PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?song ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?song wdt:P86 wd:Q238819 .
  ?song wdt:P31 wd:Q7366 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?song wdt:P1433 ?album .
    ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 .
  }
}

There is 1 song composed by Jay Chou that was not released in his own albums.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many songs were composed by Jay Chou but not released in his own albums?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How high is the Yokohama Marine Tower?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?num WHERE {
  wd:Q1207989 wdt:P2048 ?num .
}

Using entities:
Yokohama Marine Tower (wd:Q1207989): lighthouse in Japan

Using properties:
height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as wdt): vertical length of an entity, length

Example 2:
Question:
What was the last movie with Alec Guinness?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?s1 WHERE {
  ?s1 wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  ?s1 wdt:P161 wd:Q103894 .
  ?s1 wdt:P577 ?o1 .
}
order by DESC ( ?o1 )
limit 1

Using entities:
Alec Guinness, also known as Alec Guinness de Cuffe, Sir Alec Guinness (wd:Q103894): British actor (1914–2000), television actor, character actor, autobiographer, screenwriter, stage actor, film actor, actor
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time

Example 3:
Question:
Give me all federal chancellors of Germany.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P39 wd:Q4970706 .
}

Using entities:
Federal Chancellor of Germany, also known as German Federal Chancellor, prime minister of Germany, German Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Chancellor (wd:Q4970706): head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)

Using properties:
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

[Assistant]
To answer the question "How many songs were composed by Jay Chou but not released in his own albums?", we need to:

1. Identify the entity for Jay Chou.
2. Identify the property for "composer" or "composed by".
3. Identify the entity type for "songs".
4. Identify the property for "album" or "released in album".
5. Identify the albums that belong to Jay Chou.
6. Count the songs composed by Jay Chou that are not in his own albums.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Jay Chou".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou, also known as President Chou, Zhou Jielun, Chou Chieh-lun (wd:Q238819): Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor, recording artist, record producer, film director, songwriter, composer, director, rapper, singer, actor
2. Jayanta Choudhury (wd:Q102339960): Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2008
3. Jaya Choudhary (wd:Q88317282): researcher
4. Jayadratha Choudhury (wd:Q107562664): Indian Odia-language writer, writer
5. Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331): 2016 studio album by Jay Chou
6. Jayanta Narayan Choudhury, also known as Jayanto Narayan Choudhury (wd:Q110437452): Indian police officer
7. Choudhury Jayprakash Das, also known as Choudhury Jayaprakash Das, Caudhurī Jaẏaprakāśa Dāsa (wd:Q60511536): Indian actor and academic, film actor, teacher, actor
8. Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149): live album
9. J, also known as ᴊ, Juliett, Juliet, j, jay (wd:Q9773): 10th-17th letter of Latin alphabets
10. Eurasian Jay, also known as Garrulus glandarius, Jay, European Jay (wd:Q25354): species of bird

[Assistant] The entity for Jay Chou is wd:Q238819. Next, we need to find the property for "composer" or "composed by" and the property for "album" or "released in album". Let's search for properties related to composition for Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as wdt/p): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name
5. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
6. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
7. Genius artist ID, also known as Genius ID (wd:P2373 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist or label on Genius
8. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
9. Bibliothèque nationale de France ID, also known as RAMEAU identifier, RAMEAU ID, National Library of France ID, BnF ID, Bibliothèque nationale de France identifier (wd:P268 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for the subject issued by BNF (Bibliothèque nationale...wed by a check-digit or letter, do not include the initial 'cb'.
10. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "composer" for Jay Chou did not return a direct property for composition. Let's try searching for properties related to "composer" in general.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): author of song lyrics, author
4. composers.am person ID (wd:P9628 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier for a person in the  site of Composers Union of Armenia
5. music created for, also known as music for, music for work, music made for, music made for work, music written for (wd:P9899 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created), created for
6. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
7. Musicsperlacobla composer ID (wd:P11203 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): composer identifier used by musicsperlacobla archive
8. orchestrator, also known as arranged for orchestra by, orchestral arrangement by, orchestral arranger, orchestration by, orchestrations by (wd:P10806 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): person or body responsible for arranging a musical composition for orchestra, adapted by
9. Musicalics composer ID (wd:P6925 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier for a composer in the Musicalics database
10. CompositionToday composer ID, also known as Composition Today composer ID (wd:P8688 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): composer ID on the website CompositionToday

[Assistant] The property for "composer" is wdt:P86. Next, we need to find the property for "album" or "released in album". Let's search for properties related to "album".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
2. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): structure of a creative work
3. featured track(s), also known as songs, soundtrack, OST, music tracks, music track (wd:P10664 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): soundtrack of this audiovisual work
4. tracklist, also known as tracks, track listing, track list, songs, list of tracks (wd:P658 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): audio tracks contained in this release, has part(s)
5. record of, also known as is a record of, is record of, records (wd:P11851 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): state or event an object is a physical representation of
6. number of records, also known as entries, rows, records, quantitiy of records, number of rows (wd:P4876 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): number of values of an identifier or records in a catalog
7. soundtrack release, also known as soundtrack single, soundtrack extended play, soundtrack album, has soundtrack album, OST (wd:P406 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): music release that incorporates music directly recorded from the soundtrack of an audiovisual work
8. music created for, also known as music for, music for work, music made for, music made for work, music written for (wd:P9899 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created), created for
9. personal best, also known as PR, record, personal record, PB (wd:P2415 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): an individual's best performance in a given discipline
10. MusicBrainz release group ID, also known as album MBID, single MBID, single ID (MusicBrainz), release group MBID, release group ID (MusicBrainz) (wd:P436 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier for a release group per the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia (album, single, etc.)

[Assistant] The property "published in" (wdt:P1433) can be used to indicate the album in which a song was released. Now, let's find the albums that belong to Jay Chou. We can search for albums where Jay Chou is the performer or artist. Let's search for properties related to "album artist" or "performer" for Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as wdt/p): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "album" for Jay Chou did not return a direct property for albums he released. Let's try to find albums where Jay Chou is the performer or artist by searching for albums with Jay Chou as the artist.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)
2. album, also known as scrapbook (wd:Q1173065): book with pages used for assembling and presenting a collection,...blished sets of pages that are bound or loose-leaf and annotated
3. album (wd:Q2288488): board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts and other public notices were inscribed in black in ancient Rome
4. Album (wd:Q531318): 1994 album by Quorthon
5. Album (wd:Q23925073): 2016 film by Mehmet Can Mertoğlu
6. Album (wd:Q1411632): 1983 album by Joan Jett
7. Album, also known as Cassette, Compact Disc (wd:Q1942675): 1986 album by Public Image Ltd
8. Álbum (wd:Q6172625): 2006 studio album by Lu
9. Album, also known as 82876 650 512 (wd:Q146378): 2004 studio album by Brodka a.k.a. Monika Brodka
10. Album (wd:Q4712765): 2002 Tamil film directed by Vasanthabalan

[Assistant] The entity for "album" is wd:Q482994. Now, let's find albums where Jay Chou is the artist or performer. We can do this by querying for albums (wd:Q482994) with Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) as the performer or artist. Let's find the property for "performer" or "artist" in albums.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
5. number of representations, also known as shows, performances, number of shows, number of concerts, no. of shows (wd:P5027 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): number of shows (including the premiere) of a concert tour or a performing arts production
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
9. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
10. talk show guest, also known as show guest, podcast guest, participant in talk show, participant in podcast interview, interviewed person (wd:P5030 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): person invited in a talk show, recorded participant

[Assistant] The property for "performer" or "artist" is wdt:P175. Now, let's write a query to find albums (wd:Q482994) where Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) is the performer (wdt:P175).

[Tool]
Got 26 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------- |
| Initial J (wd:Q1097148)                             |
| Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149) |
| Greatest Works of Art (wd:Q112935732)               |
| Partners (wd:Q1230396)                              |
| The One Live CD (wd:Q1319607)                       |
| ...                                                 |
| Secret (wd:Q7443940)                                |
| The One Concert Live (wd:Q7755027)                  |
| Exclamation Mark (wd:Q873560)                       |
| Opus 12 (wd:Q893010)                                |
| THE INVINCIBLE (wd:Q97350176)                       |

[Assistant] We found 26 albums where Jay Chou is the performer. Now, we need to find songs composed by Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) and check if they are released in any of these albums. We want to count the songs composed by him that are not released in his own albums. We will use the property "composer" (wdt:P86) for songs and "published in" (wdt:P1433) for the album. Let's write a query to count songs composed by Jay Chou but not published in any of these albums.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?work ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P50 wd:Q30875 .
  ?work wdt:P31 wd:Q7725634 .
  FILTER ( ?work != wd:Q82464 )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 37 (xsd:int) |

Oscar Wilde wrote 37 literary works besides The Picture of Dorian Gray.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many literary works besides The Picture of Dorian Gray did its author write?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
In which military conflicts did Lawrence of Arabia participate?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q170596 wdt:P607 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
T. E. Lawrence, also known as Thomas Edward Lawrence, T.E. Lawrence, Thomas Edward Shaw, John Hume Ross, Lawrence of Arabia (wd:Q170596): British archaeologist, army officer and diplomat (1888–1935), military personnel, military officer, castellologist, autobiographer, aircraft pilot, world traveler, anthropologist, archaeologist, screenwriter, translator, diplomat, writer, spy

Using properties:
conflict, also known as war, theatre (military), theater (military), participated in conflict, military conflict (wd:P607 as wdt): battles, wars or other military engagements in which the person or item participated, participant in

Example 2:
Question:
Where did Abraham Lincoln die?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q91 wdt:P20 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Abraham Lincoln, also known as President Lincoln, Uncle Abe, Honest Abe, Abe Lincoln (wd:Q91): president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, military officer, statesperson, postmaster, politician, farmer, writer, lawyer

Using properties:
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 3:
Question:
What is the largest country in the world?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT * WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  ?uri wdt:P2046 ?area .
  ?uri rdfs:label ?label
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?area )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity

Using properties:
area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt): area occupied by an object
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
The question asks for the number of literary works written by the author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" besides that specific work.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "The Picture of Dorian Gray."
Step 2: Identify the author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray."
Step 3: Find all literary works written by that author.
Step 4: Count the number of those works excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray."

I will start by searching for the entity "The Picture of Dorian Gray" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as El retrato de Dorian Gray, Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q82464): 1890–1891 novel by Oscar Wilde
2. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1167299): 1945 film by Albert Lewin
3. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757057): 1916 film directed by Fred W. Durrant
4. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q16979666): 1913 film by Phillips Smalley
5. The Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1397330): telenovela
6. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757058): 1917 film by Richard Oswald
7. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Dorian Grays Portræt, Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q15177406): 1910 film by Axel Strøm
8. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1167302): 1976 television film
9. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q17044933): 1915 film directed by Eugene Moore
10. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757059): 1918 Hungarian silent film by Alfréd Deésy

[Assistant] The entity for the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is wd:Q82464. Now I will find the author of this literary work.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                  |
| ----------------------- |
| Oscar Wilde (wd:Q30875) |

[Assistant] The author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is Oscar Wilde (wd:Q30875). Next, I will find all literary works written by Oscar Wilde.

[Tool]
Got 38 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q106353986                                              |
| The Fisherman and His Soul (wd:Q108273652)                 |
| The Star-Child (wd:Q1170469)                               |
| The Birthday of the Infanta (wd:Q1193744)                  |
| The Soul of Man under Socialism (wd:Q1196990)              |
| ...                                                        |
| The Happy Prince and Other Tales (wd:Q797466)              |
| The Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q82464)                     |
| Only Dull People are Brilliant at Breakfast (wd:Q85130218) |
| wd:Q93575744                                               |
| wd:Q96940148                                               |

[Assistant] Oscar Wilde wrote 38 literary works including "The Picture of Dorian Gray." Now I will count how many literary works he wrote excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray."

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 37 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  wd:Q42053 wdt:P31 wd:Q1549591 .
}

Yes, Isfahan is classified as a big city according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] is Isfahan a big city?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Give me the grandchildren of Elvis Presley.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o2 WHERE {
  wd:Q303 wdt:P40 ?o1 .
  ?o1 wdt:P40 ?o2
}

Using entities:
Elvis Presley, also known as The King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis A. Presley, King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis, Elvis Aaron Presley (wd:Q303): American singer and actor (1935–1977), military personnel, military officer, philanthropist, film actor, composer, activist, singer, actor

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

Example 2:
Question:
What is the smallest city by area in Germany?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?res WHERE {
  ?res wdt:P17 wd:Q183 .
  ?res wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q515 .
  ?res wdt:P1082 ?inhabitants .
}
ORDER BY ?inhabitants
LIMIt 1

Using entities:
Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
What are the names of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P361 wd:Q1381762 .
}

Using entities:
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, also known as Ninja Turtles, Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, TMNT (wd:Q1381762): fictional team of four teenage anthropomorphic turtles

Using properties:
part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))

[Assistant] The question "Is Isfahan a big city?" involves determining if Isfahan is a city and then assessing its size, which can be done by looking at its population or area. First, I will identify the entity for Isfahan. Then, I will check if it is classified as a city and find its population or area to determine if it is big. Let's start by searching for the entity "Isfahan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Isfahan, also known as Spahān, Spahan, Sepahan, Ispahān, Ispahân (wd:Q42053): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
2. Isfahan (wd:Q21998562): 1967 jazz song by Duke Ellington
3. Isfahan (wd:Q103936201): encyclopedia article
4. Isfahan Province, also known as Esfahan Province (wd:Q1367759): province of Iran
5. Isfahan County (wd:Q1282082): county in Isfahan Province, Iran
6. Isfahan International Airport, also known as IFN, IFN Airport, Isfahan Airport, OIFM, Shahid Beheshti Airport (wd:Q1151889): International Airport in Isfahan, Iran
7. Baharestan, also known as Baharestan, Isfahan (wd:Q430773): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
8. Isfahan Metro (wd:Q5963929): rapid transit system in Isfahan, Iran
9. Dowlatabad, also known as Shapurabad, Dowlatabad, Isfahan, Dowlatabad, Borkhar, Dowlatābād, Daulatābād (wd:Q2616779): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
10. Isfahan Grand Bazaar, also known as Isfahan Bazaar, Grand Bazaar of Isfahan, Grand Bazaar, Isfahan, Bazaar of Isfahan (wd:Q2754230): bazaar in Isfahan, Iran

[Assistant] The entity "Isfahan" as a city in Isfahan Province, Iran is identified as wd:Q42053. Next, I will check if Isfahan is classified as a city and then look for its population or area to determine if it is a big city. I will start by checking the instance of (P31) property for Isfahan.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject             | property              | object                      |
| ------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Isfahan (wd:Q42053) | instance of (wdt:P31) | metropolis (wd:Q200250)     |
| Isfahan (wd:Q42053) | instance of (wdt:P31) | global city (wd:Q208511)    |
| Isfahan (wd:Q42053) | instance of (wdt:P31) | big city (wd:Q1549591)      |
| Isfahan (wd:Q42053) | instance of (wdt:P31) | largest city (wd:Q51929311) |
| Isfahan (wd:Q42053) | instance of (wdt:P31) | city of Iran (wd:Q56557504) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?notableWork ?notableWorkLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q312101 wdt:P800 ?notableWork .
  FILTER ( ?notableWork != wd:Q11835640 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?notableWork rdfs:label ?notableWorkLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?notableWorkLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| notableWork                            | notableWorkLabel              |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)         | Time of Contempt (en)         |
| The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)            | The Last Wish (en)            |
| The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260) | The Tower of the Swallow (en) |
| Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)         | Lady of the Lake (en)         |
| Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)          | Baptism of Fire (en)          |

The notable works of Andrzej Sapkowski apart from the book series The Witcher are: Time of Contempt, The Last Wish, The Tower of the Swallow, Lady of the Lake, and Baptism of Fire.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Apart from the book series the witcher, name all of the author’s notable work.

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Give me all libraries established before 1400.

SPARQL:
SELECT * WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q7075 .
  ?uri wdt:P571 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) < 1400 )
}

Using entities:
library, also known as libraries, library organization (wd:Q7075): institution charged with the care of a collection of literary, m...ence materials, such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

Example 2:
Question:
What is the timezone in San Pedro de Atacama?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q187893 wdt:P421 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
San Pedro de Atacama (wd:Q187893): town in Chile

Using properties:
located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as wdt): time zone for this item

Example 3:
Question:
How large is the area of UK?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?area WHERE {
  wd:Q145 wdt:P2046 ?area .
}

Using entities:
United Kingdom, also known as U.K., UK, U. K., U K, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe

Using properties:
area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt): area occupied by an object

[Assistant]
The question is about the author of the book series "The Witcher" and their notable works apart from "The Witcher" series.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "The Witcher" book series.
Step 2: Identify the author of "The Witcher" book series.
Step 3: Find notable works of the author excluding "The Witcher" series.

I will start by searching for the entity "The Witcher" book series in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Aisling Series, also known as Aisling Book Series, 'Aisling' Series, OMGWACA, The 'Aisling' book series, Aisling (wd:Q124535128): series of novels by Emer McLysaght and Sarah Breen
2. The Open Book Series (wd:Q96737433): US scientific journal
3. Urban Book Series, also known as The urban book series (wd:Q96334730)
4. The Selection, also known as The Selection series, book 1 (wd:Q3662846): speculative fiction novel for young adults, 2012, first in the Selection series
5. The Elite, also known as the Selection series, book 2 (wd:Q16272349): speculative fiction novel for young adults, 2013
6. My Side of the Mountain, also known as the Mountain series, book 1 (wd:Q3801260): American children's novel, 1959
7. The Witcher (polish comic book) (wd:Q9372680): 1993–1995 Polish comic books series
8. The Heir, also known as the Selection series, book 4 (wd:Q20856923): speculative fiction novel for young adults, 2015
9. Best essay (book series), also known as The Best Essay (book series) (wd:Q120629279): Book series in Japanese. Nihon Bungeika Kyokai
10. Malazan Book of the Fallen, also known as The Malazan Book of the Fallen series (wd:Q458982): novel series by Steven Erikson

[Assistant]
The search did not directly return the book series "The Witcher" but returned a Polish comic book series "The Witcher" (wd:Q9372680). The actual book series "The Witcher" might not be explicitly labeled as a book series in Wikidata or might be under a different label.

Next, I will try searching for the author of "The Witcher" to identify the author entity. The author of "The Witcher" series is Andrzej Sapkowski. I will search for "Andrzej Sapkowski" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101): Polish novelist, translator, writer
2. Andrzej, also known as Andřej, Andrzej (first name), Andrzej (given name) (wd:Q14941830): male given name
3. Andrzej, also known as Andrzej (Borkowski), Andrzej Borkowski (wd:Q24717986): Eastern Orthodox theologian and bishop, theologian, bishop
4. Andrzej Andrzejewski, also known as Andrzej Piotr Andrzejewski (wd:Q361187): Brigadier General/Polish Air Force (1961–2008), military officer
5. Andrzej Andrzejewski (wd:Q11685807): Polish actor, film actor, actor
6. Andrzej Andrzejczak (wd:Q9151455): Polish politician and deputy, politician
7. Adam Andrzejowski, also known as Andrzej Andrzejowski (wd:Q87355265): born 1880; died 1920, violinist, pedagogue, composer
8. Andrzej (wd:Q11685803)
9. Andrzej (wd:Q21445873): genus of insects
10. Andrzej (wd:Q22695582): iconographer

[Assistant]
The author Andrzej Sapkowski is identified as wd:Q312101 in Wikidata.

Next, I will search for notable works of Andrzej Sapkowski. I will look for properties related to notable works or works authored by him.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as wdt/p): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
6. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
7. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as wdt/p): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
8. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
9. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as wdt/p): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
10. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "notable work" (wdt:P800) is the relevant property to find notable works of Andrzej Sapkowski.

Next, I will query for the notable works of Andrzej Sapkowski using this property.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| notableWork                            | notableWorkLabel              |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| The Witcher (wd:Q11835640)             | The Witcher (en)              |
| Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)         | Time of Contempt (en)         |
| The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)            | The Last Wish (en)            |
| The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260) | The Tower of the Swallow (en) |
| Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)         | Lady of the Lake (en)         |
| Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)          | Baptism of Fire (en)          |

[Assistant]
The notable works of Andrzej Sapkowski include "The Witcher" and other works such as "Time of Contempt," "The Last Wish," "The Tower of the Swallow," "Lady of the Lake," and "Baptism of Fire."

The user asked for notable works apart from the book series "The Witcher." I will refine the query to exclude "The Witcher" from the results.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| notableWork                            | notableWorkLabel              |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)         | Time of Contempt (en)         |
| The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)            | The Last Wish (en)            |
| The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260) | The Tower of the Swallow (en) |
| Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)         | Lady of the Lake (en)         |
| Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)          | Baptism of Fire (en)          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 .
  ?person wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 .
}

There are 105 African-American people who have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What was the name of the famous battle in 1836 in San Antonio?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P276 wd:Q975 .
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q178561 .
  ?uri wdt:P585 ?time .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?time ) = 1836 )
}

Using entities:
battle, also known as ⚔, combat (wd:Q178561): part of a war which is well defined in duration, area and force commitment
San Antonio, also known as City of San Antonio, Alamo City, San Antonio, USA, San Antonio, TX, River City (wd:Q975): city in Bexar, Comal, and Medina counties in Texas, United States, that is the county seat of Bexar County

Using properties:
location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)

Example 2:
Question:
In which U.S. state is Area 51 located?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q177397 wdt:P131 ?obj .
  ?obj wdt:P131 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Area 51, also known as Paradise Ranch, Groom Lake, Area 51 (hawkin I., Nevada Area 51, KXTA (wd:Q177397): classified U.S. Military Base situated in Groom Lake, Nevada

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of

Example 3:
Question:
Give me all professional skateboarders from Sweden.

SPARQL:
SELECT ?s1 WHERE {
  ?s1 wdt:P641 wd:Q842284 .
  ?s1 wdt:P19 ?o1 .
  ?o1 wdt:P131 * wd:Q34 .
}

Using entities:
Sweden, also known as Swedish Kingdom, Konungariket Sverige, SWE, se, Kingdom of Sweden (wd:Q34): country in Northern Europe
skateboarding, also known as skateboard sport (wd:Q842284): action sport on skateboards

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with

[Assistant]
The examples found do not directly relate to the question about African-American people with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. I will now proceed to identify the relevant entities and properties for the question.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "Hollywood Walk of Fame."
Step 2: Identify the property or qualifier that indicates having a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Step 3: Identify the entity or qualifier for "African-American people."

I will start by searching for the entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719): more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded i...ulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California
2. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star (wd:Q17985761): award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States
3. Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame (wd:Q3139400)
4. Walk of Fame (wd:Q48673901): 2017 film by Jesse Thomas
5. Walk of Fame (wd:Q51084447): street in Saint Petersburg, Russia
6. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): Wikinews article
7. Walk of Fame (wd:Q7962075): memorial for famous dogs in Battersea Park, London, England, UK
8. walk of fame (wd:Q47502370): sidewalk or similar construction that commemorates outstanding individuals in a particular group
9. Walk of Fame (wd:Q114476628): episode of Cupcake Wars (S2 E11)
10. Walk of Fame, also known as Wigan's Walk of Fame, Believe Square (wd:Q121879112): public walkway in Wigan, England

[Assistant]
I found the entity for "Hollywood Walk of Fame" as wd:Q71719 and the entity for "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" as wd:Q17985761. The second entity seems more specific to the stars themselves, which is relevant to the question.

Next, I will search for the property that indicates a person has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. spectral class, also known as is an object of class, is a star of class (wd:P215 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): spectral class of an astronomical object
2. parent astronomical body, also known as star, primary, parent body, orbits, planetary system (wd:P397 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): major astronomical body the item belongs to
3. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
4. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): person linked to the item in any possible way
5. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
6. hotel rating, also known as hotel stars, star rating of a hotel (wd:P10290 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): star rating of the hotel
7. Movie Walker Press person ID, also known as Movie Walker person ID (wd:P7745 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier of person on the Movie Walker Press database
8. Douban movie celebrity ID, also known as https://movie.douban.com/celebrity, https://movie.douban.com, https://m.douban.com, Douban person ID, douban.com person ID (wd:P5284 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): identifier for a celebrity at the Douban movie website
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as pr/wdtn/pq/pqn/pqv/p/prn/psn/wdt/psv/prv/ps): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions

[Assistant] The search for a property related to "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" did not return a direct property indicating a person has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. I will try searching for properties of the entity "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) to find a relevant property that links a person to this award.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. category for recipients of this award, also known as recipient category, recipcat (wd:P2517 as wdt/p): link to Wikimedia category for recipients of this award, topic's main category
2. depicts, also known as portrays, presents, preserves, quotes, represents (wd:P180 as wdt/p): entity visually depicted in an image, literarily described in a ...o an audiovisual or other medium; see also P921,  'main subject', has part(s)
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
6. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
7. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
8. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
9. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as wdt/p): Wikimedia list related to this subject

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is a property "category for recipients of this award" (wdt:P2517) which links to Wikimedia category for recipients of this award. This might not directly give the people who got the star but could be useful.

I will now search for the entity "African-American" to identify how to filter for African-American people.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. African Americans, also known as Black or African American, African-American, Black Americans and Afro-Americans, Black Americans, African American people (wd:Q49085): Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry
2. African-American (wd:L480654-F1)
3. African-American (wd:L480654)
4. spirituals, also known as African-American spirituals, Negro spirituals, spiritual, spiritual music (wd:Q212024): music genre created by generations of African-Americans
5. African-American music, also known as African American music, Afro-American music, Black American music, Black music (wd:Q388207): musical traditions of African American people
6. African American literature, also known as African-American literature, Afro-American literature, Black literature, Negro literature (wd:Q388170): body of literature by Americans of African descent
7. African American history, also known as African-American history, Afro-American history, Black American history, history of African Americans, history of African-Americans (wd:Q162881): black American history
8. African American studies, also known as African American and Diaspora Studies, African-American/Black studies, African-Americanology, African-American studies, Black studies (wd:Q383968): academic field focusing on peoples of the African diaspora and Africa
9. African-American culture, also known as African American culture, culture of African-Americans, Black American culture (wd:Q3007177): pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with African Americans
10. African-American Muslims (wd:Q28219783): African American religious minority

[Assistant]
The entity for African Americans is wd:Q49085.

Now I will try to find people who have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and are African American. I will check if the property "award received" (wdt:P166) can be used to find people who received a "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761).

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| person                        |
| ----------------------------- |
| Buddy Ebsen (wd:Q1001214)     |
| Kurt Kreuger (wd:Q100122)     |
| Larry Hagman (wd:Q100440)     |
| Fred Astaire (wd:Q100937)     |
| George O'Brien (wd:Q1009495)  |
| Winona Ryder (wd:Q101797)     |
| Sigourney Weaver (wd:Q102124) |
| Farrah Fawcett (wd:Q102341)   |
| James Stewart (wd:Q102462)    |
| Ernest Borgnine (wd:Q102551)  |

[Assistant]
The property "award received" (wdt:P166) with the value "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) can be used to find people who have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Next, I will filter these people to find those who are African American (wd:Q49085). I will check if the property "ethnic group" (wdt:P172) can be used to filter for African Americans.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| person                                  |
| --------------------------------------- |
| Halle Berry (wd:Q1033016)               |
| Sidney Poitier (wd:Q104049)             |
| Billie Holiday (wd:Q104358)             |
| Herbie Hancock (wd:Q105875)             |
| Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis (wd:Q1063111) |
| Charley Pride (wd:Q1066772)             |
| Count Basie (wd:Q107008)                |
| Thelonious Monk (wd:Q109612)            |
| Queen Latifah (wd:Q1112005)             |
| Lena Horne (wd:Q112307)                 |

[Assistant]
I found that the property "ethnic group" (wdt:P172) can be used to filter people who are African American (wd:Q49085) and have received the award "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761).

Now I will count how many such people exist.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 105 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?creator ?creatorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?creator .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?creator rdfs:label ?creatorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?creatorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| creator                | creatorLabel     |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

The Turing machine was created by Alan Turing.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who created the Turing machine?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who wrote Harry Potter?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q8337 wdt:P50 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Harry Potter, also known as Harry Potter series (wd:Q8337): 1997–2007 fantasy book series by J. K. Rowling

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 2:
Question:
What movies does Jesse Eisenberg play in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P161 wd:Q219512 .
}

Using entities:
Jesse Eisenberg, also known as Jesse Adam Eisenberg (wd:Q219512): television actor, American actor, film director, screenwriter, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, actor

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer

Example 3:
Question:
Who has Tom Cruise been married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q37079 wdt:P26 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
Tom Cruise, also known as Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (wd:Q37079): American actor and producer (born 1962), stunt performer, aircraft pilot, film producer, film director, screenwriter, film actor, producer, director, writer, actor

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The examples show that to find the creator of something, the property "author" (wdt:P50) is often used. However, since the Turing machine is a theoretical concept and not a written work, the property for creator might be different, such as "inventor" or "creator."

Next, I will search for the entity "Turing machine" in Wikidata to find its identifier. Then, I will look for properties related to its creator or inventor.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Turing machine, also known as deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q163310): abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation th...pulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
2. Turing Machine (wd:Q7854958): band
3. Turing Machine (wd:Q118469770): Greek theatrical performance at the New Theatre of Katerina Vassilakou, Athens, 2022/3
4. Turing Machine (wd:Q116450980): 2022 board game
5. non-deterministic Turing machine, also known as nondeterministic Turing machine, NTM (wd:Q1190223): may have a set of rules that prescribes more than one action for...t actions may apply for the same combination of state and symbol
6. universal Turing machine, also known as UCM, Universal Computing Machine, UTM (wd:Q2703890): turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on ...e to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
7. probabilistic Turing machine (wd:Q1191836): non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the avail...sitions at each point according to some probability distribution
8. quantum Turing machine (wd:Q765620): model of quantum computation
9. Alternating Turing machine, also known as Alternating Turing Machine, ATM (wd:Q438833): abstract computation model
10. neural Turing machine (wd:Q25325414): neural network with external memory

[Assistant] The entity "Turing machine" corresponds to wd:Q163310. Now, I will search for properties related to the creator or inventor of the Turing machine. I will start by searching for properties related to "creator" or "inventor" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as wdt/p): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as wdt/p): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
4. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. introduced in, also known as added in, introduced by, first published in, first appeared in (wd:P10695 as wdt/p): work that introduced this concept
7. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "discoverer or inventor" (wdt:P61) seems to be the most appropriate to find who created or invented the Turing machine. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the inventor of the Turing machine (wd:Q163310) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| creator                | creatorLabel     |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inceptionDate WHERE {
  wd:Q523286 wdt:P571 ?inceptionDate .
}

Hambach Castle was built in the year 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who wrote The Hunger Games?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q11679 wdt:P50 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
The Hunger Games, also known as Hunger Games Saga, The Hunger Games Saga (wd:Q11679): three books by Suzanne Collins (2008–2010)

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 2:
Question:
Who was Vincent van Gogh inspired by?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q5582 wdt:P737 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Vincent van Gogh (wd:Q5582): Dutch painter (1853–1890), draftsperson, printmaker, painter

Using properties:
influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”

Example 3:
Question:
Who is the daughter of Bill Clinton married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT * {
  wd:Q1124 wdt:P40 ?child .
  ?child wdt:P26 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Bill Clinton, also known as William Jefferson Blythe, William Jefferson Blythe III, William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton, William Jefferson Clinton, WJC (wd:Q1124): President of the United States from 1993 to 2001, autobiographer, statesperson, saxophonist, politician, governor, diplomat, teacher, jurist, lawyer, writer

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The question is "When was the Hambach Castle built?" We want to find the construction or inception date of Hambach Castle.

Step 1: Identify the entity "Hambach Castle" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property related to the construction or inception date of a building or castle.
Step 3: Query the date when Hambach Castle was built.

I will start by searching for the entity "Hambach Castle" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility
3. rook, also known as marquess, tower, Rook (chess), rector, R (wd:Q137): piece from the board game chess
4. castling, also known as castle (wd:Q102877): chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king
5. Castle (wd:Q386880): American police procedural comedy-drama television series (2009-2016)
6. Hambach (wd:Q22391): commune in Moselle, France
7. château, also known as castle, chateau, landschloss (wd:Q751876): type of manor house mostly built by noble families for representative purposes
8. Hambach, also known as Hambach (Diez) (wd:Q566907): municipality of Germany
9. Castle, also known as Castle, OK (wd:Q3287085): town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States
10. Peveril Castle, also known as Peak Castle, Peveril Castle eleventh to fourteenth century tower keep castle, Castleton Castle (wd:Q255574): castle in Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK

[Assistant]
The entity "Hambach Castle" corresponds to wd:Q523286 in Wikidata.

Next, I will search for properties related to the construction or building date of this entity. I will search for properties related to "built" or "construction" for the entity Hambach Castle.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. architectural style, also known as architecture, style of architecture (wd:P149 as wdt/p): architectural style of a structure, movement
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
5. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
6. Structurae structure ID, also known as Structurae ID for building, Structurae ID (structure), Structurae ID for structure (wd:P454 as wdt/p): identifier for a building in the Structurae database
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as wdt/p): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
10. located in/on physical feature, also known as located on the terrain feature, location (terrain feature), loc (terr), on, on geographical feature (wd:P706 as wdt/p): located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be us...nly political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552)., location, part of

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wdt:P571) is the most relevant property for the date when the entity began to exist, which can be used as the built or construction date.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the inception date of Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inceptionDate                       |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process