PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inceptionDate WHERE {
  wd:Q523286 wdt:P571 ?inceptionDate .
}

Hambach Castle was built in the year 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who wrote The Hunger Games?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q11679 wdt:P50 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
The Hunger Games, also known as Hunger Games Saga, The Hunger Games Saga (wd:Q11679): three books by Suzanne Collins (2008–2010)

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 2:
Question:
Who was Vincent van Gogh inspired by?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q5582 wdt:P737 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Vincent van Gogh (wd:Q5582): Dutch painter (1853–1890), draftsperson, printmaker, painter

Using properties:
influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”

Example 3:
Question:
Who is the daughter of Bill Clinton married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT * {
  wd:Q1124 wdt:P40 ?child .
  ?child wdt:P26 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Bill Clinton, also known as William Jefferson Blythe, William Jefferson Blythe III, William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton, William Jefferson Clinton, WJC (wd:Q1124): President of the United States from 1993 to 2001, autobiographer, statesperson, saxophonist, politician, governor, diplomat, teacher, jurist, lawyer, writer

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find the year something was built, we need to identify the entity for "Hambach Castle" and the property related to the construction or inception date.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Hambach Castle" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility
3. rook, also known as marquess, tower, Rook (chess), rector, R (wd:Q137): piece from the board game chess
4. castling, also known as castle (wd:Q102877): chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king
5. Castle (wd:Q386880): American police procedural comedy-drama television series (2009-2016)
6. Hambach (wd:Q22391): commune in Moselle, France
7. château, also known as castle, chateau, landschloss (wd:Q751876): type of manor house mostly built by noble families for representative purposes
8. Hambach, also known as Hambach (Diez) (wd:Q566907): municipality of Germany
9. Castle, also known as Castle, OK (wd:Q3287085): town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States
10. Peveril Castle, also known as Peak Castle, Peveril Castle eleventh to fourteenth century tower keep castle, Castleton Castle (wd:Q255574): castle in Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK

[Assistant] I found the entity for Hambach Castle: wd:Q523286. Now I need to find the property related to the construction or built date of the castle. I will search for properties related to "built" or "construction" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. architectural style, also known as architecture, style of architecture (wd:P149 as wdt/p): architectural style of a structure, movement
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
5. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
6. Structurae structure ID, also known as Structurae ID for building, Structurae ID (structure), Structurae ID for structure (wd:P454 as wdt/p): identifier for a building in the Structurae database
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as wdt/p): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
10. located in/on physical feature, also known as located on the terrain feature, location (terrain feature), loc (terr), on, on geographical feature (wd:P706 as wdt/p): located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be us...nly political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552)., location, part of

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "inception" (wdt:P571) seems to be the most relevant for the built or construction date of Hambach Castle. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the inception date of Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inceptionDate                       |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception date (P571) of Hambach Castle (Q523286) from Wikidata, which is the appropriate property for the date the castle was built. The answer '1100' matches the query result and is accurate. The query follows the rules by returning the identifier and the date without unnecessary labels or services. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?festival ?festivalLabel ?inception ?type ?typeLabel WHERE {
  ?festival wdt:P31 wd:Q220505 .
  ?festival wdt:P571 ?inception .
  ?festival wdt:P31 ?type .
  FILTER ( ?type != wd:Q220505 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?festival rdfs:label ?festivalLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?festivalLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?type rdfs:label ?typeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?typeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?inception
LIMIT 10

Got 10 rows and 5 columns:
| festival                                                         | festivalLabel                                         | inception                           | type                            | typeLabel            |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                  | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | exhibition (wd:Q464980)         | exhibition (en)      |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                  | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | biennale (wd:Q182683)           | biennale (en)        |
| Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053)                               | Locarno Film Festival (en)                            | 1946-08-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | organization (wd:Q43229)        | organization (en)    |
| Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053)                               | Locarno Film Festival (en)                            | 1946-08-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | outdoor cinema (wd:Q1454553)    | outdoor cinema (en)  |
| Filmkritikerprisen (wd:Q3858187)                                 | Filmkritikerprisen (en)                               | 1948-06-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | film award (wd:Q4220917)        | film award (en)      |
| Filmkritikerprisen (wd:Q3858187)                                 | Filmkritikerprisen (en)                               | 1948-06-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | award (wd:Q618779)              | award (en)           |
| Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (wd:Q124709121) | Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | annual event (wd:Q11483816)     | annual event (en)    |
| Berlin International Film Festival (wd:Q130871)                  | Berlin International Film Festival (en)               | 1951-06-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | annual event (wd:Q11483816)     | annual event (en)    |
| Grolla d'oro (wd:Q3776890)                                       | Grolla d'oro (en)                                     | 1953-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | group of awards (wd:Q107655869) | group of awards (en) |
| San Sebastián International Film Festival (wd:Q622423)           | San Sebastián International Film Festival (en)        | 1953-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | organization (wd:Q43229)        | organization (en)    |

The Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751), starting in 1895, is the oldest event classified as a film festival but is primarily an exhibition and biennale, a broader cultural event that includes a film festival component. The oldest dedicated film festival is the Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), which started in 1932.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the oldest film festival?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What is the population of Cairo?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?val WHERE {
  wd:Q85 wdt:P1082 ?val .
}

Using entities:
Cairo, also known as al-Qāhira, Cairo, Egypt, Qahira (wd:Q85): capital city of Egypt

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject

Example 2:
Question:
Where did the architect of the Eiffel Tower study?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q243 wdt:P84 ?x .
  ?x wdt:P69 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Eiffel Tower (wd:Q243): tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France

Using properties:
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
architect, also known as architecture firm (wd:P84 as wdt): person or architectural firm responsible for designing this building, designed by

Example 3:
Question:
How many politicians graduated from Columbia University?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) AS ?c ) WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q82955 ; wdt:P69 wd:Q49088 .
}

Using entities:
politician, also known as pol, political leader, polit., political figure (wd:Q82955): person who holds or seeks positions in government

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

[Assistant]
The question is about the oldest film festival. We need to find an entity for "film festival" and then find the one with the earliest starting date or inception.

Step 1: Search for the entity "film festival" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film festival, also known as motion picture festival, movie festival (wd:Q220505): dedicated event to screen films
2. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125606262)
3. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125735665)
4. Filmshift Film Festival (wd:Q125712688)
5. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q125713127)
6. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q14681975): annual film festival held in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah, USA
7. film festival (wd:L745705-S1)
8. Cannes Film Festival, also known as Cannes International Film Festival, Festival de Cannes (wd:Q42369): annual film festival held in Cannes, France
9. Berlin International Film Festival, also known as Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin, Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, Berlin Festival (wd:Q130871): annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany
10. Venice Film Festival, also known as Venice International Film Festival (wd:Q49024): annual film festival held in Venice, Italy

[Assistant] The entity for "film festival" is wd:Q220505. Now, I will find the oldest film festival by looking for instances of film festivals and their starting dates (inception). The property for inception or start date is usually wdt:P571. I will write a query to find film festivals with their inception dates and order by the earliest date.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| festival                                              | festivalLabel                                 | inception                           |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                          | Venice Biennale (en)                          | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617)  | National Festival of Community Theatre (en)   | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                      | Venice Film Festival (en)                     | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q4304164                                           |                                               | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)       | Moscow International Film Festival (en)       | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (wd:Q332869) | Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (en) | 1946-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Salerno Film Festival (wd:Q3744051)                   | Salerno Film Festival (en)                    | 1946-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053)                    | Locarno Film Festival (en)                    | 1946-08-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Edinburgh International Film Festival (wd:Q1284745)   | Edinburgh International Film Festival (en)    | 1947-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Yorkton Film Festival (wd:Q17059525)                  | Yorkton Film Festival (en)                    | 1947-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
The oldest film festival with a clear inception date is the "Venice Biennale" from 1895, but it is a broader cultural event, not exclusively a film festival. The oldest dedicated film festival is the "Venice Film Festival" which started in 1932.

I will verify if the Venice Film Festival is indeed considered the oldest dedicated film festival by checking its description or related properties.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| festival                         | festivalLabel             | description                                     |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | Venice Film Festival (en) | annual film festival held in Venice, Italy (en) |

[Assistant]
The Venice Film Festival is described as an annual film festival held in Venice, Italy. It is the oldest film festival with a clear inception date of 1932 in the data.

I will now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query that retrieves the oldest film festival by inception date.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the oldest film festival by ordering film festivals by their inception date and limiting the result to one. However, the answer given is 'Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), which started in 1932,' but the query result shows 'Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)' with inception date 1895. This is inconsistent. The Venice Biennale is a broader cultural event that includes art exhibitions, and the Venice Film Festival is a part of it, started in 1932. The query should be refined to specifically select instances of film festivals (wd:Q220505) and exclude broader events like the Venice Biennale. Possibly, the Venice Biennale is not classified as a film festival but as a broader cultural event. The query should be checked to ensure it only includes film festivals, not other types of festivals. Also, the label for the Venice Film Festival should be retrieved correctly. The answer should be corrected to match the query result or the query refined to match the intended answer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I see that the Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) has an earlier inception date but it is not classified as a film festival (wd:Q220505), rather it is a broader cultural event. The Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) is classified as a film festival and started in 1932.

I will refine the query to ensure it only includes entities that are instances of film festivals (wd:Q220505) and exclude broader events like the Venice Biennale. I will also retrieve the label correctly for the oldest film festival. Then I will provide the corrected answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| festival                     | festivalLabel        | inception                           |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Venice Biennale (en) | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The Venice Biennale is still returned as an instance of film festival (wd:Q220505) with inception 1895. I will check the instance of (wdt:P31) values for Venice Biennale to understand its classification better.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property              | object                     |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | instance of (wdt:P31) | film festival (wd:Q220505) |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | instance of (wdt:P31) | exhibition (wd:Q464980)    |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | instance of (wdt:P31) | biennale (wd:Q182683)      |

[Assistant]
Venice Biennale is classified as an instance of film festival (wd:Q220505), exhibition (wd:Q464980), and biennale (wd:Q182683). This explains why it appears in the query results.

To exclude Venice Biennale and similar broader events, I will add a filter to exclude entities that are also instances of exhibition (wd:Q464980) or biennale (wd:Q182683). This should help narrow down to dedicated film festivals only. I will refine the query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| festival                                             | festivalLabel                               | inception                           |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | National Festival of Community Theatre (en) | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
The refined query excludes exhibitions and biennales, but now the oldest film festival returned is the "National Festival of Community Theatre" from 1927, which is not a film festival but a theatre festival.

I will try a different approach: I will check the subclasses of film festival (wd:Q220505) to see if there is a more specific subclass for film festivals that excludes broader events like Venice Biennale. Then I will query instances of that subclass.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property               | object                        |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| film festival (wd:Q220505) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | arts festival (wd:Q4801521)   |
| film festival (wd:Q220505) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | cultural event (wd:Q58687420) |

[Assistant]
Film festival (wd:Q220505) is a subclass of arts festival (wd:Q4801521) and cultural event (wd:Q58687420). This does not help narrow down further.

I will check the subclasses of Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) to see if there is a more specific classification for it that can be excluded.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) has no subclasses. I will check the subclasses of exhibition (wd:Q464980) and biennale (wd:Q182683) to see if there is a more specific classification that can be used to exclude Venice Biennale.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property               | object                                |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| exhibition (wd:Q464980) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | work (wd:Q386724)                     |
| exhibition (wd:Q464980) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | event (wd:Q1656682)                   |
| exhibition (wd:Q464980) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | spatio-temporal entity (wd:Q58415929) |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject               | property               | object                        |
| --------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| biennale (wd:Q182683) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | festival (wd:Q132241)         |
| biennale (wd:Q182683) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | art fair (wd:Q1792535)        |
| biennale (wd:Q182683) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | biennial event (wd:Q51696175) |

[Assistant]
The Venice Biennale is an instance of biennale (wd:Q182683), which is a subclass of festival (wd:Q132241). Film festival (wd:Q220505) is not a subclass of festival (wd:Q132241) but a separate entity.

I will try to exclude festivals that are instances of biennale (wd:Q182683) or exhibition (wd:Q464980) as before, but also exclude those that are instances of festival (wd:Q132241) to see if that helps.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| festival                                             | festivalLabel                               | inception                           |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | National Festival of Community Theatre (en) | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
Excluding festivals (wd:Q132241) also excludes many film festivals, but the oldest returned is still a theatre festival, not a film festival.

I will try a different approach: I will check the subclasses of film festival (wd:Q220505) to see if there is a more specific subclass for film festivals that excludes broader events like Venice Biennale. Then I will query instances of that subclass.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property               | object                        |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| film festival (wd:Q220505) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | arts festival (wd:Q4801521)   |
| film festival (wd:Q220505) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | cultural event (wd:Q58687420) |

[Assistant]
Film festival (wd:Q220505) is a subclass of arts festival (wd:Q4801521) and cultural event (wd:Q58687420). This does not help narrow down further.

I will try to find the oldest film festival by searching for entities with the label "oldest film festival" or similar to see if there is a known entity for it.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film festival, also known as motion picture festival, movie festival (wd:Q220505): dedicated event to screen films
2. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125606262)
3. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125735665)
4. Filmshift Film Festival (wd:Q125712688)
5. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q125713127)
6. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q14681975): annual film festival held in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah, USA
7. film festival (wd:L745705-S1)
8. Cannes Film Festival, also known as Cannes International Film Festival, Festival de Cannes (wd:Q42369): annual film festival held in Cannes, France
9. Berlin International Film Festival, also known as Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin, Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, Berlin Festival (wd:Q130871): annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany
10. Venice Film Festival, also known as Venice International Film Festival (wd:Q49024): annual film festival held in Venice, Italy

[Assistant]
Since the Venice Biennale is classified as a film festival but is a broader cultural event, and the Venice Film Festival is the oldest dedicated film festival with inception in 1932, I will provide the answer accordingly.

I will finalize the answer with the SPARQL query that retrieves film festivals ordered by inception date and mention that the Venice Film Festival is the oldest dedicated film festival.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies the Venice Biennale as the oldest event classified as a film festival starting in 1895, and the Venice Film Festival as the oldest dedicated film festival starting in 1932. However, the SPARQL query retrieves the 10 oldest film festivals but does not explicitly distinguish between broader cultural events that include film festivals and dedicated film festivals. The query could be refined to better differentiate these cases or to clarify the distinction in the answer. Additionally, the answer could mention that the Venice Biennale is a broader cultural event that includes a film festival component, to avoid confusion. Overall, the answer is mostly correct but could be improved for clarity and precision.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To improve clarity and precision, I will refine the SPARQL query to retrieve the oldest film festivals along with their instance types (e.g., whether they are classified as a film festival only or also as a broader cultural event like exhibition or biennale). This will help distinguish dedicated film festivals from broader cultural events that include film festivals.

Then I will provide an answer that explicitly mentions that the Venice Biennale is a broader cultural event that includes a film festival component, and the Venice Film Festival is the oldest dedicated film festival.

I will now write the refined SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 5 columns:
| festival                                                         | festivalLabel                                         | inception                           | type                            | typeLabel            |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                  | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | exhibition (wd:Q464980)         | exhibition (en)      |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                                     | Venice Biennale (en)                                  | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | biennale (wd:Q182683)           | biennale (en)        |
| Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053)                               | Locarno Film Festival (en)                            | 1946-08-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | organization (wd:Q43229)        | organization (en)    |
| Locarno Film Festival (wd:Q502053)                               | Locarno Film Festival (en)                            | 1946-08-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | outdoor cinema (wd:Q1454553)    | outdoor cinema (en)  |
| Filmkritikerprisen (wd:Q3858187)                                 | Filmkritikerprisen (en)                               | 1948-06-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | film award (wd:Q4220917)        | film award (en)      |
| Filmkritikerprisen (wd:Q3858187)                                 | Filmkritikerprisen (en)                               | 1948-06-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | award (wd:Q618779)              | award (en)           |
| Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (wd:Q124709121) | Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | annual event (wd:Q11483816)     | annual event (en)    |
| Berlin International Film Festival (wd:Q130871)                  | Berlin International Film Festival (en)               | 1951-06-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | annual event (wd:Q11483816)     | annual event (en)    |
| Grolla d'oro (wd:Q3776890)                                       | Grolla d'oro (en)                                     | 1953-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | group of awards (wd:Q107655869) | group of awards (en) |
| San Sebastián International Film Festival (wd:Q622423)           | San Sebastián International Film Festival (en)        | 1953-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | organization (wd:Q43229)        | organization (en)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?nobleTitle ?nobleTitleLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q7259 wdt:P97 ?nobleTitle .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?nobleTitle rdfs:label ?nobleTitleLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?nobleTitleLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nobleTitle             | nobleTitleLabel |
| ---------------------- | --------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en)   |

Ada Lovelace's noble title was Countess.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What was Ada Lovelace’s noble title?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which city has the most inhabitants?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:279 * wd:Q515 ; wdt:P1082 ?population .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
Show me all Czech movies.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  {
    ?uri wdt:P495 wd:Q213 .
  } UNION {
    ?uri wdt:P495 wd:Q33946 .
  }
}

Using entities:
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
Czech Republic, also known as CZ, CZE, CZR, Czechia (wd:Q213): country in Central Europe
Czechoslovakia, also known as TCH, People's Republic of Czechoslovakia, CSFR, Federation of Czechoslovakia, ČSFR (wd:Q33946): country in Central Europe, 1918–1992

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country

Example 3:
Question:
How many grand-children did Jacques Cousteau have?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q83233 wdt:P40 / wdt:P40 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Jacques Cousteau, also known as Jacques-Yves Cousteau (wd:Q83233): French naval officer, oceanographer, filmmaker and author (1910-1997), Officer of the French Navy, marine biologist, conservationist, world traveler, oceanographer, film producer, film director, photographer, screenwriter, filmmaker, biologist, zoologist, innovator, engineer, inventor, explorer, writer

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

[Assistant] The question is about Ada Lovelace's noble title. First, I need to identify the entity for Ada Lovelace in Wikidata. Then, I need to find the property that corresponds to noble title or similar. I will start by searching for the entity "Ada Lovelace" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ada, also known as Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Lady Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, programmer, translator, engineer, inventor, writer, poet
2. Ada Lovelace, also known as Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Lady Ada, Lovelace, Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, translator, programmer, inventor, engineer, writer, poet
3. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q114068528): GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
4. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q87282992): episode of In Our Time
5. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
6. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
7. Ada Lovelace Award (wd:Q30128828): award for women in computing
8. mail Ada Lovelace (wd:Q100740077): street of Saint-Denis, in Seine-Saint-Denis, France
9. Place Ada Lovelace (wd:Q124088750): public square at the EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland
10. impasse Ada Lovelace (wd:Q125549094)

[Assistant] The entity for Ada Lovelace is wd:Q7259. Now I will search for properties related to "noble title" or similar for this entity to find the relevant property that indicates her noble title.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. noble title, also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title (wd:P97 as wdt/p): titles held by the person
2. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as wdt/p): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
3. The Peerage person ID, also known as Peerage person ID, thepeerage, TP id (wd:P4638 as wdt/p): identifier for a person on The Peerage genealogical website
4. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as wdt/p): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
5. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as wdt/p): person who has taught this person, significant person
6. DUC ID, also known as Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices ID (wd:P7578 as wdt/p): identifier for a noted woman on the online version of Le Diction...l des Créatrices (English: The Universal Dictionary of Creators)
7. family name, also known as clan name, last name, surname (wd:P734 as wdt/p): part of full name of person, name
8. social classification, also known as social class, social status (wd:P3716 as wdt/p): social class as recognized in traditional or state law
9. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as wdt/p): name of a person in their native language, name
10. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as wdt/p): person linked to the item in any possible way

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "noble title" (wdt:P97) is the relevant property for Ada Lovelace's noble title. I will now write a SPARQL query to get Ada Lovelace's noble title using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nobleTitle             | nobleTitleLabel |
| ---------------------- | --------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves Ada Lovelace's noble title using the property P97 (noble title). The query returns the identifier and the English label of the noble title, which is 'Countess'. The answer is accurate and complete. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifier and an optional label. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?prize ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  {
    BIND( wd:Q7191 AS ?prize ) ?prize wdt:P112 wd:Q23810 .
  } UNION {
    ?prize wdt:P279 * wd:Q7191 .
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 8 (xsd:int) |

There are 8 prizes established by Alfred Nobel, including the main Nobel Prize and its subclasses.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What is the largest city in Australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q515 ; wdt:P17 wd:Q408 ; wdt:P1082 ?population .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Australia, also known as AU, The Commonwealth of Australia, Stria, Straya, Stralia (wd:Q408): country in Oceania
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
Which musician wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q639669 .
  ?x wdt:P31 wd:Q571 ; wdt:P50 ?uri .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?x ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
musician, also known as musical artist (wd:Q639669): person who composes, conducts or performs music

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
Give me the grandchildren of Elvis Presley.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o2 WHERE {
  wd:Q303 wdt:P40 ?o1 .
  ?o1 wdt:P40 ?o2
}

Using entities:
Elvis Presley, also known as The King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis A. Presley, King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis, Elvis Aaron Presley (wd:Q303): American singer and actor (1935–1977), military personnel, military officer, philanthropist, film actor, composer, activist, singer, actor

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

[Assistant] The question is about prizes established by Alfred Nobel. First, I need to identify the Wikidata entity for Alfred Nobel. Then, I will look for prizes or awards that are linked to him as the founder or establisher. Let's start by searching for the entity Alfred Nobel.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Alfred Nobel, also known as Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Nobel, Alfred B. Nobel (wd:Q23810): Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896), weapons manufacturer, philanthropist, industrialist, photographer, scientist, inventor, engineer, chemist
2. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q18236602): Irish horse
3. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q4992600): Wikimedia duplicated page, scientist
4. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q2047706): train service
5. Alfred nobel (wd:Q82943104): scientific article published on 01 October 1996
6. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q123948893): street in Sofia, Bulgaria
7. Alfred Nobel. (wd:Q55480875): scientific article published in January 1959
8. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q59017243): scientific article published in Nature
9. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q127414859): railway underpass in Helmond, the Netherlands
10. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q124728259): painting by Emil Österman

[Assistant] The Wikidata entity for Alfred Nobel is wd:Q23810. Now I will search for properties related to prizes or awards established by Alfred Nobel. I will search for properties of Alfred Nobel that might indicate prizes or awards he established.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
3. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as wdt/p): significant or notable events associated with the subject
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as wdt/p): person who has taught this person, significant person
8. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as wdt/p): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
9. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
10. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "award received" (wdt:P166) is related to awards or prizes received by Alfred Nobel, but it does not indicate prizes established by him. I will try to find prizes or awards that have Alfred Nobel as the founder or establisher. I will search for properties related to "founder" or "establisher" for prizes.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
2. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
3. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
4. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
5. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
6. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
7. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
8. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
9. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
10. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant] The property "founded by" (wdt:P112) seems relevant for finding prizes or awards founded by Alfred Nobel. I will now search for prizes or awards that have the property "founded by" with Alfred Nobel as the value.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] No prizes or awards are directly linked to Alfred Nobel with the property "founded by" (wdt:P112). I will try another approach: I will search for prizes or awards that have Alfred Nobel as the "named after" or "endowed by" or similar property. I will search for properties related to "named after" or "endowed by" for prizes.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
2. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
3. named by, also known as coined by, namer (wd:P3938 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person or organisation that coined the name; use as qualifier for P2561 and its subproperties
4. appointed by, also known as named by (wd:P748 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): who appointed the person to the office, can be used as a qualifier
5. troponym of, also known as definition by troponym, troponym (wd:P5975 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): this verb describes more narrowly the action of the more general verb used as value, hyperonym
6. nickname, also known as informal name, moniker, other name, othername, other_names (wd:P1449 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): informal name (for a pseudonym use P742), name
7. applies to name of subject, also known as applies to subject's name, for the name, involved name, limited to the name, valid for the name (wd:P5168 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): (qualifier) label or alias name to which the claim applies (subj...er to name of the value, use "applies to name of object" (P8338), subject named as
8. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name
9. subject named as, also known as established as, established form, established heading, named as, spelled as (wd:P1810 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context, name
10. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. donated by, also known as bestowed by, donation from, donor, gift from, gift of (wd:P1028 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person or organization who donated the object
2. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
3. endowment, also known as financial endowment (wd:P6589 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): sum of donations for the ongoing support of a not-for-profit institution
4. funder, also known as benefactor, sponsored by, sponsor, has funder, has donor (wd:P8324 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): entity that gives money to a person, organization, or project for a specific purpose, sponsor
5. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): text through which an institution or object has been created or established
6. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
7. sponsor, also known as benefactor, endorsed by, patron, sponsored by (wd:P859 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): organization or individual that sponsors this item
8. performing organization, also known as funded organisation, funded organization, fundee, grantee, performing organisation (wd:P12526 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): organization that received funding to create this entity
9. professorship, also known as professorship position, named professorship, named chair, endowed professorship, chair (wd:P803 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): professorship position held by this academic person, position held
10. owned by, also known as belongs to, stockholders, stockholder, shareholders, shareholder (wd:P127 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): owner of the subject

[Assistant] The property "named after" (wdt:P138) seems relevant for prizes named after Alfred Nobel. Also, the property "conferred by" (wdt:P1027) could be relevant for awards or prizes conferred by Alfred Nobel or an organization related to him. I will first check for prizes named after Alfred Nobel using the property "named after".

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no prizes that have the property "named after" with Alfred Nobel as the value. I will now check for prizes or awards that are "conferred by" Alfred Nobel or an organization related to him. I will first check if there is an organization related to Alfred Nobel that confers prizes. I will search for organizations founded by Alfred Nobel.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| org                             | orgLabel               |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Branobel (wd:Q2306052)          | Branobel (en)          |
| Branobel (wd:Q2306052)          | Branobel (en)          |
| Nobel Enterprises (wd:Q7045628) | Nobel Enterprises (en) |
| Dynamit Nobel (wd:Q872866)      | Dynamit Nobel (en)     |
| Dynamit Nobel (wd:Q872866)      | Dynamit Nobel (en)     |

[Assistant] There are some organizations founded by Alfred Nobel, such as Branobel, Nobel Enterprises, and Dynamit Nobel. I will now check if any prizes or awards are conferred by these organizations. I will check for prizes or awards conferred by Branobel first.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] No prizes or awards are conferred by Branobel. I will now check for prizes or awards conferred by Nobel Enterprises.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] No prizes or awards are conferred by Nobel Enterprises. I will now check for prizes or awards conferred by Dynamit Nobel.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] No prizes or awards are conferred by Dynamit Nobel either. I will try a different approach: I will search for prizes or awards that have Alfred Nobel as the "endowed by" or "donated by" or similar property. I will check the property "donated by" (wdt:P1028) for prizes.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no prizes or awards with the property "donated by" Alfred Nobel. I will now try to find prizes or awards that have Alfred Nobel as the "founder" or "institutor" using the property "founded by" (wdt:P112) but without restricting to organizations. I will search for any prize or award with Alfred Nobel as the founder.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| prize                  | prizeLabel       |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| wd:Q114358385          |                  |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | Nobel Prize (en) |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | Nobel Prize (en) |

[Assistant] There is a prize called "Nobel Prize" (wd:Q7191) that is founded by Alfred Nobel. I will now check how many different prizes are established under the Nobel Prize. I will look for subclasses or instances of the Nobel Prize.

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 2 columns:
| subprize                                          | subprizeLabel                              |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q131106299                                     |                                            |
| wd:Q131106306                                     |                                            |
| Nobel Peace Prize (wd:Q35637)                     | Nobel Peace Prize (en)                     |
| Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922)             | Nobel Prize in Literature (en)             |
| Nobel Prize in Physics (wd:Q38104)                | Nobel Prize in Physics (en)                |
| Nobel Prize in Chemistry (wd:Q44585)              | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (en)              |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191)                            | Nobel Prize (en)                           |
| Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (wd:Q80061) | Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (en) |

[Assistant] There are 7 distinct prizes under the Nobel Prize established by Alfred Nobel: Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and two unnamed prizes (wd:Q131106299 and wd:Q131106306). I will count the number of these prizes excluding the main Nobel Prize itself.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 7 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query counts all subclasses of the Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) but does not explicitly ensure that these prizes were established by Alfred Nobel. The question specifically asks for prizes established by Alfred Nobel, so the query should include a condition linking the prizes to Alfred Nobel as the founder or creator (e.g., using a property like 'founder' or 'named after'). Without this, the count might include prizes related to the Nobel Prize but not necessarily established by Alfred Nobel himself. I suggest refining the query to explicitly filter for prizes established by Alfred Nobel to ensure accuracy.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the count should explicitly ensure that the prizes were established by Alfred Nobel. I will refine the query to count only those prizes that are subclasses of the Nobel Prize and also have Alfred Nobel as the founder (wdt:P112).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] The refined query returned 0, which means there are no subclasses of the Nobel Prize that explicitly have Alfred Nobel as the founder. This might be because the subclasses do not have the founder property set. I will try a different approach: I will count the Nobel Prize itself if it has Alfred Nobel as the founder, and also count the subclasses of the Nobel Prize regardless of the founder property, assuming they are part of the prizes established by Alfred Nobel.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 8 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly counts the number of prizes established by Alfred Nobel by including the main Nobel Prize entity and all its subclasses. The use of the property 'founded by' (wdt:P112) to link prizes to Alfred Nobel and the subclass hierarchy (wdt:P279*) to include all subclasses of the Nobel Prize is appropriate. The result of 8 matches the answer provided. The query follows the rules by returning the count as a numeric value and does not rely on labels or additional computation. Therefore, the output is correct and complete.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?birthDate WHERE {
  wd:Q521221 wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
}

The creator of Saturday Night Live, Lorne Michaels, was born on November 17, 1944.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when was the creator of saturday night live born?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which organizations were founded in 1930?

SPARQL:
SELECT * WHERE {
  ?sub wdt:P571 ?year .
  ?sub wdt:P31 / wdt:P131 * wd:Q43229 .
  FILTER ( year( ?year ) = 1930 ) .
}

Using entities:
organization, also known as organizations, organization in sociology, organisation, institution, organisations (wd:Q43229): social entity established to meet needs or pursue goals

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

Example 2:
Question:
Which classes does the Millepede belong to?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q11185669 wdt:P279 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
millipede (wd:Q11185669): common name of myriapods

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

Example 3:
Question:
In which films did Julia Roberts as well as Richard Gere play?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  ?uri wdt:P161 wd:Q48410 .
  ?uri wdt:P161 wd:Q40523 .
}

Using entities:
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
Julia Roberts, also known as Julia Fiona Roberts (wd:Q40523): American actress (born 1967), television actor, film producer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, actor, model
Richard Gere, also known as Richard Tiffany Gere (wd:Q48410): American actor (born 1949), human rights activist, television actor, film director, film producer, photographer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, actor

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
The question is about the creator of "Saturday Night Live" and their birth date. First, I need to identify the entity for "Saturday Night Live" and then find the creator of this entity. After that, I will find the birth date of the creator.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Saturday Night Live" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night, NBC's Saturday Night (wd:Q13979): American late-night live television sketch comedy show
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): tv show aired in 2016
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk
5. Saturday Night Live Korea, also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6 (wd:Q7426718): 2011 South Korean television series
6. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show
7. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): Japanese TV series or program
8. history of Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night Live history (wd:Q5866387): List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn, also known as Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9, Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9 (wd:Q5483492): episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Samurai (wd:Q7426709): recurring SNL character, samurai

[Assistant] The entity "Saturday Night Live" is wd:Q13979, which is an American late-night live television sketch comedy show. Next, I will find the creator of this entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property           | object                      |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------------------- |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | creator (wdt:P170) | Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221) |

[Assistant] The creator of "Saturday Night Live" (wd:Q13979) is Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221). Now, I will find the birth date of Lorne Michaels.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                 | object                              |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221) | date of birth (wdt:P569) | 1944-11-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified Lorne Michaels as the creator of Saturday Night Live and retrieved his birth date using the property P569 (date of birth). The SPARQL query is simple and precise, returning the birth date as required. The answer is accurate and complete.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  wd:Q1297 wdt:P206 wd:Q1169 .
}

Yes, Chicago is located at Lake Michigan.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is Chicago located at Lake Michigan?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which bridges cross the Seine?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q12280 ; wdt:P177 wd:Q1471 .
}

Using entities:
bridge, also known as bridge (engineering), bridges, bridge (structure) (wd:Q12280): structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle
Seine, also known as Seine River, river Seine (wd:Q1471): river in France

Using properties:
crosses, also known as under, tunnel under, through, spanning, over (wd:P177 as wdt): obstacle (body of water, road, railway...) which this bridge (ferry, ford) crosses over or this tunnel goes under
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
In which military conflicts did Lawrence of Arabia participate?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q170596 wdt:P607 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
T. E. Lawrence, also known as Thomas Edward Lawrence, T.E. Lawrence, Thomas Edward Shaw, John Hume Ross, Lawrence of Arabia (wd:Q170596): British archaeologist, army officer and diplomat (1888–1935), military personnel, military officer, castellologist, autobiographer, aircraft pilot, world traveler, anthropologist, archaeologist, screenwriter, translator, diplomat, writer, spy

Using properties:
conflict, also known as war, theatre (military), theater (military), participated in conflict, military conflict (wd:P607 as wdt): battles, wars or other military engagements in which the person or item participated, participant in

Example 3:
Question:
Who was married to president Chirac?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q2105 wdt:P26 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Jacques Chirac (wd:Q2105): President of France from 1995 to 2007, politician, official

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The question is asking if Chicago is located at Lake Michigan. We need to check the geographical location relationship between Chicago and Lake Michigan.

Step 1: Identify the entities "Chicago" and "Lake Michigan" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property that represents "located at" or "located on" or similar spatial relationship.
Step 3: Query if Chicago is located at or on Lake Michigan.

I will start by searching for the entity "Chicago" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chicago, also known as The Second City, The Queen of the West, The Windy City, City of Broad Shoulders, City by the Lake (wd:Q1297): city and county seat of Cook County, Illinois, United States of America
2. Chicago, also known as City of Chicago, City of Broad Shoulders, The Queen of the West, City by the Lake, Chi-Town (wd:Q1297): city and county seat of Cook County, Illinois, United States of America
3. Chicago (wd:Q189889): 2002 film by Rob Marshall
4. Chicago, also known as Chicago (band), Chicago (musical group), Chicago Transit Authority, The Big Thing (wd:Q371938): American rock band
5. 334 Chicago, also known as (334) Chicago, Chicago (wd:Q151343): outer main-belt asteroid
6. Willard, also known as Chicago, Chicago Junction, Willard, OH, Willard, Ohio (wd:Q2233885): city in Huron County, Ohio, United States
7. Chicago (wd:Q656285): 1975 musical by John Kander and Fred Ebb
8. Chicago (wd:Q3281484): 1927 film by Frank John Urson
9. Chicago, also known as One Chicago (wd:Q20649503): American television series franchise
10. Chicago, also known as Chicago II (wd:Q2451193): 1970 studio album by Chicago

[Assistant]
The entity "Chicago" as a city and county seat of Cook County, Illinois, United States of America is represented by wd:Q1297.

Next, I will search for the entity "Lake Michigan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lake Michigan, also known as Michigan (wd:Q1169): one of the Great Lakes of North America
2. Lake Michigan (wd:Q92397898): photograph by Harry Callahan
3. Lake Michigan (wd:Q64154858): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 92925)
4. Lake Michigan (wd:Q64154774): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 92585)
5. Lake Michigan (wd:Q113239022): scientific article published on 17 April 2022
6. Lake County, also known as Aishcum County, Michigan, Lake County, Michigan, Lake County, MI, Aishcum County (wd:Q63771): county in Michigan, United States
7. Lake City, also known as Lake City, MI, Lake City, Michigan (wd:Q2061014): city and county seat of Missaukee, Michigan, United States
8. Lake Angelus, also known as Lake Angelus, MI, Lake Angelus, Michigan (wd:Q940731): city in Oakland County, Michigan
9. Walled Lake, also known as Walled Lake, Michigan, Walled Lake, MI (wd:Q2847502): city in Oakland County, Michigan, United States
10. Sylvan Lake, also known as Sylvan Lake, MI, Sylvan Lake, Michigan (wd:Q3295703): human settlement in Oakland County, Michigan, United States of America

[Assistant]
The entity "Lake Michigan" is represented by wd:Q1169 in Wikidata.

Now, I will search for properties that represent the location relationship between Chicago and Lake Michigan. I will search for properties related to "located at" or "located on" for the entity Chicago (wd:Q1297).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
2. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdt/p): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
3. location map (wd:P1943 as wdt/p): blank geographic map image suitable for overlaying coordinate points, as defined at c:Category:Location maps, image
4. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt/p): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
5. located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as wdt/p): time zone for this item
6. located in or next to body of water, also known as located on body of water, ocean, on bay, next to lake, on coast of (wd:P206 as wdt/p): body of water on or next to which a place is located, location
7. locator map image, also known as locator map, map image, map (wd:P242 as wdt/p): geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity, image
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
9. shares border with, also known as shares borders with, next to, bordered by, border, borders clockwise (wd:P47 as wdt/p): countries or administrative subdivisions, of equal level, that t...rders, either by land or water. A single common point is enough.
10. X place ID, also known as Twitter place ID, twt place ID (wd:P12431 as wdt/p): identifier for a geographic location on X (formerly Twitter)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "located in or next to body of water" (wdt:P206) seems to be the most relevant property to check if Chicago is located at Lake Michigan.

I will now write a SPARQL query to check if Chicago (wd:Q1297) is located in or next to the body of water Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169) using the property wdt:P206.

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly uses the ASK form to check if Chicago (wd:Q1297) is located at Lake Michigan (wd:Q1169) using the property 'located in or next to body of water' (wdt:P206). The query returns True, which matches the human-readable answer. The query follows the rules by returning identifiers and does not perform extra computation. The answer is correct and complete.