PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?prize ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q7191 wdt:P527 ?prize .
}

Using entities:
Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191), also known as Nobel

Using properties:
has part(s) (wd:P527 as wdt), also known as amalgamation of, assembled from, assembled out of, composed of, comprised of, etc.

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 5 (xsd:int) |

Answer: There are 5 prizes established by Alfred Nobel.

How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll find the Wikidata item for Alfred Nobel, then look for properties that link prizes to their founder/establisher (phrases like "established by", "founder", "endowed by"). I'll search for Alfred Nobel first. I'll run a search for the person.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810), also known as Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Alfred B. Nobel, Nobel: Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896) / has occupation weapons manufacturer / has occupation philanthropist / has occupation industrialist / has occupation photographer / has occupation scientist / has occupation engineer / has occupation inventor / has occupation Chemist / has occupation chemist / is instance of human
2. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q18236602): is instance of Horse / is instance of horse / Irish horse
3. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q2047706): is instance of train service / train service
4. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q4992600): is instance of Wikimedia duplicated page / Wikimedia duplicated page / has occupation scientist / is instance of human
5. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q124728259): painting by Emil Österman / is instance of painting
6. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q123948893): street in Sofia, Bulgaria / is instance of street
7. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q127414859): railway underpass in Helmond, the Netherlands / is instance of railway bridge
8. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q59017243): scientific article published in Nature / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. Alfred Nobel. (wd:Q55480875): scientific article published in January 1959 / scientific article published in January 1959 / scientific article published in January 1959 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Alfred nobel (wd:Q82943104): scientific article published on 01 October 1996 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant] I'll search for properties that point to Alfred Nobel as object, to see how prizes link to him (e.g., "founded by", "named after", "endowed by"). I'll list triples with Alfred Nobel as object.

[Tool]
Got 389 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                            | property                         | object                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Nemesis (wd:Q6137291)                                              | author (wdt:P50)                 | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| The Life of Alfred Nobel (wd:Q111208151)                           | main subject (wdt:P921)          | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| wd:Q10524618                                                       | has part(s) (wdt:P527)           | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| Karolina Andriette Ahlsell (wd:Q3813118)                           | child (wdt:P40)                  | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| Eley Limited (wd:Q5359838)                                         | followed by (wdt:P156)           | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| Alfred Nobel’s will (wd:Q123331561)                                | creator (wdt:P170)               | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| s:Q2645244-286ed030-4e8b-a460-73ab-4dac62e40576                    | field of work (pq:P101)          | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| Sociedad Anónima Española de la Pólvora Dinamítica (wd:Q104191037) | owned by (wdt:P127)              | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| Jaroslav a Alfred k tabuli! (wd:Q132133494)                        | depicts (wdt:P180)               | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| wd:Q9748610                                                        | category's main topic (wdt:P301) | Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) |
| ...                                                                | ...                              | ...                      |

[Assistant] I'll search for properties related to "established by" and "founder" to see which is used to link prizes to their establisher.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. foundational text (wd:P457 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via established by), also known as charter, constitution, constitutive text, created by, created in document, etc.: text through which an institution or object has been created or established / text through which an institution has been created
2. founded by (wd:P112 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via established by), also known as begun by, co-founded by, cofounded by, co-founder, cofounder, etc.: founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity / founder or co-founder of the organization or place / founder of this organisation, religion, or place / is subproperty of creator
3. subject named as (wd:P1810 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via established as), also known as AAP, authorized access point, authorized as, authorized form, authorized heading, etc.: name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned ... of a work, or is referred to in a particular context / name by which a subject is recorded in a database or mentioned as a contributor of a work / name by which a subject is recorded in a database or mentioned as a contributor of a work / is subproperty of name
4. service entry (wd:P729 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via established), also known as commissioned, date of service entry, deployment date, entered service, entry to service, etc.: date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service / date on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service / is subproperty of start time
5. inception (wd:P571 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via established), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / is subproperty of start time
6. main regulatory text (wd:P92 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via legally established by), also known as authorizing legislation, by-laws, bylaws, governing document, governing text, etc.: text setting the main rules by which the subject is regulated / text setting the main rules by which the subject is regulated / text setting the main rules by which the subject is regulated
7. notable work (wd:P800 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via founded), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works / notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
8. officialized by (wd:P5194 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as made official by, officialised by, P5194: the item which officialized this lexeme
9. agent of action (wd:P12995 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via initiated by), also known as actor, agent, being done by, did by, doer, etc.: particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
10. introduced in (wd:P10695 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via introduced by), also known as added in, first appeared in, first published in, introduced by, P10695: work that introduced this concept

[Assistant] I'll search for properties that could represent "established by" or "endowed by" (words like "founder", "endowed by", "established by") to find which property is used for prizes. I'll search for "endowed by" and "founder".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. donated by (wd:P1028 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via bestowed by), also known as bestowed by, donation from, donor, gift from, gift of, etc.: person or organization who donated the object
2. conferred by (wd:P1027 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via bestowed by), also known as awarded by, bestowed by, by, conceded by, degree awarded by, etc.: person or organisation who awards a prize to or bestows an honour upon a recipient / person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
3. grants (wd:P5460 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via bestows), also known as awards, bestows, confers, gives out, P5460: confers degree, honor, award, prize, title, certificate or medal denoting achievement to a person or organization
4. endowment (wd:P6589 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as financial endowment, P6589: sum of donations for the ongoing support of a not-for-profit institution
5. founded by (wd:P112 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via donated by), also known as begun by, co-founded by, cofounded by, co-founder, cofounder, etc.: founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity / founder or co-founder of the organization or place / founder of this organisation, religion, or place / is subproperty of creator
6. owned by (wd:P127 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via belonged to), also known as belonged to, belongs to, is owned by, owner, owners, etc.: owner of the subject / owner of the subject / owner of the subject
7. endorsed by (wd:P8001 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq), also known as endorsement by, supported by, P8001: public support given by a person or organization to a political or other campaign / is subproperty of sponsor
8. sponsor (wd:P859 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via endorsed by), also known as benefactor, endorsed by, patron, sponsored by, P859: organization or individual that sponsors this item / enterprise or individual that sponsors this item
9. possible creator (wd:P1779 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via attributed to), also known as attributed to, creator (possible), P1779: for a creative work with considerable uncertainty about the author
10. end cause (wd:P1534 as p/wdtn/pqn/pqv/wdt/prv/pr/ps/psn/prn/psv/pq, matched via ended by), also known as cause of ending, ended by, end has cause, end reason, reason for end, etc.: qualifier used together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the reason for the end / qualifier to use together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the cause

[Assistant]
The property "conferred by" (P1027) seems directly relevant to prizes (who awards them). But the user's question: "How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel?" Likely they mean prizes established by Alfred Nobel — the Nobel Prizes. On Wikidata, Nobel Prizes are items instance of "prize" or "award". We need to count prizes where Alfred Nobel is the "founder" or "donor" or "based on his will". Let's inspect Nobel Prize items to see which property links to Alfred Nobel.

I'll search for items that are instance of "prize" and have Alfred Nobel as something. First search for Nobel Prize.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191), also known as Nobel: set of annual international awards, primarily 5 established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel / is instance of science award / is instance of award / is subclass of prize
2. Nobel Prize (wd:Q56550587): scientific article published in the British Medical Journal / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. Nobel Prize (wd:Q84949135): scientific article published on 01 October 1964 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / is instance of editorial
4. Nobel Prize (wd:Q93856116): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
5. Nobel Prize (wd:Q93924922): scientific article published in October 1960 / scientific article published in October 1960 / scientific article published in October 1960 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
6. Nobel prize (wd:Q68617247): scientific article published on 01 October 1970 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
7. Nobel prize (wd:Q68632222): scientific article published on 01 October 1971 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
8. Nobel Prize (wd:Q68562111): scientific article published on 01 October 1966 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. NOBEL PRIZE (wd:Q81850411): scientific article published on 01 December 1912 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / is instance of editorial
10. Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922, matched via Nobel Literature Prize), also known as Nobel Literature Prize: one of five prizes established by Alfred Nobel / is instance of literary award / is subclass of Nobel Prize

[Assistant] I'll inspect the Nobel Prize item or instances of Nobel Prize to see properties that indicate "established by Alfred Nobel" or "founder". Let's look for items that are instances or subclass of Nobel Prize and check properties. For example, Nobel Prize in Literature (Q37922) mentioned "one of five prizes established by Alfred Nobel" in label. I'll list its properties.

[Tool]
Got 853 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                               | property                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | instance of (wdt:P31)       | literary award (wd:Q378427)                                                                       |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | country (wdt:P17)           | Sweden (wd:Q34)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Nobel Prize in Literature                                                                         |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | image (wdt:P18)             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nobel2008Literature%20news%20conference1.jpg> |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | part of (wdt:P361)          | Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191)                                                                            |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | subclass of (wdt:P279)      | Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191)                                                                            |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)      | /m/0ddd9                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | location (wdt:P276)         | Stockholm (wd:Q1754)                                                                              |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | inception (wdt:P571)        | 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                               |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)          | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/7505382-2>                                                                 |
| ...                                   | ...                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I need a property that directly links "established by Alfred Nobel". It might be in the Nobel Prize item (Q7191). Let's list properties of Q7191.

[Tool]
Got 975 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                    | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | instance of (wdt:P31)       | science award (wd:Q11448906)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | country (wdt:P17)           | Norway (wd:Q20)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Nobel Prize                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | image (wdt:P18)             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie%20Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Chemistry%201911.jpg> |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | subclass of (wdt:P279)      | prize (wd:Q5257307)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)      | /m/059x1                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | location (wdt:P276)         | Stockholm (wd:Q1754)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | inception (wdt:P571)        | 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)      | Nobel Peace Prize (wd:Q35637)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)          | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4130217-5>                                                                                |
| ...                    | ...                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I see has part(s) P527 listing Nobel Peace Prize (Q35637). Let's list all has part(s) of Q7191 to get the specific prizes.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property               | object                                            |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Nobel Peace Prize (wd:Q35637)                     |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922)             |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104)                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (wd:Q44585)              |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (wd:Q80061) |

[Assistant]
There are 5 parts listed. The user's question: "How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?" Likely answer is 5. But per instructions, we must build and execute a SPARQL query that counts prizes established by Alfred Nobel. We need to identify the property that indicates they were established by him. The Nobel Prize item description says "established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel." Where is that captured? Items might have "named after" or "founder" or "named after". However, the requirement is to count prizes established by Alfred Nobel. We can find items that are instance of "prize" (or subclass of prize) and are linked to Alfred Nobel via a property such as "has part(s)" under Nobel Prize, but better: look for items with "founder" P112 = Alfred Nobel, or "donated by" P1028, or "proposed by" etc.

Let's search for items where Alfred Nobel is the "founder" (wdt:P112).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work (wd:P800 as p/wdt, matched via founded), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works / notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. described by source (wd:P1343 as p/wdt, matched via found in), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in
3. member of (wd:P463 as p/wdt), also known as band member of, in musical group, member of musical group, membership, of organization, etc.: organisation, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / organization, club or musical group to which the subject ... position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that) / is subproperty of part of
4. birth name (wd:P1477 as p/wdt, matched via né), also known as birthname, bn, bname, born as, full birth name, etc.: full name of a person at birth, if different from their ... John Peter Doe for Joe Doe, Ann Smith for Ann Miller) / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current name / is subproperty of name
5. spouse (wd:P26 as p, matched via partner), also known as common-law husband, common-law spouse, common-law wife, husband, husbands, etc.: the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, ... Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
6. KBpedia ID (wd:P8408 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via kbpedia), also known as kbpedia, Kbpedia, KBpedia, KBpedia knowledge graph, KBpedia ontology, etc.: identifier for the KBpedia knowledge graph, which provides ... and extraction of training sets for machine learning
7. religion or worldview (wd:P140 as p/wdt, matched via denomination), also known as belief system, believes, denomination, devotee of, faith, etc.: religion of a person, organisation or religious building, or associated with this subject / religion of a person, organisation or religious building, or associated with this subject / religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject
8. place of birth (wd:P19 as p/wdt, matched via born at), also known as birth city, birth location, birth place, birthplace, born, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
9. Freebase ID (wd:P646 as p/wdt, matched via Freebase), also known as FID, Freebase, Freebase identifier, MID, P646: identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. date of birth (wd:P569 as p/wdt, matched via born), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.: is subproperty of date of foundation or creation / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / is subproperty of inception

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll check whether Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) has a property linking it directly to Alfred Nobel such as 'founder' (P112) or 'donated by' (P1028). I will list triples for wd:Q38104 to inspect.

[Tool]
Got 1,064 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                            | property                    | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | instance of (wdt:P31)       | physics award (wd:Q107494520)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | country (wdt:P17)           | Sweden (wd:Q34)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Nobel Prize in Physics                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | image (wdt:P18)             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie%20and%20Pierre%20Curie%27s%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Physics%201903.jpg> |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | part of (wdt:P361)          | Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | subclass of (wdt:P279)      | Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)      | /m/0dt39                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | location (wdt:P276)         | Stockholm (wd:Q1754)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | inception (wdt:P571)        | 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)          | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/7511829-4>                                                                                |
| ...                                | ...                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
I don't see direct P112 or P1028. However, the Nobel Prize item Q7191 might have a property "named after" or "creator" linking to Alfred Nobel. Let's search triples where Alfred Nobel appears as creator, founder, donor, or similar. I'll search for triples where object is Alfred Nobel and property equals maybe P170 (creator), P1542 (founded by?) Let's search for properties with object Alfred Nobel and then filter for prize items. We listed earlier many triples with object Alfred Nobel; we can filter those to find prizes. Let's search for subjects that are instance of 'prize' or subclass and have some relation to Alfred Nobel. A SPARQL query can find items ?award that are instance of/wdt:P31 ?type where ?type is subclass of prize or instance of prize, and that have statements linking to Alfred Nobel through some properties like P112, P1028, P170, P1027, P102? But we must identify the exact property. Alternatively, the straightforward approach: count the "parts" of Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) using P527; that returns 5. The question asks "How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?" So counting parts of Nobel Prize is likely correct and maps to 5. But the rules require verifying identifiers exist and executing final query. We must explain thought process before/after each function call. We already did many steps and function calls. Now build final SPARQL query to count prizes that were established by Alfred Nobel.

Option 1: Count items that are part of Q7191 (Nobel Prize has parts). Query: SELECT (COUNT(?prize) AS ?count) WHERE { wd:Q7191 wdt:P527 ?prize . } That counts 5.

But we should ensure that these prizes are "established by Alfred Nobel". Maybe some prizes under Nobel Prize were established later (like the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences is not one of the original five and established by Sveriges Riksbank in 1968), so if user asks "established by Alfred Nobel" we should exclude the memorial prize in economics (which is not part of the set of five). The five established by his will: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace. So counting P527 for Q7191 gives those five. Good.

Let's craft SPARQL: SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?prize) AS ?count) WHERE { wd:Q7191 wdt:P527 ?prize . } Optionally restrict ?prize to be instance of prize, but not necessary. Then execute.

We must explain thought process before and after the execute call. Already earlier we explained. Now proceed to final execute. Then provide answer.

We must use functions.execute to run final query. Provide explanation before call. Then run it. Then use functions.answer to finalize with SPARQL and answer string.

Let's do that.

I'll run a SPARQL query that counts the parts (has part(s) P527) of the Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191). These are the prizes established by Alfred Nobel (the five original Nobel Prizes). Now I'll execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 5 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] The query returned count = 5, as expected. I'll now finalize by returning the SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?creator ?creatorLabel ?dob WHERE {
  wd:Q13979 wdt:P170 ?creator .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?creator wdt:P569 ?dob .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?creator rdfs:label ?creatorLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?creatorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 10

Using entities:
Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979), also known as NBC's Saturday Night, Saturday Night

Using properties:
creator (wd:P170 as wdt), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.
date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.

Answer: The creator of Saturday Night Live is Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221). He was born on 1944-11-17.

when was the creator of saturday night live born?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] when was the creator of saturday night live born?

[Assistant] I will first find the Wikidata entity for "Saturday Night Live" so I can look up its creator. I'll search for the entity "Saturday Night Live".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979), also known as NBC's Saturday Night, Saturday Night: American late-night live television sketch comedy show / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): is instance of television series / is instance of serial / television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk / album by Trouble Funk / album by Trouble Funk / is instance of album
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): is instance of television series / is instance of serial / tv show aired in 2016
5. Saturday Night Live Korea (wd:Q7426718), also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6: is instance of television programme / 2011 South Korean television series / is instance of television program
6. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): is instance of television programme / is instance of television program / Japanese TV series or program
7. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show / is instance of television programme / is instance of television program
8. history of Saturday Night Live (wd:Q5866387, matched via Saturday Night Live history), also known as Saturday Night Live history: is instance of aspect of history / List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn (wd:Q5483492, matched via Saturday Night Live S37E9), also known as Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9, Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9: is instance of television series episode / episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Band (wd:Q7426708): is instance of musical group / American jazz and R&B band

[Assistant] I'll search for properties of the Saturday Night Live item to find which property records its creator.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator (wd:P170 as p/wdt), also known as art by, artist (non-musical), art work by, artwork by, by, etc.: maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists) / maker of a creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
2. director (wd:P57 as p/wdt), also known as directed by, film director, game director, movie director, P57: director(s) of this motion picture, TV series, stageplay, video game or similar / director(s) of this motion picture, TV series, stageplay, video game or similar / director(s) of film, TV-series, stageplay, video game or similar / is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject / is subproperty of creator
3. executive producer (wd:P1431 as p/wdt), also known as P1431: executive producer of a movie, TV show, or other piece of media or entertainment
4. cast member (wd:P161 as p/wdt, matched via actor), also known as actor, actress, contestant of a play, feat., film starring, etc.: actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions] / actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... as qualifiers] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / actor performing live for a camera or audience [use ... as qualifier] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of performer
5. production company (wd:P272 as p/wdt, matched via producer (company)), also known as ballet company, broadcasting company, film studio, motion picture studio, movie studio, etc.: company that produced this film, audio or performing arts work / company that produced this film, audio or performing arts work
6. narrator (wd:P2438 as p/wdt), also known as narrated by, P2438: narrator, character or person that tells the story / narrator, character or person that tells the story / is subproperty of spoken by
7. presenter (wd:P371 as p/wdt), also known as host, hosted by, hostess, presented by, TV host, etc.: someone who takes a main role in presenting a radio or television programme or a performing arts show / main role in presenting a radio or television program or a performing arts show / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of cast member
8. has part(s) (wd:P527 as p/wdt, matched via created from), also known as amalgamation of, assembled from, assembled out of, composed of, comprised of, etc.: part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670). / part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670). / part of this subject, also valuable subclass or exemplar. Inverse property of "part of".
9. logo image (wd:P154 as p/wdt, matched via masthead), also known as insignia, logo, logomark, mark, marque, etc.: graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / is subproperty of icon
10. genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt), also known as artistic genre, art style, film genre, genre of literature, genre of music, etc.: creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic / genre of a creative work or genre in which an artist works

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll look up the creator (property P170) of the Saturday Night Live item to find the entity, then get that entity's date of birth (P569). I'll first list the creator values for wd:Q13979.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property           | object                      |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------------------- |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | creator (wdt:P170) | Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221) |

[Assistant] Next I'll query Wikidata for Lorne Michaels's date of birth (property P569) to verify it. I'll list P569 for wd:Q521221.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                 | object                              |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221) | date of birth (wdt:P569) | 1944-11-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll run a final SPARQL query that retrieves the creator (IRI and English label) of Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) and that creator's date of birth (wdt:P569). This uses properties wdt:P170 (creator) and wdt:P569 (date of birth). Now I'll execute that query.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  wd:Q1297 wdt:P206 wd:Q1169 .
}

Using entities:
Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169), also known as Michigan
Chicago (wd:Q1297), also known as Chicago, IL, Chicago, Illinois, Chi-Raq, Chitown, Chi-Town, etc.

Using properties:
located in or next to body of water (wd:P206 as wdt), also known as adjacent water body, along river, bay, body of water, borders body of water, etc.

Answer: True — Wikidata states that Chicago (wd:Q1297) is located in or next to the body of water Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169). The ASK query used: ASK WHERE { wd:Q1297 wdt:P206 wd:Q1169 . }

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Is Chicago located at Lake Michigan?

[Assistant] I will first find the Wikidata entities for "Chicago" and "Lake Michigan" to be sure of their identifiers. Then I'll inspect Chicago's properties to find how the relationship "located at" or "located next to body of water" is represented in Wikidata and construct an ASK query that verifies whether Chicago is located at Lake Michigan. I'll start by searching for the Chicago entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chicago (wd:Q1297), also known as Chicago, IL, Chicago, Illinois, Chi-Raq, Chitown, Chi-Town, etc.: city and county seat of Cook County, Illinois, United States of America / city in Illinois, United States of America / city in Illinois, United States of America / is instance of city of Illinois / is instance of global city / is instance of big city
2. Chicago (wd:Q189889): 2002 film by Rob Marshall / is instance of film
3. Chicago (wd:Q371938), also known as Chicago (band), Chicago (musical group), Chicago Transit Authority, The Big Thing: is instance of musical group / American rock band
4. 334 Chicago (wd:Q151343, matched via Chicago), also known as (334) Chicago, Chicago: outer main-belt asteroid / is instance of asteroid / asteroid / asteroid
5. Willard (wd:Q2233885, matched via Chicago), also known as Chicago, Chicago Junction, Willard, OH, Willard, Ohio: city in Huron County, Ohio, United States / is instance of city in the United States / is instance of city of the United States
6. Chicago (wd:Q656285): 1975 musical by John Kander and Fred Ebb / is instance of dramatico-musical work
7. Chicago (wd:Q3281484): 1927 film by Frank John Urson / is instance of film
8. Chicago (wd:Q2451193), also known as Chicago II: 1970 studio album by Chicago / is instance of album / album by Chicago / album by Chicago
9. Chicago (wd:Q20649503), also known as One Chicago: American television series franchise / is instance of media franchise
10. Chicago (wd:Q16920511): is instance of musical work/composition / 2014 song performed by Michael Jackson

[Assistant] I'll search for the Wikidata entity for "Lake Michigan".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169), also known as Michigan: one of the Great Lakes of North America / is instance of lake
2. Lake Michigan (wd:Q113239022): scientific article published on 17 April 2022 / scientific article published on 17 April 2022 / scientific article published on 17 April 2022 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. Lake Michigan (wd:Q64154858): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 92925) / is instance of photograph
4. Lake Michigan (wd:Q64154774): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 92585) / is instance of photograph
5. Lake Michigan (wd:Q92397898): is instance of photographic work / photograph by Harry Callahan
6. Lake County (wd:Q63771, matched via Lake County, Michigan), also known as Aishcum County, Aishcum County, Michigan, Lake County, MI, Lake County, Michigan: is instance of county of Michigan / county in Michigan, United States / county in Michigan, United States
7. Lake City (wd:Q2061014, matched via Lake City, Michigan), also known as Lake City, MI, Lake City, Michigan: city and county seat of Missaukee, Michigan, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / city in Michigan, USA
8. Walled Lake (wd:Q2847502, matched via Walled Lake, Michigan), also known as Walled Lake, MI, Walled Lake, Michigan: city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States
9. Lake Angelus (wd:Q940731, matched via Lake Angelus, Michigan), also known as Lake Angelus, MI, Lake Angelus, Michigan: is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States / city in Oakland County, Michigan / city in Oakland County, Michigan / city in Oakland County, Michigan
10. Sylvan Lake (wd:Q3295703, matched via Sylvan Lake, Michigan), also known as Sylvan Lake, MI, Sylvan Lake, Michigan: human settlement in Oakland County, Michigan, United States of America / is instance of city of the United States / is instance of city in the United States

[Assistant] I'll inspect properties of the Chicago entity to find relevant properties that express being located at or adjacent to a lake (e.g., "located on body of water", "adjacent to", "located in the administrative territorial entity" won't be relevant). I'll search Chicago's properties for terms like "lake", "location", "adjacent", and "body of water".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. located in or next to body of water (wd:P206 as p/wdt, matched via lake), also known as adjacent water body, along river, bay, body of water, borders body of water, etc.: body of water on or next to which a place is located / is subproperty of location / sea, lake or river
2. country (wd:P17 as p/wdt, matched via land), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17: sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / is subproperty of located in the administrative territorial entity
3. area (wd:P2046 as p/wdt, matched via surface), also known as acreage, camera resolution, die area, die size, image resolution, etc.: area occupied by an object / area occupied by an object
4. coordinate location (wd:P625 as p/wdt, matched via location), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
5. legislative body (wd:P194 as p/wdt, matched via Jila), also known as aboriginal council, assembly, city council, council, diet, etc.: legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council / legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council / legislative body governing this entity; political institution ... representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
6. continent (wd:P30 as p/wdt), also known as P30: is subproperty of located in/on physical feature / is subproperty of located on terrain feature / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part / continent of which the subject is a part
7. elevation above sea level (wd:P2044 as p/wdt), also known as altitude, AMSL, EASL, elevation, elevation above mean sea level, etc.: height of the item (geographical object) as measured relative to sea level / height of the item as measured relative to sea level / height of the item as measured relative to sea level
8. located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as p/wdt, matched via region), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.: the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of
9. water as percent of area (wd:P2927 as p/wdt, matched via percent of area that is water), also known as H₂O%, percent of area that is water, P2927: which percentage of the territory of this item inside coast ... bounderies is water. Use "percent" (Q11229)  as unit / which percentage of the territory of this item inside coast line and international bounderies is water
10. aerial view (wd:P8592 as p/wdt, matched via sky view), also known as aerial image, aerial photo, aerial photograph, aerial video, orthophoto, etc.: image of the subject taken from the air / is subproperty of image / is subproperty of video

No other items found

[Assistant] I'll check which bodies of water are linked to the Chicago item (wd:Q1297) via property P206 (located in or next to body of water) to see if Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169) appears. I'll list triples with Chicago as subject and P206 as property.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject            | property                                       | object                     |
| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Chicago (wd:Q1297) | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169)   |
| Chicago (wd:Q1297) | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Chicago River (wd:Q643284) |

[Assistant] I'll run an ASK query to verify whether the Wikidata item for Chicago (wd:Q1297) has the property "located in or next to body of water" (wdt:P206) pointing to Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169). The ASK query will return true if that statement exists. I'll now execute that query.

[Tool] True

[Assistant] The ASK query returned True, confirming that Wikidata records Chicago as located in or next to Lake Michigan. I'll now provide the final answer and include the SPARQL ASK query I executed.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?namesake WHERE {
  wd:Q761383 wdt:P138 ?namesake .
}

Using entities:
Riemannian geometry (wd:Q761383)

Using properties:
named after (wd:P138 as wdt), also known as eponym, etymology, name after, named for, named in honor of, etc.

Answer: Riemannian geometry is named after Bernhard Riemann (wd:Q42299).

After whom is the Riemannian geometry named?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] After whom is the Riemannian geometry named?

[Assistant] Step 1: I will search the knowledge graph for an entity matching "Riemannian geometry" to find its Wikidata item and then inspect which property indicates who it's named after (likely property "named after" P138). I'll first search for the entity. I'll run a search for "Riemannian geometry".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Riemannian geometry (wd:Q761383): branch of differential geometry dealing with (generalized) Riemannian manifolds / is subclass of differential geometry / is instance of area of mathematics
2. Riemannian geometry (wd:Q115364222): scientific article published in April 1989 / scientific article published in April 1989 / scientific article published in 1989 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. Riemannian geometry (wd:Q115158804): scientific article published in 1992 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
4. Riemannian Geometry. (wd:Q115229154): scientific article published in April 1927 / scientific article published in April 1927 / scientific article published in 1927 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
5. Riemannian Geometry. (wd:Q115229007): scientific article published in August 1985 / scientific article published in August 1985 / scientific article published in 1985 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
6. Riemannian Geometry (wd:Q60133667): scientific article published in Nature / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
7. Discrete Riemannian geometry (wd:Q115328318): scientific article published in March 1999 / scientific article published in March 1999 / scientific article published in 1999 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
8. Generalizing Riemannian geometry (wd:Q115333889): scientific article published in December 1973 / scientific article published in December 1973 / scientific article published in 1973 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. GENERALIZED RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY. (wd:Q36396185): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scientific article
10. Satellites and Riemannian geometry (wd:Q115393819): scientific article published in March 1969 / scientific article published in March 1969 / scientific article published in 1969 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant] Now I'll search the properties of the Riemannian geometry item for something like "named after" to find the property linking it to the person it's named after.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. named after (wd:P138 as p/wdt), also known as eponym, etymology, name after, named for, named in honor of, etc.: entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake ... "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one / person or other entity that inspired this item's name / person or other entity that inspired this item's name
2. instance of (wd:P31 as p/wdt, matched via is a), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. NDL Authority ID (wd:P349 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via ndl), also known as National Diet Library Auth ID, National Diet Library ID, National Diet Library of Japan authority control ID, National Diet Library of Japan ID, ndl, etc.: identifier for authority control per the National Diet Library of Japan
4. topic's main category (wd:P910 as p/wdt, matched via category), also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category, etc.: main category of this topic / main Wikimedia category
5. subclass of (wd:P279 as p/wdt, matched via form of), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.: this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances ... of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain
6. Microsoft Academic ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via MAG), also known as Academic ID, academic.microsoft, MAG, MAG ID, Microsoft Academic Author ID, etc.: identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021) / identifier for an object in the Microsoft Academic Graph
7. KBpedia ID (wd:P8408 as p/wdtn/wdt, matched via kbpedia), also known as kbpedia, Kbpedia, KBpedia, KBpedia knowledge graph, KBpedia ontology, etc.: identifier for the KBpedia knowledge graph, which provides ... and extraction of training sets for machine learning
8. Commons category (wd:P373 as p/wdt, matched via category Commons), also known as category Commons, category on Commons, category on Wikimedia Commons, category Wikipedia Commons, commonscat, etc.: name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category:") / name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category") / name of the Wikimedia Commons category containing files related to this item (without the prefix "Category")
9. Freebase ID (wd:P646 as p/wdt, matched via Freebase), also known as FID, Freebase, Freebase identifier, MID, P646: identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph identifier (P2671) / identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: ... starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. J9U ID (wd:P8189 as p/wdt, matched via J9U), also known as Israel National Library, J9U, National Library of Israel J9U ID, P8189: identifier used by the National Library of Israel / identifier used by the National Library of Israel

No other items found

[Assistant] Step: Run a SPARQL query to get the "named after" (P138) value for the Riemannian geometry item (wd:Q761383). I'll select the item IRI and its English label as optional.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| namesake                     | namesakeLabel         |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Bernhard Riemann (wd:Q42299) | Bernhard Riemann (en) |

[Assistant] I have the result: Riemannian geometry (wd:Q761383) is named after Bernhard Riemann (wd:Q42299). I'll now prepare the final SPARQL query as the answer and provide the textual answer. According to the rules, I must execute the final SPARQL query before giving the answer — I already did and it returned the expected result. I'll now call the answer function with the final query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopping


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?film ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?film wdt:P57 wd:Q42574 .
  ?film wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q11424 .
  ?film wdt:P577 ?date .
  FILTER ( ?date < "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
}

Using entities:
film (wd:Q11424), also known as cinema, cinematic work, films, flick, motion picture, etc.
James Cameron (wd:Q42574), also known as James F Cameron, James F. Cameron, James Francis Cameron, J. Cameron, J F Cameron, etc.

Using properties:
subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.
instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.
publication date (wd:P577 as wdt), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.
director (wd:P57 as wdt), also known as directed by, film director, game director, movie director, P57

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 13 (xsd:int) |

Answer: There are 13 movies directed by James Cameron released before 2010 (query counts distinct films with James Cameron as director and release date before 2010-01-01).

How many movies has James Cameron directed prior to the year 2010?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://localhost:7001 without notes

You are provided with the following notes across all knowledge graphs:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow these rules:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many movies has James Cameron directed prior to the year 2010?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll locate the Wikidata entity for "James Cameron" to know his Q-id before building the query. I'll search the knowledge graph for that name.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James Cameron (wd:Q42574), also known as James F Cameron, James F. Cameron, James Francis Cameron, J. Cameron, J F Cameron, etc.: has occupation television producer / Canadian filmmaker (born 1954) / has occupation philanthropist / has occupation film producer / has occupation Film producer / has occupation film director / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation film editor / has occupation director / has occupation overseer / has occupation engineer / has occupation explorer / has occupation inventor / Canadian film director / Canadian film director / has occupation actor / is instance of human
2. James Cameron (wd:Q3160968): 19th century Scottish artisan missionary (1800–1875) / has occupation artisan / is instance of human
3. James Cameron (wd:Q6130912): has occupation cricketer / South African cricketer / is instance of human
4. James Cameron (wd:Q10305062), also known as James Herbert Cameron, Jr.: American civil rights activist (1914-2006) / has occupation civil rights advocate / has occupation writer / is instance of human
5. James Cameron (wd:Q6130916): has occupation association football manager / has occupation association football player / Scottish footballer (1868-1934) / has occupation soccer player / has occupation soccer coach / is instance of human
6. James Cameron (wd:Q6130915), also known as Mark James Walter Cameron: has occupation television presenter / British journalist (1911–1985) / has occupation autobiographer / has occupation journalist / is instance of human / British journalist / British journalist
7. Cameron James (wd:Q24060497), also known as Cameron Lewis James: has occupation association football player / association football player (born 1998) / has occupation soccer player / is instance of human
8. James Cameron (wd:Q6130910), also known as James Gair Cameron: has occupation cricketer / is instance of human / Zimbabwean cricketer
9. James R. Cameron (wd:Q6141583, matched via James Cameron), also known as James Cameron, James Reese Cameron: American historian (born 1929) / has occupation historian / is instance of human
10. James Cameron (wd:Q119824536): has occupation association football player / has occupation soccer player / Canadian soccer player / is instance of human

[Assistant] I'll run a SPARQL COUNT query to find all items that are instances of (or subclasses of) film, have James Cameron as director (P57), and have a release date (P577) earlier than 2010-01-01. I'll ask for the distinct count of such films. I'll execute that now.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 13 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] I'll now finalize by returning the SPARQL query I executed and the result. The query counts distinct items that have James Cameron (wd:Q42574) as director (P57), are instances (or subclasses) of film (Q11424), and have a release date (P577) earlier than 2010-01-01. The query I ran returned 13. I'll provide the query and the answer below.

[Tool] Stopping