PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?char ?charLabel WHERE {
  ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4205826 .
  ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4463198 .
  ?char wdt:P1080 wd:Q1989642 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?char rdfs:label ?charLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?charLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

Using entities:
The Witcher universe (wd:Q1989642)
Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826), also known as Yen, Yenna
Triss Merigold (wd:Q4463198), also known as Fourteenth of the Hill, Merigold the Fearless

Using properties:
from narrative universe (wd:P1080 as wdt), also known as appears in universe, continuity, cycle, featured in universe, fictional universe, etc.
unmarried partner (wd:P451 as wdt), also known as boyfriend, cohabitant, domestic partner, enbyfriend, girlfriend, etc.

Answer: Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923)

among the characters in the witcher, who has two unmarried partners, Yennefer of Vengerberg and Triss Merigold?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] among the characters in the witcher, who has two unmarried partners, Yennefer of Vengerberg and Triss Merigold?

[Assistant] I will first locate the Wikidata items for Yennefer of Vengerberg and Triss Merigold, then search for characters who have both of them listed as partners/significant others. I'll verify property usage (which property records romantic partners) and then build a SPARQL query to find the character (likely Geralt of Rivia). I'll run intermediate searches to confirm identifiers and property. Now I'll search for Yennefer of Vengerberg.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826), also known as Yen, Yenna: is instance of half-elf in a work of fiction / fictional sorceress from the Witcher series / is instance of television character / is instance of video game character / is instance of literary character / is instance of fictional humanoid / is instance of fictional human / is instance of film character / has occupation conspirator / has occupation magician / has occupation adviser
2. United States (wd:Q30, matched via US of A), also known as America, Merica, Murica, the States, the United States, etc.: country primarily located in North America / is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of superpower / country in North America / country in North America / is instance of country
3. Turkey (wd:Q43, matched via Republic of Turkey), also known as Republic of Turkey, Republic of Türkiye, TR, TUR, Turkiye, etc.: transcontinental country straddling Western Asia and Southeastern Europe / country spanning Southeastern Europe and Western Asia / country in West Asia and Southeast Europe / is instance of transcontinental country / is instance of Mediterranean country / country spanning in Europe and Asia / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of successor state / is instance of regional power / is instance of secular state / is instance of Secular state / is instance of social state / is instance of country
4. Russia (wd:Q159, matched via Federation of Russia), also known as Federation of Russia, ISO 3166-1:RU, RF, ru, RU, etc.: country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia / country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia / is instance of transcontinental country / country in both Europe and Asia / country in both Europe and Asia / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of successor state / is instance of secular state / is instance of Secular state / is instance of federation / is instance of country
5. Japan (wd:Q17, matched via State of Japan), also known as Iapan, Iapon, Ja, JA, Jap, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / is instance of island country / is instance of island nation / island country in East Asia / island nation in East Asia / is instance of country
6. Italy (wd:Q38, matched via Republic of Italy), also known as 🇮🇹, IT, ITA, Italia, Italian Republic, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / republic in Southern Europe / country in Southern Europe / is instance of country / country in Europe
7. Finland (wd:Q33, matched via Republic of Finland), also known as 🇫🇮, fi, FIN, Finnia, Land of Thousand Lakes, etc.: is instance of country bordering the Baltic Sea / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of unitary state / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / is instance of country
8. Mexico (wd:Q96, matched via US of M), also known as MEX, Mexican Republic, Mexican United States, mx, MX, etc.: is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of Next Eleven / country in North America / country in North America / country in North America / country in North America / is instance of country / is instance of nation / is instance of empire
9. India (wd:Q668, matched via Republic of India), also known as Bharat, Bharata, Bharat Ganarajya, Bharatvarsh, Hindoostan, etc.: is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of Republic / is instance of republic / is instance of country / country in South Asia
10. Spain (wd:Q29, matched via Kingdom of Spain), also known as Kingdom of Spain: country in southwestern Europe with territories in Africa / constitutional monarchy in Southwest Europe / constitutional monarchy in Southwest Europe / is instance of Mediterranean country / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of country / is instance of realm

[Assistant] I will search for the Wikidata item for Triss Merigold, then check which property represents romantic partners - likely "significant person" (P3373) or "partner" (P451) or "spouse" (P26). For fictional relationships, they might use "significant person" (P3373) or "romantic partner" property. I'll search for Triss next.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Triss Merigold (wd:Q4463198), also known as Fourteenth of the Hill, Merigold the Fearless: fictional sorceress from the Witcher series / is instance of video game character / is instance of television character / is instance of literary character / is instance of fictional human / is instance of film character / has occupation magician / has occupation adviser / has occupation healer
2. Merigold (wd:Q867528), also known as Merigold (Mississippi), Merigold, Mississippi, Merigold, MS: town in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States / is instance of town in the United States
3. Triss (wd:Q3204428): is instance of literary work / 2002 novel by Brian Jacques
4. Merigold Brake (wd:Q34740101): swamp in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States of America / is instance of swamp
5. Triss (wd:Q15113667): has occupation Military personnel / has occupation military personnel / is instance of literary character / character in the Shannara / is instance of character / is instance of elf
6. Merigold Cemetery (wd:Q117690282): cemetery in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States / is instance of cemetery
7. Merigold (wd:Q37520933): is instance of family name / is instance of surname / family name / family name / surname
8. Trissino (wd:Q47238): is instance of commune of Italy / Italian comune / Italian comune / Italian comune
9. Gian Giorgio Trissino (wd:Q436738, matched via Giangiorgio Trissino), also known as Giangiorgio, Count Trissino, Giangiorgio Trissino, Giovan Giorgio Trissino, Giovanni Giorgio Trissino: Italian Renaissance humanist / has occupation Philosopher / has occupation philosopher / has occupation playwright / has occupation writer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
10. Trissolcus (wd:Q14495753): is instance of taxon / genus of insects

[Assistant] Now I'll inspect the properties for Yennefer and Triss that indicate romantic partners. I'll list statements for Yennefer (wd:Q4205826).

[Tool]
Got 229 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | fictional human (wd:Q15632617)                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | adviser (wd:Q2994387)                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | date of birth (p:P569)           | s:Q4205826-DC13BD81-D094-432B-AA79-B866665775F8                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Yennefer of Vengerberg                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yennefer%20of%20Vengerberg%20cosplay%20%28The%20Witcher%203%20Wild%20Hunt%29.png> |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Aedirn (wd:Q9141475)                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)           | /m/05mwl4v                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Vengerberg (wd:Q9368391)                                                                                |
| Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) | educated at (wdt:P69)            | Aretuza (wd:Q9159477)                                                                                |
| ...                                  | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I need to find properties representing relationships. I'll search properties of Yennefer for partner/spouse/significant person.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. unmarried partner (wd:P451 as p/wdt, matched via partner), also known as boyfriend, cohabitant, domestic partner, enbyfriend, girlfriend, etc.: someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / is subproperty of significant person
2. relative (wd:P1038 as p/wdt, matched via relation), also known as ancestor, aunt, aunt-in-law, brother-in-law, co-brother-in-law, etc.: family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / family member (qualify with "type of kinship", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / is subproperty of significant person
3. enemy (wd:P7047 as p/wdt, matched via opponent), also known as arch-enemy, archenemy, archfoe, archnemesis, archrival, etc.: opponent character or group of this fictive character or group / opponent character or group of this character or group / is subproperty of significant person
4. creator (wd:P170 as p/wdt, matched via by), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.: maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of a creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
5. occupation (wd:P106 as p/wdt, matched via profession), also known as avocation, career, craft, employ, employment, etc.: occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
6. performer (wd:P175 as p/wdt, matched via actor), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.: actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work / actor, musician, music group or other performer associated with this work / is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject
7. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. educated at (wd:P69 as p/wdt, matched via attended), also known as alma mater, alumna of, alumni of, alumnus of, attended, etc.: educational institution attended by the subject / educational institution attended by the subject / educational institution attended by subject / is subproperty of affiliation
9. student (wd:P802 as p/wdt, matched via pupil), also known as disciple, disciples, had student, has student, pupil, etc.: notable student(s) of the subject individual / is subproperty of significant person / notable student(s) of a person
10. image (wd:P18 as p/wdt, matched via portrait), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll search for Geralt of Rivia to inspect how relationships are modeled and which properties are used.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923), also known as Butcher of Blaviken, Geralt Roger Eric du Haute-Bellegarde, Gwynbleidd, Ravix of Fourhorn, White Wolf: fictional character from the Witcher series / is instance of video game character / is instance of television character / is instance of animated character / is instance of literary character / has occupation monster hunter / is instance of film character / has occupation swordfighter / has occupation witcher / is instance of witcher
2. Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q117744310): is instance of mural / mural in Lodz
3. United States (wd:Q30, matched via US of A), also known as America, Merica, Murica, the States, the United States, etc.: country primarily located in North America / is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of superpower / country in North America / country in North America / is instance of country
4. Turkey (wd:Q43, matched via Republic of Turkey), also known as Republic of Turkey, Republic of Türkiye, TR, TUR, Turkiye, etc.: transcontinental country straddling Western Asia and Southeastern Europe / country spanning Southeastern Europe and Western Asia / country in West Asia and Southeast Europe / is instance of transcontinental country / is instance of Mediterranean country / country spanning in Europe and Asia / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of successor state / is instance of regional power / is instance of secular state / is instance of Secular state / is instance of social state / is instance of country
5. Russia (wd:Q159, matched via Federation of Russia), also known as Federation of Russia, ISO 3166-1:RU, RF, ru, RU, etc.: country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia / country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia / is instance of transcontinental country / country in both Europe and Asia / country in both Europe and Asia / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of successor state / is instance of Secular state / is instance of secular state / is instance of federation / is instance of country
6. Japan (wd:Q17, matched via State of Japan), also known as Iapan, Iapon, Ja, JA, Jap, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / is instance of island country / is instance of island nation / island country in East Asia / island nation in East Asia / is instance of country
7. Italy (wd:Q38, matched via Republic of Italy), also known as 🇮🇹, IT, ITA, Italia, Italian Republic, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / republic in Southern Europe / country in Southern Europe / is instance of country / country in Europe
8. Finland (wd:Q33, matched via Republic of Finland), also known as 🇫🇮, fi, FIN, Finnia, Land of Thousand Lakes, etc.: is instance of country bordering the Baltic Sea / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of unitary state / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / country in Northern Europe / is instance of country
9. Mexico (wd:Q96, matched via US of M), also known as MEX, Mexican Republic, Mexican United States, mx, MX, etc.: is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of Next Eleven / country in North America / country in North America / country in North America / country in North America / is instance of country / is instance of nation / is instance of empire
10. India (wd:Q668, matched via Republic of India), also known as Bharat, Bharata, Bharat Ganarajya, Bharatvarsh, Hindoostan, etc.: is instance of constitutional republic / is instance of democratic republic / is instance of federal republic / is instance of Federal republic / is instance of sovereign state / is instance of republic / is instance of Republic / is instance of country / country in South Asia

[Tool]
Got 391 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                       | object                                                                                |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | instance of (wdt:P31)          | video game character (wd:Q1569167)                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | occupation (wdt:P106)          | swordfighter (wd:Q11397897)                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)        | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | Commons category (wdt:P373)    | Geralt of Rivia                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | image (wdt:P18)                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Witcher%20Geralt%2C%20created%20with%20Stable%20Diffusion%20%28on%20sunset%29.jpg> |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | country of citizenship (p:P27) | s:Q2492923-5be1b8a8-4006-bdc8-8463-591a05e8809a                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)         | /m/03cz_9n                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | VIAF cluster ID (wdtn:P214)    | <http://viaf.org/viaf/57148752230141201783>                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | creator (wdt:P170)             | Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101)                                                                                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | IMDb ID (p:P345)               | s:Q2492923-4d40f53b-40f2-38bc-d151-1685884145ee                                                                                |
| ...                           | ...                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I need to find whether Geralt has unmarried partner (P451) statements linking to Yennefer and Triss. I'll search for statements of Geralt with property "unmarried partner" (wdt:P451).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. unmarried partner (wd:P451 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as boyfriend, cohabitant, domestic partner, enbyfriend, girlfriend, etc.: someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / is subproperty of significant person
2. spouse (wd:P26 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via marital partner), also known as common-law husband, common-law spouse, common-law wife, husband, husbands, etc.: the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
3. birth name (wd:P1477 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via unmarried name), also known as birthname, bn, bname, born as, full birth name, etc.: full name of a person at birth, if different from their ... John Peter Doe for Joe Doe, Ann Smith for Ann Miller) / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current name / is subproperty of name
4. relative (wd:P1038 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via co-wife), also known as ancestor, aunt, aunt-in-law, brother-in-law, co-brother-in-law, etc.: family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / family member (qualify with "type of kinship", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / is subproperty of significant person
5. connects with (wd:P2789 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via mates with), also known as affixed to, attached to, attaches to, binds to, connected to, etc.: gives connections of roads, streets, squares, etc / item with which the item is physically connected / is subproperty of physically interacts with
6. place of marriage (wd:P2842 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via married at), also known as location of marriage, marriage location, married at, married in, wed at, etc.: location where the marriage was celebrated. Use as qualifier for property "spouse" (P26) / location where the marriage was celebrated, qualifier for property "spouse" (P26) / is subproperty of significant place
7. partner in business or sport (wd:P1327 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via partner in business), also known as business partner, collaborator, colleague, partnered with, partner in business, etc.: person a professional or athlete works with / is subproperty of significant person / professional collaborator
8. companion of (wd:P399 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via has companion), also known as astronomical companion, astronomical companion of, astronomic companion, astronomic companion of, companion, etc.: two or more astronomic bodies of the same type relating to each other / two or more astronomic bodies of the same type relating to each other
9. sibling (wd:P3373 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via half-sister), also known as bro, brother, brother of, brother or sister, brothers, etc.: the subject and the object have at least one common parent ... etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.) / the subject has the object as their sibling (brother, sister, ... etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.) / is subproperty of relative
10. end time (wd:P582 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via divorced), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / is subproperty of point in time

[Assistant] We see property unmarried partner (P451). I'll check Geralt statements for P451 to see if Yennefer and Triss are listed.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property                     | object                               |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | unmarried partner (wdt:P451) | Shani (wd:Q108678159)                |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | unmarried partner (wdt:P451) | Fringilla Vigo (wd:Q11698917)        |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | unmarried partner (wdt:P451) | Yennefer of Vengerberg (wd:Q4205826) |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | unmarried partner (wdt:P451) | Triss Merigold (wd:Q4463198)         |

[Assistant] I'll search for a Wikidata item for "The Witcher" series to use as a constraint, and then build a SPARQL query that finds characters with P451 linking to both Yennefer and Triss. I'll look up "The Witcher" now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Witcher (wd:Q11835640), also known as The Witcher saga: series of fantasy novels and short stories by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski / is instance of book series / is instance of Book series
2. The Witcher (wd:Q47500433): 2019 fantasy drama television series / 2019 fantasy drama television series / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
3. The Witcher (wd:Q287637): is instance of video game / 2007 video game / 2007 video game / 2007 video game
4. The Witcher (wd:Q18935909): video game series by CD Projekt RED / is instance of video game series
5. The Hexer (wd:Q1979337, matched via The Witcher), also known as The Witcher: is instance of television series / 2002 fantasy television series / is instance of serial
6. The Witcher (wd:Q9372681), also known as Spellmaker: short story by Andrzej Sapkowski / is instance of literary work
7. The Witcher (wd:Q11798735): short story collection by Andrzej Sapkowski / is instance of literary work
8. The Witcher (wd:Q117083359), also known as The Witcher (remake): remake of the original 2007 'The Witcher' game / is instance of video game
9. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (wd:Q4267401, matched via The Witcher 3), also known as The Witcher 3, The Witcher III, The Witcher III: Wild Hunt, TW3, Wild Hunt, etc.: 2015 action role-playing video game / is instance of video game / 2015 video game / 2015 video game
10. The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings (wd:Q917272, matched via The Witcher 2), also known as The Witcher 2, TW2, Witcher 2, Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings: is instance of video game / 2011 video game / 2011 video game / 2011 video game

[Assistant]
I don't need to constrain to the Witcher series necessarily because properties already match. The user asked: "among the characters in the witcher, who has two unmarried partners, Yennefer of Vengerberg and Triss Merigold?" They want the character who has these two as unmarried partners. Likely answer is Geralt of Rivia. But per rules, I must produce a SPARQL query that returns the identifier(s) of characters that have unmarried partners P451 linking to both Yennefer (wd:Q4205826) and Triss (wd:Q4463198). The query should return IRIs of items. Use wdt:P451 property twice and filter same subject.

I'll build a query selecting ?char where ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4205826 and ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4463198 and ?char instance of fictional character? The user said "among the characters in the witcher" — I should constrain to characters that are part of The Witcher. How to constrain? Could check "series" or "franchise" property. Many characters have "franchise" (P2910) or "work" or "series." Let's inspect Geralt item for property indicating "part of a fictional universe" like "series" or "work". List Geralt properties to find relevant property linking to Witcher.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. from narrative universe (wd:P1080 as p/wdt, matched via cycle), also known as appears in universe, continuity, cycle, featured in universe, fictional universe, etc.: subject's fictional entity is in the object narrative. See ... (present in work) and P1445 (fictional universe described in) / subject's fictional entity is in the object narrative. See ... (present in work) and P1445 (fictional universe described in) / is subproperty of part of
2. unmarried partner (wd:P451 as p/wdt, matched via SO), also known as boyfriend, cohabitant, domestic partner, enbyfriend, girlfriend, etc.: someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples / is subproperty of significant person
3. creator (wd:P170 as p/wdt, matched via by), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.: maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of a creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. performer (wd:P175 as p/wdt, matched via actor), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.: actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work / actor, musician, music group or other performer associated with this work / is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject
5. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. relative (wd:P1038 as p/wdt, matched via relation), also known as ancestor, aunt, aunt-in-law, brother-in-law, co-brother-in-law, etc.: family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / family member (qualify with "type of kinship", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property) / is subproperty of significant person
7. character type (wd:P9071 as p/wdt, matched via -dere), also known as archetype, character archetype, character stereotype, -dere, dere, etc.: generic character type that this fictional character represents / is subproperty of manifestation of
8. image (wd:P18 as p/wdt, matched via illustration), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. present in work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt, matched via appears in), also known as appeared in, appears in, appears in work, character in, featured in work, etc.: this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person ... P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts) / work in which this fictional entity (Q14897293) or historical ... P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
10. nickname (wd:P1449 as p/wdt, matched via aka), also known as aka, also known as, epithet, fan-name, fanname, etc.: informal name (for a pseudonym use P742) / is subproperty of name

No other items found

[Assistant] Property "from narrative universe" (P1080) or "present in work" (P1441) could be used to constrain to the Witcher. Let's check Geralt's P1080 or P1441 values.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property                          | object                                          |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | from narrative universe (p:P1080) | s:Q2492923-c2f83970-4ee1-ea9f-40de-dd0dbf975043 |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| value                              | valueLabel                |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| The Witcher universe (wd:Q1989642) | The Witcher universe (en) |

[Assistant]
Geralt is linked to The Witcher universe (wd:Q1989642) via P1080. So to ensure "among the characters in the witcher", I'll constrain ?char p:P1080 ps:P1080 wd:Q1989642 OR use wdt:P1080 wd:Q1989642 to directly check narrative universe. Let's check if Yennefer and Triss have P1080 as well; but the user asked "among the characters in the witcher, who has two unmarried partners, Yennefer ... and Triss ...?" So we need characters that are in the Witcher universe and have both P451 links.

I'll craft a SELECT query returning ?char and optionally ?charLabel. But labels must be optional using rdfs:label with language filter. Also we must ensure the query returns IRIs. Good.

I'll write SPARQL:

SELECT ?char ?charLabel WHERE {
  ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4205826 .
  ?char wdt:P451 wd:Q4463198 .
  ?char wdt:P1080 wd:Q1989642 .
  OPTIONAL { ?char rdfs:label ?charLabel FILTER(LANG(?charLabel) = "en") }
}

LIMIT 100

Before finalizing, run execute. I'll include LIMIT 100.
I'll run the SPARQL query that finds items in the Witcher universe (wd:Q1989642) that have unmarried partner P451 values of both Yennefer (wd:Q4205826) and Triss (wd:Q4463198).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| char                          | charLabel            |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Geralt of Rivia (wd:Q2492923) | Geralt of Rivia (en) |

[Assistant] The query returned Geralt of Rivia as expected. Now I'll finalize by returning the SPARQL query and the answer (Geralt of Rivia). Per instructions, explain thought process before and after each step and function call — I have been doing that, but I must include explanation before and after each function call. I already provided commentary before each tool call. After each function call I also gave commentary. In final answer, I must include thought process and present the final SPARQL query, and execute the final query before giving answer — I executed it. Now call functions.answer with the final SPARQL and answer text.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1362118 .
  ?person wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
}

Using entities:
First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118), also known as Erster Bürgermeister
female (wd:Q6581072), also known as f, fairer sex, fem, female character, female gender, etc.

Using properties:
sex or gender (wd:P21 as wdt), also known as biological sex, gender, gender expression, gender identity, gender or sex, etc.
position held (wd:P39 as wdt), also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held, etc.

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

Answer: The query returns count = 0. According to Wikidata, Hamburg has had 0 different female First Mayors (no recorded female holders of the office "First Mayor of Hamburg", wd:Q1362118).

How many different female mayors did Hamburg have?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many different female mayors did Hamburg have?

[Assistant] I will first find the Wikidata entity for Hamburg, then find the relevant mayor offices (e.g., "First Mayor of Hamburg", "Second Mayor of Hamburg" or other mayoral offices tied to Hamburg). After identifying the office item(s), I'll search for humans who held those offices and are female, then count distinct persons. I'll start by searching for "Hamburg" in Wikidata to get the entity identifier. I'll now call the entity search.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hamburg (wd:Q1055), also known as Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Hamburg, Freie und Hansestadt, Hamburg, Germany: is instance of urban municipality in Germany / is instance of Lists of former Hansa cities / is instance of Einheitsgemeinde of Germany / is instance of federated state of Germany / is instance of urban district of Hamburg / is instance of federal state of Germany / city and state in the North of Germany / is instance of Free imperial city / is instance of free imperial city / city and federal state in Germany / is instance of Hanseatic city / is instance of Metropolis / is instance of metropolis / is instance of city-state / is instance of port city / is instance of big city
2. Hamburger SV (wd:Q51974, matched via Hamburg), also known as Hamburg, Hamburger, Hamburger Sport-Verein, Hamburger S.V., HamburgerSV, etc.: German sports club based in Hamburg, with its largest branch being its football department / German professional sport club based in Hamburg, founded in 1887 / German professional sport club based in Hamburg, founded in 1887 / is instance of association football club / is instance of soccer club / is instance of sports club / is instance of sport club
3. Hamburg (wd:Q1005682), also known as Hamburg, Minnesota, Hamburg, MN: city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States
4. Hamburg (wd:Q998718), also known as Hamburg, IA, Hamburg, Iowa: city in Fremont County, Iowa, United States / city in Fremont County, Iowa, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
5. Hamburg (wd:Q79657), also known as Hamburg, AR, Hamburg, Arkansas: city in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
6. Hamburg (wd:Q1082931), also known as Hamburg, New Jersey, Hamburg, NJ: borough in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States / is instance of borough of New Jersey
7. Hamburg (wd:Q742785), also known as Hamburg, New York, Hamburg, NY: town in Erie County, New York, United States / is instance of town in the United States / is instance of town of New York
8. Hamburg (wd:Q2672139), also known as Hamburg, IL: village in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States / is instance of village of Illinois
9. Hamburg (wd:Q1181264), also known as Hamburg, PA, Hamburg, Pennsylvania: borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States / is instance of borough of Pennsylvania
10. Hamburg (wd:Q939795), also known as Hamburgh: breed of chicken developed in Germany and Holland prior to 1700 / is instance of chicken breed / is subclass of chicken / is subclass of Chicken

[Assistant] I'll search for entities corresponding to mayoral offices of Hamburg: "First Mayor of Hamburg", "Second Mayor of Hamburg", and general "Mayor of Hamburg". I'll search for "First Mayor of Hamburg" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118), also known as Erster Bürgermeister: head of government of the city and state of Hamburg, Germany / is subclass of head of government / is subclass of Head of government / is subclass of Minister-President / is instance of position / is subclass of mayor
2. mayor of Novo Hamburgo (wd:Q130279902): head of the Executive Power in the Brazilian municipality of Novo Hamburgo / is subclass of elective office / is subclass of public office / is instance of mayor
3. first deputy mayor of Lille (wd:Q121076404): is subclass of deputy mayor of Lille / is subclass of first deputy mayor / is instance of position
4. The First Mayor of Pittsburgh (wd:Q28136846): painting by David Gilmour Blythe / painting by David Blythe / is instance of painting
5. mayor of the first sector of Marseille (wd:Q65737403): is subclass of arrondissement mayor / is instance of position
6. First Deputy Mayor of Palafrugell (wd:Q62276787): is subclass of Deputy Mayor of Palafrugell / is subclass of First Deputy Mayor / is instance of public office
7. First Deputy Mayor of Barcelona (wd:Q63346268): is subclass of First Deputy Mayor / is instance of public office
8. First Deputy Mayor of Pals (wd:Q44278748): is subclass of city councillor of Pals / is subclass of First Deputy Mayor / is instance of public office / is subclass of proxy
9. William Jones, First Mayor of Oldham (wd:Q119703105): painting by Charles Palmer Downing (1847–1902), Gallery Oldham / is instance of painting
10. William Jones, First Mayor of Oldham (wd:Q119703107): painting by Charles Palmer Downing (1847–1902), Gallery Oldham (william-jones-first-mayor-of-oldham-90573) / is instance of painting

[Assistant] I'll also search for "Second Mayor of Hamburg" and "Mayor of Hamburg" to see relevant properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118), also known as Erster Bürgermeister: head of government of the city and state of Hamburg, Germany / is subclass of head of government / is subclass of Head of government / is subclass of Minister-President / is instance of position / is subclass of mayor
2. mayor of Novo Hamburgo (wd:Q130279902): head of the Executive Power in the Brazilian municipality of Novo Hamburgo / is subclass of elective office / is subclass of public office / is instance of mayor
3. mayor of the second sector of Marseille (wd:Q65737509): is subclass of arrondissement mayor / is instance of position
4. Mayor of Secondigné-sur-Belle (wd:Q65460130): is subclass of mayor of a place in France / is instance of position
5. Mayor of Secondigny (wd:Q65460131): is subclass of mayor of a place in France / is instance of position
6. Second Deputy Mayor of Palafrugell (wd:Q62276998): is subclass of Deputy Mayor of Palafrugell / is instance of public office
7. Second Deputy Mayor of Pals (wd:Q44279934): is subclass of city councillor of Pals / is instance of public office / is subclass of deputy mayor / is subclass of proxy
8. [Response to the mayor of Hamburg] (wd:Q69674806): scientific article published on 01 October 1986 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. mayor of Mayorga (wd:Q131146491): is subclass of mayor of a place in the Philippines / is instance of position / Philippines
10. mayor of Mayorga (wd:Q26697017): is instance of public office / political position in Spain / is subclass of alcalde

[Assistant] "First Mayor of Hamburg" item exists (wd:Q1362118). The office likely has holders (people with property "position held" P39). I need to find all distinct female persons who held any mayoral office of Hamburg. Historically, the head of government is "First Mayor" (Erster Bürgermeister). There may be "Second Mayor" too—search for office for Second Mayor: maybe "Second Mayor of Hamburg" is item. Let's look for position items whose statement 'applies to jurisdiction' Hamburg (wd:Q1055) or similar. I'll search for positions with property "applies to jurisdiction" wd:Q1055. The property is P1001? Wait, property for "applies to jurisdiction" is P1001? No, need to search property. Use search_property for "applies to jurisdiction".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. applies to jurisdiction (wd:P1001 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as applicable area, applicable country, applicable geographic place, applicable jurisdiction, applicable location, etc.: the item (institution, law, public office, public ... jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...) / the item (an institution, law, public office ...) or ... jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...) / is subproperty of characteristic of / is subproperty of significant place / is subproperty of operating area
2. valid in place (wd:P3005 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via applies to country), also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in, etc.: is subproperty of applies to part / place where a statement is valid / place where a statement is valid
3. of (wd:P642 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via applies to), also known as applies to, for, in, in scope of, in the scope of, etc.: (This property is being deprecated, see details at WD:P642) ... a statement applies within the scope of a particular item / (This property is being deprecated, see details at WD:P642) ... a statement applies within the scope of a particular item / (This property is being deprecated, see details at WD:P642) ... a statement applies within the scope of a particular item / (being deprecated, find alternatives at WD:P642) qualifier ... a statement applies within the scope of a particular item
4. operating area (wd:P2541 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via jurisdiction operated), also known as area of operations, area of responsibility, area operated, area served, areas served, etc.: geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for / geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for / geographic area or jurisdiction an organization or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for / is subproperty of location
5. nature of statement (wd:P5102 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via jurisdiction status), also known as condition, frequency, jurisdiction status, modality of statement, nature, etc.: (qualifier only) the underlying circumstances of this statement / (qualifier only) the underlying circumstances of this statement
6. valid in period (wd:P1264 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via applies to period), also known as applies to era, applies to period, applies to season, applies to time, period of applicability, etc.: time period when a statement is valid / time period when a statement is valid
7. Jurisdiction List number (wd:P7925 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as J.L. number, JL number, P7925: distinct number used to identify a mauza or village in Bangladesh and parts of India
8. applies to part (wd:P518 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as applied to, applies to aspect, applies to form, applies to phase, apply to, etc.: part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies / part of the item for which the claim is valid / part of the item for which the claim is valid
9. applies to people (wd:P6001 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via applies to person), also known as applies to person, of, of people, of person, subgroup, etc.: qualifier to a specific group of people, members of a group or organization
10. laws applied (wd:P3014 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via applied law), also known as applied law, law applied, legal base, P3014: the constitutional and statutory provisions that were the primary basis for a decision or law / the constitutional and statutory provisions that were the primary basis for the decision

[Assistant] I'll get the First Mayor of Hamburg item and inspect its properties to see how holders are represented (likely via P1308? No, position held is P39). I will list triples for wd:Q1362118.

[Tool]
Got 92 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property                            | object                                           |
| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | position (wd:Q4164871)                           |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | country (wdt:P17)                   | Germany (wd:Q183)                                |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | subclass of (wdt:P279)              | head of government (wd:Q2285706)                 |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)              | /m/0bdv7hk                                       |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | applies to jurisdiction (wdt:P1001) | Hamburg (wd:Q1055)                               |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | appointed by (wdt:P748)             | Hamburg Parliament (wd:Q636377)                  |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | official residence (wdt:P263)       | Hamburg City Hall (wd:Q3987)                     |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | wdt:P31279                          | position (wd:Q4164871)                           |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | schema:description                  | Hanburgoko hiriko eta estatuko gobernuburua (eu) |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | schema:name                         | Céad Mhéara Hamburg (ga)                         |
| ...                                  | ...                                 | ...                                              |

[Assistant] Holders of a position are linked by property "position held" P39 on person items. So to find people who held First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118), I need to find ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1362118. Also, there might be other mayor positions like "Second Mayor of Hamburg" which may be a different position (subordinate). Let's search for positions that apply to jurisdiction Hamburg.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| position                                        | positionLabel                         |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q131314795                                   |                                       |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118)            | First Mayor of Hamburg (en)           |
| member of the Hamburg Parliament (wd:Q19360355) | member of the Hamburg Parliament (en) |
| wd:Q55500156                                    |                                       |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| position                                        | positionLabel                                                            |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q131314795                                   | Landeswahlleiter Hamburg (de)                                            |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118)            | Erster Bürgermeister (de)                                                |
| member of the Hamburg Parliament (wd:Q19360355) | Mitglied der Hamburgischen Bürgerschaft (de)                             |
| wd:Q55500156                                    | Hamburgischer Beauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit (de) |

[Assistant] I'll run a query to count distinct persons who held the "First Mayor of Hamburg" position (wd:Q1362118) and whose sex or gender is female (wd:Q6581072). This should give the number of different female mayors of Hamburg. I'll execute a SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT ?person) query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 329 (xsd:int) |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. mayor (wd:Q30185), also known as Mayor: head of municipal government such as a town or city / head of municipal government such as a town or city / head of municipal government such as a town or city / head of municipal government such as a town or city / is subclass of Head of government / is subclass of head of government / is subclass of local politician / is subclass of elective office / is subclass of governing body / is subclass of head of a city / is subclass of authority / is instance of position
2. burgomaster (wd:Q177529, matched via mayor), also known as burgemeester, burgermeister, burgmeister, mayor: archaic term for a mayor (to be used with P39) / is subclass of Chief magistrate / is instance of position / is subclass of mayor
3. Mayor of Castile (wd:Q260831, matched via Mayor), also known as Mayor, Mayor o Munia, Muniadona of Castile, Munia Mayor Sanchez: is instance of human / Queen of Navarre
4. Jesus María (wd:Q731893, matched via Mayor), also known as Mayor: Colombian municipality of the department of Santander / is instance of municipality of Colombia
5. The Mayor (wd:Q27952232, matched via Mayor), also known as Mayor, Special Citizen: 2017 South Korean film by Park In-je / is instance of film
6. city head (wd:Q4145633, matched via mayor), also known as head of city, head of town, mayor, town head: is subclass of local politician / is instance of public office / is subclass of public office / is instance of occupation / is subclass of authority / is instance of position / is subclass of mayor / position
7. The Mayor (wd:Q3795837, matched via Mayor), also known as Mayor: 1996 film by Ugo Fabrizio Giordani / is instance of film
8. mayor (wd:Q17175157), also known as mayor (Germany), mayor of a place in Germany: is instance of position / mayor of a German town / is subclass of mayor
9. Mayor (wd:Q6797626): is instance of family name / is instance of surname / family name / family name / surname
10. Mayor (wd:Q93478533): 2020 documentary film by David Osit / is instance of film

[Assistant] I will search for positions that apply to the jurisdiction Hamburg and are a subclass (transitively) of "mayor" (wd:Q30185). Then I'll list those positions to verify which mayoral offices exist for Hamburg. I'll run a query to find such positions.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| position                             | positionLabel               |
| ------------------------------------ | --------------------------- |
| First Mayor of Hamburg (wd:Q1362118) | First Mayor of Hamburg (en) |

[Assistant] I'll search for positions applying to Hamburg whose labels contain "mayor" or German "bürger" to include deputy/second mayors. Then I'll inspect holders and their genders if needed. I'll execute that SPARQL.

[Tool]
Got 54 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| position                                   | positionLabel                    | labelDe                                |
| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| 1949 Hamburg state election (wd:Q1021431)  | 1949 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 1949 (de) |
| 1946 Hamburg state election (wd:Q1021432)  | 1946 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 1946 (de) |
| 1957 Hamburg state election (wd:Q1021433)  | 1957 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 1957 (de) |
| 1953 Hamburg state election (wd:Q1021434)  | 1953 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 1953 (de) |
| 1961 Hamburg state election (wd:Q1021437)  | 1961 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 1961 (de) |
| ...                                        | ...                              | ...                                    |
| 2020 Hamburg state election (wd:Q40194748) | 2020 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 2020 (de) |
| 2011 Hamburg state election (wd:Q455288)   | 2011 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 2011 (de) |
| Hamburg Parliament (wd:Q636377)            | Hamburg Parliament (en)          | Hamburgische Bürgerschaft (de)         |
| 2008 Hamburg state election (wd:Q836394)   | 2008 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 2008 (de) |
| 2025 Hamburg state election (wd:Q86440621) | 2025 Hamburg state election (en) | Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg 2025 (de) |

[Assistant] I'll list all persons who held the First Mayor of Hamburg position to verify their genders and check for any female holders. I'll fetch the list of holders and their genders.

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personLabel                | sexLabel  |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------- | --------- |
| wd:Q77390                         |                            | male (en) |
| Carl Vincent Krogmann (wd:Q74266) | Carl Vincent Krogmann (en) | male (en) |
| Hans-Ulrich Klose (wd:Q447940)    | Hans-Ulrich Klose (en)     | male (en) |
| Henning Voscherau (wd:Q71371)     | Henning Voscherau (en)     | male (en) |
| Herbert Weichmann (wd:Q68114)     | Herbert Weichmann (en)     | male (en) |
| ...                               | ...                        | ...       |
| Ortwin Runde (wd:Q70051)          | Ortwin Runde (en)          | male (en) |
| Paul Nevermann (wd:Q85910)        | Paul Nevermann (en)        | male (en) |
| Peter Schulz (wd:Q85791)          | Peter Schulz (en)          | male (en) |
| Peter Tschentscher (wd:Q971774)   | Peter Tschentscher (en)    | male (en) |
| Rudolf Petersen (wd:Q87670)       | Rudolf Petersen (en)       | male (en) |

[Assistant] I'll run a query that finds all positions that are (transitive) subclasses of "mayor" and apply to Hamburg, then counts distinct female persons who held any of those positions. This verifies whether any positions other than "First Mayor" count. I'll execute the SPARQL query now.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] I'll run one final SPARQL query that counts distinct people who held the office "First Mayor of Hamburg" (wd:Q1362118) and whose sex or gender (P21) is female (wd:Q6581072). This directly answers how many different female mayors Hamburg has had for that chief mayoral office. Then I'll provide the result.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?dateOfBirth WHERE {
  VALUES ?person {
    wd:Q43347
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P569 ?dateOfBirth .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Rumi (wd:Q43347), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn ar-Rūmī, Jalaladdin Rumi, Jalāl-ad-dīn Rūmī, Jalāladdīn Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Balkhī, etc.

Using properties:
date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.

Answer: Rumi (wd:Q43347) was born on 1207-09-30 (ISO 8601).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] When was Rumi born?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for the entity "Rumi" in Wikidata to find the correct item identifier. I'll call the entity search function now. I'll explain the result after the call.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Rumi (wd:Q43347), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn ar-Rūmī, Jalaladdin Rumi, Jalāl-ad-dīn Rūmī, Jalāladdīn Rūmī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Balkhī, etc.: has occupation Philosopher / has occupation philosopher / has occupation literary / has occupation writer / has occupation mystic / Sufi and Persian poet / has occupation ʿālim / has occupation Ulama / is instance of human / has occupation poet / Iranian poet / Iranian poet
2. Rum (wd:Q3943294, matched via Rūmī), also known as Arwām, Rūm, Rūmī: is instance of endonym / autonym
3. Rūmī (wd:Q25908371): is instance of Mercury crater / is instance of Impact crater / is instance of impact crater / crater on planet Mercury
4. Lanmewko (wd:Q109342876, matched via Rumi), also known as Rumi: has occupation Twitch streamer / is instance of fictional human / Taiwanese Virtual YouTuber / Taiwanese Virtual YouTuber / has occupation VTuber
5. Rumi (wd:Q11241326): Japanese master of ceremonies / has occupation rapper / is instance of human
6. POGLUT1 (wd:Q18042749, matched via Rumi), also known as C3orf9, CLP46, hCLP46, KDELCL1, KTELC1, etc.: protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens / is subclass of protein-coding gene / is instance of gene
7. Rumi (wd:Q97655647), also known as るみ: is instance of undifferentiated Japanese kana given name / is instance of female given name / Japanese female given name (るみ) / female given name / female given name
8. Rumi (wd:Q11578550): has occupation actor / is instance of human / Japanese actress / Japanese actress / Japanese actress
9. Rumi (wd:Q19949377): is instance of human
10. Rūmi (wd:Q35272866): stream in Balochistan, Pakistan / is instance of stream

[Assistant] I'll look up properties for the Rumi item (wd:Q43347) to find the property for date of birth (commonly "date of birth" P569). I'll search properties related to birth for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth (wd:P19 as p/wdt, matched via born), also known as birth city, birth location, birth place, birthplace, born, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
2. date of birth (wd:P569 as p/wdt, matched via born), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.: is subproperty of date of foundation or creation / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / is subproperty of inception
3. child (wd:P40 as p/wdt, matched via offspring), also known as children, daughter, daughters, descendants, father of, etc.: subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039) / subject has the object in their family as their offspring son or daughter (independently of their age) / subject has object as biological, foster, and/or adoptive child / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
4. spouse (wd:P26 as p/wdt, matched via marry), also known as common-law husband, common-law spouse, common-law wife, husband, husbands, etc.: the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
5. date of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt, matched via deathdate), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.: is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished date / is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / is subproperty of end time
6. sex or gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt, matched via gender), also known as biological sex, gender, gender expression, gender identity, gender or sex, etc.: sexual identity of subject: male (Q6581097), female ... (Q43445). Groups of same gender use "subclass of" (P279) / sex or gender identity: male (Q6581097), female (Q6581072), ... (Q43445). Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279) / sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, ... female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
7. father (wd:P22 as p/wdt, matched via child of), also known as child of, dad, daddy, daughter of, has father, etc.: male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent' (P3448) / male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448) / male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448) / is subproperty of parent
8. number of children (wd:P1971 as p/wdt, matched via number of offspring), also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids, etc.: number of children of the person. Mainly in cases where the full list isn't or shouldn't be added in "child" (P40). / number of children of the person, animal, or character
9. notable work (wd:P800 as p/wdt, matched via founded), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works / notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
10. place of death (wd:P20 as p/wdt), also known as death location, death place, deathplace, died, died in, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query to fetch the date of birth (property P569) for the Wikidata item for Rumi (wd:Q43347). I will include the item's IRI and an English label as optional for clarity. Now I will execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| person           | personLabel | dateOfBirth                         |
| ---------------- | ----------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Rumi (wd:Q43347) | Rumi (en)   | 1207-09-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The query returned the date of birth: 1207-09-30 (with time and timezone). I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?item ?itemLabel ?deaths ?injured ( ( ?deaths + COALESCE ( ?injured , 0 ) ) AS ?casualties ) WHERE {
  BIND( wd:Q815436 AS ?item ) .
  ?item wdt:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P1339 ?injured .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?itemLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
The Troubles (wd:Q815436), also known as Conflict in Ireland, Conflict in Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland conflict, Northern Ireland Troubles, Northern Irish Troubles, etc.

Using properties:
number of deaths (wd:P1120 as wdt), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.
number of injured (wd:P1339 as wdt), also known as injured, injuries, injury toll, non-fatal injuries, number injured, etc.

Answer: Wikidata (item wd:Q815436) gives: deaths P1120 = 3,532; injured P1339 = 47,541; total casualties (deaths + injured) = 51,073.

How many casualties were a result of the Troubles?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many casualties were a result of the Troubles?

[Assistant] Step 1 — find the Wikidata item for "the Troubles" (Northern Ireland conflict). I'll search the knowledge graph for entities matching "Troubles" and "the Troubles". I will execute a search query now. I will show my reasoning before the call: I expect an item like "Troubles (Northern Ireland conflict)" — I'll verify its Q-id.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Troubles (wd:Q815436, matched via Troubles), also known as Conflict in Ireland, Conflict in Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland conflict, Northern Ireland Troubles, Northern Irish Troubles, etc.: 1960s–1990s conflict in Northern Ireland between Irish republicans and British officials / is instance of Sectarian violence / is instance of sectarian violence / is instance of ethnic conflict
2. Troubles (wd:Q4000425): novel by James Gordon Farrell / is instance of written work
3. Troubles (wd:Q7846501): is instance of album / album by Steve Lacy
4. Troubles (wd:Q7846503): is instance of musical group / UK musical group
5. Troubles (wd:Q131565207): is instance of version, edition or translation / hardback edition (en)
6. Troubles (wd:Q129262318): is instance of music track with vocals / 2022 track by Denzel Curry
7. Troubles (wd:Q109812273): Movie directed by Érik Papatie / is instance of film
8. Troubles (wd:Q42196874): is instance of creative work
9. Troubles (wd:Q7846502): is instance of album / album by Troubles
10. troubleshooting (wd:Q2078905): form of problem solving, often applied to repair failed products or processes / is instance of problem-solving approach / is subclass of problem solving

[Assistant] I'll search for properties of the Wikidata item Q815436 related to casualties, deaths, fatalities, or number of victims. I'll call the property search for "casualties" and "deaths".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. number of deaths (wd:P1120 as p/wdt, matched via fatalities), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause
2. number of injured (wd:P1339 as p/wdt, matched via wounded), also known as injured, injuries, injury toll, non-fatal injuries, number injured, etc.: number of people with non-fatal injuries in an event / number of people with non-fatal injuries in an event
3. end time (wd:P582 as p/wdt, matched via to), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / is subproperty of point in time
4. point in time (wd:P585 as p/wdt, matched via on), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true
5. start time (wd:P580 as p/wdt, matched via from), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / is subproperty of point in time
6. location (wd:P276 as p/wdt, matched via from), also known as based in, city, from, held by, in, etc.: location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ... use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706. / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706.
7. topic's main category (wd:P910 as p/wdt, matched via category), also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category, etc.: main category of this topic / main Wikimedia category
8. Commons category (wd:P373 as p/wdt, matched via commonscat), also known as category Commons, category on Commons, category on Wikimedia Commons, category Wikipedia Commons, commonscat, etc.: name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category:") / name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category") / name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category")
9. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
10. country (wd:P17 as p/wdt, matched via state), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17: sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / is subproperty of located in the administrative territorial entity

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL query on the Wikidata item for "The Troubles" (wd:Q815436) to get the "number of deaths" (P1120) and "number of injured" (P1339), and compute casualties as deaths + injured (treat missing injured as 0). This will confirm the recorded figures in Wikidata. I'll execute the query now.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| deaths             | injured             | casualties          |
| ------------------ | ------------------- | ------------------- |
| 3532 (xsd:decimal) | 47541 (xsd:decimal) | 51073 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant] I'll finalize by returning a SPARQL query that includes the item IRI, its English label, the number of deaths (P1120), the number of injured (P1339), and the summed casualties. I will also state the numeric result found. Now I will call the answer tool with the final query and the result interpretation.

[Tool] Stopping