PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?university ?universityLabel ?studentCount WHERE {
  ?university wdt:P31 wd:Q3918 ; wdt:P2196 ?studentCount .
  FILTER ( ?studentCount > 200000 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?university rdfs:label ?universityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?universityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| university                                                 | universityLabel                                 | studentCount          |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) | National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (en) | 500000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        | University of Phoenix (en)                      | 420000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              | Cairo University (en)                           | 207853 (xsd:decimal)  |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      | National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)   | 360883 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         | Ain Shams University (en)                       | 220000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 | Allama Iqbal Open University (en)               | 1326266 (xsd:decimal) |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          | Universitas Terbuka (en)                        | 525360 (xsd:decimal)  |

The universities with more than 200,000 students along with their student counts are:
- National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia: 500,000 students
- University of Phoenix: 420,000 students
- Cairo University: 207,853 students
- National Autonomous University of Mexico: 360,883 students
- Ain Shams University: 220,000 students
- Allama Iqbal Open University: 1,326,266 students
- Universitas Terbuka: 525,360 students

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which universities have more than 200000 students?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How heavy is Jupiter's lightest moon?

SPARQL:
SELECT * WHERE {
  ?res wdt:P31 wd:Q61702557 .
  ?res wdt:P2067 ?mass .
}
ORDER BY ?mass
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
moon of Jupiter, also known as Jovial moon, Jovian satellite, moons of Jupiter, natural satellite of Jupiter (wd:Q61702557): natural satellite orbiting Jupiter

Using properties:
mass, also known as displacement, molecular mass, molecular weight, weight (wd:P2067 as wdt): mass (in colloquial usage also known as weight) of the item
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
Which U.S. state has been admitted latest?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q35657 .
  ?uri wdt:P571 ?date
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?date )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
U.S. state, also known as U.S. states, US state, USA state, U.S.A. state, United States states (wd:Q35657): constituent political entity of the United States of America

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

Example 3:
Question:
List all the musicals with music by Leonard Bernstein.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q2743 ; wdt:P86 wd:Q152505 .
}

Using entities:
Leonard Bernstein (wd:Q152505): American conductor and composer (1918–1990), film score composer, musicologist, conductor, composer, pianist
musical, also known as musical play, stage musical, musical theatre, musical theater, lyric drama (wd:Q2743): stage work that combines songs, music, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as wdt): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that to find universities, we can use the property "instance of" (wdt:P31) with the entity "university" (wd:Q3918). Next, we need to find the property that represents the number of students in a university. I will search for properties related to "number of students" or "students" for the entity "university".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. equivalent class, also known as schema.org type, same kind of thing, same grouping, same class, external class (wd:P1709 as wdt/p): equivalent class in other ontologies (use property URI), exact match, URL
2. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
3. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
4. Australian Educational Vocabulary ID, also known as AEV ID, AEV identifier, Australian Educational Vocabulary identifier, Schools Online Thesaurus ID, Schools Online Thesaurus identifier (wd:P7033 as wdt/wdtn/p): ID for curriculum term in one of the controlled vocabularies at Australian education vocabularies
5. GeoNames feature code, also known as feature class, feature code (wd:P2452 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier for feature classes in GeoNames &  NGA GNS
6. Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors ID, also known as ATED ID (wd:P9497 as wdt/p): identifier for a descriptor in the Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. HDS ID, also known as DHS, DSS, HDS identifier, Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, HLS (wd:P902 as wdt/p): identifier in HDS/HLS/DHS/DSS: Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (Q642074), a national encyclopedia
9. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as wdt/p): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
10. OpenStreetMap tag or key, also known as tag, OSM wiki tag or key, OpenStreetMap relation role, OSM tag or key, OSM tag (wd:P1282 as wdt/p): OpenStreetMap tagging schema (a Key:key, Tag:key=value, Relation:type, or Role:role) for classes, properties, and values

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "number of students" for the entity "university" did not return a direct property for the number of students. I will try a more general search for properties related to "students" to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. student, also known as teacher to, teacher of, had student, students, pupils (wd:P802 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): notable student(s) of the subject individual, significant person
2. count of students, also known as count of pupils, count of students, enrollment, number of pupils, number of pupils or students (wd:P2196 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): number of pupils or students of any type in an educational organ...evious years normal rank (not deprecated rank). Don't overwrite.
3. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
4. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person who has taught this person, significant person
5. school class, also known as class, cohort, grade, school cohort, stage (wd:P7174 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): (qualifier) class of a given year/time period to which the person belonged in an educational institution
6. has part(s) of the class, also known as has part of class, nwere akụkụ(s) na-akpụ subclass nke, part of class, nwere akụkụ nke klaasị, part of the class (wd:P2670 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): the subject has one or more parts of the object class, has part(s)
7. educational stage, also known as student classification (wd:P7374 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): educational stage of a specific school; qualifier of "educated at" (P69): the education stage of someone's attendance of school
8. class of object(s) of occurrence, also known as may happen to, may occur to items of the class, object class of action, object class of occurrence, of (wd:P12913 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): class that includes the object(s) to which this occurrence (or class of occurrence) occurs or occurred
9. has role in modeling, also known as has role in modelling, used for investigating, used for researching, used for studying, used to investigate (wd:P6530 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): relation between a research artefact and an entity that is used ... its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity
10. class of agent(s) of action, also known as agent class of action, done by agent(s) of class, class of doer(s), agent selectional restriction, agent selectional preference (wd:P12994 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): class of items that may initiate this action or class of actions

[Assistant] The property "count of students" (wdt:P2196) seems to represent the number of students in an educational organization. Now I will construct a SPARQL query to find universities (wd:Q3918) with more than 200000 students using this property.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| university                                                 | universityLabel                                 | studentCount          |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) | National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (en) | 500000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        | University of Phoenix (en)                      | 420000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              | Cairo University (en)                           | 207853 (xsd:decimal)  |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      | National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)   | 360883 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         | Ain Shams University (en)                       | 220000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 | Allama Iqbal Open University (en)               | 1326266 (xsd:decimal) |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          | Universitas Terbuka (en)                        | 525360 (xsd:decimal)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves universities with more than 200,000 students and returns their labels and student counts. However, the answer text lists Allama Iqbal Open University with 1,326,266 students, which is correct, but the query result shows it as 132,6266 (likely a formatting issue). Also, the answer text should explicitly mention the student counts for clarity. Additionally, the query uses rdfs:label with a language filter, which is good, but it could be improved by ensuring the label retrieval is optional and does not affect the main result. Overall, the query and answer are mostly correct but could be improved by clarifying the formatting of numbers and including student counts in the answer text for better completeness.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will improve the answer by explicitly mentioning the student counts for each university in the answer text for clarity. I will also ensure the formatting of the numbers is clear and include the labels optionally without affecting the main result. I will update the SPARQL query and answer accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| university                                                 | universityLabel                                 | studentCount          |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) | National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (en) | 500000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        | University of Phoenix (en)                      | 420000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              | Cairo University (en)                           | 207853 (xsd:decimal)  |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      | National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)   | 360883 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         | Ain Shams University (en)                       | 220000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 | Allama Iqbal Open University (en)               | 1326266 (xsd:decimal) |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          | Universitas Terbuka (en)                        | 525360 (xsd:decimal)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves universities with more than 200,000 students, returning their identifiers, English labels, and student counts. The answer lists all universities found with their respective student counts, matching the query results. The query uses appropriate properties and filters, and the labels are retrieved in an optional clause with language filtering. No improvements are necessary as the output is accurate, complete, and follows the guidelines.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?holiday ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?holiday wdt:P31 wd:Q1197685 .
  {
    ?holiday wdt:P1001 wd:Q980 .
  } UNION {
    ?holiday wdt:P518 wd:Q980 .
  } UNION {
    ?holiday wdt:P131 wd:Q980 .
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

The number of public holidays specific to the state of Bavaria is not explicitly available in Wikidata based on the queried properties and entities, including 'applicable jurisdiction' (wdt:P1001), 'applies to region' (wdt:P518), and 'located in the administrative territorial entity' (wdt:P131).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many public holidays does the state Bavaria have in a year?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How tall is Claudia Schiffer?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?val WHERE {
  wd:Q76717 wdt:P2048 ?val .
}

Using entities:
Claudia Schiffer, also known as Claudia Maria Schiffer de Vere Drummond, Claudia Maria Vaughn, Claudia Schiffer de Vere Drummond, Claudia Vaughn, Claudia Maria Schiffer (wd:Q76717): German model, film actor, model, actor

Using properties:
height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as wdt): vertical length of an entity, length

Example 2:
Question:
Who was called Rodzilla?

SPARQL:
SELECT * WHERE {
  ?uri skos:altLabel "Rodzilla" @en .
}

Example 3:
Question:
Give me all Swedish holidays.

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q1401522 .
}

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] The examples show how to query for holidays and instances of classes. Now, I will search for the entity "Bavaria" to get its identifier in Wikidata. Then I will search for public holidays related to Bavaria.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bavaria, also known as Bayern, Free State of Bavaria, Freistaat Bayern, Freistoot Bayern (wd:Q980): federated state in the south of Germany
2. Kingdom of Bavaria, also known as Bavaria, Kinereich Baiern, Kinereich Bayern, Königreich Baiern, Königreich Bayern (wd:Q154195): kingdom in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, from January 1871 part of the German Empire
3. Electorate of Bavaria, also known as Bavaria (wd:Q256961): state in the Holy Roman Empire
4. 301 Bavaria, also known as (301) Bavaria, Bavaria (wd:Q150590): main-belt asteroid
5. Bavaria, also known as Bavaria statue (wd:Q707669): Statue of Bavaria in Munich, Germany
6. Bavaria (wd:Q874953): former train on the Trans-Europ-Express connection Zurich-Munich
7. Bavaria, also known as Bavaria, Kansas, Bavaria, KS (wd:Q4873636): unincorporated community in Kansas, USA
8. Bavaria Brewery, also known as Bavaria S.A., Bavaria (wd:Q2946947): Colombian brewery company
9. Bavaria Fluggesellschaft, also known as Bavaria (wd:Q811995): former German airline
10. Bavaria (wd:Q117323380): female figure symbolising Bavaria

[Assistant] The entity for the federated state in the south of Germany is "Bavaria" with the identifier wd:Q980. Next, I will search for properties related to public holidays for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. public holiday, also known as bank holiday, legal holiday, national holiday (wd:P832 as wdt/p): official public holiday that occurs in this place in its honor, usually a non-working day, significant event
2. located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as wdt/p): time zone for this item
3. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
4. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt/p): language designated as official by this item, language used
5. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdt/wdtn/p): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
6. basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as wdt/p): subject's government
7. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as wdt/p): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
8. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt/p): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
9. anthem, also known as national anthem, team anthem, official song, official hymn, club anthem (wd:P85 as wdt/p): subject's official anthem
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "public holiday" (wdt:P832) is the relevant property for official public holidays that occur in a place. Now I will query how many public holidays are linked to Bavaria (wd:Q980) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query returned 0, which means there are no public holidays directly linked to Bavaria using the property "public holiday" (wdt:P832). It is possible that public holidays in Bavaria are represented differently or linked through another property or entity.

Next, I will try to find entities that are instances of public holidays and are located in Bavaria or related to Bavaria. I will first search for the entity "public holiday" to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. public holiday, also known as legal holiday, national holiday, state holiday, statutory holiday (wd:Q1197685): holiday generally established by law, usually a non-working day for most people
2. public holiday, also known as bank holiday, legal holiday, national holiday (wd:P832): official public holiday that occurs in this place in its honor, usually a non-working day
3. public holiday (wd:L1403245-S1)
4. public holiday peace (wd:Q19374081): noise restrictions on public holidays
5. March Public Holiday, also known as Adelaide Cup Day (wd:Q111646483): public holiday in South Australia
6. public holiday in Japan (wd:Q1195354): holiday designated by law in Japan
7. public holidays in Slovakia, also known as public holidays of Slovakia, Slovak public holidays (wd:Q1401559)
8. public holidays in the Philippines, also known as public holidays (Philippines) (wd:Q838447): overview of public holidays in the Philippines
9. public holidays in the GDR, also known as public holidays (East Germany), public holidays (GDR), public holidays in East Germany (wd:Q897143): overview of public holidays in the GDR
10. public holiday in Tunisia (wd:Q3092938): Wikimedia list article

[Assistant] The entity for "public holiday" as a general concept is wd:Q1197685. Now I will query for entities that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and are located in Bavaria (wd:Q980). I will check if there are any public holidays that have Bavaria as their location or jurisdiction.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that are instances of public holiday (wd:Q1197685) and located in Bavaria (wd:Q980) using the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131).

I will try another approach: I will look for public holidays that have Bavaria as the "country" or "located in the administrative territorial entity" or similar properties. I will search for properties related to location or jurisdiction for public holidays.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as wdt/p): main Wikidata property for this item
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
4. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
5. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
6. Wolfram Language entity code, also known as WL entity code, Wolfram entity code, WL entity (wd:P4839 as wdt/p): input form for an entity in Wolfram Language
7. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture ID, also known as encykorea ID (wd:P9475 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
9. Australian Educational Vocabulary ID, also known as AEV ID, AEV identifier, Australian Educational Vocabulary identifier, Schools Online Thesaurus ID, Schools Online Thesaurus identifier (wd:P7033 as wdt/wdtn/p): ID for curriculum term in one of the controlled vocabularies at Australian education vocabularies
10. IPTC NewsCode, also known as NewsCode (wd:P5429 as wdt/wdtn/p): NewsCode for an item, as defined by the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC)

No other items found

[Assistant] There are no direct properties related to location or jurisdiction for the entity "public holiday" (wd:Q1197685). I will try a different approach: I will search for public holidays that have the qualifier or statement indicating they are observed in Bavaria or the Free State of Bavaria. I will search for public holidays with the property "country" or "located in the administrative territorial entity" with Bavaria as the value.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the country (wdt:P17). I will try the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) with Bavaria as the value for public holidays.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131). I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or part of a statement using the property "public holiday" (wdt:P832) and see if there are any holidays linked to Bavaria indirectly. I will search for public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or related entity.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the value for the property "public holiday" (P832) in statements. I will try to find public holidays that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and have a statement or qualifier linking them to Bavaria using any property. I will try to find public holidays with any property linking to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and have any property linking them to Bavaria (wd:Q980).

I will try another approach: I will search for public holidays in Germany (wd:Q183) and then check if there is a way to filter or count those specific to Bavaria. I will first count the public holidays in Germany.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| holiday                       |
| ----------------------------- |
| wd:Q114028189                 |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) |

[Assistant] There are two public holidays linked to Germany (wd:Q183). One of them is German Unity Day (wd:Q157582). I will now check if there is a property or qualifier that indicates if a public holiday is specific to Bavaria. I will check the statements of German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) for any indication of location or jurisdiction.

[Tool]
Got 329 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | national day (wd:Q57598)                                                                    |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | country (wdt:P17)                | Germany (wd:Q183)                                                                           |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | German Unity Day                                                                            |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3-Oktober.jpg>                          |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | native label (wdt:P1705)         | Tag der Deutschen Einheit (de)                                                              |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | topic's main category (wdt:P910) | wd:Q55268242                                                                                |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | named after (wdt:P138)           | German reunification (wd:Q56039)                                                            |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | pronunciation audio (wdt:P443)   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Tag%20der%20Deutschen%20Einheit.ogg> |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | replaces (wdt:P1365)             | wd:Q114028189                                                                               |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | Commons gallery (wdt:P935)       | German Unity Day                                                                            |
| ...                           | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) is a national day and linked to Germany (wd:Q183) as the country. There is no indication that it is specific to Bavaria. I will now try to find public holidays that are specific to Bavaria by searching for holidays with Bavaria in their label or description.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. public holiday, also known as legal holiday, national holiday, state holiday, statutory holiday (wd:Q1197685): holiday generally established by law, usually a non-working day for most people
2. public holiday, also known as bank holiday, legal holiday, national holiday (wd:P832): official public holiday that occurs in this place in its honor, usually a non-working day
3. public holiday (wd:L1403245-S1)
4. public holiday peace (wd:Q19374081): noise restrictions on public holidays
5. March Public Holiday, also known as Adelaide Cup Day (wd:Q111646483): public holiday in South Australia
6. public holiday in Japan (wd:Q1195354): holiday designated by law in Japan
7. public holidays in Slovakia, also known as public holidays of Slovakia, Slovak public holidays (wd:Q1401559)
8. public holidays in the Philippines, also known as public holidays (Philippines) (wd:Q838447): overview of public holidays in the Philippines
9. public holidays in the GDR, also known as public holidays (East Germany), public holidays (GDR), public holidays in East Germany (wd:Q897143): overview of public holidays in the GDR
10. public holiday in Tunisia (wd:Q3092938): Wikimedia list article

[Assistant] There is no direct entity for public holidays specific to Bavaria. I will now try to find all public holidays in Germany (wd:Q183) and then check if there is a way to filter those specific to Bavaria by checking if they have a statement or qualifier indicating Bavaria. I will first get all public holidays in Germany.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| holiday                       | holidayLabel                 |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| wd:Q114028189                 | Day of the German Unity (en) |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) | German Unity Day (en)        |

[Assistant] There are only two public holidays linked to Germany (wd:Q183), and neither is specifically linked to Bavaria. I will now try to find holidays that are linked to Bavaria as the location or jurisdiction using the property "location" (wdt:P276) or "jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) or similar. I will search for public holidays with these properties linked to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the location (wdt:P276) or jurisdiction (wdt:P1001). I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or part of a statement using any property. I will try to find public holidays with any property linking to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and have any property linking them to Bavaria (wd:Q980).

I will try another approach: I will search for public holidays in Germany (wd:Q183) and then check if there is a way to filter or count those specific to Bavaria. I will first count the public holidays in Germany.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| holiday                       |
| ----------------------------- |
| wd:Q114028189                 |
| German Unity Day (wd:Q157582) |

[Assistant] There are only two public holidays linked to Germany (wd:Q183), and neither is specifically linked to Bavaria. I will now try to find holidays that are linked to Bavaria as the location or jurisdiction using the property "location" (wdt:P276) or "jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) or similar. I will search for public holidays with these properties linked to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the location (wdt:P276) or jurisdiction (wdt:P1001). I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or part of a statement using any property. I will try to find public holidays with any property linking to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and have any property linking them to Bavaria (wd:Q980).

Since the direct approach to find public holidays specific to Bavaria in Wikidata is not yielding results, I will try a different approach: I will search for the number of public holidays in Bavaria by looking for holidays that have Bavaria as the "location" or "jurisdiction" or similar property, regardless of whether they are explicitly marked as public holidays.

I will try to find holidays (wd:Q1656682) that have Bavaria as the location or jurisdiction.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant] There are no holidays (wd:Q1656682) that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the location (wdt:P276). I will try the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) for holidays.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
There are no holidays (wd:Q1656682) that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131).

Since the direct approach to find public holidays specific to Bavaria in Wikidata is not yielding results, it is likely that the data about the number of public holidays in Bavaria is not explicitly modeled in Wikidata or is modeled in a way that is not straightforward to query.

I will now provide a final answer stating that the information is not available in the queried knowledge graph.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query returned 0 results, indicating no public holidays were found for Bavaria. However, this is likely because the property used (wdt:P131) to link holidays to Bavaria is not the correct or sufficient property to identify public holidays specific to Bavaria. Public holidays in Wikidata are often linked via the property 'applicable jurisdiction' (wdt:P1001) or 'country' (wdt:P17) combined with qualifiers for regions or states. The query should be refined to use the appropriate property to find public holidays applicable specifically to Bavaria. Additionally, the query should ensure it counts only public holidays that are specific to Bavaria, not just all holidays in Germany. I recommend revising the query to use wdt:P1001 (applicable jurisdiction) with Bavaria (wd:Q980) and verifying the instance type for public holidays. Also, consider including optional labels for clarity. This will improve the accuracy of the answer.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will revise the query to find public holidays that are instances of public holidays (wd:Q1197685) and have the property "applicable jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) with Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the value. I will also include optional labels for clarity. Then I will count the number of such public holidays.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query using the property "applicable jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) with Bavaria (wd:Q980) still returned 0 results. This suggests that public holidays specific to Bavaria might not be explicitly linked with this property in Wikidata.

I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or part of a statement using the property "applicable jurisdiction" (P1001) in the statement or qualifier form. I will look for statements with this property and Bavaria as the value.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the value for the property "applicable jurisdiction" (P1001) in statements.

I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria as a qualifier or part of a statement using the property "country" (wdt:P17) with Bavaria as the value. I will look for statements with this property and Bavaria as the value.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) as the value for the property "country" (P17) in statements.

Since the direct approach to find public holidays specific to Bavaria in Wikidata is not yielding results, it is likely that the data about the number of public holidays in Bavaria is not explicitly modeled in Wikidata or is modeled in a way that is not straightforward to query.

I will now provide a final answer stating that the information is not available in the queried knowledge graph.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query returned 0, indicating no public holidays were found for Bavaria using the property 'applies to jurisdiction' (wdt:P1001). However, this might be due to incomplete or missing data in Wikidata for this specific property or entity. To improve, consider checking alternative properties or qualifiers that indicate the applicability of holidays to Bavaria, such as 'applies to region' or 'located in the administrative territorial entity'. Also, verify if the items classified as public holidays (wd:Q1197685) have the correct jurisdictional information. The current query is syntactically correct but does not yield the expected result, so a retry with refined query conditions or broader property checks is recommended.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query to check for public holidays (wd:Q1197685) that have Bavaria (wd:Q980) linked via either "applicable jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001), "applies to region" (wdt:P518), or "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131). I will combine these properties using UNION to cover more possibilities and count the distinct public holidays. I will also include optional labels for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The refined query checking for public holidays linked to Bavaria (wd:Q980) via "applicable jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001), "applies to region" (wdt:P518), or "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) still returned 0 results.

This indicates that the specific data about public holidays in Bavaria is not explicitly modeled or linked using these properties in Wikidata.

I will now try to find public holidays that have Bavaria mentioned in their label or description as a last attempt to identify any public holidays related to Bavaria.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There are no public holidays with "Bavaria" mentioned in their English label.

Given the lack of explicit data on public holidays specific to Bavaria in Wikidata, I conclude that the number of public holidays in Bavaria is not directly available in the knowledge graph.

I will provide this as the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?place WHERE {
  ?place wdt:P17 wd:Q39 ; wdt:P625 ?coord .
  BIND( geof:latitude ( ?coord ) AS ?lat ) FILTER ( ?lat > 47.8 )
}
LIMIT 1

Yes, Switzerland has places north of the point (8.57, 47.8).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does Switzerland have a place north of the Point (8.57 47.8)?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Give me all companies in Munich.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q4830453 .
  ?uri wdt:P31 ?type ; wdt:P159 wd:Q1726 .
}

Using entities:
Munich, also known as Monachium, Münich, München, Munchen, Muenchen (wd:Q1726): capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany
business (wd:Q4830453): organization undertaking commercial, industrial, or professional activity

Using properties:
headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
Which musician wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q639669 .
  ?x wdt:P31 wd:Q571 ; wdt:P50 ?uri .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?x ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
musician, also known as musical artist (wd:Q639669): person who composes, conducts or performs music

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
When did princess Diana die?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q9685 wdt:P570 ?date .
}

Using entities:
Diana, Princess of Wales, also known as Lady Diana Spencer, Princess Diana, Princess Di, Lady Diana Frances Spencer, The People's Princess (wd:Q9685): member of the British royal family and Princess of Wales (1961–1997), mental health advocate, kindergarten teacher, HIV/AIDS activist, environmentalist, peace activist, philanthropist, humanitarian, aristocrat, benefactor, socialite

Using properties:
date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time

[Assistant]
The question asks if Switzerland has a place north of the point with coordinates (8.57, 47.8). To answer this, I need to:

1. Identify Switzerland as an entity.
2. Understand how to represent the point (8.57, 47.8) in the query.
3. Find places within Switzerland that have coordinates north of the given point's latitude (47.8).

I will start by searching for the entity "Switzerland" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Switzerland, also known as Confoederatio Helvetica, Swiss, Swiss Confederation (wd:Q39): country in Central Europe
2. Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Swiss Confederation, Switzerland (wd:Q435583): confederation of cantons (1291-1798)
3. Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Swiss Confederation, Switzerland (wd:Q435583): confederation of cantons (1291-1798)
4. Switzerland at the 1900 Summer Olympics, also known as Switzerland (wd:Q141744): sporting event delegation
5. federation of eight cantons, also known as Confederacy of eight cantons, Switzerland, Swiss Confederation, federation of 8 cantons, Old Swiss Confederacy (wd:Q340787)
6. Federation of thirteen cantons, also known as Federation of 13 cantons, Swiss Confederacy, Swiss Confederation, Switzerland (wd:Q351537)
7. Switzerland, also known as Switzerland, SC (wd:Q2373348): community in South Carolina, USA
8. Switzerland (wd:Q80282): community in Florida, United States
9. Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006, also known as Switzerland (wd:Q7659174)
10. Switzerland (wd:Q420049): album by rock band Electric Six

[Assistant]
The entity for Switzerland as a country in Central Europe is wd:Q39.

Next, I want to find places within Switzerland that have geographic coordinates. Then I will filter those places to find if any have a latitude greater than 47.8 (north of the given point).

I will write a query to find places within Switzerland with their coordinates and filter by latitude > 47.8.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use rdfs:label optionally.

I will also correct the extraction of latitude from the coordinate. Coordinates are stored as a literal with datatype "Point" and the latitude is the second value in the point literal. I will use a function to extract the latitude.

I will try a simpler query to get places in Switzerland with coordinates and filter by latitude > 47.8.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which suggests the method to extract latitude from the coordinate literal was incorrect.

Coordinates in Wikidata are stored as a datatype "globe-coordinate" and can be accessed using the property wdt:P625. The latitude and longitude can be extracted using the functions geof:latitude and geof:longitude.

I will rewrite the query using geof:latitude to extract the latitude from the coordinate.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| place                                                   | placeLabel                                    | coord                                       |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q107262026                                           |                                               | POINT(7.384722 48.008611) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| Pöschen (wd:Q108091347)                                 | Pöschen (en)                                  | POINT(8.604836 47.800866) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| wd:Q11783200                                            |                                               | POINT(7.000000 49.233300) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| wd:Q11783215                                            |                                               | POINT(5.950000 52.217000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| wd:Q11783221                                            |                                               | POINT(9.738600 52.374400) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| wd:Q11783228                                            |                                               | POINT(-1.902500 52.480000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| wd:Q11783229                                            |                                               | POINT(5.520000 51.770000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| wd:Q11783231                                            |                                               | POINT(11.575000 48.137500) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| 1987 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships (wd:Q11783232) | 1987 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships (en) | POINT(14.906400 50.412500) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| wd:Q11783236                                            |                                               | POINT(6.763000 53.005000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |

[Assistant]
The query results show places with coordinates north of latitude 47.8 in Switzerland. There are places with latitude greater than 47.8, so there are places north of the point (8.57, 47.8) in Switzerland.

I will now finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies places in Switzerland (wd:Q39) that have a latitude greater than 47.8, which means they are north of the point (8.57, 47.8). The query uses the coordinate location property (wdt:P625) and extracts the latitude to filter accordingly. The query returns an actual place identifier (wd:Q107262026), satisfying the requirement to return identifiers. The answer 'Yes' is appropriate given the query result. The query is well-formed, uses relevant properties, and respects the rules for SPARQL queries. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?entrepreneur ?entrepreneurLabel ?netWorth WHERE {
  ?entrepreneur wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?entrepreneur wdt:P106 wd:Q131524 .
  ?entrepreneur wdt:P2218 ?netWorth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?entrepreneur rdfs:label ?entrepreneurLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?entrepreneurLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?netWorth )
LIMIT 1

The most wealthy entrepreneur is Elon Musk with a net worth of approximately 270.1 billion.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who is the most wealthy entrepreneur?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which country has the most official languages?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  ?uri wdt:P37 ?language .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?language ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

Example 2:
Question:
Who is the mayor of Tel Aviv?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q33935 wdt:P6 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Tel Aviv, also known as Tel Aviv City, TLV, Tel Aviv-Jafo, Tel-Aviv Jaffa, Tel Aviv-Jaffa (wd:Q33935): city in Israel

Using properties:
head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson

Example 3:
Question:
When did Michael Jackson die?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q2831 wdt:P570 ?o1 .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jackson, also known as M.J., MJ, M. J., The King of Pop, King of Pop (wd:Q2831): American singer, songwriter, and dancer (1958–2009), singer-songwriter, recording artist, record producer, businessperson, philanthropist, music arranger, autobiographer, film director, choreographer, art collector, entrepreneur, screenwriter, voice actor, songwriter, film actor, composer, dancer, singer, actor, model, poet

Using properties:
date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time

[Assistant]
The question is "Who is the most wealthy entrepreneur?" We need to find an entrepreneur (occupation) with the highest wealth (net worth or similar property).

Step 1: Identify the entity for "entrepreneur."
Step 2: Identify the property for "wealth" or "net worth."
Step 3: Query for entrepreneurs with their wealth and order by wealth descending to get the most wealthy entrepreneur.

I will start by searching for the entity "entrepreneur" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. entrepreneur, also known as undertaking (wd:Q131524): person who owns and operates a business
2. Entrepreneur (wd:Q5380740): business magazine for entrepreneurs
3. The Entrepreneur, also known as Entrepreneur (wd:Q3204987): 2011 film by Giuliano Montaldo
4. Entrepreneur (wd:Q30598698): 1997 video game
5. Entrepreneur (wd:Q5380739): British Thoroughbred racehorse
6. Entrepreneur (wd:Q98669462): 2020 single by Pharrell Williams featuring Jay-Z
7. Entrepreneur, also known as Yrittäjä (wd:Q104145164): 2018 film directed by Virpi Suutari
8. Darren Lopes, also known as Entrepreneur (wd:Q112113075): entrepreneur, Entrepreneur
9. Adil Sami, also known as Entrepreneur (wd:Q111692090): Entrepreneur, entrepreneur
10. Alee Club Miss & Mr Teen India, also known as Entrepreneur (wd:Q113526755): entrepreneur

[Assistant]
The entity for "entrepreneur" is wd:Q131524 which represents a person who owns and operates a business.

Next, I will search for properties related to "wealth" or "net worth" to find the appropriate property to use for wealth.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. net worth, also known as declared patrimony, estimated net worth, net wealth, net worth estimate, personal assets (wd:P2218 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): totality of wealth possessed by a person
2. net profit, also known as profit, net return, net income, clear profit, clear gain (wd:P2295 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): private entity profit after accounting for all costs
3. estimated value, also known as valuation, traded value, traded cap, price estimation, estimated worth (wd:P8340 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): estimated value of a house, company, patent, etc
4. total revenue, also known as turnover, sales, revenue, income, gross revenue (wd:P2139 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): income gained by an organization during a given time frame. Not to be confused with fiscal revenue
5. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
6. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): amount in a specific currency
7. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
8. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant
9. total assets, also known as assets, balance sheet total (wd:P2403 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): value of assets held by a private or public entity
10. box office, also known as earnings (wd:P2142 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): box office takings accumulated by a film, total revenue

[Assistant]
The property for "net worth" is wd:P2218.

Now I will write a SPARQL query to find entrepreneurs (wd:Q131524) with their net worth (wdt:P2218) and order by net worth descending to get the most wealthy entrepreneur. I will limit the result to 1.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| entrepreneur           | entrepreneurLabel | netWorth                   |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | -------------------------- |
| Elon Musk (wd:Q317521) | Elon Musk (en)    | 270100000000 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the most wealthy entrepreneur by selecting humans with the occupation 'entrepreneur' and ordering them by their net worth in descending order, limiting the result to the top one. The query returns the entrepreneur's identifier, label, and net worth, which matches the answer provided (Elon Musk with approximately 270.1 billion). The query follows all the rules, including returning identifiers and labels properly, and does not perform any post-processing outside SPARQL. The answer is accurate and complete.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?color ?colorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q283 wdt:P462 ?color .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?colorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| color                        | colorLabel          |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| colorless (wd:Q1396399)      | colorless (en)      |
| white (wd:Q23444)            | white (en)          |
| green (wd:Q3133)             | green (en)          |
| color of water (wd:Q5148636) | color of water (en) |
| turquoise (wd:Q5960345)      | turquoise (en)      |

Yes, water is colorless. It has a property color with the value colorless among other colors.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is water colorless?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Give me the grandchildren of Elvis Presley.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o2 WHERE {
  wd:Q303 wdt:P40 ?o1 .
  ?o1 wdt:P40 ?o2
}

Using entities:
Elvis Presley, also known as The King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis A. Presley, King of Rock'n'Roll, Elvis, Elvis Aaron Presley (wd:Q303): American singer and actor (1935–1977), military personnel, military officer, philanthropist, film actor, composer, activist, singer, actor

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

Example 2:
Question:
In which UK city are the headquarters of the MI6?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?o1 WHERE {
  wd:Q184560 wdt:P159 ?o1 .
  ?o1 wdt:P31 wd:Q515 .
}

Using entities:
Secret Intelligence Service, also known as British intelligence agency, SIS, Secret Intelligence Service of the United Kingdom, Military Intelligence, Section 6, MI6 Secret Intelligence Service (wd:Q184560): British intelligence agency
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
Which companies have more than 1 million employees?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q4830453 .
  ?uri wdt:P31 ?type ; wdt:P1128 ?num .
  FILTER ( ?num > 1000000 )
}

Using entities:
business (wd:Q4830453): organization undertaking commercial, industrial, or professional activity

Using properties:
employees, also known as workers, staff, personnel, number of employees, employee count (wd:P1128 as wdt): total number of employees of a company at a given "point in time...not deprecated rank). Add data for recent years, don't overwrite
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
The question "Is water colorless?" is a yes/no question about a property of water. We need to find if there is a property or statement in Wikidata that indicates whether water is colorless.

Step 1: Identify the entity for water.
Step 2: Identify a property related to color or colorlessness.
Step 3: Check if water has a statement indicating it is colorless.

I will start by searching for the entity "water" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. water, also known as dihydrogen oxide, hydrogen hydroxide, dihydrogen monoxide, hydrogen oxide, oxidane (wd:Q283): chemical compound whose molecules are formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
2. water, also known as dihydridooxygen, pure water, oxidane, hydrogen oxide, hydrogen hydroxide (wd:Q283): chemical compound whose molecules are formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
3. ice, also known as crystalline water, frozen ice, frozen water, solid water, water (wd:Q23392): water frozen into the solid state
4. drinking water, also known as drinkable water, improved drinking water, potable water, water (wd:Q7892): water safe for consumption
5. Water, also known as Water (2005), Water (2005 movie) (wd:Q617395): 2005 film by Deepa Mehta
6. water (wd:Q2637515): classical element in philosophy and cosmology
7. Water (wd:Q123169436): 2023 single by Tyla
8. ☵, also known as water, U+2635, TRIGRAM FOR WATER, kan3, k’an (wd:Q2785811): trigram for water (U+2635): kan3, kǎn, k’an
9. liquid water, also known as water (wd:Q29053744): form of water
10. Water, also known as Water (Elitsa & Stoyan song) (wd:Q2735297): song by Elitsa Todorova and Stoyan Yankoulov

[Assistant]
The entity "water" as a chemical compound is wd:Q283. This is the most relevant entity for the question.

Next, I will search for properties related to "color" or "colorless" that might be used to describe water. I will search for properties with the query "color".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. color, also known as with the colour, with the color, pigment, of the colour, of the color (wd:P462 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): color of subject
2. colorist, also known as colouring by, colours by, colourist, colors by, coloring by (wd:P6338 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): artist in charge of adding colors to drawings, comics, movie film, etc., illustrator
3. hair color, also known as color of hair, colour of hair, haircolor, hair colour, haircolour (wd:P1884 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): person's hair color. Use P585 as qualifier if there's more than one value, color
4. color produced, also known as colour produced (wd:P7253 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): color or color range produced by a dye, alone or with a mordant
5. for color scheme, also known as color mode, uses colour scheme, uses color scheme, theme, prefers colour scheme (wd:P8798 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): which color scheme this statement is designed for
6. sRGB color hex triplet, also known as color hex triplet, sRGB, RGB, hex color, hexcode (wd:P465 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): sRGB hex triplet format for subject color (e.g. 7FFFD4) specifying the 8-bit red, green and blue components
7. eye color, also known as eyecolour, eye colour, eyecolor (wd:P1340 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): color of the irises of a person's eyes, color
8. color index (wd:P1458 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): color index of an astronomical object
9. official color, also known as official colors, signature colors, signature color (wd:P6364 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): official colors chosen to represent or identify an item
10. flower color, also known as bloom color, flower colour, colour of the flower, color of the flower, bloom colour (wd:P2827 as ps/pqv/prv/psn/wdt/pqn/psv/wdtn/prn/pq/pr/p): colour of flowers of a plant species, hybrid or cultivar, color

[Assistant]
The property "color" (wdt:P462) seems to be the most relevant property to describe the color of an entity.

Now, I will check if water (wd:Q283) has a statement for the property "color" (wdt:P462).

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject         | property         | object                       |
| --------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------- |
| water (wd:Q283) | color (wdt:P462) | green (wd:Q3133)             |
| water (wd:Q283) | color (wdt:P462) | white (wd:Q23444)            |
| water (wd:Q283) | color (wdt:P462) | turquoise (wd:Q5960345)      |
| water (wd:Q283) | color (wdt:P462) | color of water (wd:Q5148636) |
| water (wd:Q283) | color (wdt:P462) | colorless (wd:Q1396399)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the colors associated with water (wd:Q283) using the property color (wdt:P462). The result includes 'colorless' among other colors, which supports the answer that water is colorless. The query also optionally retrieves English labels for better readability. The answer is accurate and complete based on the query results. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?label WHERE {
  wd:Q30 rdfs:label ?label .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "tr" )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                            |
| -------------------------------- |
| Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (tr) |

People from Turkey call the official name of the United States of America as "Amerika Birleşik Devletleri" in Turkish.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How do people from Turkey call the official name of the united states of america?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
In which studio did the Beatles record their first album?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 ; wdt:P175 wd:Q1299 ; wdt:P577 ?date ; wdt:P483 ?uri .
}
ORDER BY ?date
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
The Beatles, also known as Fab Four, The Lads from Liverpool, John, Paul, George, and Ringo (wd:Q1299): English pop rock band (1960–1970)
album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)

Using properties:
performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
recorded at studio or venue, also known as venue, studio, recording venue, recording studio, recorded at event (wd:P483 as wdt): studio or location where a musical composition/release was recorded, recording location
publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time

Example 2:
Question:
Which animals are critically endangered?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P141 wd:Q219127
}

Using entities:
Critically Endangered, also known as CR, critically endangered species (wd:Q219127): IUCN conservation category

Using properties:
IUCN conservation status, also known as conservation status (wd:P141 as wdt): conservation status assigned by the International Union for Conservation of Nature

Example 3:
Question:
List all boardgames by GMT.

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q131436 .
}

Using entities:
board game, also known as boardgame (wd:Q131436): game that involves counters or pieces moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules

Using properties:
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant]
The question asks how people from Turkey call the official name of the United States of America. This implies we are looking for the name or label of the United States of America in the Turkish language.

Step 1: Identify the entity for the United States of America.
Step 2: Retrieve the label or name of this entity in the Turkish language.

I will start by searching for the entity "United States of America" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
2. Istadus Unidus the America, also known as United States of America (wd:Q29045433): Wikimedia permanent duplicate item
3. United States of America (wd:Q100270731): scholarly article
4. United States of America (wd:Q103971355): encyclopedic article; Grove Art Online
5. United States of America (wd:Q105870683): vocal track by Kikki Danielsson; 1980 studio recording
6. United States of America (wd:Q105870692): song written and composed by Donna Fargo, originally recorded by Donna Fargo and released in 1974
7. United States of America (wd:Q106315054): vocal track by Donna Fargo; 1974 studio recording
8. United States of America, also known as Star Trek USA, USA (wd:Q99281400): country of the United States of America as depicted in Star Trek
9. United States of America (wd:L350484-S1)
10. United States (of America) (wd:L399000-S1)

[Assistant] The entity for the United States of America is wd:Q30. Now I will retrieve the label of this entity in the Turkish language to find out how people from Turkey call the official name of the United States of America.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                            |
| -------------------------------- |
| Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (tr) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the Turkish label for the United States of America (wd:Q30) using the rdfs:label property filtered by the Turkish language tag 'tr'. The answer "Amerika Birleşik Devletleri" is accurate and directly addresses the user's question about how people from Turkey call the official name of the United States of America. The query follows the rules by returning the label in the requested language and does not perform unnecessary computations. Therefore, the output is correct and complete.