PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?entity ?entityLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?veniceEntities {
    wd:Q641 wd:Q4948
  }
  ?veniceEntities p:P17 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P17 ?entity .
  ?statement pq:P580 ?startTime .
  ?statement pq:P582 ?endTime .
  FILTER ( ?startTime <= "1867-12-31T23:59:59Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime && ?endTime >= "1804-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) OPTIONAL {
    ?entity rdfs:label ?entityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?entityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| entity                         | entityLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964)   | Austrian Empire (en)   |
| Habsburg monarchy (wd:Q153136) | Habsburg monarchy (en) |
| Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q223936)  | Kingdom of Italy (en)  |

Yes, Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire at some point in history. Specifically, during the 19th century (between 1804 and 1867), Venice was part of the Austrian Empire. This is supported by historical statements linking Venice or the Republic of Venice to the Austrian Empire during that time period. Venice was also part of the Habsburg monarchy and later the Kingdom of Italy, reflecting its historical changes in sovereignty.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Did Venice at any point belong to the Austrian Empire?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who was the father of Queen Elizabeth II?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q9682 wdt:P22 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Elizabeth II, also known as Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, HM Queen Elizabeth II, Lilibet, Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, Princess Elizabeth of York (wd:Q9682): Queen of the United Kingdom from 1952 to 2022, monarch

Using properties:
father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdt): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent

Example 2:
Question:
Who wrote Harry Potter?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q8337 wdt:P50 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Harry Potter, also known as Harry Potter series (wd:Q8337): 1997–2007 fantasy book series by J. K. Rowling

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
Show me all museums in London.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q33506 .
  ?uri wdt:P276 wd:Q84 .
}

Using entities:
museum, also known as museal institution, museum-style institution (wd:Q33506): institution that holds artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, historical, or other importance
London, also known as Loniniensi, Trinovantum, the Big Smoke, Lundenwic, Lundenburh (wd:Q84): capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom

Using properties:
location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] To answer the question if Venice at any point belonged to the Austrian Empire, I need to find the entity for Venice and the entity for the Austrian Empire. Then I need to check if there is any historical or political relationship indicating that Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire at some point in time. I will start by searching for the entity "Venice" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Venice, also known as Venice, Italy, Venezia, Venexia, Serenissima, Venetia (wd:Q641): capital city of Veneto, Italy
2. Republic of Venice, also known as The Serenissima, Duchy of Venetia, Venice Republic, Venice, Venezia Republic (wd:Q4948): former state in Northeastern Italy (697–1797)
3. Venice, also known as Venice, California, Venice, Los Angeles, Venice, CA (wd:Q773853): beachfront neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, USA
4. Venice, also known as Venice, Florida, Venice, FL (wd:Q57325): city in Sarasota County, Florida, United States
5. Venice, also known as IL, Venice, IL, Venice, Illinois (wd:Q579637): city in Illinois, United States
6. Venice, also known as Venice, LA, Venice, Louisiana (wd:Q962040): census designated place in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States
7. Venice, also known as Venice, Nebraska, Venice, NE (wd:Q6160341): census-designated place in Nebraska
8. Venice, also known as Venice, New York (wd:Q607094): town in Cayuga County, New York, United States
9. Venice, also known as Venice, UT, Venice, Utah (wd:Q7919964): unincorporated community in Sevier County, Utah, United States
10. Paolo Salviati, also known as P. Salviati, Venice (wd:Q58242413): Italian photographer, 1818-1894, photographer

[Assistant] There are multiple entities for Venice. The most relevant for the historical context of belonging to the Austrian Empire would be either "Venice" (wd:Q641) as the city or "Republic of Venice" (wd:Q4948) as the former state. Since the question is about belonging to the Austrian Empire, it is more appropriate to consider the historical entity "Republic of Venice" (wd:Q4948). Next, I will search for the entity "Austrian Empire" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Austrian Empire, also known as Austria, Kaiserthum Österreich (wd:Q131964): Central European multinational Empire from 1804 to 1867
2. Austrian colonies, also known as Austrian colonial empire, Habsburg Monarchy colonies, List of former Austrian colonies (wd:Q303598): colonial attempts by the Austrian and later Austrian-Hungarian Empires
3. Imperial Crown of Austria, also known as Austrian Imperial Crown, Austrian Crown, Crown of the Austrian Empire, Crown of Rudolf II (wd:Q303507): Crown of the Emperor of Austria
4. Minister-President of Austria, also known as Minister-president of Austria, Minister-President of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q15902790): head of government of the Austrian Empire
5. economy of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q3718694): economy of the region
6. Constitutions of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q56364899)
7. ambassador to the Austrian Empire (wd:Q110636887): 1804-1867
8. ambassador of the Austrian Empire, also known as ambassador of Austria, Austrian ambassador (wd:Q106085599): 1804-1867
9. foreign minister of Austrian Empire (wd:Q130805004): position (–1867)
10. 1850 stamps of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q1447304)

[Assistant] The entity for the Austrian Empire is "Austrian Empire" (wd:Q131964). Now I will check if there is any property or statement linking the Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) to the Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) indicating that Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire at some point. I will look for historical or political relationships such as "part of," "was part of," or "belongs to" between these two entities.

[Tool]
Got 865 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                       | object                                                   |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | instance of (wdt:P31)                          | historical country (wd:Q3024240)                         |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | country (wdt:P17)                              | Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948)                            |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                 | POINT(12.683000 45.583000) (geo:wktLiteral)              |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                    | Republic of Venice                                       |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | population (wdt:P1082)                         | 1500000 (xsd:decimal)                                    |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | inception (wdt:P571)                           | 0697-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                      |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358) |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | followed by (wdt:P156)                         | Ottoman Empire (wd:Q12560)                               |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | on focus list of Wikimedia project (wdt:P5008) | wd:Q6173448                                              |
| Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) | native label (wdt:P1705)                       | Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia (vec)                    |
| ...                           | ...                                            | ...                                                      |

[Assistant] The property "followed by" (wdt:P156) indicates that the Republic of Venice was followed by the Ottoman Empire (wd:Q12560), but this does not directly answer if Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire. I will search for properties related to "part of" or "belongs to" for the Republic of Venice to find any connection to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
2. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as wdt/p): entities owned by the subject
3. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. replaces, also known as supersedes, succeeds, replaced, previous job holder, preceded by (wd:P1365 as wdt/p): person, state or item replaced. Use "structure replaces" (P1398)...item was not replaced or predecessor and successor are identical, follows
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. followed by, also known as continued as, then, successor, succeeded by, sequel is (wd:P156 as wdt/p): immediately following item in a series of which the subject is a...een replaced, e.g. political offices, use "replaced by" (P1366)]
9. continent (wd:P30 as wdt/p): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
10. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdt/p): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

No other items found

[Assistant] There is no direct property indicating that the Republic of Venice was part of the Austrian Empire. I will now check if the city of Venice (wd:Q641) has any historical or political relationship with the Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) by looking for statements about Venice belonging to or being part of the Austrian Empire. I will search for properties related to "belongs to" or "part of" for Venice (wd:Q641).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
4. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as wdt/p): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
5. shares border with, also known as shares borders with, next to, bordered by, border, borders clockwise (wd:P47 as wdt/p): countries or administrative subdivisions, of equal level, that t...rders, either by land or water. A single common point is enough.
6. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt/p): area occupied by an object
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as wdt/p): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
9. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as wdt/p): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

No other items found

[Assistant] The properties "part of" (wdt:P361) and "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) are relevant for checking if Venice was part of the Austrian Empire. I will now query if Venice (wd:Q641) was at any point located in or part of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) using these properties.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] Venice (wd:Q641) is not currently or directly stated to be part of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) in the knowledge graph. However, the question asks if Venice at any point belonged to the Austrian Empire, so I need to check historical territorial changes or historical political entities that Venice was part of, which might have belonged to the Austrian Empire. I will search for historical territorial entities or political entities related to Venice that might have a connection to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject          | property                                                    | object                                    |
| ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Venice (wd:Q641) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Metropolitan City of Venice (wd:Q3678587) |

[Assistant] Venice is currently located in the administrative territorial entity "Metropolitan City of Venice" (wd:Q3678587). I will now check if this entity or any of its historical predecessors belonged to the Austrian Empire. I will look for historical territorial entities or political entities related to Venice that might have a connection to the Austrian Empire. I will search for historical entities related to Venice that might have a connection to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Austrian Empire, also known as Austria, Kaiserthum Österreich (wd:Q131964): Central European multinational Empire from 1804 to 1867
2. Republic of Venice, also known as The Serenissima, Duchy of Venetia, Venice Republic, Venice, Venezia Republic (wd:Q4948): former state in Northeastern Italy (697–1797)
3. Venetian empire (wd:Q103972037): encyclopedia article
4. Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506): lands controlled by the Republic of Venice from the 11th century until the late 18th
5. Austrian colonies, also known as Austrian colonial empire, Habsburg Monarchy colonies, List of former Austrian colonies (wd:Q303598): colonial attempts by the Austrian and later Austrian-Hungarian Empires
6. Imperial Crown of Austria, also known as Austrian Imperial Crown, Austrian Crown, Crown of the Austrian Empire, Crown of Rudolf II (wd:Q303507): Crown of the Emperor of Austria
7. administrative territorial entity of the Yuan Empire, also known as Yuan territories, Yuan provinces, provinces of the Yuan Empire, territories of the Yuan Empire, divisions of the Yuan Empire (wd:Q11387891): divisions of the Yuan Empire
8. Minister-President of Austria, also known as Minister-president of Austria, Minister-President of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q15902790): head of government of the Austrian Empire
9. economy of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q3718694): economy of the region
10. Constitutions of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q56364899)

[Assistant] There is an entity "Venetian Empire" (wd:Q98400506) which represents lands controlled by the Republic of Venice historically. I will check if this entity has any connection to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Got 44 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                        | property                                           | object                                                                |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | instance of (wdt:P31)                              | historical country (wd:Q3024240)                                      |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | country (wdt:P17)                                  | Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948)                                         |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | inception (wdt:P571)                               | 1050-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                   |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | said to be the same as (wdt:P460)                  | Stato da Màr (wd:Q1782789)                                            |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wdt:P576) | 1750-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                   |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | BBC Things ID (wdtn:P1617)                         | <http://www.bbc.co.uk/things/13743405-1589-46bb-a750-7a8b1ebb72ba#id> |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | Grove Art Online ID (wdtn:P8406)                   | <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T088564>         |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | wdt:P31279                                         | historical region (wd:Q1620908)                                       |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | schema:description                                 | historisch land (nl)                                                  |
| Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) | schema:name                                        | an Impireacht Veinéiseach (ga)                                        |
| ...                            | ...                                                | ...                                                                   |

[Assistant] The Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) is a historical country and is said to be the same as Stato da Màr (wd:Q1782789). I will now check if there is any historical connection or successor/predecessor relationship between the Venetian Empire or Stato da Màr and the Austrian Empire. I will look for properties like "followed by," "replaced by," or "part of" for these entities.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct "followed by" (wdt:P156) properties for the Venetian Empire (wd:Q98400506) or Stato da Màr (wd:Q1782789). I will now check if the Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) has any predecessor or successor states that might include Venice or the Venetian territories. I will look for properties like "replaces," "replaced by," "predecessor," or "successor" for the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property             | object                            |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------------------- |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) | replaces (wdt:P1365) | Habsburg monarchy (wd:Q153136)    |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) | replaces (wdt:P1365) | Archduchy of Austria (wd:Q699964) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property                | object                      |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) | replaced by (wdt:P1366) | Austria-Hungary (wd:Q28513) |

[Assistant] The Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) replaced the Habsburg monarchy (wd:Q153136) and the Archduchy of Austria (wd:Q699964). It was later replaced by Austria-Hungary (wd:Q28513). I will now check if Venice or the Venetian territories were part of any of these entities: Habsburg monarchy, Archduchy of Austria, or Austria-Hungary.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct "has part" (wdt:P150) properties for Austria-Hungary, Habsburg monarchy, or Archduchy of Austria listing Venice or Venetian territories. I will now try a different approach and search for historical territorial entities or political entities that Venice belonged to and check if any of them are linked to the Austrian Empire. I will search for historical political entities related to Venice.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Venetian, also known as Wider Venetian language, Wider Venetian, Venetan language, Vèneto, Venetan (wd:Q32724): Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Veneto
2. The Venetian, also known as The Venetian Las Vegas, The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino, Venetian, Venetian Resort Hotel Casino (wd:Q1049209): hotel and casino resort in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of Americas
3. Venetian Crusade, also known as Venetian (wd:Q16830128): 1122 crusade
4. The Venetian, also known as Venetian (wd:Q2276647): 1958 film
5. humanist font, also known as Classical Humanist, Venetian, old style typeface, old style type, old style font (wd:Q2512884): typeface style
6. Territories (wd:Q3518819): 2011 film by Olivier Abbou
7. Territories (wd:Q56304640)
8. Territories (wd:Q30598906): album by Locrian
9. Territories (wd:Q96734722): US scientific journal
10. Territories (wd:Q119407296): painting by Veronica Ryan (b.1956), Kettle's Yard, University of Cambridge

[Assistant] There is no direct entity for "Venetian territories" as a political or historical entity. I will now try to search for historical events or treaties involving Venice and the Austrian Empire that might indicate a change of control or ownership. I will search for events involving Venice and the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Austrian Empire, also known as Austria, Kaiserthum Österreich (wd:Q131964): Central European multinational Empire from 1804 to 1867
2. Austrian State Treaty, also known as Austrian Independence Treaty, Staatsvertrag, Treaty of Vienna (1955) (wd:Q306535): multilateral 1955 treaty regarding the international status of Austria
3. Austrian colonies, also known as Austrian colonial empire, Habsburg Monarchy colonies, List of former Austrian colonies (wd:Q303598): colonial attempts by the Austrian and later Austrian-Hungarian Empires
4. Treaty of Venice, also known as Peace of Venice (wd:Q788050): peace treaty
5. Austrian French secret treaty (wd:Q23689778): international agreement 1866
6. Imperial Crown of Austria, also known as Austrian Imperial Crown, Austrian Crown, Crown of the Austrian Empire, Crown of Rudolf II (wd:Q303507): Crown of the Emperor of Austria
7. Minister-President of Austria, also known as Minister-president of Austria, Minister-President of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q15902790): head of government of the Austrian Empire
8. economy of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q3718694): economy of the region
9. Constitutions of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q56364899)
10. ambassador to the Austrian Empire (wd:Q110636887): 1804-1867

[Assistant] There is a "Treaty of Venice" (wd:Q788050) but it is a peace treaty and not necessarily related to the Austrian Empire. I will now try to find historical events or political entities that Venice was part of during the 19th century when the Austrian Empire existed (1804-1867) to see if Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire during that time. I will search for historical political entities related to Venice in the 19th century.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. 19th century, also known as 19th-century, XIX Century, nineteenth century, 19. century (wd:Q6955): time period between January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900
2. [An early 19th century portable pharmacy preserved in Venice.] (wd:Q78522588): scientific article published on 01 December 1958
3. 19th century (wd:L1183281-S1)
4. 19th century BC, also known as 19th-century BC (wd:Q186674): century
5. 19th-century philosophy, also known as philosophy (19th century), philosophy of the 19th century (wd:Q1142480): philosophy-related events during the 19th century
6. 19th-century literature, also known as 19th century literature, literature of the 19th century, nineteenth-century literature (wd:Q3625748): world literature produced during the 19th century
7. 19th-Century Music, also known as Nineteenth Century Music, 19th century music (wd:Q4595719): scientific journal
8. 19th century London (wd:Q4595843): London-related events during the 19th century
9. 19th Century Literature/Frankenstein (wd:Q20094160)
10. 19th Venice Biennale (wd:Q23790589)

[Assistant] There is no direct historical political entity related to Venice in the 19th century from the search results. I will now try to find historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after the Republic of Venice ended in 1797, as the Austrian Empire existed from 1804 to 1867. I will search for historical political entities related to Venice after 1797.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Afternoon, Venice (wd:Q59506972): painting by Florence Carlyle
2. Afternoon Coffee, Venice (wd:Q27882507): painting by Cecil van Haanen
3. Hazy Afternoon, Venice (wd:Q119438919): painting by George Devlin (1937–2014), Lillie Art Gallery
4. The Piazzetta, Venice, after Canaletto (wd:Q106879216): painting by Unidentified Artist
5. Venice enthroned. Copy after Veronese (wd:Q55411932): painting by Eilif Peterssen
6. Venice, the Rialto Bridge (after Canaletto) (wd:Q118994294): painting by Bernardo Canal (1673–1744), University of Aberdeen
7. Camera Work: Late Afternoon - Venice (wd:Q79975745): bound volume by Edward Steichen (American, 1879-1973) (1995.199.42.n)
8. Venice, also known as Venice, Italy, Venezia, Venexia, Serenissima, Venetia (wd:Q641): capital city of Veneto, Italy
9. 1797 (wd:Q7820): year
10. Republic of Venice, also known as The Serenissima, Duchy of Venetia, Venice Republic, Venice, Venezia Republic (wd:Q4948): former state in Northeastern Italy (697–1797)

[Assistant] The Republic of Venice ended in 1797. I will now check if there is any entity representing the political status of Venice or the Venetian territories immediately after 1797, which might be linked to the Austrian Empire. I will search for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502)
2. Altered flow territories after e...nial-intracranial bypass surgery (wd:Q81171054): scientific article published on 01 September 2005
3. 1797 (wd:Q7820): year
4. Venetian, also known as Wider Venetian language, Wider Venetian, Venetan language, Vèneto, Venetan (wd:Q32724): Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Veneto
5. After (wd:Q55815471): 2019 film directed by Jenny Gage
6. The Venetian, also known as The Venetian Las Vegas, The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino, Venetian, Venetian Resort Hotel Casino (wd:Q1049209): hotel and casino resort in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of Americas
7. Venetian Crusade, also known as Venetian (wd:Q16830128): 1122 crusade
8. After (wd:Q30897556): 2014 novel written by Anna Todd
9. Destroyed., also known as After (wd:Q1954619): album by Moby
10. After (wd:Q109036073): film series article

[Assistant] There is an entity "Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions" (wd:Q4683502) which might be related to Venetian territories after partitions. I will check the details of this entity to see if it is related to Venetian territories after 1797 and if it has any connection to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                           | property               | object                                                                   |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646) | /m/01196h89                                                              |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | schema:name            | Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (en) |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | rdf:type               | wikibase:Item                                                            |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | rdfs:label             | Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (en) |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | skos:altLabel          | Divisão administrativa dos territórios polacos após as partições (pt)    |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | skos:prefLabel         | Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (en) |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | Freebase ID (p:P646)   | s:Q4683502-390988F2-7C3F-4C4D-9DFC-D401E139B65B                          |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | schema:name            | Divisão administrativa dos territórios poloneses após as partições (pt)  |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | schema:name            | Διοικητικές διαιρέσεις των πολων...ών εδαφών μετά τους διαμελισμούς (el) |
| Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions (wd:Q4683502) | rdfs:label             | Divisão administrativa dos territórios poloneses após as partições (pt)  |
| ...                                                                               | ...                    | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] The entity "Administrative division of Polis...ian territories after Partitions" (wd:Q4683502) seems to be related to Polish territories after partitions, not Venetian territories. I will try a different approach and search for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797 by searching for "Venice Austrian Empire" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Austrian Empire, also known as Austria, Kaiserthum Österreich (wd:Q131964): Central European multinational Empire from 1804 to 1867
2. Austrian colonies, also known as Austrian colonial empire, Habsburg Monarchy colonies, List of former Austrian colonies (wd:Q303598): colonial attempts by the Austrian and later Austrian-Hungarian Empires
3. Imperial Crown of Austria, also known as Austrian Imperial Crown, Austrian Crown, Crown of the Austrian Empire, Crown of Rudolf II (wd:Q303507): Crown of the Emperor of Austria
4. Minister-President of Austria, also known as Minister-president of Austria, Minister-President of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q15902790): head of government of the Austrian Empire
5. economy of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q3718694): economy of the region
6. Constitutions of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q56364899)
7. ambassador to the Austrian Empire (wd:Q110636887): 1804-1867
8. ambassador of the Austrian Empire, also known as ambassador of Austria, Austrian ambassador (wd:Q106085599): 1804-1867
9. foreign minister of Austrian Empire (wd:Q130805004): position (–1867)
10. 1850 stamps of the Austrian Empire (wd:Q1447304)

[Assistant] There is no direct entity linking Venice and the Austrian Empire in the search results. I will now try to find historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797 by searching for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797. I will search for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): subject's government
2. historical region (wd:P6885 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): geographic area which at some point in time had a cultural, ethn...linguistic or political basis, regardless of present-day borders, location, part of
3. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
4. historic county, also known as ancient or geographic county, located in historic county of Ireland, located in historic UK county, located in historic United Kingdom county, traditional county (wd:P7959 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): traditional, geographical division of Great Britain and Ireland
5. diplomatic relation, also known as political relation, political relations, foreign relations, foreign relation, diplomatic relations (wd:P530 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): diplomatic relations of the country
6. located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, also known as present-day administrative territorial entity, located in the current administrative territorial entity, located in the modern-day administrative territorial entity, located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, would today be located in administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the item was located in the territory of this present-day administrative unit; however the two did not at any point coexist in time, location, part of
7. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
8. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
9. Lokalhistoriewiki.no article ID, also known as Lokalhistoriewiki article, Lokalhistoriewiki.no ID, Lokalhistoriewiki.no page ID (wd:P6520 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): identifier for an article in lokalhistoriewiki.no
10. history of topic, also known as history of the topic, timeline of subject, timeline of the subject, timeline of the topic, timeline of topic (wd:P2184 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): item about the historical development of a subject's topic, exam... To list key events of the topic, use "significant event" (P793), studied in

[Assistant] The property "historical region" (wdt:P6885) seems relevant for identifying historical political entities or regions. I will now check if Venice (wd:Q641) or the Republic of Venice (wd:Q4948) has any historical region property linking it to the Austrian Empire or its territories.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct "historical region" (wdt:P6885) properties linking Venice or the Republic of Venice to any historical region. I will now try to find historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to by searching for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to using the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) with a time constraint for the 19th century when the Austrian Empire existed.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| entity                           |
| -------------------------------- |
| Province of Venice (wd:Q16310)   |
| province of Venice (wd:Q3924689) |
| Venetian Province (wd:Q6360367)  |

[Assistant] Venice was part of the "Province of Venice" (wd:Q16310), "province of Venice" (wd:Q3924689), and "Venetian Province" (wd:Q6360367) during the 19th century when the Austrian Empire existed. I will now check if any of these provinces belonged to the Austrian Empire.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| entity                       |
| ---------------------------- |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies that Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire at some point, supported by the Venetian Province (wd:Q6360367) being part of the Austrian Empire. However, the SPARQL query could be improved to more explicitly confirm the relationship between Venice and the Austrian Empire by including a broader check for any administrative entity related to Venice that was part of the Austrian Empire. Also, the query currently uses a fixed set of provinces without explaining why those three were chosen, which might miss other relevant entities. It would be better to query for any entity related to Venice that was part of the Austrian Empire, ensuring completeness and clarity. Additionally, the query should return the actual IRIs and labels in a more structured way, and the explanation should clarify the historical context more precisely.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will improve the SPARQL query to more comprehensively check for any administrative territorial entity related to Venice that was part of the Austrian Empire, without limiting to a fixed set of provinces. This will ensure completeness. I will also include labels for better clarity and structure the query to show the relationship between Venice, its administrative entities, and the Austrian Empire. I will clarify the historical context in the answer as well.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query returned no results, which means there is no direct chain of "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) from Venice or the Republic of Venice to the Austrian Empire. I will now try a different approach by checking if any administrative territorial entity that Venice or the Republic of Venice was part of had a "part of" (wdt:P361) relationship to the Austrian Empire. This might capture indirect relationships.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct or indirect "part of" (wdt:P361) or "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) relationships from Venice or the Republic of Venice to the Austrian Empire in the knowledge graph. However, from the previous exploration, we found that specific provinces related to Venice were part of the Austrian Empire. I will now write a refined answer explaining that Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire at some point, supported by the historical provinces that were part of the Austrian Empire, and provide the SPARQL query that identified these provinces.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query did not return any results, indicating it failed to find evidence that Venice belonged to the Austrian Empire. The query attempts to find administrative entities containing Venice that are part of the Austrian Empire, but it does not consider historical changes over time or the fact that Venice's administrative affiliations have changed. To improve, the query should explicitly check historical territorial claims or use properties related to historical territorial changes or former countries. Also, it should consider the historical period when Venice was part of the Austrian Empire (e.g., after 1797 and before the unification of Italy). The current query only checks current administrative hierarchy, which is insufficient for historical questions. Therefore, the system should retry with a query that targets historical territorial claims or former countries of Venice.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the previous queries only checked current or general administrative hierarchies and did not consider historical territorial claims or former countries, which are crucial for answering historical questions like this. I will now focus on properties related to historical territorial claims, former countries, or historical political entities that Venice belonged to during the relevant historical period (after 1797 and before the unification of Italy). I will specifically look for properties like "country" (wdt:P17) or "former country" or "historical country" related to Venice or its historical entities and check if the Austrian Empire is among them.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct "country" (wdt:P17) properties linking Venice or the Republic of Venice to the Austrian Empire as a historical country. I will now try to check if Venice or the Republic of Venice has any "former country" or "historical country" properties linking to the Austrian Empire or if there are any historical territorial claims or political entities that Venice belonged to which are linked to the Austrian Empire. I will search for any historical territorial claims or former countries of Venice or the Republic of Venice.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct administrative territorial entities that Venice or the Republic of Venice belonged to with the Austrian Empire as the country (wdt:P17). I will now try to find historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to by searching for historical political entities or states that Venice belonged to after 1797 using the property "country" (wdt:P17) with a time constraint for the 19th century when the Austrian Empire existed.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| entity                         | entityLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Austrian Empire (wd:Q131964)   | Austrian Empire (en)   |
| Habsburg monarchy (wd:Q153136) | Habsburg monarchy (en) |
| Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q223936)  | Kingdom of Italy (en)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?work ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P144 wd:Q79037 .
  ?work ?property wd:Q1621261 .
  FILTER ( STRSTARTS( STR( ?property ) , STR( wdt: ) ) )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

Venom has been a part of 1 work that is based on Spider-Man.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many works that are based on Spider-Man has Venom been a part of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which German cities have more than 250000 inhabitants?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?s1 WHERE {
  ?s1 wdt:P17 wd:Q183 .
  ?s1 wdt:P31 wd:Q515 .
  ?s1 wdt:P1082 ?o1 .
  FILTER ( ?o1 > "250000" ^^ xsd:integer )
}

Using entities:
Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
Give me the birthdays of all actors of the television show Charmed.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q162371 wdt:P161 / wdt:P569 ?date .
}

Using entities:
Charmed (wd:Q162371): American supernatural drama / fantasy television series (1998–2006)

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception

Example 3:
Question:
Which airports does Yeti Airlines serve?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q1480118 wdt:P113 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Yeti Airlines, also known as Yeti Airlines Domestic Pvt. Ltd. (wd:Q1480118): Airline based in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Using properties:
airline hub, also known as hub airport, hub (wd:P113 as wdt): airport that serves as a hub for an airline

[Assistant] The examples did not directly relate to works based on Spider-Man or Venom. I will now search for the entity "Venom" to identify its Wikidata item.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Venom (wd:Q23006268): 2018 American film directed by Ruben Fleischer
2. Venom (wd:Q192861): British heavy metal band
3. Venom (wd:Q1621261): fictional character in Marvel Comics
4. venom, also known as animal venom, venoms, zootoxin (wd:Q3386847): mixture of toxins and other substances secreted by an animal for the purpose of causing harm to another
5. UH-1Y Venom, also known as Venom, UH1Y Venom, UH-1Y Super Huey, UH-1 Venom, Super Huey (wd:Q2529305): military utility helicopter model by Bell
6. DH.112 Venom, also known as Venom, DH112, de Havilland Venom, de Havilland DH 112, de Havilland DH.112 Venom (wd:Q284767): 1949 fighter aircraft family by de Havilland
7. Michael Page, also known as MVP, the venenous cactus, Venom, Michael Jerome Reece-Page (wd:Q6833334): Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner, English mixed martial artist, mixed martial arts fighter, martial artist, kickboxer, karateka, boxer
8. Eddie Brock, also known as King in Black, Toxin, Venom, Edward Charles Brock, Anti-Venom (wd:Q2604715): fictional character in Marvel Comics, government agent, supervillain, superhero, vigilante, reporter
9. Venom, also known as Venom (Music from the Motion Picture) (wd:Q57326696): 2018 song by Eminem
10. Venom (wd:Q1757437): 1981 film by Tobe Hooper

[Assistant] The relevant entity for Venom as a fictional character in Marvel Comics is wd:Q1621261. There is also Eddie Brock (wd:Q2604715), who is a character associated with Venom. Now I will search for the entity "Spider-Man" to identify its Wikidata item.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Spider-Man, also known as Wallcrawler, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Human Spider, The Fantastic Spider-Man, Web-slinger (wd:Q79037): fictional character in Marvel Comics, photographer, scientist, superhero, inventor, teacher
2. Spider-Man (wd:Q484442): 2002 American film directed by Sam Raimi
3. Spider-Man, also known as Marvel's Spider-Man (wd:Q25340029): 2018 video game developed by Insomniac Games
4. Spider-Man, also known as Spider-Man: The Animated Series (wd:Q569934): American animated television series from 1994–1998
5. Miles Morales, also known as Ultimate Spider-Man, Spider-Man, Miles Gonzalo Morales (wd:Q59826): fictional character in Marvel Comics, superhero, student
6. Spider-Man, also known as Spider-Man 2000 (wd:Q288296): 2000 video game
7. Peter Parker, also known as Peter #1, Peter 1, Peter One, Peter-One, Spider-Man (wd:Q23991129): fictional character from the Marvel Cinematic Universe
8. Marvel's Spider-Man, also known as Spider-Man (wd:Q28207200): American animated television series
9. Spider-Man, also known as Supaidāman (wd:Q2087538): Japanese-US late 1970's television series
10. Spider-Man (wd:Q2333456): US late 1960s animated television series

[Assistant] The relevant entity for Spider-Man as a fictional character in Marvel Comics is wd:Q79037. Now I will search for properties that relate to works based on Spider-Man to find the works that Venom has been a part of.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. takes place in fictional universe, also known as universe featured, described fictional universe, universe described, set in fictional universe, fictional universe described (wd:P1434 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the subject is a work describing a fictional universe, i.e. whose plot occurs in this universe
2. from narrative universe, also known as from narrative, in continuity, from universe, in cycle, in world of (wd:P1080 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): subject's fictional entity is in the object narrative. See also P1441 (present in work) and P1445 (fictional universe described in), part of
3. fictional or mythical analog of, also known as fictionalisation of, mythical analog of, fictional version of, fictionalization of, fictional analog of (wd:P1074 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): used to link an entity or class of entities appearing in a creat...with the analogous entity or class of entities in the real world, inspired by
4. after a work by, also known as inspirational artist, inspiring artist, copy of a work by, based on a work by, artist who inspired this (wd:P1877 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): artist whose work strongly inspired / was copied in this item, significant person
5. penciller, also known as penciler (wd:P10837 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): artist who works on the creation of comic books, graphic novels,...sual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations, illustrator
6. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
7. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
8. has spin-off, also known as spin-offs, TV spinoff, TV spin-off, TV series spinoff, TV series spin-off (wd:P2512 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): works that are spin-offs of this item
9. Marvel character ID (wd:P5621 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): identifier for a character on the Marvel.com website
10. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by

[Assistant] The property "based on" (wdt:P144) seems relevant for works based on Spider-Man. I will now find works that are based on Spider-Man (wd:Q79037) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                 |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Spider-Man: No Way Home - The More Fun Stuff Version (wd:Q113471777) |
| wd:Q116250259                                                        |
| Spider-Man 2099 (wd:Q2092660)                                        |
| The Amazing Spider-Man (wd:Q229808)                                  |
| Ben Reilly (wd:Q2343504)                                             |
| ...                                                                  |
| Peter Parker/Spider-Man (wd:Q63762833)                               |
| Spider-Punk (wd:Q63975143)                                           |
| Peter Parker (wd:Q65117523)                                          |
| Spider-Boy (wd:Q9300755)                                             |
| Peter Parker (wd:Q98454793)                                          |

[Assistant] I found works that are based on Spider-Man using the property "based on" (wdt:P144). Now I will check which of these works have Venom (wd:Q1621261) as a part of them. I will search for a property that indicates participation or involvement of a character in a work.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
2. parent organization, also known as parent company, parent institution, parent organisation, parent unit, part of (wd:P749 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): parent organization of an organization, opposite of subsidiaries (P355), owned by, part of
3. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
4. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
5. proportion, also known as %, share, ratio, part, percent (wd:P1107 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): to be used as a qualifier, value must be between 0 and 1
6. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
7. located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, also known as present-day administrative territorial entity, located in the current administrative territorial entity, located in the modern-day administrative territorial entity, located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, would today be located in administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the item was located in the territory of this present-day administrative unit; however the two did not at any point coexist in time, location, part of
8. depicted part, also known as part depicted, part shown, shown part (wd:P5961 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): use as qualifier for "depicts" (P180)
9. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
10. territory overlaps, also known as partially overlaps, partially coincident with, partly coincident with, partly located in territorial entity, partly overlaps (wd:P3179 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): part or all of the area associated with (this) entity overlaps part or all of the area associated with that entity, partially coincident with

[Assistant] The property "depicted by" (wdt:P1299) or "performer" (wdt:P175) might be relevant for indicating participation in works. I will check if Venom (wd:Q1621261) is depicted by or is a performer in any works based on Spider-Man. I will first try "depicted by" (wdt:P1299).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works based on Spider-Man where Venom is indicated as "depicted by" (wdt:P1299). I will now try the property "performer" (wdt:P175) to see if Venom is a performer in any works based on Spider-Man.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works based on Spider-Man where Venom is indicated as a "performer" (wdt:P175). I will try another approach: I will find works that Venom (wd:Q1621261) has been a part of and then check which of those are based on Spider-Man (wd:Q79037). I will search for properties related to participation or involvement for Venom.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as wdt/p): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
2. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
3. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
4. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as wdt/p): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt/p): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
7. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. derivative work, also known as is source work of, is adapted as, is the basis for, iteration, reboot (wd:P4969 as wdt/p): new work of art (film, book, software, etc.) derived from major part of this work
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt/p): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "present in work" (wdt:P1441) seems relevant for indicating that Venom is a character in a work. I will now find works that Venom (wd:Q1621261) is present in using this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works where Venom (wd:Q1621261) is directly indicated as present using the property "present in work" (wdt:P1441). I will try the same property for Eddie Brock (wd:Q2604715), who is closely associated with Venom.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works where Eddie Brock (wd:Q2604715) is indicated as present using the property "present in work" (wdt:P1441). I will now try to find works where Venom (wd:Q1621261) is depicted by (wdt:P1299) or performer (wdt:P175) without restricting to works based on Spider-Man, and then check if those works are based on Spider-Man.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works where Venom (wd:Q1621261) is indicated as depicted by or performer. I will try to find works where Venom is a character or has a role. I will search for properties related to "character" or "role" for Venom.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as wdt/p): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
2. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as wdt/p): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdt/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. Personality Database profile ID, also known as Personality DB ID, www.personality-database.com/profile/, Personality DB profile ID, Personality DB profile, Personality DB identifier (wd:P10757 as wdt/p): identifier of a human, fictional character, or other entity on the Personality Database website
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. from narrative universe, also known as from narrative, in continuity, from universe, in cycle, in world of (wd:P1080 as wdt/p): subject's fictional entity is in the object narrative. See also P1441 (present in work) and P1445 (fictional universe described in), part of
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. Behind The Voice Actors character ID, also known as Behind The Voice Actors character identifier, BTVA character ID, BTVA character identifier (wd:P5107 as wdt/p): identifier of a character from the Behind The Voice Actors website
9. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
10. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as wdt/p): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "present in work" (wdt:P1441) is the most relevant for indicating that a character is in a work. Since previous queries with this property returned no results for Venom or Eddie Brock, I will try to find works that are part of the Spider-Man universe and check if Venom is associated with those works in any way. I will first find works that are part of the Spider-Man fictional universe.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works that are part of the Spider-Man fictional universe using the property "from narrative universe" (wdt:P1080). I will try the property "fictional or mythical analog of" (wdt:P1074) to find works related to Spider-Man.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no works related to Spider-Man using the property "fictional or mythical analog of" (wdt:P1074). I will try to find works that have Venom (wd:Q1621261) as a character or role using the property "character type" (wdt:P9071) or "instance of" (wdt:P31).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] I could not find a direct property linking Venom to works based on Spider-Man in the knowledge graph. I will now try a different approach: I will find works that are based on Spider-Man and check if Venom is mentioned in any capacity (e.g., as a character, performer, depicted by) in those works. I will check for all properties related to Venom in those works.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| work                       | property          |
| -------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Spider-Punk (wd:Q63975143) | enemy (wdt:P7047) |

[Assistant] I found that Venom (wd:Q1621261) is linked to the work "Spider-Punk" (wd:Q63975143) based on Spider-Man (wd:Q79037) with the property "enemy" (wdt:P7047). I will now count how many such works exist where Venom is linked with any property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly counts the number of distinct works that are based on Spider-Man (wd:Q79037) and in which Venom (wd:Q1621261) has been involved. The query uses the property 'based on' (wdt:P144) to find works based on Spider-Man and checks for any property linking these works to Venom. The result of 1 is consistent with the query logic. The query adheres to the rules by returning identifiers and does not perform any post-processing outside SPARQL. Therefore, the answer and query are correct and complete.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?precedingKingdom ?precedingKingdomLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q1115291 wdt:P1365 ?precedingKingdom .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?precedingKingdom rdfs:label ?precedingKingdomLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?precedingKingdomLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| precedingKingdom               | precedingKingdomLabel  |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Ayutthaya Kingdom (wd:Q841364) | Ayutthaya Kingdom (en) |

The kingdom that preceded the Thonburi Kingdom is the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which kingdom preceded the Thonburi Kingdom ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What is the alma mater of the chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?res WHERE {
  wd:Q567 wdt:P69 ?res .
  ?res wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q3918 .
}

Using entities:
university, also known as uni, universities (wd:Q3918): academic institution for further education
Angela Merkel, also known as Angela Dorothea Merkel, leader of the free world, Angela Kasner (wd:Q567): chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021, politician, physicist

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

Example 2:
Question:
How many James Bond movies do exist?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( ?s1 ) as ?c ) WHERE {
  ?s1 wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  ?s1 ?p wd:Q2009573 .
  FILTER ( ?p = wdt:P144 || ?p = wdt:P674 )
}

Using entities:
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
James Bond, also known as Agent 007, double o seven, 007 (wd:Q2009573): secret agent, invented by novellist Ian Fleming, 00 Agent, spy

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
How many people live in the capital of Australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?number WHERE {
  wd:Q408 wdt:P36 ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P1082 ?number .
}

Using entities:
Australia, also known as AU, The Commonwealth of Australia, Stria, Straya, Stralia (wd:Q408): country in Oceania

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Which kingdom preceded the Thonburi Kingdom?" we need to:

1. Identify the entity for the Thonburi Kingdom.
2. Find the property that relates a kingdom to the kingdom that preceded it.

I will start by searching for the entity "Thonburi Kingdom" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Thonburi Kingdom (wd:Q1115291): former country
2. kingdom, also known as regna, regnum (wd:Q36732): taxonomic rank
3. realm, also known as kingdom, kingdom (politics) (wd:Q1250464): denomination of a particular political entity, which is theoreti...ts political regime; but not necessarily identified with a state
4. The Kingdom, also known as Kingdom (wd:Q467582): 2007 film directed by Peter Berg
5. Kingdom (wd:Q30947892): 2019 South Korean TV series
6. kingdom, also known as realm (wd:Q417175): state over which a king or queen rules
7. Thonburi, also known as Thonburi Si Mahasamut (wd:Q6580711): area of Bangkok
8. Kingdom, also known as Kingudamu (wd:Q1058984): Japanese manga series
9. Kingdom (wd:Q18328031): 2014 TV series
10. Finnjet, also known as GTS Finnjet, IMO 7359632, Kingdom (wd:Q1418193): ship built in 1977

[Assistant] The entity "Thonburi Kingdom" corresponds to wd:Q1115291. Now, I need to find a property that relates a kingdom to the kingdom that preceded it. I will search for properties related to "preceded by" or "preceded" for the entity Thonburi Kingdom.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. replaces, also known as supersedes, succeeds, replaced, previous job holder, preceded by (wd:P1365 as wdt/p): person, state or item replaced. Use "structure replaces" (P1398)...item was not replaced or predecessor and successor are identical, follows
2. followed by, also known as continued as, then, successor, succeeded by, sequel is (wd:P156 as wdt/p): immediately following item in a series of which the subject is a...een replaced, e.g. political offices, use "replaced by" (P1366)]
3. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
4. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdt/p): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
7. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as wdt/p): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "replaces" (wdt:P1365) seems to be the appropriate property to indicate which kingdom preceded the Thonburi Kingdom. I will now write a SPARQL query to find the kingdom that the Thonburi Kingdom replaced.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| precedingKingdom               | precedingKingdomLabel  |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Ayutthaya Kingdom (wd:Q841364) | Ayutthaya Kingdom (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly uses the property 'preceded by' (wdt:P1365) to find the kingdom that preceded the Thonburi Kingdom (wd:Q1115291). The query returns the Ayutthaya Kingdom as the predecessor, which is historically accurate. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for readability. The answer is correct and complete, and the query follows the rules for returning identifiers and labels appropriately.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q693956 wdt:P1619 ?date .
}

The Hamburg S-Bahn was officially opened in the year 1906.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hamburg S-Bahn officially opened?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How many people live in Poland?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q36 wdt:P1082 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Poland, also known as Republic of Poland (wd:Q36): country in Central Europe

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject

Example 2:
Question:
Give me all writers that won the Nobel Prize in literature.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q36180 ; wdt:P166 wd:Q37922 .
}

Using entities:
writer, also known as penwoman, writers, penwomen, penmen, penman (wd:Q36180): person who uses written words to communicate ideas and to produce literary works
Nobel Prize in Literature, also known as Nobel Literature Prize (wd:Q37922): one of five prizes established by Alfred Nobel

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work

Example 3:
Question:
What is the area code of Berlin?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?string WHERE {
  wd:Q64 wdt:P473 ?string .
}

Using entities:
Berlin, also known as Berlin (Germany), Berlin, Germany, DE-BE (wd:Q64): federated state, capital and largest city of Germany

Using properties:
local dialing code, also known as area code, dialling code, local calling code, local dialling code, STD code (wd:P473 as wdt): identifier dedicated to subject city by the area communication network

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find the opening date of something, we need to find the entity for "Hamburg S-Bahn" and then find a property related to "officially opened" or "inception" or "date of establishment."

Step 1: Search for the entity "Hamburg S-Bahn" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hamburg S-Bahn (wd:Q693956): metro railway in Hamburg, Germany
2. Hamburg City S-Bahn, also known as City-S-Bahn, City-Tunnel (wd:Q321980): railway tunnel
3. S-Bahnhof Hamburg-Altona station, also known as Altona (S-Bahn), Hamburg-Altona(S), Hamburg-Altona (S-Bahn) (wd:Q70585725): railway station in Germany
4. S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH (wd:Q99869216): German railway company operating the Hamburg S-Bahn
5. Hamburg Airport S-Bahn line (wd:Q1430696): railway line in Germany
6. Train Simulator: Hamburg S1 S-Bahn Route Add-On (wd:Q108105621): Train Simulator DLC
7. Hamburg, also known as Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Freie und Hansestadt (wd:Q1055): city and state in the North of Germany
8. Hamburger SV, also known as Hamburg SV, HSV, H.S.V., Hamburg Sport Club, HamburgerSV (wd:Q51974): German sports club based in Hamburg, with its largest branch being its football department
9. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, IA, Hamburg, Iowa (wd:Q998718): city in Fremont County, Iowa, United States
10. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, AR, Hamburg, Arkansas (wd:Q79657): city in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States

[Assistant]
The entity "Hamburg S-Bahn" corresponds to wd:Q693956.

Step 2: Search for properties related to the opening or inception date of the Hamburg S-Bahn (wd:Q693956). I will search for properties related to "opening" or "inception" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of official opening, also known as launch date, launched, officially opened on, official opening, official opening time (wd:P1619 as wdt/p): date or point in time a place, organization, or event officially opened, start time, inception
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as wdt/p): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
6. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as wdt/p): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as wdt/p): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
9. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "date of official opening" (wdt:P1619) seems to be the most relevant for the official opening date of the Hamburg S-Bahn.

Step 3: Construct a SPARQL query to get the date of official opening for Hamburg S-Bahn (wd:Q693956).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| date                                |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1906-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official opening date of the Hamburg S-Bahn using the property P1619 (date of official opening). The answer is accurate and complete, providing the year 1906 as the official opening date. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifier and the date value. No further refinement is necessary.