PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 ; wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 .
}

Using entities:
star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761), also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star
African Americans (wd:Q49085), also known as African American, African-American, African American people, Afro-Americans, Black Americans, etc.
human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.

Using properties:
award received (wd:P166 as wdt), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.
ethnic group (wd:P172 as wdt), also known as (cultural) nationality, culture, ethnicity, ethnic or cultural origin, people, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.

Answer: According to Wikidata (counting people whose ethnic group is set to "African Americans" (wd:Q49085) and who have "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) as an award received), there are 102 such persons.

How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for the Wikidata item that represents the award/award-type "star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame" and properties we can use (likely "honor received" P166). I'll start by searching for the entity "star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761), also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star: award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States / is instance of commemorative plaque / is instance of award / is subclass of award
2. star on Croatian Walk of Fame (wd:Q124390870): award in the Croatian Walk of Fame, Opatija, Croatia / is instance of commemorative plaque / is subclass of award
3. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): is instance of Wikinews article / Wikinews article / Wikinews article
4. Captain 'Johnny' Walker (1896–1944), RN, on the Bridge of the 'Starling' (wd:Q119357704): painting by Leslie J. Humphreys, Atkinson Art Gallery Collection / is instance of painting
5. The Narratives of the Walking on the Sea (wd:Q106923377): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scientific article
6. star on Palm Springs Walk of Stars (wd:Q115700493): award in the Palm Springs Walk of Stars / is instance of commemorative plaque / is subclass of award
7. Walking on the Ceiling of the Sky (wd:Q7962510): is instance of extended play / extended play
8. The File on Theresa Harris, Black Star of the Archive (wd:Q125951271): journal article from 'Feminist Media Histories' published in 2022 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. On the Causal Effect of Fame on Citations (wd:Q113226833): scientific article published on 14 April 2020 / scientific article published on 14 April 2020 / scientific article published on 14 April 2020 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Walking the Walk: On the Epistemological Merits of Literary Ethnography (wd:Q57381754): scholarly article by EUGENIA TSAO published December 2011 in Anthropology and Humanism / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant] Step 2: I'll search for the Wikidata item representing "African American" or "African-American people" to use as a filter (likely an ethnic group or nationality).

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. African Americans (wd:Q49085, matched via African American), also known as African American, African-American, African American people, Afro-Americans, Black Americans, etc.: is subclass of African diaspora in the Americas / Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry / US citizens of Sub-Saharan African descent / is instance of ethnic group by residency / is instance of ethnic community / is instance of ethnic group / is subclass of Black people / is subclass of Americans
2. Textbooks > Fiction & Literature > African American (wd:Q110593688, matched via African American), also known as African American, Textbooks - Fiction & Literature - African American: is instance of iTunes Textbooks genre / iTunes Textbooks genre
3. slavery in the United States (wd:Q118382, matched via African American slavery), also known as African American slavery, American slavery, slavery in the United States of America, slavery (United States), slavery (United States of America): form of slave labour which existed as a legal institution from the early years of the United States / form of slave labor which existed as a legal institution from the early years of the United States / is subclass of African slave trade / is instance of historical event / is subclass of Slavery / is subclass of slavery
4. African-American music (wd:Q388207, matched via African American music), also known as African American music, Afro-American music, Black American music, Black music: musical traditions of African American people / is subclass of music of the African diaspora / is subclass of music of the United States / is instance of music by ethnic group / is instance of music genre
5. African American literature (wd:Q388170), also known as African-American literature, Afro-American literature, Black literature, Negro literature: body of literature by Americans of African descent / is subclass of American literature / is instance of literary genre
6. Hoodoo (wd:Q1546302, matched via African American Hoodoo), also known as African American Hoodoo: spiritual practices, traditions and beliefs / is subclass of modern paganism / is subclass of folk religion / is subclass of witchcraft / is instance of religion
7. African American history (wd:Q162881), also known as African-American history, Afro-American history, Black American history, history of African Americans, history of African-Americans: is subclass of history of the United States / is instance of aspect of history / black American history
8. African American studies (wd:Q383968), also known as African American and Diaspora Studies, African-American/Black studies, African-Americanology, African-American studies, Black studies: academic field focusing on peoples of the African diaspora and Africa / is instance of academic discipline / is subclass of cultural studies / is subclass of Cultural studies / is instance of discipline
9. African-American culture (wd:Q3007177, matched via African American culture), also known as African American culture, Black American culture, culture of African-Americans: pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with African Americans / is instance of group of cultures by ethnic group / is subclass of culture of the United States / is instance of cultural identity
10. African-American English (wd:Q48767245, matched via African American English), also known as AAE, African American English, Black English: set of English dialects primarily spoken by most black people in the United States / is subclass of American English / is instance of language / is instance of dialect

[Assistant] I'll verify how the "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" award is recorded on people's items (which property is used) by checking an example person who has such a star, e.g., Denzel Washington, and see how it's represented.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101), also known as Denzel Hayes Washington, Denzel Hayes Washington Jr., Denzel Hayes Washington, Jr., Denzel Washington Jr., Denzel Washington, Jr.: American actor, screenwriter, director and producer / American actor, screenwriter, director and producer / American actor, producer, and director (born 1954) / has occupation television actor / has occupation film director / has occupation film producer / has occupation Film producer / has occupation spokesperson / has occupation stage actor / has occupation film actor / has occupation producer / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation actor / is instance of human
2. Untitled Antoine Fuqua film (wd:Q124358291, matched via Untitle Denzel Washington Project), also known as Untitled Denzel Washington Hannibal Project, Untitle Denzel Washington Project: film project by Antoine Fuqua / is instance of film project
3. Washington, D.C. (wd:Q61), also known as D.C. Washington, District of Columbia, The District, Washington, District of Columbia: capital city of the United States of America / capital city of the United States of America / is instance of federal capital
4. George Washington (wd:Q23), also known as Father of the United States: Founding Father and first U.S. president (1789–1797) / president of the United States from 1789 to 1797 / first president of the United States / first president of the United States / has occupation revolutionary / has occupation cartographer / has occupation statesperson / has occupation army officer / has occupation politician / has occupation engineer / has occupation geometer / has occupation writer / has occupation farmer / is instance of human
5. Washington (wd:Q1223), also known as Evergreen State, State of Washington, US-WA, WA, Washington (state), etc.: is instance of state of the United States / state of the United States of America / state of the United States of America / state of the United States of America / is instance of U.S. state
6. Seattle (wd:Q5083, matched via Seattle, Washington), also known as Duwamps, Emerald City, New York Alki, Seattle, WA, Seattle, Washington: city in and county seat of King County, State of Washington, United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of county seat / is instance of big city
7. Olympia (wd:Q42735, matched via Olympia, Washington), also known as Olympia, WA, Olympia, Washington: city in and county seat of Thurston County, Washington, United States, and Washington federated state capital city / is instance of state or insular area capital of the United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / capital of Washington state / is instance of county seat
8. Washington Irving (wd:Q181667), also known as Diedrich Knickerbocker, Geoffrey Crayon, Lauuncelot Langstaff: American writer, historian and diplomat (1783-1859) / has occupation journalist / has occupation playwright / has occupation biographer / has occupation politician / has occupation historian / has occupation diplomat / has occupation novelist / has occupation essayist / has occupation lawyer / has occupation writer / is instance of human
9. The Washington Post (wd:Q166032, matched via Washington Post), also known as WaPo, Washington Post, washingtonpost.com, WP: daily broadsheet newspaper in Washington, D.C. / daily broadsheet newspaper in Washington, D.C. / is instance of daily newspaper / is instance of newspaper / is instance of business
10. Tacoma (wd:Q199797, matched via Tacoma, Washington), also known as City of Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, Tacoma, Washington: county seat of Pierce County, Washington, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of big city

[Assistant] I'll list the statements for Denzel Washington to find how his Walk of Fame star is recorded.

[Tool]
Got 900 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                         | object                                                                              |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                       |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | actor (wd:Q33999)                                                                   |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                  |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Denzel (wd:Q20942056)                                                               |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1954-12-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                 |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Denzel Washington                                                                   |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denzel%20Washington%202018.jpg> |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Washington (wd:Q2550388)                                                            |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                              |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)           | /m/0pmhf                                                                            |
| ...                           | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I need to find whether Denzel Washington has a statement indicating a "star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame". Search for property "award received" (P166) usage or "honor received" P166? P166 is "award received". Let's search for statements with object "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761).

[Tool]
Got 2,427 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                  | object                                        |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Donald Trump (wd:Q22686)    | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Michael Jackson (wd:Q2831)  | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Ronald Reagan (wd:Q9960)    | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Charlie Chaplin (wd:Q882)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| The Beatles (wd:Q1299)      | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Marilyn Monroe (wd:Q4616)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Neil Armstrong (wd:Q1615)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Elvis Presley (wd:Q303)     | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Walt Disney (wd:Q8704)      | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| The Carpenters (wd:Q223495) | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| ...                         | ...                       | ...                                           |

[Assistant] I'll inspect Denzel Washington's properties to see how African-American ethnicity is recorded (e.g., P172 ethnic group).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. ethnic group (wd:P172 as p/wdt, matched via ethnic or cultural origin), also known as (cultural) nationality, culture, ethnicity, ethnic or cultural origin, people, etc.: subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard ... on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such) / subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard ... on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
2. country of citizenship (wd:P27 as p/wdt, matched via nationality), also known as citizen of, citizenship, country, (legal) nationality, nation, etc.: the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen / is subproperty of country
3. sex or gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt, matched via gender), also known as biological sex, gender, gender expression, gender identity, gender or sex, etc.: sexual identity of subject: male (Q6581097), female ... (Q43445). Groups of same gender use "subclass of" (P279) / sex or gender identity: male (Q6581097), female (Q6581072), ... (Q43445). Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279) / sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, ... female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
4. Open Library ID (wd:P648 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via OLID), also known as OL ID, OLID, Open Library author ID, OpenLibrary author ID, Open Library book ID, etc.: identifier in "the Internet Archive" for information about a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") of a book / identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
5. country for sport (wd:P1532 as p/wdt, matched via representative nationality), also known as representative nationality, sport country, sporting nationality, sport nationality, sports country, etc.: country a person or a team represents when playing a sport / is subproperty of country
6. birth name (wd:P1477 as p/wdt, matched via né), also known as birthname, bn, bname, born as, full birth name, etc.: full name of a person at birth, if different from their ... John Peter Doe for Joe Doe, Ann Smith for Ann Miller) / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current name / is subproperty of name
7. occupation (wd:P106 as p/wdt), also known as avocation, career, craft, employ, employment, etc.: occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
8. languages spoken, written or signed (wd:P1412 as p/wdt, matched via language), also known as language, language of expression, language read, language signed, languages of expression, etc.: language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s) / language(s) that a person speaks or writes, including the native language(s) / language(s) that a person speaks or writes, including the native language(s)
9. family name (wd:P734 as p/wdt, matched via surname), also known as clan name, last name, surname, P734: last name or family name of a person / part of full name of person / part of full name of person / is subproperty of name
10. native language (wd:P103 as p/wdt, matched via language native), also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue, P103: language or languages a person has learned from early childhood / is subproperty of languages spoken, written or signed / language or languages a person has learned from birth / language or languages a person has learned from birth

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll list Denzel Washington's statements for ethnic group (P172) to see if it's filled.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property                | object                        |
| ----------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Denzel Washington (wd:Q42101) | ethnic group (wdt:P172) | African Americans (wd:Q49085) |

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that counts distinct humans who have ethnic group = African Americans (wd:Q49085 via P172) and award received = star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761 via P166). This checks items that are instance of human (P31 = Q5) and match both properties. I'll now execute that query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 102 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] The query returned 102. I'll consider whether this is the right interpretation: P172 is ethnic group = African Americans. Some African-American people might not have P172 filled; others might be categorized as 'African American' via country of citizenship or other properties. However the user asked "How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?" The best we can do via Wikidata is to count items with ethnic group P172 = Q49085 and award received star Q17985761. I'll provide the SPARQL query and answer. Per instructions, I must explain my thought process before and after each function call — I have been doing that. Now I'll call the final answer function with the final SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?inventor ?inventorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?inventor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?inventor rdfs:label ?inventorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?inventorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Turing machine (wd:Q163310), also known as deterministic Turing machine

Using properties:
discoverer or inventor (wd:P61 as wdt), also known as created by, developed by, developer, devised by, discovered by, etc.

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inventor               | inventorLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

Answer: The Turing machine was created by Alan Turing (wd:Q7251).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Who created the Turing machine?

[Assistant] I'll search Wikidata for the entity corresponding to "Turing machine" to get its identifier and then inspect properties that indicate who created or invented it. I'll start by searching for the entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Turing machine (wd:Q163310), also known as deterministic Turing machine: abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation ... symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules / is subclass of model of computation / is instance of conceptual model
2. Turing Machine (wd:Q7854958): is instance of musical group / band
3. Turing Machine (wd:Q118469770): Greek theatrical performance at the New Theatre of Katerina Vassilakou, Athens, 2022/3 / is instance of theatrical production
4. Turing Machine (wd:Q116450980): is instance of board game / 2022 board game
5. non-deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q1190223), also known as nondeterministic Turing machine, NTM: may have a set of rules that prescribes more than one action ... may apply for the same combination of state and symbol / is instance of mathematical concept / is subclass of Turing machine
6. universal Turing machine (wd:Q2703890), also known as UCM, Universal Computing Machine, UTM: turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine ... be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape / is instance of mathematical concept / is subclass of Turing machine
7. probabilistic Turing machine (wd:Q1191836): non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the ... at each point according to some probability distribution / is subclass of non-deterministic Turing machine / is instance of mathematical concept
8. quantum Turing machine (wd:Q765620): is subclass of Turing machine / model of quantum computation
9. Alternating Turing machine (wd:Q438833), also known as Alternating Turing Machine, ATM: is instance of model of computation / is subclass of Turing machine / abstract computation model
10. neural Turing machine (wd:Q25325414): is subclass of memory-augmented neural network / is subclass of artificial neural network / neural network with external memory

[Assistant] I'll list triples for the Turing machine entity to find a property indicating its creator/inventor.

[Tool]
Got 446 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                     | object                                                           |
| --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | instance of (wdt:P31)                        | conceptual model (wd:Q2623243)                                   |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                  | Turing machines                                                  |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | image (wdt:P18)                              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maquina.png> |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                       | model of computation (wd:Q2651576)                               |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                       | /m/07h4k                                                         |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | inception (wdt:P571)                         | 1936-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                              |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)                           | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4203525-9>                                |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | Library of Congress authority ID (wdtn:P244) | <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh85138778>                 |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | IdRef ID (wdtn:P269)                         | <http://www.idref.fr/027831655/id>                               |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | maintained by WikiProject (wdt:P6104)        | WikiProject Mathematics (wd:Q8487137)                            |
| ...                         | ...                                          | ...                                                              |

[Assistant] I'll search for properties of the Turing machine entity that could indicate its creator, such as "inventor", "creator", or "author". I'll query properties related to Turing machine.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. discoverer or inventor (wd:P61 as p/wdt, matched via inventor), also known as created by, developed by, developer, devised by, discovered by, etc.: subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory / discovered, first described, or invented by / discovered, first described, or invented by
2. inception (wd:P571 as p/wdt, matched via created in), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / is subproperty of start time
3. named after (wd:P138 as p/wdt, matched via eponym), also known as eponym, etymology, name after, named for, named in honor of, etc.: entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake ... "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one / person or other entity that inspired this item's name / person or other entity that inspired this item's name
4. Enciclopedia della Scienza e della Tecnica ID (wd:P10037 as p/wdt, matched via Enciclopedia della Scienza e della Tecnica identifier), also known as Enciclopedia della Scienza e della Tecnica identifier, P10037: identifier in the Enciclopedia della Scienza e della Tecnica on the Institute of the Italian
5. location of creation (wd:P1071 as p/wdt, matched via manufactured in), also known as assembly location, built at, built in, composed at, created at, etc.: place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly / is subproperty of significant place
6. introduced in (wd:P10695 as p/wdt, matched via introduced by), also known as added in, first appeared in, first published in, introduced by, P10695: work that introduced this concept
7. NDL Authority ID (wd:P349 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via P349), also known as National Diet Library Auth ID, National Diet Library ID, National Diet Library of Japan authority control ID, National Diet Library of Japan ID, ndl, etc.: identifier for authority control per the National Diet Library of Japan
8. topic's main category (wd:P910 as p/wdt, matched via category), also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category, etc.: main category of this topic / main Wikimedia category
9. image (wd:P18 as p/wdt, matched via illustration), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. Microsoft Academic ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via MAG), also known as Academic ID, academic.microsoft, MAG, MAG ID, Microsoft Academic Author ID, etc.: identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021) / identifier for an object in the Microsoft Academic Graph

No other items found

[Assistant] Property "discoverer or inventor" (P61) looks promising. I'll list triples where the property P61 is used for the Turing machine to see the value.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                         | object                 |
| --------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Turing machine (wd:Q163310) | discoverer or inventor (wdt:P61) | Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) |

[Assistant] We found that the Turing machine (wd:Q163310) has discoverer or inventor (P61) Alan Turing (wd:Q7251). I'll now construct a SPARQL query that returns the identifier of the inventor for the Turing machine. I'll include the inventor's IRI and optionally rdfs:label in English as an optional clause. Then I'll execute the query to verify results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inventor               | inventorLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

[Assistant] The query returned Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) as the inventor of the Turing machine. I'll now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?castle ?castleLabel ?inception WHERE {
  BIND( wd:Q523286 AS ?castle ) .
  ?castle wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?castle rdfs:label ?castleLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?castleLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286)

Using properties:
inception (wd:P571 as wdt), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.

Answer: The SPARQL query returns inception (P571) = 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z for Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286). So Hambach Castle was built in 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant] I will first search for the Wikidata entity for "Hambach Castle" to find its item identifier. Then I'll inspect relevant properties (like inception P571 or date of construction). I'll run queries step by step and explain each step and the results.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany / is instance of château / is instance of Château / is instance of castle / is instance of Castle
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility / type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility / type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility / is instance of building type / is subclass of fortification
3. Palace of Versailles (wd:Q2946, matched via Versailles Castle), also known as Chateau de Versailles, Château de Versailles, France. Chateau Versailles, Palais de Versailles, Versailles, etc.: palace in Versailles, France and location of the Museum of the History of France / is instance of royal palace / is instance of art gallery / is instance of Art museum / is instance of art museum / is instance of château / is instance of Château / is instance of museum / is instance of palace
4. Château de Montsoreau (wd:Q1143049, matched via Castle Montsoreau), also known as Castle Montsoreau, Chateau de Monsorau, Chateau de Monsoro, Montsoreau Castle: castle in the Loire valley France and location of château de montsoreau-museum of contemporary art / is instance of museum building / is instance of château / is instance of Château / is instance of castle / is instance of Castle / is instance of palace / Castle in France
5. rook (wd:Q137, matched via castle), also known as ♖, ♜, castle, comes, marquess, etc.: is subclass of long-range piece / piece from the board game chess / piece from the board game chess / is subclass of major piece / a chess piece
6. Neuschwanstein Castle (wd:Q4152), also known as Neuschwanstein: castle in Bavaria, Germany, Europe / is instance of tourist attraction / is instance of château / is instance of Château / is instance of museum / is instance of palace / is instance of Castle / is instance of castle
7. Windsor Castle (wd:Q42646): royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire / is instance of Residence of the British Royal Family / royal residence at Windsor in Berkshire, England, UK / is instance of English country house / is instance of historic house museum / is instance of tourist attraction / is instance of royal palace / is instance of palace / is instance of castle / is instance of Castle
8. Krak des Chevaliers (wd:Q177549, matched via Castle Alhsn), also known as Castle Alhsn, Crac de l'Ospital, Crac des Chevaliers: is instance of concentric castle / Crusader castle near Homs, Syria / is instance of crusader castle
9. Himeji Castle (wd:Q188754), also known as Hakuro Castle, Shirasagi Castle, White Egret Castle, White Heron Castle: is instance of Japanese castle / is instance of hirayamajiro / Japanese castle complex
10. castling (wd:Q102877, matched via castle), also known as castle: chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king / is instance of rules of chess / is instance of theme / is instance of term / is subclass of ply

[Assistant] I'll inspect the properties of the Hambach Castle item to find relevant date properties such as inception (P571), construction start, or date of construction.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception (wd:P571 as p/wdt), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / is subproperty of start time
2. located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as p/wdt, matched via in), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.: the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of
3. located in/on physical feature (wd:P706 as p/wdt, matched via on), also known as geographical region, is in, is on, landform, located on island, etc.: located on the specified landform or body of water. Should ... (provinces, states, countries, etc.). / located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be ... political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552). / is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of
4. described by source (wd:P1343 as p/wdt, matched via entry), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in
5. award received (wd:P166 as p/wdt, matched via win), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
6. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via is an), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. image (wd:P18 as p/wdt, matched via illustration), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. official website (wd:P856 as p/wdt, matched via homepage (official)), also known as home page, homepage, home page (official), homepage (official), official homepage, etc.: URL of the official page of an item (current or former). ... see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page / is subproperty of URL
9. coordinate location (wd:P625 as p/wdt, matched via position), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
10. ISIL (wd:P791 as p/wdt, matched via Isil), also known as International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations, Isil, P791: International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations / identifier for a library or related organization

No other items found

[Assistant] The inception property P571 seems likely to hold the date when the castle was built. I'll query Hambach Castle for P571 (inception) and maybe also check "construction start" (P580), "date of completion" (P576? actually P576 is dissolved, not correct). Better to list statements for the item to see available date properties. I'll list triples for this subject.

[Tool]
Got 142 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                                    | object                                                                    |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | castle (wd:Q23413)                                                        |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Germany (wd:Q183)                                                         |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Neustadt an der Weinstraße (wd:Q4149)                                     |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(8.118610 49.325000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Hambacher Schloss                                                         |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hambacherschloss.jpg> |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                      | /m/02qkjth                                                                |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                       |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | VIAF cluster ID (wdtn:P214)                                 | <http://viaf.org/viaf/236379189>                                          |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | heritage designation (wdt:P1435)                            | cultural heritage monument in Rhineland-Palatinate (wd:Q84357648)         |
| ...                         | ...                                                         | ...                                                                       |

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query that retrieves the inception (P571) of the Hambach Castle entity (wd:Q523286). This should return the date when it was built. I'll also request an English rdfs:label as an optional field.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| castle                      | castleLabel         | inception                           |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | Hambach Castle (en) | 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?festival ?festivalLabel ?inception WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ( MIN( ?inception2 ) AS ?minInception ) WHERE {
      ?f2 wdt:P31 wd:Q220505 ; wdt:P571 ?inception2 .
    }
  }
  ?festival wdt:P31 wd:Q220505 ; wdt:P571 ?inception .
  FILTER ( ?inception = ?minInception ) OPTIONAL {
    ?festival rdfs:label ?festivalLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?festivalLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?festival

Using entities:
film festival (wd:Q220505), also known as motion picture festival, movie festival

Using properties:
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
inception (wd:P571 as wdt), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.

Answer: The oldest film festival in Wikidata that is an instance of "film festival" (wd:Q220505) is the Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751), with inception date 1895-01-01.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] what is the oldest film festival?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll look up the Wikidata item for "film festival" to find the class/entity and relevant properties (like inception P571). I'll search for the entity "film festival". I'll explain my reasoning before and after the call.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film festival (wd:Q220505), also known as motion picture festival, movie festival: is instance of form of festival / dedicated event to screen films / is subclass of cultural event / is subclass of arts festival / event with films being shown
2. Cannes Film Festival (wd:Q42369), also known as Cannes International Film Festival, Festival de Cannes: annual film festival held in Cannes, France / is instance of annual film festival / is instance of event
3. Berlin International Film Festival (wd:Q130871, matched via Berlin Film Festival), also known as Berlinale, Berlin Festival, Berlin Film Festival, Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin: annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany / is instance of film festival / is instance of annual event
4. Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), also known as Venice International Film Festival: annual film festival held in Venice, Italy / is instance of film festival
5. Sundance Film Festival (wd:Q189887): annual film festival held in Utah, United States / is instance of film festival
6. Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235, matched via Moscow Film Festival), also known as MIFF, Moscow Film Festival: annual film festival held in Moscow, Russia / is instance of film festival
7. Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053), also known as Locarno Festival, Locarno International Film Festival: Annual film festival in Locarno, Switzerland / is instance of outdoor cinema / is instance of film festival / is instance of organization / is instance of organisation
8. Tribeca Film Festival (wd:Q853325), also known as TFF: annual film festival held in New York, USA / annual film festival held in New York, USA / is instance of film festival
9. BFI London Film Festival (wd:Q1323689, matched via BFI Film Festival), also known as BFI Festival, BFI Film Festival, BFI London Festival, London Film Festival: annual film festival held in London, United Kingdom / is instance of film festival
10. Sarajevo Film Festival (wd:Q935127): annual film festival held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina / is instance of annual film festival

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query to find items that are instances (possibly via subclasses) of "film festival" (wd:Q220505), retrieve their inception dates (P571), and order by the earliest inception to identify the oldest film festival. I will request the item IRIs, English labels (optional), and inception dates. Now I'll execute that query.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| festival                                                         | festivalLabel                                         | inception                           |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                  | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617)             | National Festival of Community Theatre (en)           | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                                 | Venice Film Festival (en)                             | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q4304164                                                      |                                                       | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)                  | Moscow International Film Festival (en)               | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                                              | ...                                                   | ...                                 |
| Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (wd:Q124709121) | Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Berlin International Film Festival (wd:Q130871)                  | Berlin International Film Festival (en)               | 1951-06-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Egyptian Catholic Center for Cinema Festival (wd:Q109255942)     | Egyptian Catholic Center for Cinema Festival (en)     | 1952-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Columbus International Film & Video Festival (wd:Q5150066)       | Columbus International Film & Video Festival (en)     | 1952-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (wd:Q322144)      | International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg (en)   | 1952-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll refine the query to require that each festival is a direct instance (wdt:P31) of film festival (wd:Q220505), not via subclasses. This should exclude broader events like the Venice Biennale. I'll run the query to order by inception and return earliest items.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| festival                                                                         | festivalLabel                                                          | inception                           |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                                   | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617)                             | National Festival of Community Theatre (en)                            | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                                                 | Venice Film Festival (en)                                              | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q4304164                                                                      |                                                                        | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)                                  | Moscow International Film Festival (en)                                | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                                                              | ...                                                                    | ...                                 |
| Afro-Asian Film Festival (wd:Q113456524)                                         | Afro-Asian Film Festival (en)                                          | 1958-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| All-Union Film Festival (wd:Q1632192)                                            | All-Union Film Festival (en)                                           | 1958-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Film Confrontations (wd:Q114027509)                                              | Film Confrontations (en)                                               | 1958-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Zinebi - Bilbao International Documentary and Short Film Festival (wd:Q11783830) | Zinebi - Bilbao International Documentary and Short Film Festival (en) | 1959-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Acapulco Film Festival (wd:Q109236348)                                           | Acapulco Film Festival (en)                                            | 1959-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll check the properties (statements) of Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) to verify whether it's classified as a film festival (wd:Q220505) or as some broader festival. I'll list triples for that subject.

[Tool]
Got 431 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | film festival (wd:Q220505)                                                                   |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                               |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Venice (wd:Q641)                                                                             |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(12.358611 45.428889) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                  |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671)                      | <http://g.co/kg/g/11bwcbxxn6>                                                                |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Venice Biennale                                                                              |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La%20Biennale%20di%20Venezia%202019.jpg> |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                      | /m/01r_f0                                                                                |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | location (wdt:P276)                                         | Venetian Arsenal (wd:Q1262248)                                                               |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                          |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll run a final SPARQL query that finds the minimum inception date among items that are instances of "film festival" (wd:Q220505) and then returns all festivals with that earliest inception. This ensures we catch ties if multiple festivals share the same oldest date. Now I will execute that query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| festival                     | festivalLabel        | inception                           |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Venice Biennale (en) | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer, explaining my thought process and results.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?title ?titleLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q7259 wdt:P97 ?title .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?title rdfs:label ?titleLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?titleLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Ada Lovelace (wd:Q7259), also known as Ada Byron, Ada King, Augusta Ada Byron, Augusta Ada King, Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, etc.

Using properties:
noble title (wd:P97 as wdt), also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title, etc.

Answer: Ada Lovelace’s noble title was Countess (wd:Q5177051).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What was Ada Lovelace’s noble title?

[Assistant] I will first search Wikidata for the item for Ada Lovelace to find her properties (including any noble titles). I'll run an entity search for "Ada Lovelace".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q7259), also known as Ada Byron, Ada King, Augusta Ada Byron, Augusta Ada King, Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, etc.: English mathematician, considered the first computer programmer / has occupation computer scientist / English mathematician (1815–1852) / has occupation mathematician / has occupation programmer / has occupation translator / has occupation engineer / has occupation inventor / has occupation writer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
2. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q114068528): GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia / is instance of Microarchitecture / is instance of microarchitecture
3. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q87282992): is instance of radio programme episode / is instance of radio series episode / episode of In Our Time
4. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM / is instance of recurring event
5. Ada Lovelace Award (wd:Q30128828): award for women in computing / is instance of award
6. Place Ada Lovelace (wd:Q124088750): public square at the EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland / public square at the EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland / is instance of town square / is instance of square
7. mail Ada Lovelace (wd:Q100740077): street of Saint-Denis, in Seine-Saint-Denis, France / is instance of mall
8. impasse Ada Lovelace (wd:Q125549094): is instance of dead end street / is instance of Cul-de-sac / is instance of cul-de-sac
9. ADA Lovelace Computer Scientist (wd:Q55393255): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Super Sherman / Ada Lovelace (wd:Q114522593): episode of The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show (S3 E6) / is instance of television series episode

[Assistant] I'll search for properties of Ada Lovelace that could correspond to a noble title, using queries like "title", "noble", "noble title", "honorific", and "noble family".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. given name (wd:P735 as p/wdt, matched via name), also known as Christian name, first name, forename, middle name, name, etc.: first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names / first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property shouldn't link disambiguations nor family names / first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property shouldn't link disambiguations nor family names / is subproperty of name
2. described by source (wd:P1343 as p/wdt, matched via subject of), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in
3. field of work (wd:P101 as p/wdt, matched via subject), also known as academic area, academic discipline, academic subject, activity, activity domain, etc.: specialisation of a person or organisation; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / is subproperty of interested in
4. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. topic's main category (wd:P910 as p/wdt, matched via category), also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category, etc.: main category of this topic / main Wikimedia category
6. noble title (wd:P97 as p/wdt, matched via title (hereditary)), also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title, etc.: titles held by the person / titles held by the person / titles held by the person / titles held by the person
7. pseudonym (wd:P742 as p/wdt, matched via stage name), also known as alias, artistic name, code name, heteronym, known professionally as, etc.: alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449) / alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449) / is subproperty of name
8. child (wd:P40 as p/wdt, matched via son), also known as children, daughter, daughters, descendants, father of, etc.: subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039) / subject has the object in their family as their offspring son or daughter (independently of their age) / subject has object as biological, foster, and/or adoptive child / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
9. audio (wd:P51 as p/wdt, matched via song), also known as audio file, audio recording, audio sample, recording, song, etc.: relevant sound. If available, use a more specific property. Samples: "spoken text audio" (P989), "pronunciation audio" (P443) / relevant sound / relevant sound
10. honorific prefix (wd:P511 as p/wdt, matched via called), also known as called, honorific title, pre-nominal, referred to as, style prefix, etc.: word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person

No other items found

[Assistant] Step: query Wikidata for Ada Lovelace's noble title (property P97). I'll run a SPARQL SELECT that returns the value(s) of wdt:P97 for wd:Q7259 and their English labels.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| title                  | titleLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en) |

[Assistant] I will present the final SPARQL query I executed (which retrieves Ada Lovelace's noble title using property P97) and the answer based on the query results. I already executed the query and it returned one value: countess (wd:Q5177051). Now I'll return that final query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping