PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?album ?albumLabel WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q41076 .
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?albumLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 37 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                                                               | albumLabel                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Love Songs (wd:Q10320080)                                                           | Love Songs (en)                                                          |
| Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (wd:Q103861450) | Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (en) |
| The Remixes (wd:Q1063122)                                                           | The Remixes (en)                                                         |
| Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (wd:Q16740886)                               | Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (en)                              |
| Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464)                                         | Mariah Carey Collector's Set (en)                                        |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      |
| The Adventures of Mimi (wd:Q914182)                                                 | The Adventures of Mimi (en)                                              |
| E=MC² Adventure Box (wd:Q9249796)                                                   | E=MC² Adventure Box (en)                                                 |
| Merry Christmas II You (wd:Q941336)                                                 | Merry Christmas II You (en)                                              |
| The Ballads (wd:Q981082)                                                            | The Ballads (en)                                                         |
| The Rarities (wd:Q98479252)                                                         | The Rarities (en)                                                        |

Mariah Carey performs on 37 albums according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] On how many albums does Mariah Carey perform?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who wrote Harry Potter?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q8337 wdt:P50 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Harry Potter, also known as Harry Potter series (wd:Q8337): 1997–2007 fantasy book series by J. K. Rowling

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 2:
Question:
To which party does the mayor of Paris belong?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q90 wdt:P6 / wdt:P102 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Paris, also known as City of Love, Lutetia, City of Light (wd:Q90): capital city and largest city of France

Using properties:
member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson

Example 3:
Question:
What is the capital of Canada?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q16 wdt:P36 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as CA, CAN, Dominion of Canada, ISO 3166-1:CA (wd:Q16): country in North America

Using properties:
capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
The question is about the number of albums on which Mariah Carey performs. We need to identify the entity for Mariah Carey and the property that relates an artist to albums they perform on.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Mariah Carey" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mariah Carey, also known as Queen of Christmas, Mirage, Songbird Supreme, Reina de la navidad, Carey (wd:Q41076): American singer and songwriter (born 1969), music video director, singer-songwriter, recording artist, philanthropist, businessperson, film director, film producer, DJ producer, voice actor, entertainer, composer, singer, model, actor
2. Mariah Carey (wd:Q732845): 1990 debut studio album by Mariah Carey
3. WikiProject Mariah Carey (wd:Q21830328): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
4. Here Is Mariah Carey (wd:Q836551): VHS and DVD by Mariah Carey
5. The Essential Mariah Carey (wd:Q3235035): 2011 compilation album by Mariah Carey
6. M, also known as M By Mariah Carey (wd:Q690434): women's fragrance from Elizabeth Arden
7. Mariah Carey: DVD Collection (wd:Q3282698): album by Mariah Carey
8. Mariah Carey: Her Story (wd:Q131320674): book by the British writer Chris Nickson
9. Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464): album by Mariah Carey
10. Why Mariah Carey Matters (wd:Q131160633): book written by Andrew Chan

[Assistant] The entity for Mariah Carey as an American singer and songwriter is wd:Q41076. Now, we need to find the property that relates an artist to albums they perform on. Let's search for properties related to "perform" or "album" for the entity Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as wdt/p): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. Official Charts artist ID, also known as Official Charts ID (wd:P6559 as wdt/p): identifier for musical acts at Official Charts Company's website

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "discography" (wdt:P358) is related to the list of works (albums) of an artist. We can use this property to find albums related to Mariah Carey. Let's check the albums in Mariah Carey's discography.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| album      | albumLabel                    |
| ---------- | ----------------------------- |
| wd:Q263476 | Mariah Carey discography (en) |

[Assistant]
The property discography (wdt:P358) points to a single item "Mariah Carey discography" (wd:Q263476) which is a list page, not individual albums. We need to find another way to get the albums Mariah Carey performs on.

Let's try to find albums where Mariah Carey is listed as a performer or artist. We can search for properties related to "perform" or "artist" for the entity Mariah Carey.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
5. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt/p): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
6. voice type, also known as range of voice, register, tessitura, type of voice, vocal type (wd:P412 as wdt/p): person's voice type. expected values: soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass (and derivatives)
7. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. X (Twitter) username, also known as twitter.com/, X username, X handle, x.com/, X account (wd:P2002 as wdt/p): username on X (formerly Twitter); do not include the '@' symbol, website username or ID
10. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as wdt/p): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "perform" did not yield a direct property linking Mariah Carey to albums she performs on. Let's try searching for properties related to "artist" or "musician" for the entity Mariah Carey.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Genius artist ID, also known as Genius ID (wd:P2373 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist or label on Genius
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
4. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
5. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
6. SecondHandSongs artist ID, also known as SecondHandSongs ID, SHS artist ID (wd:P2909 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist or group in the SecondHandSongs database
7. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as wdt/p): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name
8. Laut.de artist ID (wd:P5356 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist on the Laut.de website
9. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
10. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as wdt/p): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "artist" did not yield a property linking Mariah Carey to albums she performs on either. Let's try a different approach: search for albums where Mariah Carey is listed as a performer or contributor. We can search for albums with the property "performer" or "contributor" having Mariah Carey as the value. Let's search for properties related to "performer" or "contributor" in general.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
5. number of representations, also known as shows, performances, number of shows, number of concerts, no. of shows (wd:P5027 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): number of shows (including the premiere) of a concert tour or a performing arts production
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
9. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
10. talk show guest, also known as show guest, podcast guest, participant in talk show, participant in podcast interview, interviewed person (wd:P5030 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person invited in a talk show, recorded participant

[Assistant] The property "performer" (wdt:P175) is used for actors, musicians, bands, or other performers associated with a creative work. We can use this property to find albums where Mariah Carey is a performer. Let's query for albums where Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) is the performer.

[Tool]
Got 37 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                                                               | albumLabel                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Love Songs (wd:Q10320080)                                                           | Love Songs (en)                                                          |
| Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (wd:Q103861450) | Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (en) |
| The Remixes (wd:Q1063122)                                                           | The Remixes (en)                                                         |
| Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (wd:Q16740886)                               | Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (en)                              |
| Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464)                                         | Mariah Carey Collector's Set (en)                                        |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      |
| The Adventures of Mimi (wd:Q914182)                                                 | The Adventures of Mimi (en)                                              |
| E=MC² Adventure Box (wd:Q9249796)                                                   | E=MC² Adventure Box (en)                                                 |
| Merry Christmas II You (wd:Q941336)                                                 | Merry Christmas II You (en)                                              |
| The Ballads (wd:Q981082)                                                            | The Ballads (en)                                                         |
| The Rarities (wd:Q98479252)                                                         | The Rarities (en)                                                        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves albums where Mariah Carey is a performer and filters for items that are instances of albums. The result count of 37 albums matches the answer provided. The query also optionally retrieves English labels for better readability. The answer is accurate and complete based on the data from Wikidata. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?character ?birth ?death ( YEAR( ?death ) - YEAR( ?birth ) AS ?lifespan ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?character {
    wd:Q1057918 wd:Q713701
  }
  ?character wdt:P569 ?birth ; wdt:P570 ?death .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?lifespan )

Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer than Sirius Black based on their birth and death dates.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who lives longer, series black or bellatrix Lestrange?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who is the oldest child of Meryl Streep?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q873 wdt:P40 ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P569 ?date .
}
ORDER BY ASC ( ?date )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Meryl Streep, also known as Meryl Louise Streep (wd:Q873): television producer, American actress, television actor, film producer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, actor

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception

Example 2:
Question:
Who wrote Harry Potter?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q8337 wdt:P50 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Harry Potter, also known as Harry Potter series (wd:Q8337): 1997–2007 fantasy book series by J. K. Rowling

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
In which country does the Nile start?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?res WHERE {
  wd:Q3392 wdt:P885 / wdt:P17 ?res .
}

Using entities:
Nile, also known as Bahr en Nīl, Nahr an Nil, Nahr an Nīl, Nile River, Nīl River (wd:Q3392): major river in northeastern Africa

Using properties:
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
origin of the watercourse, also known as headwaters, water source, water origin, water body origin, stream source (wd:P885 as wdt): main source of a river, stream or lake

[Assistant]
The question is asking who lives longer between "series black" and "Bellatrix Lestrange." I need to clarify the entities first:

1. "series black" is ambiguous. It could refer to a series or a character. I will search for "series black" in Wikidata to identify the correct entity.
2. Bellatrix Lestrange is a known character from the Harry Potter series, so I will search for Bellatrix Lestrange in Wikidata to get her entity.

After identifying the entities, I will look for their birth and death dates or lifespan to compare who lived longer.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. black series of Polish documentary, also known as black series, The Black Series, black series of the Polish documentary (wd:Q9197940): Polish film movement
2. Blacklist, also known as Black List, Blacklist GMM, Blacklist  GMMTV, Blacklist The Series (wd:Q96373677): 2019 Thai TV series
3. LG Black Label Series (wd:Q6458370): series of mobile phones manufactured by LG Electronics
4. Alma Negra, also known as Black Soul, Black soul (Chilean series) (wd:Q117278271): Chilean television series
5. Black Mirror, series 5, also known as Black Mirror, season 5 (wd:Q64495720): season of television series
6. Black Mirror, series 1, also known as Black Mirror, season 1 (wd:Q18029789): season of television series
7. Black Mirror, series 2, also known as Black Mirror, season 2 (wd:Q18029874): season of television series
8. Black Mirror, series 3, also known as Black Mirror, season 3 (wd:Q48443750): season of television series
9. Black Mirror, series 4, also known as Black Mirror, season 4 (wd:Q48443908): season of television series
10. Black Mirror, series 6, also known as Black Mirror, season 6 (wd:Q115902593): season of television series

[Assistant] The search for "series black" returned mostly TV series or seasons of TV series, not a person or character. Since the question is about who lives longer, it likely refers to a character named "Black" or something similar. I will try searching for "Black" as a character or person. Meanwhile, I have identified Bellatrix Lestrange as a character to look up. I will search for Bellatrix Lestrange now.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918): fictional character of the Harry Potter series, terrorist, magician, murderer
2. Bellatrix, also known as 24 Orionis, Gamma Orionis (wd:Q13066): star in the constellation Orion
3. Lestrange (wd:Q36864844): family name
4. Bellatrix, also known as Kolrassa Krókríðandi (wd:Q4883546): band
5. Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866): given name
6. Bellatrix (wd:Q129168077): French naval vessel
7. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7043465 (wd:Q106678075): ship built in 1971
8. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7820203 (wd:Q97996446): tugboat built in 1981
9. Lisbeth, also known as IMO 7233668, Thies, Carolina, Bellatrix (wd:Q115597773): ship built in 1972
10. Bellatrix (wd:Q103909859): shipwreck off the Scottish coast

[Assistant] I found the entity for Bellatrix Lestrange as a fictional character of the Harry Potter series (wd:Q1057918). Now I need to clarify what "series black" refers to in the context of a character or person. I will try searching for "Black" as a character in the Harry Potter series or related context to see if there is a relevant entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Alphard Black (wd:Q108338746)
2. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Elladora Black (wd:Q108338767)
3. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282)
4. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Walburga Black (wd:Q108338726)
5. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Regulus Black (wd:Q108032748)
6. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Orion Black (wd:Q108338710)
7. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Araminta Meliflua Black (wd:Q108338781)
8. Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Phineas Nigellus Black (wd:Q108338568)
9. Harry Potter, also known as Harry Potter series (wd:Q8337): 1997–2007 fantasy book series by J. K. Rowling
10. Harry Potter, also known as The Boy Who Lived, Harry James Potter (wd:Q3244512): main character of the book, film and video game series of the same name, Quidditch player, director, student, auror

[Assistant] There are multiple characters with the last name "Black" in the Harry Potter series. To answer the question "who lives longer, series black or Bellatrix Lestrange," it is likely referring to one of these Black family members. The most well-known Black family member is Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282). I will compare the lifespan of Sirius Black and Bellatrix Lestrange. I will now search for their birth and death dates.

[Tool]
Got 371 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                         | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | literary character (wd:Q3658341)                                                             |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | terrorist (wd:Q12414919)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                         |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Bellatrix Lestrange                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bellatrix%20Lestrange%20by%20Candra.jpg> |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Black family (wd:Q804258)                                                                    |
| ...                               | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                | property       | object                                                      |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | schema:name    | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (en) |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | rdf:type       | wikibase:Item                                               |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | rdfs:label     | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (en) |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | skos:prefLabel | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (en) |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | schema:name    | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (vi) |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | rdfs:label     | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (vi) |
| Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (wd:Q107724282) | skos:prefLabel | Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Sirius Black (vi) |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sirius Black, also known as Padfoot, Snuffles, Sirius Black III (wd:Q713701): fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, vigilante
2. Sirius Black I, also known as Sirius Black (wd:Q15269539): fictional character in the Harry Potter series
3. Sirius Black II (wd:Q15269521): fictional character of the Harry Potter series
4. black, also known as blackness (wd:Q23445): darkest color
5. Sirius, also known as 9 Canis Majoris, HD 48915 (wd:Q3409): binary star system in the constellation of Canis Major
6. Black, also known as Black, AL (wd:Q66825): town in Alabama, United States
7. Black (wd:Q504409): English pop singer (1962–2016), singer-songwriter, singer
8. Black (wd:Q515416): 2005 film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali
9. Black, also known as Black (2006 video game), Black (video game) (wd:Q880040): 2006 first-person shooter video game
10. Black, also known as Beulraek (wd:Q38226507): 2017 South Korean TV series

[Tool]
Got 396 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | animagus (wd:Q830248)                                                                         |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | vigilante (wd:Q3190387)                                                                       |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                            |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | given name (p:P735)              | s:Q713701-50493C2B-C763-43EC-AB19-18BDBE729026                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                           |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Sirius Black                                                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sirius%20Black%20fanart%20-%20Cor-Sa.jpg> |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                      |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                           |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Black family (wd:Q804258)                                                                     |
| ...                       | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                   | property                 | object                              |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | date of death (wdt:P570) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                           | property                 | object                              |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | date of death (wdt:P570) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I found the birth and death dates for both characters:
- Bellatrix Lestrange: born 1951-01-01, died 1998-05-02
- Sirius Black: born 1959-11-03, died 1996-06-18

I will now write a SPARQL query to compare their lifespans and determine who lived longer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified the two characters Bellatrix Lestrange and Sirius Black, retrieved their birth and death dates from Wikidata, and calculated their lifespans. The SPARQL query is well-formed and returns the expected results, showing that Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer (47 years) than Sirius Black (37 years). The answer is accurate and complete based on the data. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P463 wd:Q1065
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| country                            | countryLabel            |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Kingdom of Patones (wd:Q131839713) | Kingdom of Patones (en) |
| Palestine (wd:Q219060)             | Palestine (en)          |
| Vatican City (wd:Q237)             | Vatican City (en)       |
| German Empire (wd:Q43287)          | German Empire (en)      |

There are 4 sovereign states that have never been members of the United Nations according to Wikidata. These include:
- Kingdom of Patones (a historical or unrecognized entity)
- Palestine (an observer state at the UN)
- Vatican City (a non-member observer state at the UN)
- German Empire (a historical entity)

The property 'member of' (wdt:P463) is used to indicate UN membership, as there is no more specific property for this in Wikidata. The nuanced status of Palestine and Vatican City as observer states means they are not full UN members.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many countries have never been members of the UN?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who founded Intel?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q248 wdt:P112 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Intel, also known as INTC, Integrated Electronics, Integrated Electronics Corporation, INTEL CORPORATION (Santa Clara, CA), N M Electronics (wd:Q248): American multinational technology corporation, American multinational technology company

Using properties:
founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator

Example 2:
Question:
How deep is Lake Chiemsee?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?n WHERE {
  wd:Q4138 wdt:P4511 ?n
}

Using entities:
Chiemsee, also known as Chiem-see (wd:Q4138): freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany

Using properties:
vertical depth, also known as depth, oceandepth, lakedepth (wd:P4511 as wdt): vertical distance from a horizontal area to a point below. Compare with "horizontal depth" (P5524), length

Example 3:
Question:
Which other weapons did the designer of the Uzi develop?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q728 .
  wd:Q155644 wdt:P287 ?designer .
  ?uri wdt:P279 ?type ; wdt:P287 ?designer .
  FILTER ( ?uri != wd:Q155644 )
}

Using entities:
Uzi, also known as Uzi submachine gun (wd:Q155644): submachine gun
weapon, also known as arm, armament, arms, weapons (wd:Q728): tool intended or likely to inflict damage or harm

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
designed by, also known as architect, designer, has designer (wd:P287 as wdt): person or organization which designed the object, creator

[Assistant]
The question is about counting countries that have never been members of the United Nations (UN).

Step 1: Identify the entity for "country" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property that indicates membership in the United Nations.
Step 3: Query for countries that do not have the property indicating UN membership.
Step 4: Count the number of such countries.

I will start by searching for the entity "country" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Assistant]
The entity "country" in the sense of a distinct territorial body or political entity is wd:Q6256. Another relevant entity is "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078), which might be more precise for countries in the context of UN membership.

Next, I will search for the property that indicates membership in the United Nations. I will search for properties related to "United Nations membership."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. UN/LOCODE, also known as LOCCODE, LOCODE, UNECE location code, UNECE LOCODE, United Nations location code (wd:P1937 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): geographic location code maintained by UNECE
4. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
5. UN number, also known as UN code (wd:P695 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): four-digit number that identify hazardous substances and articles in the framework of international transport
6. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
7. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
8. union of, also known as exhaustive union of (wd:P2737 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): every instance of this class is an instance of at least one clas... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes
9. disjoint union of, also known as disjunction among, disjunction between, union of (wd:P2738 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): every instance of this class is an instance of exactly one class... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes, union of
10. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): some or all members of this group share the occupation

[Assistant]
The property "member of" (wdt:P463) is used to indicate membership in an organization. This property can be used to check if a country is a member of the United Nations (wd:Q1065).

Next, I will write a SPARQL query to find countries (wd:Q6256) that are not members of the United Nations (wd:Q1065) using the property "member of" (wdt:P463). Then I will count how many such countries exist.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 20 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies countries that are instances of 'country' (wd:Q6256) and filters out those that are members of the United Nations (wd:Q1065) using the property 'member of' (wdt:P463). However, the property 'member of' (P463) is not the most appropriate to represent UN membership. The more accurate property to represent membership in an international organization like the UN is 'member of international organization' (wdt:P463 is a general membership property, but there is no more specific property for UN membership). Alternatively, the property 'participant in' (wdt:P1344) or 'member of' might be used, but it is important to verify the correct property for UN membership in Wikidata. Also, the query does not consider entities that are countries but might not be recognized as such in Wikidata or might have different classifications. Furthermore, the query does not retrieve labels for the countries, which could be helpful for verification. Finally, the answer '20' should be verified against the latest data, as the number of countries not members of the UN can change. I recommend refining the query to ensure the correct property for UN membership is used and optionally retrieving the list of countries for manual verification.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query by verifying the correct property for UN membership and retrieving the list of countries that are not members of the UN along with their labels for verification.

First, I will check the properties used for UN membership by looking at the statements for the United Nations entity (wd:Q1065). This will help identify the correct property to use.

[Tool]
Got 2,155 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                        | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | instance of (wdt:P31)           | international organization (wd:Q484652)                                                                   |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | Commons category (wdt:P373)     | United Nations                                                                                |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | image (wdt:P18)                 | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/General%20Assembly%20of%20the%20United%20Nations.jpg> |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | part of (wdt:P361)              | United Nations System (wd:Q854218)                                                                        |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | inception (wdt:P571)            | 1945-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                       |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | short name (wdt:P1813)          | 🇺🇳 (zxx)                                                                                |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)          | International Court of Justice (wd:Q7801)                                                                 |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | described by source (wdt:P1343) | Red Blue Translator (wd:Q131935072)                                                                       |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | official name (wdt:P1448)       | Organisation des Nations unies (fr)                                                                       |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065) | official website (wdt:P856)     | <https://www.un.org/>                                                                                |
| ...                       | ...                             | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The properties listed for the United Nations entity do not directly indicate a specific property for membership. I will now check the properties used for a known country that is a member of the United Nations to see how UN membership is represented. I will pick a well-known country, for example, Germany (wd:Q183), and look for properties related to the United Nations.

[Tool]
Got 3,661 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property                        | object                                                                                |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | instance of (wdt:P31)           | country (wd:Q6256)                                                                                |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | country (wdt:P17)               | Germany (wd:Q183)                                                                                |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)  | POINT(10.000000 51.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                              |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | Commons category (wdt:P373)     | Germany                                                                                |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | image (wdt:P18)                 | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aerial%20view%20of%20Berlin%20%2832881394137%29.jpg> |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | population (wdt:P1082)          | 84358845 (xsd:decimal)                                                                                |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | inception (wdt:P571)            | 1949-05-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                      |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | described at URL (wdt:P973)     | <https://wikispooks.com/wiki/Germany>                                                                    |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | short name (wdt:P1813)          | Deutschland (de)                                                                                |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | described by source (wdt:P1343) | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                                 |
| ...               | ...                             | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I will now search for properties of Germany (wd:Q183) related to "United Nations" to identify how UN membership is represented.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. subreddit, also known as r/, reddit, Reddit community ID, Reddit forum, Reddit sub ID (wd:P3984 as wdt/p): name of the Reddit forum associated to this subject
2. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as wdt/p): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
3. M49 code, also known as ISO 3166-1 numeric code, UN M49 code, M.49 code (wd:P2082 as wdt/p): United Nations M49 code for the subject item
4. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as wdt/p): significant or notable events associated with the subject
5. The World Factbook country ID, also known as CIA World Factbook country ID, The World Factbook country identifier, World Factbook country ID (wd:P9948 as wdt/p): identifier for a country or territory in The World Factbook (Online)
6. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt/p): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
7. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as wdt/p): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
8. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as wdt/p): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
9. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as wdt/p): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property indicating membership in the United Nations for Germany (wd:Q183) or other countries. The property "member of" (wdt:P463) is a general membership property and might still be the best available option to check for UN membership.

To improve the query, I will:
- Use "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078) instead of "country" (wd:Q6256) for more precise classification.
- Use "member of" (wdt:P463) for UN membership.
- Retrieve the list of countries that are not members of the UN along with their labels for verification.

I will now construct and execute this refined query.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| country                            | countryLabel            |
| ---------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Kingdom of Patones (wd:Q131839713) | Kingdom of Patones (en) |
| Palestine (wd:Q219060)             | Palestine (en)          |
| Vatican City (wd:Q237)             | Vatican City (en)       |
| German Empire (wd:Q43287)          | German Empire (en)      |

[Assistant]
The refined query returned 4 entities classified as sovereign states that are not members of the United Nations. Among them, "Kingdom of Patones" and "German Empire" are historical or unrecognized entities, while "Palestine" and "Vatican City" are known entities with special status regarding UN membership.

The previous count of 20 countries might have included other entities classified as countries but not sovereign states or historical entities.

I will now count these entities to provide the final answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 4 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies sovereign states that are not members of the United Nations by checking for entities of type 'sovereign state' (wd:Q3624078) and filtering out those with membership in the UN (wd:Q1065). However, the query uses the property 'member of' (wdt:P463) which is not the most precise property for UN membership. The more appropriate property to check UN membership is 'member of' (wdt:P463) is generally used for groups, but for organizations like the UN, 'member of' is acceptable. Still, it would be better to verify if there is a more specific property like 'member of international organization' or 'member state of' for the UN. Also, the query does not retrieve the actual countries/entities that are not members, only the count. Since the user asked 'How many countries have never been members of the UN?', the count is sufficient, but it might be helpful to also provide the list of those countries for completeness and verification. Additionally, the explanation mentions Palestine and Vatican City, but Palestine is an observer state and Vatican City is a non-member observer state; their status might be nuanced and should be clarified. Overall, the answer is correct but could be improved by clarifying the membership property and optionally listing the countries.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. To address the points:

- The property "member of" (wdt:P463) is the best available property to represent UN membership in Wikidata, as there is no more specific property for UN membership.
- I will clarify the nuanced status of entities like Palestine and Vatican City as observer or non-member observer states.
- I will provide both the count and the list of these entities for completeness and verification.

I will now provide the final answer including these clarifications and the list of countries/entities that have never been members of the UN.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?notableWork ?notableWorkLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q76641 wdt:P800 ?notableWork .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?notableWork rdfs:label ?notableWorkLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?notableWorkLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| notableWork                                                 | notableWorkLabel                                   |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Beltrami–Klein model (wd:Q1189065)                          | Beltrami–Klein model (en)                          |
| Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (wd:Q1346193) | Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (en) |
| Klein bottle (wd:Q23638)                                    | Klein bottle (en)                                  |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296)                               | Erlangen program (en)                              |
| Mathematische Annalen (wd:Q703577)                          | Mathematische Annalen (en)                         |

Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) is a German mathematician who has the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) listed as one of his notable works in Wikidata. Therefore, Felix Klein is the author of the Erlangen program.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who wrote the Erlangen program?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which holidays are celebrated around the world?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q1445650 .
  ?uri wdt:P31 ?type .
}

Using entities:
holiday, also known as observances, Praznik, popular festival, observance, holidays (wd:Q1445650): festive day set aside by custom or by law

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
How tall is Michael Jordan?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?val WHERE {
  wd:Q41421 wdt:P2048 ?val .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jordan, also known as His Airness, Air Jordan (wd:Q41421): American basketball player and businessman (born 1963), basketball player, baseball player, autobiographer, spokesperson, entrepreneur

Using properties:
height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as wdt): vertical length of an entity, length

Example 3:
Question:
Which holidays are celebrated around the world?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q1445650 .
}

Using entities:
holiday, also known as observances, Praznik, popular festival, observance, holidays (wd:Q1445650): festive day set aside by custom or by law

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] The examples did not directly relate to authorship or mathematical programs, so I will now search for the entity "Erlangen program" in Wikidata to identify its identifier and related information.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. computer program, also known as program, software program (wd:Q40056): sequence of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task with a computer
3. Erlangen, also known as Medical Valley (wd:Q3126): city in Bavaria, Germany
4. project, also known as effort, program, programme (wd:Q170584): collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
5. plan, also known as plans, program, programme (wd:Q1371819): outline of a strategy for achievement of an objective
6. programme, also known as program (wd:Q1508646): informational booklet given out before a live event
7. The Program, also known as Icon, Program (wd:Q15615185): 2015 film
8. educational program, also known as programme, program, educational programme (wd:Q5341296): program written by the institution of education which determines the learning progress of individuals
9. Erlangen, also known as Erlangen station (wd:Q800737): railway halt in the urban district of Erlangen, Middle Franconia, Germany
10. The Program, also known as Program (wd:Q826289): 1993 film by David S. Ward

[Assistant] The Erlangen program is identified as wd:Q315296 in Wikidata. Now, I will search for the property related to "author" or "written by" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
2. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
4. Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID, also known as Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wd:P9621 as wdt/p): identifier for a topic in Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica, an Italian encyclopedia regarding mathematics
5. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
6. ProofWiki ID, also known as Proof Wiki ID (wd:P6781 as wdt/p): identifier for a ProofWiki article
7. Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID, also known as Encyclopedia of China ID (Third Edition) (wd:P10565 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition)
8. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for a direct "author" or "written by" property for the Erlangen program entity did not yield a clear property. I will now try searching for properties related to "author" or "creator" more generally in Wikidata to find the appropriate property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant] There is a property "author" (wdt:P50) which is described as the main creator(s) of a written work. There is also a property "theorized by" (wdt:P8403) which is described as the subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention. Since the Erlangen program is a research program (concept), "theorized by" might be more appropriate. I will now query the Erlangen program entity for the "theorized by" property to find who wrote it.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property "theorized by" did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try the "author" property (wdt:P50) to see if it has any values for the Erlangen program.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The "author" property also did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try the "creator" property (wdt:P170) which is a more general property for the maker of a creative work.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The "creator" property also did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try to find the author by searching for the Erlangen program in Wikidata and checking the statements for any relevant properties related to authorship or proposers.

[Tool]
Got 128 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                                | object                              |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                   | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                  | /m/01k8tb                           |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Microsoft Academic ID (wdtn:P6366)                      | <https://makg.org/entity/111593780> |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wdt:P1417)           | topic/Erlanger-program              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Lex ID (wdt:P8313)                                      | Erlangen-programmet                 |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wdt:P10565)   | 318393                              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | nLab ID (wdt:P4215)                                     | Erlangen program                    |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | ProofWiki ID (wdt:P6781)                                | Definition:Erlangen_Program         |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wdt:P9621) | programma-di-erlangen               |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | wdt:P31279                                              | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| ...                           | ...                                                     | ...                                 |

[Assistant] The properties listed for the Erlangen program do not include a direct author or creator property. I will now try to find the person who proposed or is associated with the Erlangen program by searching for the "Erlangen program" and "author" or "proposer" in Wikidata. I will search for entities related to "Erlangen program author" to see if there is a known person linked to it.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. Code stylometry, also known as program authorship attribution, source code authorship analysis (wd:Q56275944): application of stylometry to computer code
3. Program test authority (wd:Q7248436): after a construction permit but before a broadcast license
4. Authoritative Recommendations Program (wd:Q119013299): publication published in 2022
5. Authorized Program Analysis Report, also known as APAR (wd:Q48803269): An APAR (Authorized Program Analysis Report) is an IBM designati... to identify situations that could result in potential problems.
6. Microsoft Authorized Refurbisher Program, also known as MAR (wd:Q15835159): program by Microsoft
7. Book and Author Programme (wd:Q131933547)
8. Computer program detects author gender (wd:Q128190724): scholarly article
9. Authoritative Recommendations Program (superseded) (wd:Q66475694): superseded NIOSH program performance one-pager published in 2018
10. Authoritative Recommendations Program (superseded) (wd:Q112236315): superseded publication published in 2021

[Assistant] The search for "Erlangen program author" did not return a specific person entity. I will now try to find the person who proposed the Erlangen program by searching for "Erlangen program proposer" or "Erlangen program mathematician" to identify the mathematician associated with it.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. mathematician (wd:Q170790): person with an extensive knowledge of mathematics
3. computer program, also known as program, software program (wd:Q40056): sequence of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task with a computer
4. Erlangen, also known as Medical Valley (wd:Q3126): city in Bavaria, Germany
5. project, also known as effort, program, programme (wd:Q170584): collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
6. plan, also known as plans, program, programme (wd:Q1371819): outline of a strategy for achievement of an objective
7. programme, also known as program (wd:Q1508646): informational booklet given out before a live event
8. The Program, also known as Icon, Program (wd:Q15615185): 2015 film
9. educational program, also known as programme, program, educational programme (wd:Q5341296): program written by the institution of education which determines the learning progress of individuals
10. Erlangen, also known as Erlangen station (wd:Q800737): railway halt in the urban district of Erlangen, Middle Franconia, Germany

[Assistant] The search for "Erlangen program mathematician" returned the Erlangen program itself and the general mathematician entity. I will now try to find the person who proposed the Erlangen program by searching for the property "proposer" or "proposed by" for the Erlangen program entity. I will try the property "proposed by" (wdt:P1435) which is sometimes used for proposals.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property "proposed by" did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try the property "named after" (wdt:P138) to see if the Erlangen program is named after a person who might be its author.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property "named after" did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try to find the author by querying for any person linked to the Erlangen program through any property. I will look for triples where the Erlangen program is the subject and the object is a person (instance of human).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct links from the Erlangen program to a person entity in Wikidata. I will now try to find the author by searching for the Erlangen program in Wikidata and checking the description or related entities for the name of the person who wrote it. I will query the label and description of the Erlangen program.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| label                 | description                                         |
| --------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (en) | research program on the symmetries of geometry (en) |

[Assistant] The description of the Erlangen program does not mention the author. I will now try to find the author by searching for the Erlangen program in Wikidata and checking the Wikipedia page linked to it, as it might contain the author's name. I will query the sitelinks for the Erlangen program.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There is no direct Wikipedia article linked to the Erlangen program in Wikidata. I will now try to find the author by searching for the Erlangen program in Wikidata and checking the "described by source" property (wdt:P1343) which might link to a source mentioning the author.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The "described by source" property did not return any results for the Erlangen program. I will now try to find the author by searching for the Erlangen program in Wikidata and checking the "main subject" property (wdt:P921) for any person entities linked to it.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no person entities linked to the Erlangen program through the "main subject" property. Since the Erlangen program is a well-known mathematical research program, I will now try to find the mathematician associated with it by searching for "Erlangen program" and "Felix Klein" in Wikidata, as Felix Klein is historically known to have written the Erlangen program.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Felix Klein, also known as Felix Christian Klein, F. Klein, Christian Felix Klein (wd:Q76641): German mathematician, author of the Erlangen Program (1849-1925), historian of mathematics, university teacher, mathematician, politician, publisher
2. Félix Klein (wd:Q16750728): Catholic priest, French priest
3. Felix Klein (wd:Q52062894): diplomat, jurist
4. Felix Klein (wd:Q106618632): photograph by Georg Brokesch
5. Felix Klein (wd:Q120614781): German film producer, film producer
6. Felix Klein (wd:Q27526592): chess player
7. Felix Klein (wd:Q95319364)
8. Felix Klein, also known as F. Klein (wd:Q58181951): researcher, ORCID id # 0000-0002-3680-4735, researcher
9. Félix Klein (wd:Q133262954): Holocaust victim
10. Felix Klein Prize (wd:Q1403571)

[Assistant] The entity Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) is described as a German mathematician and author of the Erlangen Program. I will now confirm this by querying if Felix Klein is linked to the Erlangen program as its author or proposer. I will check if Felix Klein is linked to the Erlangen program by the property "author" (wdt:P50) or "theorized by" (wdt:P8403).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There is no direct link from the Erlangen program to Felix Klein using the properties "author" or "theorized by". I will now check if Felix Klein is linked to the Erlangen program using the property "notable work" (wdt:P800). I will query if Felix Klein has the Erlangen program as a notable work.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| notableWork                   |
| ----------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query used the property wdt:P50 (author) to find the author of the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296), but it returned no results. This suggests that the Erlangen program item in Wikidata does not have a direct author property set. Instead, the author might be linked through a different property or the Erlangen program might be represented as a concept rather than a specific written work. To improve, try querying for notable works or creators related to Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) or check other properties that might link the Erlangen program to its author. Also, consider querying for Felix Klein's notable works to confirm the connection. The current approach does not yield an answer and needs to be reworked.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will improve the approach by focusing on Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) and querying his notable works to confirm if the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) is among them. This will help establish the connection from the author to the work rather than from the work to the author. I will also check other properties related to Felix Klein that might link him to the Erlangen program.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| notableWork                                                 | notableWorkLabel                                   |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Beltrami–Klein model (wd:Q1189065)                          | Beltrami–Klein model (en)                          |
| Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (wd:Q1346193) | Klein's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Sciences (en) |
| Klein bottle (wd:Q23638)                                    | Klein bottle (en)                                  |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296)                               | Erlangen program (en)                              |
| Mathematische Annalen (wd:Q703577)                          | Mathematische Annalen (en)                         |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified Felix Klein as the author of the Erlangen program by querying his notable works and finding the Erlangen program among them. The SPARQL query is appropriate and returns the expected results, including the Erlangen program as one of Felix Klein's notable works. The answer is accurate and complete based on the data from Wikidata.