PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?game ?gameLabel ( MIN( ?date ) AS ?firstDate ) WHERE {
  ?game wdt:P178 wd:Q677273 ; wdt:P31 wd:Q7889 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?game wdt:P577 ?date .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?game rdfs:label ?gameLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?gameLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?game ?gameLabel
ORDER BY ?firstDate
LIMIT 1
OFFSET 1

Using entities:
Piranha Bytes (wd:Q677273)
video game (wd:Q7889), also known as computer game, computer games, vg, videogame, videogames

Using properties:
developer (wd:P178 as wdt), also known as created by, dev, developed by, game dev, game developer, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
publication date (wd:P577 as wdt), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.

Answer: The second game developed by Piranha Bytes is Gothic II (wd:Q1456987).

What is the second game developed by Piranha Bytes?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What is the second game developed by Piranha Bytes?

[Assistant] I will find the Wikidata item for Piranha Bytes, then retrieve the ordered list of video games they developed, ordered by release date, and select the second one. I'll first search for the entity "Piranha Bytes".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Piranha Bytes (wd:Q677273): is instance of video game developer company / German video game development company / is instance of video game developer
2. piranha (wd:Q185215), also known as piraña, Serrasalmus nattereri: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of Serrasalminae / group of fish
3. Red-bellied piranha (wd:Q928382), also known as Pygocentrus nattereri, red piranha: is instance of taxon / species of fish
4. Piranha (wd:Q687702), also known as Mowag Piranha: is subclass of armoured fighting vehicle / armored fighting vehicle family by MOWAG / is subclass of armored fighting vehicle / is instance of combat vehicle family / is instance of vehicle family / is instance of weapon family
5. Piranha 3D (wd:Q733995), also known as Piranha: 2010 film directed by Alexandre Aja / is instance of film
6. Piranha (wd:Q1140216): 1978 film by Joe Dante / is instance of film
7. Piranha 3DD (wd:Q328208): 2012 film by John Gulager / is instance of film
8. redeye piranha (wd:Q2038575), also known as Serrasalmus rhombeus: is instance of taxon / species of fish
9. Wimple piranha (wd:Q2298006), also known as Catoprion mento: is instance of taxon / species of fish
10. piranha solution (wd:Q2552875), also known as piranha etch: oxidizing acid mixture containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide / is subclass of cleaning product / is subclass of aqueous solution / is subclass of oxidising agent / is subclass of oxidizing agent / is subclass of acid

[Assistant] I'll run a first SPARQL query to list items whose developer (wdt:P178) is Piranha Bytes (wd:Q677273), along with their publication dates (wdt:P577) and English labels, ordered by date. This will help verify which items are video games and how dates are recorded.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| game                                         | gameLabel                          | date                                |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| wd:Q767456                                   |                                    | 2001-03-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II (wd:Q1456987)                      | Gothic II (en)                     | 2002-11-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II (wd:Q1456987)                      | Gothic II (en)                     | 2003-04-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II: Night of the Raven (wd:Q2662055)  | Gothic II: Night of the Raven (en) | 2003-08-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II: Gold Edition (wd:Q118905969)      | Gothic II: Gold Edition (en)       | 2005-11-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                          | ...                                | ...                                 |
| Risen 3: Titan Lords (wd:Q15918760)          | Risen 3: Titan Lords (en)          | 2014-08-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elex (wd:Q25345979)                          | Elex (en)                          | 2017-10-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elex II (wd:Q107248040)                      | Elex II (en)                       | 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Risen (wd:Q1513013)                          | Risen (en)                         | 2023-01-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic Classic Khorinis Saga (wd:Q125849513) | Gothic Classic Khorinis Saga (en)  | 2024-06-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll refine the query to only include items that are instances of 'video game' (wd:Q7889) to avoid expansions, editions, or re-releases. I'll order by publication date and retrieve the first few results to identify the second game.

[Tool]
Got 17 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| game                                         | gameLabel                          | date                                |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| wd:Q767456                                   |                                    | 2001-03-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II (wd:Q1456987)                      | Gothic II (en)                     | 2002-11-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II (wd:Q1456987)                      | Gothic II (en)                     | 2003-04-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic II: Night of the Raven (wd:Q2662055)  | Gothic II: Night of the Raven (en) | 2003-08-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic 3 (wd:Q738909)                        | Gothic 3 (en)                      | 2006-10-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                          | ...                                | ...                                 |
| Risen 3: Titan Lords (wd:Q15918760)          | Risen 3: Titan Lords (en)          | 2014-08-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elex (wd:Q25345979)                          | Elex (en)                          | 2017-10-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elex II (wd:Q107248040)                      | Elex II (en)                       | 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Risen (wd:Q1513013)                          | Risen (en)                         | 2023-01-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Gothic Classic Khorinis Saga (wd:Q125849513) | Gothic Classic Khorinis Saga (en)  | 2024-06-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll inspect the unidentified item wd:Q767456 to see its label and properties, ensuring it's a video game and handling any unlabeled items. I'll list its triples.

[Tool]
Got 402 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject    | property                            | object                               |
| ---------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q767456 | instance of (wdt:P31)               | video game (wd:Q7889)                |
| wd:Q767456 | title (wdt:P1476)                   | Gothic (en)                          |
| wd:Q767456 | publication date (wdt:P577)         | 2001-03-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)  |
| wd:Q767456 | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | English (wd:Q1860)                   |
| wd:Q767456 | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)              | /m/02bfh5                            |
| wd:Q767456 | GND ID (wdtn:P227)                  | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4632616-9>    |
| wd:Q767456 | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | Germany (wd:Q183)                    |
| wd:Q767456 | official website (wdt:P856)         | <http://www.gothic.de>               |
| wd:Q767456 | genre (wdt:P136)                    | role-playing video game (wd:Q744038) |
| wd:Q767456 | different from (wdt:P1889)          | wd:Q4027805                          |
| ...        | ...                                 | ...                                  |

[Assistant] I'll run a final SPARQL query that groups releases to get each game's earliest publication date, orders games by that date, and returns the second game (LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1). This avoids duplicates from multiple release dates.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| game                    | gameLabel      | firstDate                           |
| ----------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Gothic II (wd:Q1456987) | Gothic II (en) | 2002-11-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The query returns Gothic II (wd:Q1456987) as the second game developed by Piranha Bytes. I'll finalize my answer with the SPARQL query and the result.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?album ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q41076 .
  ?album wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q482994 .
}

Using entities:
Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076), also known as Carey, Elusive Chanteuse, MC, Mimi, Mirage, etc.
album (wd:Q482994), also known as audio album, full album, full-length album, music album, record album

Using properties:
performer (wd:P175 as wdt), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 39 (xsd:int) |

Answer: Wikidata shows Mariah Carey as a performer on 39 distinct albums (query returned 39).

On how many albums does Mariah Carey perform?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] On how many albums does Mariah Carey perform?

[Assistant] I will first find the Wikidata entity for "Mariah Carey". I'll search the knowledge graph for that name.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076), also known as Carey, Elusive Chanteuse, MC, Mimi, Mirage, etc.: American singer and songwriter (born 1969) / has occupation music video director / has occupation singer-songwriter / has occupation recording artist / has occupation businessperson / has occupation philanthropist / has occupation film director / has occupation film producer / has occupation Film producer / has occupation DJ producer / has occupation voice actor / has occupation entertainer / has occupation composer / has occupation singer / has occupation actor / has occupation model / has occupation Model / is instance of human
2. Mariah Carey (wd:Q732845): 1990 debut studio album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / is instance of album
3. WikiProject Mariah Carey (wd:Q21830328): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration / is instance of WikiProject
4. The Essential Mariah Carey (wd:Q3235035): 2011 compilation album by Mariah Carey / is instance of album
5. Here Is Mariah Carey (wd:Q836551): VHS and DVD by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / is instance of album
6. M (wd:Q690434, matched via M By Mariah Carey), also known as M By Mariah Carey: women's fragrance from Elizabeth Arden / is instance of perfume
7. Mariah Carey: DVD Collection (wd:Q3282698): album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / is instance of album
8. Mariah Carey: Her Story (wd:Q131320674): book by the British writer Chris Nickson / is instance of written work
9. Why Mariah Carey Matters (wd:Q131160633): is instance of written work / book written by Andrew Chan
10. Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464): album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / album by Mariah Carey / is instance of album

[Assistant] I'll search for the property corresponding to "performer" to verify its identifier and usage in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer (wd:P175 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.: actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work / actor, musician, music group or other performer associated with this work / is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role (wd:P453 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via performer of), also known as acting role, as, performer of, plays, role, etc.: specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725) / specific role played or filled by subject (use only as qualifier of P161 or P725)
3. creator (wd:P170 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via artist (non-musical)), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.: maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of a creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. lyricist (wd:P676 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via songwriter), also known as author, lyrics by, songwriter, text author, text by, etc.: author of song lyrics; also use P86 for music composer / is subproperty of author / author of song lyrics
5. composer (wd:P86 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via songwriter), also known as composed by, film score by, musical score by, music by, songwriter, etc.: person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)] / person(s) who wrote the music; also use P676 for lyricist / person(s) who wrote the music; also use P676 for lyricist / is subproperty of creator
6. cover art by (wd:P736 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via artist), also known as album art by, album artwork by, album artwork designed by, album artwork designer, artist, etc.: name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
7. cast member (wd:P161 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as actor, actress, contestant of a play, feat., film starring, etc.: actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions] / actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... as qualifiers] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / actor performing live for a camera or audience [use ... as qualifier] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of performer
8. producer (wd:P162 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via music producer), also known as creative producer, film producer, musical producer, music producer, produced by, etc.: person(s) who produced the film, musical work, theatrical ... [for production company, use P272, video games - use P178] / producer(s) of this film or music work (film: not executive producers, associate producers, etc.)
9. playDB artist ID (wd:P9172 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via playDB artist identifier), also known as playDB artist identifier, P9172: identifier for music artists in playDB
10. exhibited creator (wd:P10661 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via exhibited artist), also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist, P10661: intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited / is subproperty of creator

[Assistant] I'll test whether albums list Mariah Carey as performer by querying albums (?album wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q482994) where ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q41076. I'll run a small query to retrieve a sample of such albums and labels.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                                                                | albumLabel                                                                    |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Love Songs (wd:Q10320080)                                                                | Love Songs (en)                                                               |
| Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas Special – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (wd:Q103861450) | Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas Special – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (en) |
| The Remixes (wd:Q1063122)                                                                | The Remixes (en)                                                              |
| Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (wd:Q16740886)                                    | Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (en)                                   |
| Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464)                                              | Mariah Carey Collector's Set (en)                                             |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                           |
| Caution (wd:Q57873330)                                                                   | Caution (en)                                                                  |
| Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (wd:Q579996)                                               | Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (en)                                            |
| Greatest Hits (wd:Q600034)                                                               | Greatest Hits (en)                                                            |
| Japan Best (wd:Q60987752)                                                                | Japan Best (en)                                                               |
| The Emancipation of Mimi (wd:Q633141)                                                    | The Emancipation of Mimi (en)                                                 |

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL COUNT query to count distinct items that are albums (instance of album or subclass) where Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) is listed as performer (wdt:P175). This verifies the total number of albums she performs on in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 39 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] I will provide the final SPARQL query (which I executed) and the result. The query counts distinct items that are instances (or subclasses) of album (wd:Q482994) and have Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) as performer (wdt:P175). The query returned 39. Now I'll finalize with the query and the numeric answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?birth ?death ( ( YEAR( ?death ) - YEAR( ?birth ) ) AS ?ageYears ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?person {
    wd:Q713701 wd:Q1057918
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P569 ?birth
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P570 ?death
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( lang( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?ageYears )

Using entities:
Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918)
Sirius Black (wd:Q713701), also known as Padfoot, Sirius Black III, Snuffles

Using properties:
date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.
date of death (wd:P570 as wdt), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.

Answer: Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer. According to Wikidata: Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) — born 1951, died 1998, age ~47; Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) — born 1959, died 1996, age ~37.

who lives longer, series black or bellatrix Lestrange?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] who lives longer, series black or bellatrix Lestrange?

[Assistant] Step 1 — I will search for the two characters in Wikidata to get their item identifiers (IRIs). I expect "Sirius Black" (the user typed "series black", likely a typo) and "Bellatrix Lestrange". I'll search for each name to confirm the correct Q-ids. I'll start with Sirius Black.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sirius Black (wd:Q713701), also known as Padfoot, Sirius Black III, Snuffles: fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels / is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / is instance of fantasy film character / is instance of fictional vigilante / is instance of Gryffindor student / is instance of literary character / has occupation gigilante / has occupation vigilante / is instance of pureblood / is instance of animagus
2. Sirius Black I (wd:Q15269539, matched via Sirius Black), also known as Sirius Black: is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional character in the Harry Potter series / is instance of literary character / is instance of pureblood
3. Sirius Black II (wd:Q15269521): is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional character of the Harry Potter series / is instance of literary character / is instance of pureblood
4. Caltoris sirius sirius (wd:Q21368054): is instance of taxon
5. Black Sea (wd:Q166), also known as Euxine: is instance of drainage basin / is instance of adjacent sea / sea between Europe and Asia
6. black hole (wd:Q589), also known as blackhole, black holes: astronomical object so massive, that anything falling into it, including light, cannot escape its gravity / is subclass of massive compact halo object / is instance of astronomical object type
7. black (wd:Q23445), also known as blackness: colour of coal, ebony and of outer space; the darkest colour; ... absence of or complete absorption of light; opposite of white / colour of coal, ebony, and outer space; the darkest colour; ... absence of or complete absorption of light; opposite of white / is subclass of absorbed or reflected object light / is instance of HTML4 named colour / is instance of HTML4 named color / is instance of safest web colors / is subclass of achromatic colour / is subclass of achromatic color / is instance of primary colour / is instance of primary color / darkest color
8. petroleum (wd:Q22656, matched via black gold), also known as black gold, conventional oil, crude oil, fossil oil, fossil-oil, etc.: is subclass of organic non-mineral compound / naturally occurring flammable liquid / is subclass of fossil fuel / is instance of nonmineral / is instance of commodity / is instance of mixture / is instance of Product / is instance of product / is subclass of oil
9. Black Death (wd:Q42005), also known as Bubonic Plague, Great Mortality, Great Pestilence, Great Plague, plague: 1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa / is instance of disease outbreak / is instance of pandemic
10. gunpowder (wd:Q12861, matched via black powder), also known as black powder: explosive most commonly used as propellant in firearms / is instance of explosive chemicals / is subclass of powder explosive / is subclass of propellant / is instance of mixture / is subclass of powder / is subclass of Powder

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918): is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional character of the Harry Potter series / is instance of fantasy film character / is instance of literary character / is instance of Slytherin student / has occupation terrorist / is instance of pureblood / has occupation murderer / has occupation magician
2. Bellatrix (wd:Q13066), also known as 24 Orionis, Gamma Orionis: is instance of UV-emission source / is instance of suspected variable / is instance of navigational star / star in the constellation Orion / is instance of near-IR source / is instance of optical double
3. Rodolphus Lestrange (wd:Q3743029): is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional character of the Harry Potter series / is instance of literary character / is instance of Slytherin student / has occupation terrorist / is instance of pureblood
4. Taurolema bellatrix (wd:Q14696342): is instance of taxon / species of beetle
5. Rabastan Lestrange (wd:Q12507581): is instance of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional character of the Harry Potter series / is instance of literary character / has occupation terrorist / is instance of pureblood
6. Gisèle Lestrange (wd:Q467575), also known as Gisele Lestrange: has occupation illustrator / has occupation Illustrator / has occupation printmaker / French artist (1927–1991) / has occupation painter / is instance of human / French artist / French artist
7. Hogna bellatrix (wd:Q1955735): is instance of taxon / species of arachnid
8. Amphicallia bellatrix (wd:Q4748219): is instance of taxon / species of insect
9. Histioea bellatrix (wd:Q13232194): is instance of taxon / species of insect
10. Lestrange family (wd:Q60390514): is instance of family from the Harry Potter franchise / is subclass of wizard in the Harry Potter universe / fictional family in the Harry Potter universe

[Assistant] I'll retrieve birth (P569) and death (P570) properties for Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) to find his lifespan. I'll list triples for that entity to inspect relevant properties.

[Tool]
Got 396 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | fantasy film character (wd:Q117289741)                                                        |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | vigilante (wd:Q3190387)                                                                       |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                            |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | given name (p:P735)              | s:Q713701-50493C2B-C763-43EC-AB19-18BDBE729026                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                           |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Sirius Black                                                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sirius%20Black%20fanart%20-%20Cor-Sa.jpg> |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                           |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                      |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Black family (wd:Q804258)                                                                     |
| ...                       | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 371 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                         | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | fantasy film character (wd:Q117289741)                                                       |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | terrorist (wd:Q12414919)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                         |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Bellatrix Lestrange                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bellatrix%20Lestrange%20by%20Candra.jpg> |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Lestrange family (wd:Q60390514)                                                              |
| ...                               | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll check each item's date of death (P570) to ensure we can compute lifespan. I'll query Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) and Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) for birth and death dates.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| person                            | personLabel              | birth                               | death                               |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Bellatrix Lestrange (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701)         | Sirius Black (en)        | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll search for a Wikidata property that records "age at death" to avoid computing differences myself.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death (wd:P570 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via year of death), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.: is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished date / is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / is subproperty of end time
2. age of subject at event (wd:P3629 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via age at event), also known as Aetatis, age at event, P3629: the age of the subject according to the cited source at the time of an event. Used as a qualifier of significant event property
3. discontinued date (wd:P2669 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via end-of-life date), also known as ceased date, date discontinued, date of discontinuation, date product was discontinued, discontinuation date, etc.: date that the availability of a product or service was ... retirement" (P730) for pieces or classes of equipment / date that the availability of a product was discontinued; see also "dissolved, abolished or demolished" (P576) / is subproperty of end time
4. dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wd:P576 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via ceased date), also known as abolished, abolishment date, ceased date, ceased on, ceased publication, etc.: point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ...  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product / date or point in time on which the organisation was dissolved/disappeared or the building demolished / is subproperty of end time
5. death rate (wd:P10091 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via mortality rate), also known as mortality rate, P10091: the total number of persons dead per 1,000 population per year
6. number of deaths (wd:P1120 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via death number), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause
7. place of death (wd:P20 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via location of death), also known as death location, death place, deathplace, died, died in, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
8. life expectancy (wd:P2250 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as life span, lifespan, P2250: average life expectancy for this group or species / is subproperty of duration
9. date of burial or cremation (wd:P4602 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via date of cremation), also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date, P4602: date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death / is subproperty of point in time
10. age of onset (wd:P2841 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as P2841: age group in which disease manifestations appear

[Assistant] Now I'll run a SPARQL query that gets birth and death years for Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) and Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918), computes an approximate age in years as YEAR(death) - YEAR(birth), and orders results so it's easy to see who lived longer. I'm using YEAR(...) subtraction because Wikidata stores full dates but SPARQL doesn't provide a precise builtin age-difference in years; this yields the usual approximation (it matches the simple subtraction most users expect).

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 5 columns:
| person                            | personLabel              | birth                               | death                               | ageYears     |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Bellatrix Lestrange (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 47 (xsd:int) |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701)         | Sirius Black (en)        | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 37 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] The query shows Bellatrix lived to 47 and Sirius to 37 (by year subtraction). I'll prepare the final SPARQL query returning the IRIs and computed age in years. I'll also include optional english labels. Then I'll execute it to confirm and present the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P463 wd:Q1065 .
  }
}

Using entities:
United Nations (wd:Q1065), also known as 🇺🇳, the U.N., the UN, U.N., UN, etc.
sovereign state (wd:Q3624078), also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state

Using properties:
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
member of (wd:P463 as wdt), also known as band member of, in musical group, member of musical group, membership, of organization, etc.

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 4 (xsd:int) |

Answer: According to Wikidata (counting items with instance of = sovereign state (Q3624078)), 4 countries have never been members of the United Nations. The SPARQL query used to obtain this is provided.

How many countries have never been members of the UN?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many countries have never been members of the UN?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for the likely entity for "sovereign state" in Wikidata to identify the class used for countries, and also search for the property representing UN membership. I'll explain each step and run queries to verify entities/properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sovereign state (wd:Q3624078), also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state: political organisation with a centralised independent government / political organisation with a centralised independent government / state that has the highest authority over a territory / is subclass of country / is subclass of state
2. Westphalian sovereignty (wd:Q442402, matched via state sovereignty), also known as state sovereignty, Westphalian system: concept of the sovereignty of nation-states in Europe / is subclass of world order / is instance of model
3. state sovereignty (wd:Q56350990), also known as national sovereignty
4. The Sovereign State (wd:Q7765603): is instance of literary work / book by Anthony Sampson
5. State Sovereignty Day (wd:Q130322685): Day commemorated in honor of the restoration of the ... Republic of Azerbaijan following the Anti-Terror Operation / is instance of holiday
6. Sovereign State of Forvik (wd:Q2011058): micronation founded on Forewick Holm in 2008 by Stuart Hill / is instance of micronation
7. Indonesian Sovereign State Party (wd:Q106361064), also known as Pandai Party: political party in Indonesia
8. Act on the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg (wd:Q123225392, matched via State Sovereign Signs Act), also known as Land Sovereignty Signs Act, State Sovereign Signs Act: German state law on the design and use of the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg / German state law on the design and use of the national emblems of the state of Baden-Württemberg / is instance of state law
9. New Union Treaty (wd:Q218877, matched via Union of Sovereign States), also known as Union of Sovereign States, Union of Soviet Sovereign Republics: is instance of proposed state merger / is instance of document / is instance of concept / draft treaty of 1991
10. Sovereign State of Aeterna Lucina (wd:Q7571613), also known as Aeterna Lucina: is instance of micronation / Micronation

[Assistant] Now I'll search for properties related to United Nations membership. I will try queries like "United Nations" and "member of the United Nations". I'll explain the results next.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of political party (wd:P102 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via member of), also known as member of, member of party, party, party membership, political party, etc.: the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated / the political party of which this politician is or has been a member / the political party of which this politician is or has been a member / is subproperty of member of
2. member of (wd:P463 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as band member of, in musical group, member of musical group, membership, of organization, etc.: organisation, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / is subproperty of part of
3. UN class (wd:P874 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as P874: UN hazard classification code
4. board member (wd:P3320 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via member of the board), also known as member of the board, member of the board of directors, P3320: member(s) of the board for the organization
5. member of cabinet (wd:P5054 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as cabinet, minister of cabinet, P5054: qualifier for "position held" (P39) to indicate the cabinet to which a minister belongs
6. country for sport (wd:P1532 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via representative nationality), also known as representative nationality, sport country, sporting nationality, sport nationality, sports country, etc.: country a person or a team represents when playing a sport / is subproperty of country
7. owned by (wd:P127 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via belongs to), also known as belonged to, belongs to, is owned by, owner, owners, etc.: owner of the subject / owner of the subject / owner of the subject
8. World Heritage Site ID (wd:P757 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via UNESCO WHS), also known as UNESCO WHS, WHS ID, P757: the identifier for a site as assigned by UNESCO. Use on one item per site, link parts with property "has part" (P527) / identifier for a site as assigned by UNESCO. Use on one item per site, link parts with property "has part" (P527) / identifier for a site as assigned by UNESCO. Use on one item per site, link parts with property "has part" (P527)
9. military unit (wd:P7779 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via member of military unit), also known as member of military unit, unit, P7779: smallest military unit that a person is/was in / is subproperty of member of
10. UNII (wd:P652 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as FDA UNII, UnII, Unique Ingredient Identifier, Unique Ingredient Identifiers, P652: identifier issued by the American Federal Drug Administration / Unique Ingredient Identifier / identifier issued by the FDA / Unique Ingredient Identifier

[Assistant] I will search for the United Nations entity and then check how countries indicate membership (likely via P463 "member of" pointing to UN). I'll verify sample country items to see how membership is recorded.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Nations (wd:Q1065), also known as 🇺🇳, the U.N., the UN, U.N., UN, etc.: global international and intergovernmental organisation / global international and intergovernmental organization / global international and intergovernmental organization / global international and intergovernmental organization / is instance of intergovernmental organisation / is instance of intergovernmental organization / is instance of international organization / is instance of international organisation
2. United Nations (wd:Q7888317): is instance of musical group / American band
3. United Nations (wd:Q7888316): is instance of album / United Nations album
4. United Nations (wd:Q7888319), also known as Canada United, Canadian United, Global United Nations Syndicate: criminal gang who started in Vancouver, British Columbia / is instance of membership organisation / is instance of membership organization / is instance of criminal organization / is instance of criminal organisation
5. United Nations (wd:Q7888314): is instance of album / Rui En album
6. United Nations (wd:Q104713070), also known as q Sm514 United Nations: subject category of the 20th Century Press Archives / is instance of PM20 subject category
7. United Nations (wd:Q111240888), also known as Star Trek UN, Star Trek United Nations, UN: United Nations as depicted in the Star Trek multiverse / is instance of fictional international organization
8. United Nations (wd:Q74063664): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 64023) / is instance of print
9. Charter of the United Nations (wd:Q171328, matched via United Nations Charter), also known as San Francisco Charter, UN Charter, United Nations Charter: 1945 foundational treaty of the United Nations / is instance of Articles of association / is instance of articles of association / is instance of constitutive treaty / is instance of charter
10. United Nations Secretary-General (wd:Q81066), also known as Secretary General, Secretary-General, Secretary-General of the United Nations, SG, UN Secretary General, etc.: chief administrative officer and head of the United Nations / is subclass of general secretary / is instance of position / is subclass of diplomat

[Assistant] I'll inspect a sample country (for example France wd:Q142) to see how UN membership is modeled. I'll list its statements.

[Tool]
Got 3,561 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject          | property                       | object                                                                                |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| France (wd:Q142) | instance of (wdt:P31)          | sovereign state (wd:Q3624078)                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | country (wdt:P17)              | France (wd:Q142)                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(2.000000 47.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | Commons category (wdt:P373)    | France                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | image (wdt:P18)                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paris%20from%20the%20Arc%20de%20Triomphe%2C%2017%20October%202019.jpg> |
| France (wd:Q142) | part of (wdt:P361)             | Pyrenees–Mediterranean Euroregion (wd:Q1849394)                                                                            |
| France (wd:Q142) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)         | /m/0f8l9c                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | GeoNames ID (wdtn:P1566)       | <https://sws.geonames.org/3017382/>                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | population (wdt:P1082)         | 68373433 (xsd:decimal)                                                                                |
| France (wd:Q142) | inception (wdt:P571)           | 0843-08-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| ...              | ...                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll first count how many items in Wikidata are instances of "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078). This verifies the total set of "countries" I'll consider. I'll run a SPARQL query to get that count.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 198 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] I'll count how many sovereign states have the statement "member of (P463) United Nations (Q1065)". This will verify how membership is encoded and allow computing how many have never been UN members.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 194 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] I'll run a query to list all sovereign states that are not listed as "member of" the United Nations, returning their IRIs and English labels to identify them.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| country                            | countryLabel            |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| German Empire (wd:Q43287)          | German Empire (en)      |
| Kingdom of Patones (wd:Q131839713) | Kingdom of Patones (en) |
| Palestine (wd:Q219060)             | Palestine (en)          |
| Vatican City (wd:Q237)             | Vatican City (en)       |

[Assistant] I'll run a final SPARQL COUNT query that selects all items that are instance of "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078) and that do NOT have a "member of" (wdt:P463) statement pointing to the United Nations (wd:Q1065). This will give the number of countries that have never been members of the UN according to Wikidata. Then I'll return the query and the numeric answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 4 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] Now I'll provide the final SPARQL query and the answer, and explain the steps and reasoning as requested.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?author ?authorLabel WHERE {
  ?author wdt:P800 wd:Q315296 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author rdfs:label ?authorLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?authorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
Erlangen program (wd:Q315296)

Using properties:
notable work (wd:P800 as wdt), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.

Answer: The Erlangen program was written by Felix Klein (wd:Q76641).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Who wrote the Erlangen program?

[Assistant] I'll first search for the Wikidata item for "Erlangen program", then inspect its properties to find the author (likely the person who wrote it). I'll run an entity search now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry / is instance of research
2. computer program (wd:Q40056), also known as program, software program: sequence of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task with a computer / is subclass of routine / is subclass of program
3. Apollo space program (wd:Q46611, matched via Apollo program), also known as Apollo, Apollo program, Project Apollo: 1961–1972 American human spaceflight program / is instance of human spaceflight program / is instance of NASA program / human spacelight programme / is instance of project
4. Erlangen (wd:Q3126), also known as Medical Valley: is instance of urban municipality in Germany / is instance of urban district of Bavaria / is instance of major regional center / is instance of major regional centre / is instance of Option municipality / is instance of district capital / city in Bavaria, Germany / is instance of big city
5. application (wd:Q166142, matched via application program), also known as app, application program, application software, computer application, software application: software program or group of programs designed for end-users / is instance of software category / is subclass of software
6. source code (wd:Q128751, matched via program code), also known as program code, software code, source, src: collection of computer instructions written using some human-readable computer language / is subclass of computer language manifestation / is subclass of program code / is instance of source type / is subclass of source
7. image scanner (wd:Q82744, matched via scanning program), also known as computer scanner, scanner, Scanners, scanning program: device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image / is subclass of home appliance / is subclass of digital camera / is subclass of input device
8. antivirus software (wd:Q93249, matched via anti-virus program), also known as anti-virus, antivirus, anti-virus program, antivirus program, Antivirus & Security Software, etc.: computer security software that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malware / computer security software that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malware / computer security software that is used to prevent, detect, and remove malware / is subclass of computer security software / is instance of software category
9. project (wd:Q170584, matched via program), also known as effort, program, programme: collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim / collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim / is subclass of planned process / is subclass of Process
10. television program (wd:Q15416), also known as television appearance, television broadcast, television programme, television show, T. V. broadcast, etc.: picture and sound segment of content intended for broadcast on television / segment of audiovisual content intended for broadcast on television / segment of content intended for broadcast on television / is subclass of broadcasting programme / is subclass of broadcasting program / is subclass of audiovisual work / is subclass of moving image

[Assistant] I'll list triples for the entity Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) to find a property indicating its author (likely P50 "author" or similar).

[Tool]
Got 128 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                                | object                              |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                   | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                  | /m/01k8tb                           |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Microsoft Academic ID (wdtn:P6366)                      | <https://makg.org/entity/111593780> |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wdt:P1417)           | topic/Erlanger-program              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Lex ID (wdt:P8313)                                      | Erlangen-programmet                 |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wdt:P10565)   | 318393                              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | nLab ID (wdt:P4215)                                     | Erlangen program                    |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | ProofWiki ID (wdt:P6781)                                | Definition:Erlangen_Program         |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wdt:P9621) | programma-di-erlangen               |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | wdt:P31279                                              | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| ...                           | ...                                                     | ...                                 |

[Assistant] I'll search for properties related to "author" or "creator" on the Erlangen program item to find who wrote it.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Microsoft Academic ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via Microsoft Academic Author ID), also known as Academic ID, academic.microsoft, MAG, MAG ID, Microsoft Academic Author ID, etc.: identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021) / identifier for an object in the Microsoft Academic Graph
2. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via is a), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wd:P1417 as p/wdt, matched via EBID), also known as britannica.com ID, Britannica ID, Britannica online ID, EB ID, EBID, etc.: identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica / identifer for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
4. Freebase ID (wd:P646 as p/wdt, matched via FID), also known as FID, Freebase, Freebase identifier, MID, P646: identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
5. nLab ID (wd:P4215 as p/wdt, matched via P4215), also known as nCatLab ID, nLab identifier, P4215: name of a page in nLab wiki
6. Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wd:P10565 as p/wdt, matched via P10565), also known as Encyclopedia of China ID (Third Edition), P10565: identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition)
7. ProofWiki ID (wd:P6781 as p/wdt, matched via P6781), also known as Proof Wiki ID, P6781: identifier for a ProofWiki article
8. Lex ID (wd:P8313 as p/wdt, matched via P8313), also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID, P8313: identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk
9. Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wd:P9621 as p/wdt), also known as Enciclopedia della Matematica ID, P9621: identifier for a topic in Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica, an Italian encyclopedia regarding mathematics

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll check if the Erlangen program item has a direct "author" (P50) or "creator" (P170) statement. I'll list triples for those properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] I'll search for "Felix Klein" on Wikidata to get his item and then check if he is linked to the Erlangen program via properties like "author of" or "notable work" or "described by". I'll search now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Felix Klein (wd:Q76641), also known as Christian Felix Klein, Felix Christian Klein, F. Klein: German mathematician, author of the Erlangen Program (1849-1925) / has occupation historian of mathematics / has occupation university teacher / has occupation mathematician / has occupation politician / has occupation publisher / is instance of human
2. Félix Klein (wd:Q16750728): has occupation Catholic priest / is instance of human / French priest
3. Felix Klein (wd:Q52062894): has occupation diplomat / has occupation jurist / has occupation Jurist / is instance of human / diplomat
4. Felix Klein (wd:Q120614781): has occupation film producer / has occupation Film producer / is instance of human / German film producer
5. Félix Klein (wd:Q133262954): is instance of human / Holocaust victim
6. Felix Klein (wd:Q106618632): is instance of carte de visite / photograph by Georg Brokesch / is instance of photograph
7. Felix Klein (wd:Q27526592): has occupation chess player / is instance of human / chess player
8. Felix Klein (wd:Q58181951), also known as F. Klein: researcher, ORCID id # 0000-0002-3680-4735 / has occupation researcher / is instance of human
9. Felix Klein (wd:Q95319364): is instance of human
10. Felix Klein Prize (wd:Q1403571): is instance of science award

[Assistant] I'll inspect Felix Klein's item to find statements that link him to the Erlangen program, such as "author of" (P50) or "notable work" (P800), or "described by source" or "publication". I'll list triples for wd:Q76641.

[Tool]
Got 851 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                         | object                                                                             |
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                      |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | politician (wd:Q82955)                                                             |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                 |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Christian (wd:Q18001597)                                                           |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1849-04-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Felix Klein                                                                        |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Felix%20Christian%20Klein.jpg> |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Klein (wd:Q428024)                                                                 |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | German Empire (wd:Q43287)                                                          |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)           | /m/0bj3j                                                                           |
| ...                     | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I'll search within Felix Klein's properties for "notable work" (P800), "author of" (P50), or "author" links.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work (wd:P800 as p/wdt), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works / notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. different from (wd:P1889 as p/wdt, matched via not), also known as confused with, differs from, disambiguated from, distinct from, distinguished from, etc.: item that is different from another item, with which it is often confused / item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
3. work location (wd:P937 as p/wdt, matched via works from), also known as active in, conducts business at, conducts business in, did work at, did work from, etc.: location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work / is subproperty of significant place / location where persons were active / is subproperty of location
4. award received (wd:P166 as p/wdt, matched via awarded), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
5. occupation (wd:P106 as p/wdt, matched via work), also known as avocation, career, craft, employ, employment, etc.: occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) / occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
6. birth name (wd:P1477 as p/wdt, matched via ne), also known as birthname, bn, bname, born as, full birth name, etc.: full name of a person at birth, if different from their ... John Peter Doe for Joe Doe, Ann Smith for Ann Miller) / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current name / is subproperty of name
7. field of work (wd:P101 as p/wdt, matched via subject), also known as academic area, academic discipline, academic subject, activity, activity domain, etc.: specialisation of a person or organisation; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation / is subproperty of interested in
8. employer (wd:P108 as p/wdt, matched via works for), also known as employed by, of employer, organisation, organization, worked at, etc.: person or organization for which the subject works or worked / organisation for which the subject works or worked / organization for which the subject works or worked / is subproperty of affiliation
9. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via is a), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
10. described by source (wd:P1343 as p/wdt, matched via mentioned in), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll list triples for the notable work property (P800) on Felix Klein to see if Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) appears.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property                | object                                                      |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Beltrami–Klein model (wd:Q1189065)                          |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (wd:Q1346193) |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Klein bottle (wd:Q23638)                                    |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Erlangen program (wd:Q315296)                               |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Mathematische Annalen (wd:Q703577)                          |

[Assistant]
We have a direct "notable work" statement linking Felix Klein to the Erlangen program. The question asks "Who wrote the Erlangen program?" A direct ASK query could test whether Felix Klein is the author, but better to produce a SELECT returning the author(s) of the Erlangen program. I need to construct a SPARQL query that returns the actual identifiers of the items who authored/wrote the Erlangen program.

Erlangen program item had no P50 or P170 earlier, but Felix Klein has P800 linking to it. So to find the author(s), query for items where ?author wdt:P800 wd:Q315296. Also check for other properties like "author of" inverse; P50 is "author", but documentation suggests works often have "author" (P50) as property on the work. Erlangen program lacked P50/P170, so find all humans with notable work Erlangen program, or people with P800 equal to item. Also maybe "editor of" or "creator" P170 on some items — but Erlangen program had none. I'll write a query that returns ?author where ?author wdt:P800 wd:Q315296. Also include optional rdfs:label for readability. Use wd:Q315296 for Erlangen program.

Follow rules: Explain thought process before and after each step and function call. So before calling functions.execute I must explain. I need to execute intermediate queries earlier already executed many. Now build final SPARQL and execute it. Then use functions.answer to provide final query and the answer. The answer must be based on SPARQL results; cannot compute outside.

I'll prepare SPARQL SELECT that selects ?author ?authorLabel where ?author wdt:P800 wd:Q315296. Also include that ?author is instance of human. But P800 often used for humans. I'll include optional label triples rdfs:label with filter lang? Use rdfs:label to get English labels optionally: OPTIONAL { ?author rdfs:label ?authorLabel . FILTER(LANG(?authorLabel) = "en") }.

Make sure to return identifiers IRIs — variable ?author will be an IRI. Good.

Now produce explanation then call functions.execute.
I'll run a SPARQL query to find items that list the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) as a notable work (property P800). This should return the author(s) who are credited with that work. I'll request the item IRIs and their English labels. Now I'll execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| author                  | authorLabel      |
| ----------------------- | ---------------- |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | Felix Klein (en) |

[Assistant] The query returns Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) as the person who has the Erlangen program listed among his notable works. I'll now finalize by returning the SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping