PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?author ?authorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q3521239 wdt:P50 ?author .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author rdfs:label ?authorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?authorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The author of The Hellbound Heart is Clive Barker.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who's the author of The Hellbound Heart ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which television shows were created by John Cleese?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 .
  {
    ?uri wdt:P170 wd:Q25014 .
  } UNION {
    ?uri wdt:P170 / wdt:P527 wd:Q25014 .
  }
}

Using entities:
John Cleese, also known as John Marwood Cleese (wd:Q25014): English comedian and actor (born 1939), television actor, autobiographer, film producer, film director, screenwriter, stage actor, voice actor, film actor, comedian, writer, actor
television series, also known as TV show, TV-series, television show, TV series (wd:Q5398426): connected set of television program episodes under the same title

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).

Example 2:
Question:
Give me the runtime of Toy Story.

SPARQL:
SELECT ?val WHERE {
  wd:Q171048 wdt:P2047 ?val .
}

Using entities:
Toy Story, also known as Toy Story 1 (wd:Q171048): 1995 American animated film

Using properties:
duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as wdt): length of time of an event or process

Example 3:
Question:
How many languages are spoken in Turkmenistan?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?c ) WHERE {
  wd:Q874 wdt:P2936 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Turkmenistan, also known as TKM, tm, Turkmenia (wd:Q874): country in Central Asia

Using properties:
language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation

[Assistant]
The question is "Who's the author of The Hellbound Heart?" We need to find the entity for "The Hellbound Heart" and then find the property that relates it to its author.

Step 1: Search for the entity "The Hellbound Heart" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Hellbound Heart (wd:Q3521239): novella by Clive Barker
2. The Hellbound Heart (wd:Q131862610): 2008 HarperVoyager edition
3. Holiday Peak, also known as The Heart (wd:Q5880456): mountain in the Antarctic
4. The Heart, also known as Heart, Kokoro (wd:Q19567789): 1955 Japanese film directed by Kon Ichikawa
5. Das Herz, also known as The Heart (wd:Q49139357): opera by Hans Pfitzner
6. The Heart (wd:Q110895729): film by Kaneto Shindo
7. The Heart (wd:Q124421885): work by Hippocrates
8. The Heart, also known as Hjärtat (wd:Q10524935): 1987 film
9. The Heart, also known as Srdce (wd:Q12055804): opera by Josef Bohuslav Foerster
10. The Heart, also known as Hjärtat (wd:Q61672477): 2018 film

[Assistant] The Hellbound Heart is identified as a novella by Clive Barker (wd:Q3521239). Now, let's find the property that relates this novella to its author. We will search for properties of the entity "The Hellbound Heart" related to authorship or creator.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt/p): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
2. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, comic book publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house (wd:P123 as wdt/p): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
3. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdt/p): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
4. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as wdt/p): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
5. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
6. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
7. Open Library ID, also known as Open Library book ID, OpenLibrary work ID, Open Library work ID, OpenLibrary identifier, Open Library identifier (wd:P648 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
8. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as wdt/p): structure of a creative work
9. has edition or translation, also known as version, translation(s), released as, modified as, has version (wd:P747 as wdt/p): item that is an edition or translation of this item
10. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as wdt/p): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "author" (wdt:P50) is the main creator(s) of a written work. We can use this property to find the author of "The Hellbound Heart" (wd:Q3521239).

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to get the author of "The Hellbound Heart."

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the author of 'The Hellbound Heart' using the property wdt:P50 (author). The query returns the author's identifier and English label, which matches the user's question. The answer 'Clive Barker' is accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?manufacturer WHERE {
  wd:Q388973 wdt:P176 ?manufacturer .
}

After Eight is manufactured by Nestlé, not Unilever.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is After Eight manufactured by Unilever?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which companies produce hovercrafts?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?hovercraft wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q185757 ; wdt:P176 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
hovercraft, also known as ACV, air-cushion vehicle (wd:Q185757): vehicle capable of movement within ground effect at speed or stationary over all surfaces without contact

Using properties:
manufacturer, also known as manufactured by, provider, provided by, product of, producer (wd:P176 as wdt): (main or final) manufacturer or producer of this product
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
What is the timezone in San Pedro de Atacama?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q187893 wdt:P421 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
San Pedro de Atacama (wd:Q187893): town in Chile

Using properties:
located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as wdt): time zone for this item

Example 3:
Question:
List the seven kings of Rome.

SPARQL:
SELECT * WHERE {
  ?res wdt:P39 wd:Q55375123 .
}

Using entities:
King of Rome, also known as Rex, rex Romae (wd:Q55375123): the chief magistrate of the ancient Roman Kingdom (for the medieval German title, use Q782985)

Using properties:
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that the property "manufacturer" (wdt:P176) is used to indicate the manufacturer or producer of a product. I will now search for the entity "After Eight" to find its identifier in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. After Eight, also known as After Eight mint chocolate (wd:Q388973): chocolate brand of Nestle
2. Polar Bear, also known as After Eight, Peppermint Paddy (wd:Q7209010): mint chocolate cocktail
3. After Eight (wd:Q60786577): 1982 debut studio album by Taco
4. Dahlia 'Twyning's After Eight', also known as Twyning's After Eight (wd:Q83544826): Dahlia cultivar
5. 8 Man After, also known as Eightman After (wd:Q115948406): 1993 original video animation series
6. DeltaD, also known as after eight protein, delta-like protein D, dld, aei (wd:Q29825141): protein found in Danio rerio
7. Quarter After Eight (wd:Q15762559): journal
8. Twelve after Eight (wd:Q131628059): journal article from 'Journal of Medical Humanities' published in 2015
9. Chernobyl: eight years after (wd:Q56608399): scientific article published on 01 October 1994
10. After Eighty Study (wd:Q63818230): clinical trial

[Assistant] The entity "After Eight" as a chocolate brand is identified as wd:Q388973 in Wikidata. Next, I will check the manufacturer (property wdt:P176) of After Eight (wd:Q388973) to see if it is Unilever.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Unilever (wd:Q157062): British multinational consumer goods company
2. Unilever, also known as UNVR, Unilever Tbk, Lever Zeepfabrieken N.V., PT Unilever  Tbk (wd:Q7885208): British company in
3. Unilever Headquarters, also known as Unilever, Weena 455 (wd:Q125679337): office building at Weena 455, Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
4. T.H. Estabrooks Co. Ltd., also known as Brooke Bond, Unilever (wd:Q116708935): Canadian business.
5. Hindustan Unilever, also known as Unilever (India), HUL, Hindustan Unilever Limited (wd:Q1619376): Indian consumer goods company
6. Unilever House (wd:Q2494434): grade II listed office building in City of London, United kingdom
7. Unilever Philippines, also known as Unilever (Philippines) (wd:Q18159894): Philippine subsidiary of Unilever
8. Unilever Pakistan, also known as Unilever Pakistan Limited (wd:Q7885211): Pakistani subsidiary of a foreign company
9. Unilever Gloucester, also known as Walls Ice Cream Factory (wd:Q96412295): food manufacturing site in Gloucester, England, UK
10. Unilever (Bydgoszcz) (wd:Q25415517): business enterprise

[Assistant] The entity "Unilever" is identified as wd:Q157062 in Wikidata. Now I will check if After Eight (wd:Q388973) has Unilever (wd:Q157062) as its manufacturer using the property manufacturer (wdt:P176).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| manufacturer        |
| ------------------- |
| Nestlé (wd:Q160746) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified that After Eight is manufactured by Nestlé and not Unilever. The SPARQL query is appropriate, querying the manufacturer (wdt:P176) of After Eight (wd:Q388973) and returning the correct manufacturer entity. The answer is accurate and complete based on the query results. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?business ?businessLabel WHERE {
  ?business wdt:P112 wd:Q317521 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?business rdfs:label ?businessLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?businessLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 14 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| business                                                | businessLabel                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Texas Institute of Technology & Science (wd:Q109332244) | Texas Institute of Technology & Science (en) |
| Thud (wd:Q115815194)                                    | Thud (en)                                    |
| X Corp. (wd:Q117617480)                                 | X Corp. (en)                                 |
| X Holdings Corp (wd:Q117705742)                         | X Holdings Corp (en)                         |
| xAI (wd:Q120599684)                                     | xAI (en)                                     |
| ...                                                     | ...                                          |
| Zip2 (wd:Q28222602)                                     | Zip2 (en)                                    |
| The Boring Company (wd:Q28874479)                       | The Boring Company (en)                      |
| Neuralink (wd:Q29043471)                                | Neuralink (en)                               |
| X.com (wd:Q30686532)                                    | X.com (en)                                   |
| PayPal (wd:Q483959)                                     | PayPal (en)                                  |

The businesses founded by the person in charge (CEO) of Tesla, Elon Musk, are: Texas Institute of Technology & Science, Thud, X Corp., X Holdings Corp, xAI, Zip2, The Boring Company, Neuralink, X.com, and PayPal among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which businesses are founded by the person in charge of Tesla?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who is the president of Eritrea?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q986 wdt:P35 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Eritrea, also known as er, ERI, Ertrā, IRI, Iritriyā (wd:Q986): country in the Horn of Africa

Using properties:
head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, monarch, president, queen (wd:P35 as wdt): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state, director / manager, chairperson

Example 2:
Question:
When was the last episode of the TV series Friends aired?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q79784 wdt:P582 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Friends, also known as F.R.I.E.N.D.S, F.R.I.E.N.D.S. (wd:Q79784): American sitcom (1994–2004)

Using properties:
end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as wdt): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time

Example 3:
Question:
Give me all soccer clubs in Spain.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q476028 .
  ?uri wdt:P17 wd:Q29 .
}

Using entities:
Spain, also known as Kingdom of Spain (wd:Q29): country in southwestern Europe with territories in Africa
association football club, also known as association soccer club, F.C., FC, football club, soccer club (wd:Q476028): sports club devoted to association football (soccer)

Using properties:
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find the person in charge of Tesla, we can look for the "head of" or "CEO" property related to Tesla. Then, to find businesses founded by that person, we can look for the "founder" property related to the person.

Step 1: Identify the entity for Tesla.
Step 2: Find the person in charge of Tesla (e.g., CEO or head of the company).
Step 3: Find businesses founded by that person.

I will start by searching for the entity for Tesla.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nikola Tesla, also known as Tesla, Nicola Tesla (wd:Q9036): Serbian-American inventor (1856–1943), mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, electrician, physicist, futurist, inventor
2. Tesla, Inc., also known as Tesla, Tesla Inc. (wd:Q478214): American automotive, energy storage and solar power company
3. tesla, also known as T (wd:Q163343): SI unit of magnetic flux density
4. Tesla (wd:Q1428953): American hard rock band
5. Nvidia Tesla, also known as NVidia Tesla, NVIDIA Tesla, Tesla (wd:Q16258100): Nvidia's brand name for their products targeting stream processing and/or general purpose GPU
6. Tesla (wd:Q88053410): 2020 film directed by Michael Almereyda
7. Tesla (wd:Q2406220): lunar crater
8. Tesla, also known as TESLA, Tesla (Czech Republic) (wd:Q1548225): Czech manufacturer of electronical and electrical equipment (est.1991)
9. Tesla, also known as NVIDIA Tesla, Nvidia Tesla, NVidia Tesla (wd:Q1050485): GPU microarchitecture designed by NVIDIA
10. Tesla, also known as Tesla, West Virginia, Tesla, WV (wd:Q7705502): unincorporated community in Braxton County, West Virginia

[Assistant]
The entity for Tesla, Inc. (the American automotive, energy storage, and solar power company) is wd:Q478214.

Next, I will find the person in charge of Tesla, Inc. by searching for properties related to "head" or "CEO" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as wdt/p): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
2. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt/p): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
3. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as wdt/p): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. FAST ID, also known as Faceted Application of Subject Terminology ID, FAST subject heading, fst, worldcat.org/fast (wd:P2163 as wdt/wdtn/p): authority control identifier in WorldCat's “FAST Linked Data” authority file
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
8. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
9. official name, also known as long title, name, official title, registered name, full title (wd:P1448 as wdt/p): official name of the subject in its official language(s), name
10. has subsidiary, also known as subordinate body, subsidiary body, subordinate unit, subsidiary, subsidiary company (wd:P355 as wdt/p): subsidiary of a company or organization; generally a fully owned...siness division" (P199). Opposite of parent organization (P749)., has part(s), owner of

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "chairperson" (wdt:P488) seems to be the most relevant for the person in charge of Tesla, Inc.

Next, I will find the chairperson of Tesla, Inc. using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| person                       | personLabel        |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Robyn Denholm (wd:Q58345040) | Robyn Denholm (en) |

[Assistant]
The current chairperson of Tesla, Inc. is Robyn Denholm (wd:Q58345040).

Now, I will find the businesses founded by Robyn Denholm by searching for entities where she is listed as the founder. The property for founder is usually "founder" (wdt:P112). I will check if this property is appropriate for this person.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as wdt/p): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
7. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
8. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as wdt/p): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, affiliation
9. family name, also known as clan name, last name, surname (wd:P734 as wdt/p): part of full name of person, name
10. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant]
It seems that the property "founder" (wdt:P112) is not listed as a property for Robyn Denholm. This might mean that there is no information about businesses founded by her in Wikidata.

I will try to find businesses where Robyn Denholm is listed as a founder by querying for entities with the founder property set to her.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There are no businesses listed in Wikidata that are founded by Robyn Denholm.

I will now check if there is another person in charge of Tesla, Inc., such as the CEO, who might have founded businesses. I will search for properties related to "CEO" for Tesla, Inc.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. chief executive officer, also known as executive director, CEO, chief executive (wd:P169 as wdt/p): highest-ranking corporate officer appointed as the CEO within an organization, director / manager, corporate officer
2. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as wdt/p): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
3. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as wdt/p): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
4. board member, also known as member of the board, member of the board of directors (wd:P3320 as wdt/p): member(s) of the board for the organization
5. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt/p): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
6. owned by, also known as belongs to, stockholders, stockholder, shareholders, shareholder (wd:P127 as wdt/p): owner of the subject
7. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
8. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as wdt/p): entities owned by the subject
9. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
10. has subsidiary, also known as subordinate body, subsidiary body, subordinate unit, subsidiary, subsidiary company (wd:P355 as wdt/p): subsidiary of a company or organization; generally a fully owned...siness division" (P199). Opposite of parent organization (P749)., has part(s), owner of

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "chief executive officer" (wdt:P169) is the relevant property for the CEO of Tesla, Inc.

I will now find the CEO of Tesla, Inc. using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| person                 | personLabel    |
| ---------------------- | -------------- |
| Elon Musk (wd:Q317521) | Elon Musk (en) |

[Assistant]
The CEO of Tesla, Inc. is Elon Musk (wd:Q317521).

Next, I will find the businesses founded by Elon Musk by searching for entities where he is listed as the founder (using the property "founder" wdt:P112).

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| business                                                | businessLabel                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Texas Institute of Technology & Science (wd:Q109332244) | Texas Institute of Technology & Science (en) |
| Thud (wd:Q115815194)                                    | Thud (en)                                    |
| X Corp. (wd:Q117617480)                                 | X Corp. (en)                                 |
| X Holdings Corp (wd:Q117705742)                         | X Holdings Corp (en)                         |
| xAI (wd:Q120599684)                                     | xAI (en)                                     |
| ...                                                     | ...                                          |
| Zip2 (wd:Q28222602)                                     | Zip2 (en)                                    |
| The Boring Company (wd:Q28874479)                       | The Boring Company (en)                      |
| Neuralink (wd:Q29043471)                                | Neuralink (en)                               |
| X.com (wd:Q30686532)                                    | X.com (en)                                   |
| PayPal (wd:Q483959)                                     | PayPal (en)                                  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves businesses founded by Elon Musk, who is the person in charge (CEO) of Tesla. The query uses the property 'founded by' (wdt:P112) with Elon Musk's identifier (wd:Q317521) to find all organizations he founded. The answer lists relevant businesses founded by him, matching the query results. The query also optionally retrieves English labels for readability. The output is accurate, complete, and follows the rules for SPARQL queries. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?genre ?genreLabel ( STRLEN( ?genreLabel ) AS ?labelLength ) WHERE {
  wd:Q68061 wdt:P136 ?genre .
  ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?genreLabel ) = "en" )
}
ORDER BY ?labelLength
LIMIT 1

The genre that Cage the Elephant belongs to with the fewest English characters is "blues" with 5 characters.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which genre that Cage the Elephant belongs to has the fewest english characters?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
When did the Ming dynasty dissolve?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q9903 wdt:P576 ?date .
}

Using entities:
Ming dynasty, also known as Ming period, Ming imperium, Ming China, Ming-era, Ming Empire (wd:Q9903): imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644

Using properties:
dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

Example 2:
Question:
What is the total population of Melbourne, Florida?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?val WHERE {
  wd:Q949779 wdt:P1082 ?val .
}

Using entities:
Melbourne, also known as Melbourne, FL, Melbourne, Florida (wd:Q949779): city in Brevard County, Florida, United States of America

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject

Example 3:
Question:
What country is Mount Everest in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q513 wdt:P17 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Mount Everest, also known as Chomolungma, Chomolangma, Zhumulangma, World highest peak, Sagarmāthā (wd:Q513): Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas

Using properties:
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
Step 1: Identify the entity for "Cage the Elephant."
Step 2: Identify the property that links "Cage the Elephant" to its genres.
Step 3: Retrieve the genres of "Cage the Elephant."
Step 4: Find the genre with the fewest English characters in its label.

I will start by searching for the entity "Cage the Elephant" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cage the Elephant (wd:Q68061): American rock band from Bowling Green, Kentucky
2. Cage the Elephant (wd:Q1950243): debut album by the American rock band Cage the Elephant
3. The Cage, also known as Cage, Cage, The, Pilot: The Cage (wd:Q20909): 1986 episode of Star Trek: The Original Series directed by Robert Butler
4. The Cage, also known as La Cage (wd:Q3206978): 1975 film by Pierre Granier-Deferre
5. The Cage, also known as Cage (wd:Q41016691): 2017 film by Akram Khan
6. The Cage, also known as Cage, La Cage (wd:Q7720935): 1963 film by Robert Darène
7. West Fourth Street Courts, also known as West 4th Street Courts, The Cage (wd:Q7985184): athletic venue in Manhattan, New York
8. The Cage (wd:Q3520180): album by Tygers of Pan Tang
9. The Elephant (wd:Q31645050): hill in New Zealand
10. The Cage, also known as Colivia (wd:Q29581150): Romanian film

[Assistant] The entity "Cage the Elephant" is wd:Q68061, which is an American rock band. Next, I will search for the property that links this band to its genres. I will search for properties related to "genre" for the entity wd:Q68061.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
2. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
3. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
6. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
9. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
10. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos

No other items found

[Assistant] The property that links "Cage the Elephant" to its genres is "genre" (wdt:P136). Now I will write a SPARQL query to get the genres of "Cage the Elephant" along with their English labels and the length of these labels. Then I will order the results by the length of the label in ascending order to find the genre with the fewest English characters.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| genre            | genreLabel | labelLength |
| ---------------- | ---------- | ----------- |
| blues (wd:Q9759) | blues (en) | 5 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the genres associated with Cage the Elephant and orders them by the length of their English labels, returning the genre with the fewest characters. The answer 'blues' with 5 characters is accurate and matches the query result. The query respects the requirement to return identifiers and labels, filters for English labels, and orders by label length. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?timePeriod ?timePeriodLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q56274847 wdt:P2348 ?timePeriod .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?timePeriod rdfs:label ?timePeriodLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?timePeriodLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| timePeriod          | timePeriodLabel |
| ------------------- | --------------- |
| Miocene (wd:Q76267) | Miocene (en)    |

The first sperm whales, represented by the macroraptorial sperm whale, existed during the Miocene epoch, which lasted from about 23 million to 5.3 million years ago.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When did the first sperm whales exist?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Where did Abraham Lincoln die?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q91 wdt:P20 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Abraham Lincoln, also known as President Lincoln, Uncle Abe, Honest Abe, Abe Lincoln (wd:Q91): president of the United States from 1861 to 1865, military officer, statesperson, postmaster, politician, farmer, writer, lawyer

Using properties:
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 2:
Question:
Where does Piccadilly start?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q1124023 wdt:P559 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Piccadilly (wd:Q1124023): road in the City of Westminster, London, England

Using properties:
terminus, also known as end point, terminating connection, termini, terminuses, trailhead (wd:P559 as wdt): the feature (intersecting road, train station, etc.) at the end of a linear feature

Example 3:
Question:
Which museum exhibits The Scream by Munch?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q471379 wdt:P527 / wdt:P276 ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q207694
}

Using entities:
art museum, also known as museums of art, museum of art, art museums (wd:Q207694): building or space for the exhibition of art (for institution, use Q3196771)
The Scream, also known as Scream (wd:Q471379): group of paintings by Edvard Munch

Using properties:
location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).

[Assistant]
The question is about the time period when the first sperm whales existed. This likely relates to the origin or first appearance of sperm whales in the fossil record or evolutionary history.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "sperm whale."
Step 2: Identify properties related to the time or period of existence or first appearance for this entity.

I will start by searching for the entity "sperm whale" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sperm whale, also known as cachalot, Physeter macrocephalus (wd:Q81214): largest species of toothed whale
2. Sperm Whale, also known as Nahang-e-Anbar (wd:Q20111251): 2015 film directed by Saman Moghadam
3. Sperm whale (wd:Q115479916): water colour painting of a sperm whale
4. sperm whale, also known as cachalot (wd:Q113680749): fictional monster from Dungeons & Dragons
5. sperm whale (wd:L591643-S1)
6. pygmy sperm whale, also known as Kogia breviceps (wd:Q244300): species of mammal
7. dwarf sperm whale, also known as Kogia sima (wd:Q42669): species of mammal
8. macroraptorial sperm whale, also known as raptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847): highly predatory whales of the sperm whale superfamily (Physeteroidea) of the Miocene epoch
9. Sperm Whale Head (wd:Q21903224): point in Australia
10. High-finned sperm whale, also known as high-finned cachalot (wd:Q99565665): species of whale (Cryptid)

[Assistant] The entity for the sperm whale is wd:Q81214. Now I will look for properties related to the time or period of existence or first appearance for this entity. I will search for properties related to "exist" or "first appearance" for the sperm whale entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdt/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
3. short name, also known as short title, shortname, abbreviation, shortened name, initialism (wd:P1813 as wdt/p): short name of a place, organisation, person, journal, wikidata property, etc. Used by some Wikipedia templates., name
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
7. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
8. taxon rank, also known as taxonomic rank, type of taxon, rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, instance of
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "start time" (wdt:P580) seems relevant as it indicates the time an entity begins to exist. I will check if the sperm whale entity (wd:Q81214) has a start time or similar property indicating when it first existed.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property              | object                                 |
| ----------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | start time (wdt:P580) | -3600000-01-01T00:00:00 (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
The start time for the sperm whale (wd:Q81214) is given as -3600000-01-01T00:00:00 in the data, which corresponds to approximately 3.6 million years ago. This indicates when the first sperm whales existed.

I will now formulate the final SPARQL query to retrieve this information and provide the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query uses the property wdt:P580 (start time) on the sperm whale entity (wd:Q81214) to find when the first sperm whales existed. However, the start time property is not appropriate for indicating the first existence of a species; it typically refers to the start time of a statement or event, not the evolutionary origin of a species. The returned date is also suspiciously ancient and likely incorrect for the species' first existence. Instead, the query should look for the earliest fossil record or the taxon's first appearance in the fossil record, which can be found using properties like 'fossil range start' (P2031) or related properties indicating the geological time period of first appearance. The current answer of 3.6 million years ago is not supported by the query result, which shows a date of -3600000-01-01 (which is nonsensical). Therefore, the query and answer need to be revised to correctly reflect the first existence of sperm whales based on fossil data or geological time period.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the property "start time" (P580) is not appropriate for indicating the first existence of a species. Instead, I should look for properties related to the fossil record or geological time period of first appearance, such as "fossil range start" (P2031) or similar.

I will now search for properties related to "fossil range" or "first appearance" for the sperm whale entity (wd:Q81214) to find a more accurate property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. taxon range, also known as geographic range of taxon, taxon geographic range, range of taxon, range, geographic range (wd:P9714 as wdt/p): geographic area(s) where a taxon is found
2. taxon range map image, also known as distribution map (taxa), spread map, range map, occurrence data map (wd:P181 as wdt/p): range map of a taxon, image
3. main food source, also known as diet, eats, ecology (Fossilworks field  name), food plant, food source (wd:P1034 as wdt/p): species, genus or family that an organism depends on for nutrition
4. Fossilworks taxon ID (wd:P842 as wdt/p): identifier for an animal, plant, or microorganism in the Fossilworks database
5. Paleobiology Database taxon ID, also known as PaleoBioDB ID, PaleoDB ID, PBDB ID (wd:P10907 as wdt/p): identifier for a fossil taxon in the Paleobiology Database
6. iNaturalist taxon ID (wd:P3151 as wdt/p): identifier in iNaturalist
7. taxon rank, also known as taxonomic rank, type of taxon, rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, instance of
8. taxon name, also known as correct name (ICNafp), Latin name of a taxon (deprecated), scientific name of a taxon, taxonomic name, valid name (ICZN) (wd:P225 as wdt/p): correct scientific name of a taxon (according to the reference given)
9. parent taxon, also known as higher taxon, taxon parent (wd:P171 as wdt/p): closest parent taxon of the taxon in question, subclass of
10. ADW taxon ID, also known as Animal Diversity Web taxon ID (wd:P4024 as wdt/p): identifier for a taxon in the Animal Diversity Web database

No other items found

[Assistant] There is no direct property named "fossil range start" or similar for the sperm whale entity. I will try a more general search for properties related to "first appearance" or "origin" for the sperm whale entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdt/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
3. short name, also known as short title, shortname, abbreviation, shortened name, initialism (wd:P1813 as wdt/p): short name of a place, organisation, person, journal, wikidata property, etc. Used by some Wikipedia templates., name
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
7. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
8. taxon rank, also known as taxonomic rank, type of taxon, rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, instance of
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)

No other items found

[Assistant] There are no direct properties for "fossil range start" or "first appearance" specific to the sperm whale entity. I will try to find the taxon for sperm whales and check if the taxon has a fossil range or first appearance property. I will search for the taxon of the sperm whale.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property                | object                 |
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------- |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | parent taxon (wdt:P171) | Physeter (wd:Q3382003) |

[Assistant] The parent taxon of the sperm whale (wd:Q81214) is Physeter (wd:Q3382003). I will now check if this taxon has a fossil range or first appearance property. I will search for properties related to "fossil range" or "first appearance" for the taxon Physeter (wd:Q3382003).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Fossilworks taxon ID (wd:P842 as wdt/p): identifier for an animal, plant, or microorganism in the Fossilworks database
2. iNaturalist taxon ID (wd:P3151 as wdt/p): identifier in iNaturalist
3. taxon rank, also known as taxonomic rank, type of taxon, rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, instance of
4. taxon name, also known as correct name (ICNafp), Latin name of a taxon (deprecated), scientific name of a taxon, taxonomic name, valid name (ICZN) (wd:P225 as wdt/p): correct scientific name of a taxon (according to the reference given)
5. parent taxon, also known as higher taxon, taxon parent (wd:P171 as wdt/p): closest parent taxon of the taxon in question, subclass of
6. ADW taxon ID, also known as Animal Diversity Web taxon ID (wd:P4024 as wdt/p): identifier for a taxon in the Animal Diversity Web database
7. Australian Faunal Directory ID, also known as AFD ID (wd:P6039 as wdt/p): identifier for a taxon on the Australian Faunal Directory website
8. NBIC taxon ID, also known as NBIC ID, NBIC identifier, Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre identifier (wd:P8707 as wdt/p): identifier for a taxon in the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre database, a database on species and ecosystems in Norway
9. ITIS TSN, also known as ITIS ID, itis, Integrated Taxonomic Information System Taxonomic Serial Number (wd:P815 as wdt/p): identifier for a taxon in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System
10. GBIF taxon ID, also known as GBIF ID, Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID, taxonKey (wd:P846 as wdt/p): taxon identifier in GBIF

No other items found

[Assistant] There are no direct properties related to "fossil range" or "first appearance" for the taxon Physeter (wd:Q3382003) either. I will try to find the geological time period or epoch when the sperm whale or its taxon first appeared. I will search for properties related to "geological time" or "epoch" for the sperm whale entity (wd:Q81214).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdt/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. short name, also known as short title, shortname, abbreviation, shortened name, initialism (wd:P1813 as wdt/p): short name of a place, organisation, person, journal, wikidata property, etc. Used by some Wikipedia templates., name
3. MeSH descriptor ID, also known as MeSH ID, MeSH Unique ID, UI (wd:P486 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for Descriptor or Supplementary concept in the Medical Subject Headings controlled vocabulary
4. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID, also known as GrEC ID, GREC ID, GEC ID (wd:P12385 as wdt/p): identifier for an item in the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
7. Paleobiology Database taxon ID, also known as PaleoBioDB ID, PaleoDB ID, PBDB ID (wd:P10907 as wdt/p): identifier for a fossil taxon in the Paleobiology Database
8. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations

No other items found

[Assistant] There is no direct property related to "epoch" or "geological time" for the sperm whale entity. I will try to find the earliest fossil record or geological time period for the sperm whale by checking the Paleobiology Database taxon ID (P10907) for the sperm whale entity and then querying the Paleobiology Database for the fossil range.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property                                    | object |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------ |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | Paleobiology Database taxon ID (wdt:P10907) | 68698  |

[Assistant]
The sperm whale has a Paleobiology Database taxon ID of 68698. I will use this ID to find the fossil range or first appearance information from the Paleobiology Database. However, since I cannot directly query the external Paleobiology Database here, I will try to find if Wikidata has any linked information about the fossil range or first appearance using this ID or related properties.

I will try to find any statements or properties related to fossil range or first appearance for the sperm whale entity (wd:Q81214) that might be linked to the Paleobiology Database taxon ID.

[Tool]
Got 793 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                                       | object                                                                                |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | instance of (wdt:P31)                          | taxon (wd:Q16521)                                                                            |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                    | Physeter macrocephalus                                                                       |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | image (wdt:P18)                                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mother%20and%20baby%20sperm%20whale.jpg> |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                         | whale (wd:Q1865281)                                                                          |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | parent taxon (wdt:P171)                        | Physeter (wd:Q3382003)                                                                       |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | taxon name (wdt:P225)                          | Physeter macrocephalus                                                                       |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | taxon rank (wdt:P105)                          | species (wd:Q7432)                                                                           |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | short name (wdt:P1813)                         | P. macrocephalus (mul)                                                                       |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                     |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | on focus list of Wikimedia project (wdt:P5008) | wd:Q6173448                                                                                |
| ...                     | ...                                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] There is no direct property related to fossil range or first appearance in the first 10 properties of the sperm whale entity. I will try to find if there is any subclass or related taxon that might have fossil range information. I will check subclasses of sperm whale or related taxa.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property               | object              |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------- |
| sperm whale (wd:Q81214) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | whale (wd:Q1865281) |

[Assistant] The sperm whale is a subclass of whale (wd:Q1865281). I will check if the whale entity has any fossil range or first appearance properties.

[Tool]
Got 559 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                                       | object                                                                                |
| ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | instance of (wdt:P31)                          | organisms known by a particular common name (wd:Q55983715)                                   |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                    | Whales                                                                                |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | image (wdt:P18)                                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eubalaena%20glacialis%20with%20calf.jpg> |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                         | marine mammal (wd:Q382441)                                                                   |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                     |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | on focus list of Wikimedia project (wdt:P5008) | WikiProject Climate change (wd:Q15305047)                                                    |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | different from (wdt:P1889)                     | wd:Q57941455                                                                                |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | topic's main category (wdt:P910)               | wd:Q7152651                                                                                |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | Unicode character (wdt:P487)                   | 🐋                                                                                |
| whale (wd:Q1865281) | patron saint (wdt:P417)                        | Brendan the Navigator (wd:Q208961)                                                           |
| ...                 | ...                                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
There is no direct property related to fossil range or first appearance in the first 10 properties of the whale entity either. Since the direct properties for fossil range or first appearance are not available for sperm whale or related taxa, I will try a different approach.

I will search for entities related to "first sperm whale" or "earliest sperm whale" to see if there is a specific extinct species or fossil species that represents the first sperm whales. Then I can find the time period for that species.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sperm whale, also known as cachalot, Physeter macrocephalus (wd:Q81214): largest species of toothed whale
2. Sperm Whale, also known as Nahang-e-Anbar (wd:Q20111251): 2015 film directed by Saman Moghadam
3. Sperm whale (wd:Q115479916): water colour painting of a sperm whale
4. sperm whale, also known as cachalot (wd:Q113680749): fictional monster from Dungeons & Dragons
5. sperm whale (wd:L591643-S1)
6. pygmy sperm whale, also known as Kogia breviceps (wd:Q244300): species of mammal
7. dwarf sperm whale, also known as Kogia sima (wd:Q42669): species of mammal
8. macroraptorial sperm whale, also known as raptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847): highly predatory whales of the sperm whale superfamily (Physeteroidea) of the Miocene epoch
9. Sperm Whale Head (wd:Q21903224): point in Australia
10. High-finned sperm whale, also known as high-finned cachalot (wd:Q99565665): species of whale (Cryptid)

[Assistant]
There is an entity called "macroraptorial sperm whale" (wd:Q56274847) which is described as highly predatory whales of the sperm whale superfamily from the Miocene epoch. This might represent an early form of sperm whale.

I will check the time period or epoch for this macroraptorial sperm whale entity to get an idea of when the first sperm whales existed.

[Tool]
Got 61 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                   | property                               | object                                                                        |
| ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | instance of (wdt:P31)                  | organisms known by a particular common name (wd:Q55983715)                    |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | image (wdt:P18)                        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Livyatan%20melvillei.jpg> |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                 | Cetacea (wd:Q160)                                                             |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | time period (wdt:P2348)                | Miocene (wd:Q76267)                                                           |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671) | <http://g.co/kg/g/11g1qh1d9n>                                                 |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | schema:description                     | baleias altamente predadoras da ...eteroidea) da época do Miocénico (pt)      |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | schema:name                            | cachalote macroraptorial (es)                                                 |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | rdf:type                               | wikibase:Item                                                                 |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | rdfs:label                             | cachalote macroraptorial (es)                                                 |
| macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) | skos:altLabel                          | raptorial sperm whale (en)                                                    |
| ...                                       | ...                                    | ...                                                                           |

[Assistant]
The macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) is associated with the time period Miocene (wd:Q76267). The Miocene epoch lasted from about 23 million to 5.3 million years ago.

I will now formulate a SPARQL query to retrieve the time period (Miocene) for the macroraptorial sperm whale entity and provide this as the answer for when the first sperm whales existed.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer correctly identifies the time period during which the first sperm whales, specifically the macroraptorial sperm whale, existed. The SPARQL query retrieves the time period associated with the macroraptorial sperm whale (wd:Q56274847) using the property 'time period' (wdt:P2348). The query also optionally retrieves the English label for better readability. The execution result confirms that the macroraptorial sperm whale is associated with the Miocene epoch (wd:Q76267), which lasted from about 23 million to 5.3 million years ago. This matches the answer provided. The query follows the rules by returning actual identifiers and labels optionally, and the answer is based solely on the query result without additional computation. Therefore, the output is correct and complete.