive?

[Assistant]
Plan:
1. Search Wikidata for the entity matching "Frank Herbert".
2. Verify the entity and check whether it has a date of death (wdt:P570) or an indication that it's deceased.
3. Build an ASK SPARQL query that returns True if Frank Herbert is still alive, False otherwise (i.e., if date of death exists).
I'll first search for the entity "Frank Herbert" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934), also known as Franklin Herbert, Franklin Patrick Herbert, Franklin Patrick Herbert, Jr., Frank Patrick Herbert, Jr. Franklin Herbert, etc.: has occupation science fiction writer / has occupation photographer / has occupation prose writer / American writer (1920–1986) / has occupation journalist / has occupation novelist / has occupation writer / is instance of human
2. Frank Herbert (wd:Q5487218), also known as Francis Xavier Herbert: has occupation politician / has occupation teacher / is instance of human / American politician
3. Frank Herbert (wd:Q107740264): is instance of book / biographical book
4. Herbert Frank (wd:Q106400255): is instance of human
5. Herbert Frank (wd:Q102182447): Ph.D. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 1967 / is instance of human
6. Frank Herbert (wd:Q112366531): is instance of human
7. Herbert Frank (wd:Q15713780): has occupation jurist / has occupation Jurist / is instance of human / Austrian jurist / Austrian jurist / Austrian jurist
8. Herbert Frank (wd:Q94855814): has occupation art critic / has occupation journalist / has occupation writer / is instance of human
9. Herbert Frank (wd:Q94836280): has occupation opinion journalist / has occupation engineer / is instance of human
10. Frank Herbert (wd:Q75716987): Peerage person ID=300069 / is instance of human

[Assistant] Step: verify whether the Wikidata item for Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934) has a date of death (property wdt:P570). I'll list triples with subject wd:Q7934 and property wdt:P570 to see if a death date is present.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                 | object                              |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934) | date of death (wdt:P570) | 1986-02-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll run an ASK query that returns true if there is no date of death (wdt:P570) for Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934), i.e., if he is still alive. This is to verify the current data in Wikidata before answering. I'll execute the ASK query now.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] I will return a final ASK query that checks whether Frank Herbert (wd:Q7934) has no date of death (P570). The ASK returns False, indicating he is not still alive. Now I'll finalize with that query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  wd:Q11817 wdt:P607 ?conflict .
}

Using entities:
Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817), also known as A. Jackson, General Andrew Jackson, Old Hickory, President Andrew Jackson, President Jackson

Using properties:
conflict (wd:P607 as wdt), also known as battle, engagement, in action, in conflict, military conflict, etc.

Answer: True. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817) is listed as having participated in at least one conflict (e.g., the War of 1812).

Was U.S. president Jackson involved in a war?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Was U.S. president Jackson involved in a war?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search Wikidata for entities matching "Jackson" and "Andrew Jackson" to identify which U.S. president called Jackson is likely meant. I'll first search for "Jackson". Then refine to "Andrew Jackson". I will run the entity searches now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jackson (wd:Q28198), also known as City of Jackson, Jackson, Mississippi, Jackson, MS: capital and largest city of Mississippi, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / capital of the U.S. state of Mississippi / is instance of county seat / is instance of big city
2. Jackson (wd:Q1966879), also known as Botilleas Spring, Jackson, CA, Jackson, California: is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / county seat of Amador County, California
3. Jackson (wd:Q871285), also known as Jackson, WY, Jackson, Wyoming: town in the Jackson Hole valley of Teton County, Wyoming, United States / is instance of town in the United States / town in Wyoming, United States
4. Jackson (wd:Q985409), also known as Jackson, Tennessee, Jackson, TN: city in Madison County, Tennessee, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
5. Jackson (wd:Q1065531), also known as City of Jackson, Jackson, Minnesota, Jackson, MN: city in Jackson County, Minnesota, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
6. Jackson (wd:Q984374), also known as Jackson, MI, Jackson, Michigan: city in Jackson County, Michigan, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of county seat
7. Jackson (wd:Q79425), also known as Jackson, AL, Jackson, Alabama: city in Clarke County, Alabama, United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States
8. Jackson (wd:Q1903275), also known as Jackson, OH, Jackson, Ohio: city in and the county seat of Jackson County, Ohio, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of county seat
9. Jackson (wd:Q959843), also known as Jackson, Missouri, Jackson, MO: city in Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of county seat
10. Jackson Wang (wd:Q16905948, matched via Jackson), also known as Jackson, Wang Jia'er, Wang Ka-yee, Wang Ka Yee: has occupation fashion designer / has occupation television actor / Chinese rapper and singer / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation rapper / has occupation dancer / has occupation singer / is instance of human

[Assistant] Next I'll search for the entity "Andrew Jackson" to identify his Wikidata Q-id. Then I'll look for properties that indicate participation in wars (e.g., "conflict", "participated in", etc.). I'll run an entity search for "Andrew Jackson" now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817), also known as A. Jackson, General Andrew Jackson, Old Hickory, President Andrew Jackson, President Jackson: president of the United States from 1829 to 1837 / has occupation military officer / has occupation statesperson / has occupation politician / has occupation officer / has occupation lawyer / has occupation judge / is instance of human
2. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q2846642), also known as Andrew Jackson (actor): has occupation television actor / has occupation actor / is instance of human / Canadian actor / Canadian actor / Canadian actor
3. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q22076700): has occupation special effects artist / Australian special effects artist / is instance of human
4. Andy Jackson (wd:Q3816215, matched via Andrew Jackson), also known as Andrew Jackson: has occupation audio engineer / British recording engineer / has occupation musician / is instance of human
5. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q4343568): is instance of sculpture / artwork by Clark Mills
6. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q4757447), also known as Andrew Jackson, AL: is instance of unincorporated community in the United States / unincorporated community in Alabama
7. Andrew D. Jackson (wd:Q2652615, matched via Andrew Jackson), also known as A. D Jackson, A. D. Jackson, Andrew D Jackson, Andrew Jackson: has occupation university teacher / has occupation nuclear physicist / has occupation physicist / is instance of human / American physicist
8. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q16844406): American football player (linebacker, born 1992) / has occupation American football player / has occupation football player / is instance of human
9. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q4757451): American football player (running back, born 1964) / has occupation American football player / has occupation football player / is instance of human
10. Andrew Jackson (wd:Q16974987): Swedish-American pastor (1828–1901) / has occupation pastor / is instance of human

[Assistant] Now I will inspect properties of Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817), looking for properties like "participated in" (P x?) and "conflict" or similar. I'll list properties of that entity related to wars. I'll use the search_property_of_entity tool to find properties related to war or conflict for wd:Q11817.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. conflict (wd:P607 as wdt/p, matched via war), also known as battle, engagement, in action, in conflict, military conflict, etc.: battles, wars or other military engagements in which the person or item participated / battles, wars or engagements in which the person or item participated / is subproperty of participant in
2. award received (wd:P166 as wdt/p, matched via win), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
3. religion or worldview (wd:P140 as wdt/p, matched via worldview), also known as belief system, believes, denomination, devotee of, faith, etc.: religion of a person, organisation or religious building, or associated with this subject / religion of a person, organisation or religious building, or associated with this subject / religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject
4. military branch (wd:P241 as wdt/p), also known as branch, formation, service branch, unit branch, P241: branch to which this military unit, award, office, or person belongs, e.g. Royal Navy / is subproperty of part of
5. country of citizenship (wd:P27 as wdt/p, matched via nation), also known as citizen of, citizenship, country, (legal) nationality, nation, etc.: the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / is subproperty of country
6. place of death (wd:P20 as wdt/p, matched via killed in), also known as death location, death place, deathplace, died, died in, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
7. member of political party (wd:P102 as wdt/p, matched via party), also known as member of, member of party, party, party membership, political party, etc.: the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated / the political party of which this politician is or has been a member / the political party of which this politician is or has been a member / is subproperty of member of
8. significant event (wd:P793 as wdt/p, matched via notable incident), also known as big event, event, fate, important event, key event, etc.: significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject
9. child (wd:P40 as wdt/p, matched via sons), also known as children, daughter, daughters, descendants, father of, etc.: subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039) / subject has the object in their family as their offspring son or daughter (independently of their age) / subject has object as biological, foster, and/or adoptive child / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
10. military or police rank (wd:P410 as wdt/p, matched via military rank), also known as military rank, naval rank, police rank, rank, P410: military or police rank achieved by a person (should usually ... or military or police rank associated with a position / military rank achieved by a person (should usually have a "start time" qualifier), or military rank associated with a position

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll check whether Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817) has any "conflict" (wdt:P607) statements on Wikidata by listing triples with that subject and property. This verifies the property usage before constructing the final ASK query. I'll call the list function for wd:Q11817 and wdt:P607.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property            | object                  |
| -------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817) | conflict (wdt:P607) | War of 1812 (wd:Q26013) |

[Assistant] I'll run an ASK query that checks whether Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817) has any "conflict" (wdt:P607) statements on Wikidata. If such a statement exists, the query will return true (he was involved in a war). I'll execute the ASK query now.

[Tool] True

[Assistant] The ASK query returned True, meaning Andrew Jackson was involved in a war. Now I'll prepare the final answer.

[Tool] Stopping