PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P50 wd:Q312101 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( ! CONTAINS( LCASE( ?workLabel ) , "witcher" ) && ! CONTAINS( LCASE( ?workLabel ) , "zaklínač" ) )
}

Got 35 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                            | workLabel                              |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Sezon burz (wd:Q110944992)                      | Sezon burz (en)                        |
| Владычица Озера (wd:Q110945057)                 | Владычица Озера (en)                   |
| The Edge of the World (wd:Q11747958)            | The Edge of the World (en)             |
| A Question of Price (wd:Q11751682)              | A Question of Price (en)               |
| Sword of Destiny (wd:Q11779609)                 | Sword of Destiny (en)                  |
| ...                                             | ...                                    |
| A Little Sacrifice (wd:Q9361665)                | A Little Sacrifice (en)                |
| Eternal Fire (wd:Q9372652)                      | Eternal Fire (en)                      |
| A Grain of Truth (wd:Q9390914)                  | A Grain of Truth (en)                  |
| The World of King Arthur. Maladie (wd:Q9396213) | The World of King Arthur. Maladie (en) |
| Viper (wd:Q969992)                              | Viper (en)                             |

The notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski apart from the book series The Witcher include: Sezon burz, Владычица Озера, The Edge of the World, A Question of Price, Sword of Destiny, A Little Sacrifice, Eternal Fire, A Grain of Truth, The World of King Arthur. Maladie, and Viper.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Apart from the book series the witcher, name all of the author’s notable work.

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who is the novelist of the work a song of ice and fire?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q45875 ?p ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q6625963 .
}

Using entities:
A Song of Ice and Fire, also known as A Song of Ice and Fire Series, Game of Thrones, Song of Ice and Fire, ASOIAF (wd:Q45875): series of epic fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin
novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963): writer of novels

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

Example 2:
Question:
What other books have been written by the author of The Fault in Our Stars?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q658375 wdt:P50 ?author .
  ?uri wdt:P50 ?author .
  FILTER ( ?uri != wd:Q658375 )
}

Using entities:
The Fault in Our Stars, also known as TFiOS (wd:Q658375): novel by John Green

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
Which musician wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q639669 .
  ?x wdt:P31 wd:Q571 ; wdt:P50 ?uri .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?x ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
musician, also known as musical artist (wd:Q639669): person who composes, conducts or performs music

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find notable works of an author apart from a specific book series, I need to:
1. Identify the book series "The Witcher" in Wikidata.
2. Find the author of "The Witcher" book series.
3. Find other notable works by the same author excluding "The Witcher" series.

First, I will search for the entity "The Witcher" to get its Wikidata ID.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Witcher, also known as The Witcher saga (wd:Q11835640): series of fantasy novels and short stories by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski
2. The Witcher (wd:Q47500433): 2019 fantasy drama television series
3. The Witcher (wd:Q287637): 2007 video game
4. The Witcher (wd:Q18935909): video game series by CD Projekt RED
5. The Hexer, also known as The Witcher (wd:Q1979337): 2002 fantasy television series
6. The Witcher, also known as Spellmaker (wd:Q9372681): short story by Andrzej Sapkowski
7. The Witcher (wd:Q11798735): short story collection by Andrzej Sapkowski
8. The Witcher, also known as The Witcher (remake) (wd:Q117083359): remake of the original 2007 'The Witcher' game
9. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, also known as Witcher 3, Wild Hunt, TW3, The Witcher III: Wild Hunt, The Witcher III (wd:Q4267401): 2015 action role-playing video game
10. The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings, also known as The Witcher 2, TW2, Witcher 2, Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings (wd:Q917272): 2011 video game

[Assistant] The entity "The Witcher" as a series of fantasy novels and short stories by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski is wd:Q11835640. Now I will find the author of this book series.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                         |
| ------------------------------ |
| Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101) |

[Assistant] The author of "The Witcher" book series is Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101). Now I will find all notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski excluding "The Witcher" series (wd:Q11835640).

[Tool]
Got 80 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Zaklínač: Bouřková sezóna: román o Geraltovi (wd:Q110944981)             |
| Sezon burz (wd:Q110944992)                                               |
| Paní jezera: pátá část ságy o zaklínači (wd:Q110945037)                  |
| Владычица Озера (wd:Q110945057)                                          |
| Zaklínač VII: Paní jezera: pátý román o Geraltovi a Ciri (wd:Q110945072) |
| ...                                                                      |
| Eternal Fire (wd:Q9372652)                                               |
| The Witcher (wd:Q9372681)                                                |
| A Grain of Truth (wd:Q9390914)                                           |
| The World of King Arthur. Maladie (wd:Q9396213)                          |
| Viper (wd:Q969992)                                                       |

[Assistant] I found many works by Andrzej Sapkowski excluding the main book series "The Witcher" (wd:Q11835640). However, some of these works seem to be related to "The Witcher" universe (e.g., short stories or parts of the saga). I will refine the query to find notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski that are not part of "The Witcher" series or its related works by filtering out works that have "The Witcher" or "Zaklínač" (Polish name for The Witcher) in their labels. I will retrieve labels for better filtering.

[Tool]
Got 80 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                     | workLabel                                                     |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Zaklínač: Bouřková sezóna: román o Geraltovi (wd:Q110944981)             | Zaklínač: Bouřková sezóna: román o Geraltovi (en)             |
| Sezon burz (wd:Q110944992)                                               | Sezon burz (en)                                               |
| Paní jezera: pátá část ságy o zaklínači (wd:Q110945037)                  | Paní jezera: pátá část ságy o zaklínači (en)                  |
| Владычица Озера (wd:Q110945057)                                          | Владычица Озера (en)                                          |
| Zaklínač VII: Paní jezera: pátý román o Geraltovi a Ciri (wd:Q110945072) | Zaklínač VII: Paní jezera: pátý román o Geraltovi a Ciri (en) |
| ...                                                                      | ...                                                           |
| Eternal Fire (wd:Q9372652)                                               | Eternal Fire (en)                                             |
| The Witcher (wd:Q9372681)                                                | The Witcher (en)                                              |
| A Grain of Truth (wd:Q9390914)                                           | A Grain of Truth (en)                                         |
| The World of King Arthur. Maladie (wd:Q9396213)                          | The World of King Arthur. Maladie (en)                        |
| Viper (wd:Q969992)                                                       | Viper (en)                                                    |

[Assistant] Many works have labels that include "Zaklínač" or "The Witcher," which are related to the Witcher series. I will now filter out those works whose English labels contain "Witcher" or "Zaklínač" to get other notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski.

[Tool]
Got 35 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                            | workLabel                              |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Sezon burz (wd:Q110944992)                      | Sezon burz (en)                        |
| Владычица Озера (wd:Q110945057)                 | Владычица Озера (en)                   |
| The Edge of the World (wd:Q11747958)            | The Edge of the World (en)             |
| A Question of Price (wd:Q11751682)              | A Question of Price (en)               |
| Sword of Destiny (wd:Q11779609)                 | Sword of Destiny (en)                  |
| ...                                             | ...                                    |
| A Little Sacrifice (wd:Q9361665)                | A Little Sacrifice (en)                |
| Eternal Fire (wd:Q9372652)                      | Eternal Fire (en)                      |
| A Grain of Truth (wd:Q9390914)                  | A Grain of Truth (en)                  |
| The World of King Arthur. Maladie (wd:Q9396213) | The World of King Arthur. Maladie (en) |
| Viper (wd:Q969992)                              | Viper (en)                             |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 ; wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 .
}

There are 105 African-American people who have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool] No examples found

[Assistant]
There are no direct example queries for this question. Let's break down the question to identify the key components:

1. African-American people: We need to identify people who are African-American.
2. Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: We need to identify people who have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

We need to find the property or item that represents "star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame" and the property or qualifier that indicates "African-American" as an ethnicity or nationality.

First, let's search for the entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame" to understand how it is represented in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719): more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded i...ulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California
2. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star (wd:Q17985761): award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States
3. Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame (wd:Q3139400)
4. Walk of Fame (wd:Q48673901): 2017 film by Jesse Thomas
5. Walk of Fame (wd:Q51084447): street in Saint Petersburg, Russia
6. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): Wikinews article
7. Walk of Fame (wd:Q7962075): memorial for famous dogs in Battersea Park, London, England, UK
8. walk of fame (wd:Q47502370): sidewalk or similar construction that commemorates outstanding individuals in a particular group
9. Walk of Fame (wd:Q114476628): episode of Cupcake Wars (S2 E11)
10. Walk of Fame, also known as Wigan's Walk of Fame, Believe Square (wd:Q121879112): public walkway in Wigan, England

[Assistant] The entity "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" is represented by wd:Q17985761 in Wikidata. Now, let's search for the property that indicates a person has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): person linked to the item in any possible way
2. Movie Walker Press person ID, also known as Movie Walker person ID (wd:P7745 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): identifier of person on the Movie Walker Press database
3. bases on balls, also known as BB, walks total, walks career total, walks, number of walks (wd:P9188 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): number of walks in a baseball career or game(s)
4. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
5. media legend, also known as video legend, video description, video caption, caption, media description (wd:P2096 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): qualifier to describe the media of the statement. This avoids le...the media is defined at Wikidata. For the date, use P585 instead
6. hotel rating, also known as hotel stars, star rating of a hotel (wd:P10290 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): star rating of the hotel
7. spectral class, also known as is an object of class, is a star of class (wd:P215 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): spectral class of an astronomical object
8. California Sports Hall of Fame athlete ID (wd:P4507 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): identifier for an athlete on the California Sports Hall of Fame website
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject

[Assistant]
There is no direct property explicitly named "star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame." Let's try a different approach: we will search for people who have the award "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) as an award received (P166). This property is commonly used for awards and honors received by people.

Next, let's search for the property that indicates ethnicity or race to filter for African-American people.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
2. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
3. demographics of topic, also known as demography of topic (wd:P9241 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): item that deals with demographics of the subject
4. pronunciation variety, also known as language variant, with pronunciation, with dialect, pronunciation, dialect (wd:P5237 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): qualifier for IPA transcription (P898), pronunciation audio (P44... audio (P989) to indicate the associated spoken language variant
5. classification of race, also known as classification of cycling race (wd:P2502 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): race for which this classification applies
6. Statistics Indonesia ethnicity code, also known as BPS ethnicity code (wd:P2589 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): ethnicity code in Indonesia by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik)
7. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
8. diaspora, also known as diaspora of, part of diaspora (wd:P3833 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): diaspora that a cultural group belongs to
9. ancestral home, also known as native village, native place, ancestral village, ancestral homeplace, ancestral place (wd:P66 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): place of origin for ancestors of subject, significant place
10. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject

[Assistant]
The property "ethnic group" (wdt:P172) is used to indicate a subject's ethnicity. We can use this property to filter for African-American people.

Next, let's find the Wikidata item for "African-American" to use it as a filter value for the ethnic group property.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. African Americans, also known as Black or African American, African-American, Black Americans and Afro-Americans, Black Americans, African American people (wd:Q49085): Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry
2. African-American (wd:L480654-F1)
3. African-American (wd:L480654)
4. spirituals, also known as African-American spirituals, Negro spirituals, spiritual, spiritual music (wd:Q212024): music genre created by generations of African-Americans
5. African-American music, also known as African American music, Afro-American music, Black American music, Black music (wd:Q388207): musical traditions of African American people
6. African American literature, also known as African-American literature, Afro-American literature, Black literature, Negro literature (wd:Q388170): body of literature by Americans of African descent
7. African American history, also known as African-American history, Afro-American history, Black American history, history of African Americans, history of African-Americans (wd:Q162881): black American history
8. African American studies, also known as African American and Diaspora Studies, African-American/Black studies, African-Americanology, African-American studies, Black studies (wd:Q383968): academic field focusing on peoples of the African diaspora and Africa
9. African-American culture, also known as African American culture, culture of African-Americans, Black American culture (wd:Q3007177): pattern of human activity and symbolism associated with African Americans
10. African-American Muslims (wd:Q28219783): African American religious minority

[Assistant] The Wikidata item for "African Americans" is wd:Q49085. Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to count how many people have received the award "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) and have the ethnic group "African Americans" (wd:Q49085).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 105 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?inventor ?inventorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?inventor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?inventor rdfs:label ?inventorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?inventorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inventor               | inventorLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

The Turing machine was created by Alan Turing.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who created the Turing machine?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who created Wikipedia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q52 wdt:P112 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Wikipedia, also known as Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit, WP, Wikipaedia (wd:Q52): free multilingual online encyclopedia

Using properties:
founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator

Example 2:
Question:
Who created English Wikipedia?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q52 wdt:P170 ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
}

Using entities:
Wikipedia, also known as Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit, WP, Wikipaedia (wd:Q52): free multilingual online encyclopedia
human, also known as human being, person, people, nonfictional human, non-fictional human (wd:Q5): any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
Which computer scientist won an oscar?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q82594 .
  ?uri wdt:P166 ?award .
  ?award wdt:P31 wd:Q19020 .
}

Using entities:
Academy Awards, also known as Oscars, The Oscars (wd:Q19020): annual awards for cinematic achievements
computer scientist, also known as computer professional, computer specialist (wd:Q82594): one who studies or practises computer science

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] From the examples, it seems that the property "creator" (wdt:P170) is used to find the creator of an entity. Now, I need to find the Wikidata entity for "Turing machine" to use it in the query. I will search for the entity "Turing machine" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Turing machine, also known as deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q163310): abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation th...pulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
2. Turing Machine (wd:Q7854958): band
3. Turing Machine (wd:Q118469770): Greek theatrical performance at the New Theatre of Katerina Vassilakou, Athens, 2022/3
4. Turing Machine (wd:Q116450980): 2022 board game
5. non-deterministic Turing machine, also known as nondeterministic Turing machine, NTM (wd:Q1190223): may have a set of rules that prescribes more than one action for...t actions may apply for the same combination of state and symbol
6. universal Turing machine, also known as UCM, Universal Computing Machine, UTM (wd:Q2703890): turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on ...e to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
7. probabilistic Turing machine (wd:Q1191836): non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the avail...sitions at each point according to some probability distribution
8. quantum Turing machine (wd:Q765620): model of quantum computation
9. Alternating Turing machine, also known as Alternating Turing Machine, ATM (wd:Q438833): abstract computation model
10. neural Turing machine (wd:Q25325414): neural network with external memory

[Assistant] The entity "Turing machine" corresponds to wd:Q163310. Now I will query for the creator (wdt:P170) of this entity.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The direct property "creator" (wdt:P170) did not return any results for the Turing machine entity. I will try to check if there is a property related to "inventor" or "creator" that might be used instead. I will search for properties related to "inventor" for the entity Turing machine (wd:Q163310).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as wdt/p): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
4. introduced in, also known as added in, introduced by, first published in, first appeared in (wd:P10695 as wdt/p): work that introduced this concept
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as wdt/p): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
7. studied in, also known as is studied by, studied by, science, that studies, researched in, researched by (wd:P2579 as wdt/p): subject is studied by this science or domain, field of work

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "discoverer or inventor" (wdt:P61) seems to be the appropriate property to use for finding the inventor of the Turing machine. I will now query for the inventor of the Turing machine using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inventor               | inventorLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q523286 wdt:P571 ?date .
}

Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) was built in the year 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
When was the Statue of Liberty built?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q9202 wdt:P571 ?date .
}

Using entities:
Statue of Liberty, also known as La Liberte eclairant la monde, La Liberté éclairant le monde, Liberty Enlightening the World, The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World (wd:Q9202): sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, New York, United States

Using properties:
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

Example 2:
Question:
Where was Bach born?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q1339 wdt:P19 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Johann Sebastian Bach, also known as J.S. Bach, J. S. Bach, J S Bach, Bach (wd:Q1339): German composer (1685–1750), music educator, choir director, school teacher, harpsichordist, concertmaster, musicologist, conductor, violinist, virtuoso, composer, organist

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 3:
Question:
Where is the birthplace of Goethe?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?res WHERE {
  wd:Q5879 wdt:P19 ?res .
}

Using entities:
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, also known as Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Goethe (wd:Q5879): German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832), theatre manager, autobiographer, art historian, travel writer, visual artist, statesperson, mineralogist, art theorist, music critic, philosopher, playwright, theologian, art critic, politician, librettist, librarian, physicist, zoologist, diplomat, aphorist, polymath, botanist, composer, novelist, literary, diarist, painter, writer, jurist, lawyer, poet

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant] From the examples, it is clear that the property for the date when something was built or created is "inception" (wdt:P571). Now, I need to find the entity for Hambach Castle in Wikidata to query its inception date. I will search for the entity "Hambach Castle".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility
3. rook, also known as marquess, tower, Rook (chess), rector, R (wd:Q137): piece from the board game chess
4. castling, also known as castle (wd:Q102877): chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king
5. Castle (wd:Q386880): American police procedural comedy-drama television series (2009-2016)
6. Hambach (wd:Q22391): commune in Moselle, France
7. château, also known as castle, chateau, landschloss (wd:Q751876): type of manor house mostly built by noble families for representative purposes
8. Hambach, also known as Hambach (Diez) (wd:Q566907): municipality of Germany
9. Castle, also known as Castle, OK (wd:Q3287085): town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States
10. Peveril Castle, also known as Peak Castle, Peveril Castle eleventh to fourteenth century tower keep castle, Castleton Castle (wd:Q255574): castle in Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK

[Assistant] I found the entity for Hambach Castle: wd:Q523286. Now I will query the inception date (property wdt:P571) for this entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| date                                |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?filmFestival ?filmFestivalLabel ?inception WHERE {
  ?filmFestival wdt:P31 wd:Q220505 ; wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?filmFestival rdfs:label ?filmFestivalLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?filmFestivalLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?inception
LIMIT 1

The oldest film festival is the Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751), which started in 1895.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the oldest film festival?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which city has the oldest running metro?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?metro wdt:P31 wd:Q5503 ; wdt:P571 ?inception ; wdt:P131 ?uri .
}
ORDER BY ?inception
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
rapid transit, also known as rail rapid transit, underground, subway, metro (wd:Q5503): high-capacity public transport generally used in urban areas

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

[Assistant]
The example shows a query pattern to find the oldest instance of a certain class by ordering by inception date. We can use a similar approach to find the oldest film festival by looking for entities that are instances of film festivals and ordering them by their inception date.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "film festival" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Query for instances of film festivals and order by inception date to get the oldest one.

I will first search for the entity "film festival" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film festival, also known as motion picture festival, movie festival (wd:Q220505): dedicated event to screen films
2. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125606262)
3. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125735665)
4. Filmshift Film Festival (wd:Q125712688)
5. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q125713127)
6. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q14681975): annual film festival held in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah, USA
7. film festival (wd:L745705-S1)
8. Cannes Film Festival, also known as Cannes International Film Festival, Festival de Cannes (wd:Q42369): annual film festival held in Cannes, France
9. Berlin International Film Festival, also known as Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin, Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, Berlin Festival (wd:Q130871): annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany
10. Venice Film Festival, also known as Venice International Film Festival (wd:Q49024): annual film festival held in Venice, Italy

[Assistant] The entity "film festival" is wd:Q220505. Now I will write a query to find instances of film festivals and order them by their inception date to find the oldest film festival.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| filmFestival                 | filmFestivalLabel    | inception                           |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Venice Biennale (en) | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The oldest film festival according to the query is the Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751), which started in 1895. I will now provide the final answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?nobleTitle ?nobleTitleLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q7259 wdt:P97 ?nobleTitle .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?nobleTitle rdfs:label ?nobleTitleLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?nobleTitleLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nobleTitle             | nobleTitleLabel |
| ---------------------- | --------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en)   |

Ada Lovelace's noble title was Countess.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What was Ada Lovelace’s noble title?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which daughters of British earls died at the same place they were born at?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri {
  ?uri wdt:P19 ?birthplace .
  ?uri wdt:P20 ?deathplace .
  FILTER ( ?birthplace = ?deathplace ) ?uri wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
  ?uri wdt:P22 ?father .
  ?father wdt:P97 / wdt:P460 wd:Q1128240 .
  ?father wdt:P27 * / wdt:P1366 * / wdt:P706 * wd:Q38272 .
}

Using entities:
earl, also known as count, eorl (wd:Q1128240): English title of nobility
British Isles, also known as Atlantic Archipelago, Britain and Ireland, Great Britain and Ireland, the Britains, These Islands (wd:Q38272): group of islands in northwest Europe
female, also known as female human, women, woman, lady, human female (wd:Q6581072): to be used in "sex or gender" (P21) to indicate that the human s...nder" (P10339) to indicate that a word refers to a female person

Using properties:
replaced by, also known as heir, superseded by, successor, succeeded by, next job holder (wd:P1366 as wdt): other person or item which continues the item by replacing it in... nor identical, but adds to the series (e.g. books in a series)., followed by
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdt): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
said to be the same as, also known as may be, the same as, synonymous with, same as, same (wd:P460 as wdt): this item is said to be the same as that item, though this may be uncertain or disputed
located in/on physical feature, also known as located on the terrain feature, location (terrain feature), loc (terr), on, on geographical feature (wd:P706 as wdt): located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be us...nly political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552)., location, part of
noble title, also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title (wd:P97 as wdt): titles held by the person

[Assistant] The similar example suggests that the property "noble title" (wdt:P97) is used to indicate the noble or hereditary title held by a person. I will now search for Ada Lovelace in Wikidata to get her entity identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ada, also known as Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Lady Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, programmer, translator, engineer, inventor, writer, poet
2. Ada Lovelace, also known as Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Lady Ada, Lovelace, Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, translator, programmer, inventor, engineer, writer, poet
3. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q114068528): GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
4. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q87282992): episode of In Our Time
5. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
6. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
7. Ada Lovelace Award (wd:Q30128828): award for women in computing
8. mail Ada Lovelace (wd:Q100740077): street of Saint-Denis, in Seine-Saint-Denis, France
9. Place Ada Lovelace (wd:Q124088750): public square at the EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland
10. impasse Ada Lovelace (wd:Q125549094)

[Assistant] Ada Lovelace is identified as wd:Q7259 in Wikidata. Now I will check the property "noble title" (wdt:P97) for this entity to find her noble title.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nobleTitle             | nobleTitleLabel |
| ---------------------- | --------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?prize ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q7191 wdt:P527 ?prize .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 5 (xsd:int) |

There are 5 prizes established by Alfred Nobel.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How many theories did Albert Einstein come up with?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?cnt ) WHERE {
  wd:Q937 wdt:P800 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Albert Einstein (wd:Q937): German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955), physicist

Using properties:
notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works

Example 2:
Question:
Give me all writers that won the Nobel Prize in literature.

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q36180 .
  ?uri wdt:P166 wd:Q37922 .
}

Using entities:
writer, also known as penwoman, writers, penwomen, penmen, penman (wd:Q36180): person who uses written words to communicate ideas and to produce literary works
Nobel Prize in Literature, also known as Nobel Literature Prize (wd:Q37922): one of five prizes established by Alfred Nobel

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work

Example 3:
Question:
Give me all writers that won the Nobel Prize in literature.

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q36180 ; wdt:P166 wd:Q37922 .
}

Using entities:
writer, also known as penwoman, writers, penwomen, penmen, penman (wd:Q36180): person who uses written words to communicate ideas and to produce literary works
Nobel Prize in Literature, also known as Nobel Literature Prize (wd:Q37922): one of five prizes established by Alfred Nobel

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work

[Assistant]
From the examples, we see that the Nobel Prize is an entity and it is known that there are five prizes established by Alfred Nobel. To answer the question "How many prizes are there established by Alfred Nobel?", we need to find the prizes that have Alfred Nobel as the founder or establisher and count them.

Step 1: Identify Alfred Nobel entity in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property that relates a prize to its founder or establisher.
Step 3: Query for prizes established by Alfred Nobel and count them.

I will start by searching for the entity Alfred Nobel in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Alfred Nobel, also known as Alfred Bernhard Nobel, Nobel, Alfred B. Nobel (wd:Q23810): Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896), weapons manufacturer, philanthropist, industrialist, photographer, scientist, inventor, engineer, chemist
2. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q18236602): Irish horse
3. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q4992600): Wikimedia duplicated page, scientist
4. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q2047706): train service
5. Alfred nobel (wd:Q82943104): scientific article published on 01 October 1996
6. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q123948893): street in Sofia, Bulgaria
7. Alfred Nobel. (wd:Q55480875): scientific article published in January 1959
8. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q59017243): scientific article published in Nature
9. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q127414859): railway underpass in Helmond, the Netherlands
10. Alfred Nobel (wd:Q124728259): painting by Emil Österman

[Assistant] The entity for Alfred Nobel is wd:Q23810. Next, I will search for properties that relate prizes or awards to their founder or establisher. I will search for properties related to "established by" or "founder" to find the appropriate property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): text through which an institution or object has been created or established
2. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
3. subject named as, also known as established as, established form, established heading, named as, spelled as (wd:P1810 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): name by which a subject is recorded in a database, mentioned as a contributor of a work, or is referred to in a particular context, name
4. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
5. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
6. main regulatory text, also known as regulated by, statutory authorization, statutory authority, legally established by, legal basis (wd:P92 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): text setting the main rules by which the subject is regulated
7. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
8. approved by, also known as erected by (wd:P790 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): item is approved by other item(s) [qualifier: statement is approved by other item(s)]
9. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
10. main building contractor, also known as contractor, general contractor, main contractor, prime contractor, constructed by (wd:P193 as psv/pr/pqn/prv/psn/wdt/wdtn/pq/prn/p/pqv/ps): the main organization (or person) responsible for construction of this structure or building, manufacturer

[Assistant] The property "founded by" (wdt:P112) seems to be the most appropriate to relate prizes to their founder. Now I will query for prizes that have Alfred Nobel (wd:Q23810) as the founder and count them.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query returned 0 for prizes with Alfred Nobel as the founder using the property "founded by" (wdt:P112). It is possible that the property "founded by" is not used for prizes or that the prizes are not directly linked to Alfred Nobel with this property.

I will try another approach: I will search for Nobel Prize entities and see if they have a property linking them to Alfred Nobel or indicating that they were established by him. This might help identify the correct property or entity structure.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nobel Prize, also known as Nobel (wd:Q7191): set of annual international awards, primarily 5 established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel
2. Nobel prize (wd:Q68617247): scientific article published on 01 October 1970
3. Nobel prize (wd:Q68632222): scientific article published on 01 October 1971
4. Nobel Prize (wd:Q56550587): scientific article published in the British Medical Journal
5. Nobel Prize (wd:Q68562111): scientific article published on 01 October 1966
6. Nobel Prize (wd:Q84949135): scientific article published on 01 October 1964
7. Nobel Prize (wd:Q93856116)
8. Nobel Prize (wd:Q93924922): scientific article published in October 1960
9. NOBEL PRIZE (wd:Q81850411): scientific article published on 01 December 1912
10. Nobel Prize (wd:L1244268-S3)

[Assistant] The entity for the Nobel Prize set is wd:Q7191. I will now check the properties of this entity to find any property that links it to Alfred Nobel or indicates it was established by him.

[Tool]
Got 975 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                        | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | instance of (wdt:P31)           | award (wd:Q618779)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | country (wdt:P17)               | Norway (wd:Q20)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | Commons category (wdt:P373)     | Nobel Prize                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | image (wdt:P18)                 | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Marie%20Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie%27s%20Nobel%20Prize%20in%20Chemistry%201911.jpg> |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | subclass of (wdt:P279)          | prize (wd:Q5257307)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | location (wdt:P276)             | Stockholm (wd:Q1754)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | inception (wdt:P571)            | 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)          | Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922)                                                                                |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | described by source (wdt:P1343) | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                                                           |
| Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) | official website (wdt:P856)     | <https://www.nobelprize.org/>                                                                                |
| ...                    | ...                             | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The property "has part(s)" (wdt:P527) links the Nobel Prize (wd:Q7191) to its individual prizes, such as the Nobel Prize in Literature (wd:Q37922). I will now query for all parts of the Nobel Prize and count them. This should give the number of prizes established by Alfred Nobel.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 5 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?birthDate WHERE {
  wd:Q521221 wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
}

The creator of Saturday Night Live, Lorne Michaels, was born on November 17, 1944.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when was the creator of saturday night live born?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who created Family Guy?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q5930 wdt:P170 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Family Guy (wd:Q5930): American adult animated sitcom

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)

Example 2:
Question:
Which television shows were created by John Cleese?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 .
  {
    ?uri wdt:P170 wd:Q25014 .
  } UNION {
    ?uri wdt:P170 / wdt:P527 wd:Q25014 .
  }
}

Using entities:
John Cleese, also known as John Marwood Cleese (wd:Q25014): English comedian and actor (born 1939), television actor, autobiographer, film producer, film director, screenwriter, stage actor, voice actor, film actor, comedian, writer, actor
television series, also known as TV show, TV-series, television show, TV series (wd:Q5398426): connected set of television program episodes under the same title

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).

Example 3:
Question:
Who created Goofy?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q111135 wdt:P170 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Goofy, also known as Dippy Dawg, George Geef, Goofy Goof (wd:Q111135): Disney cartoon character

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)

[Assistant]
From the examples, we see that the property "creator" (wdt:P170) is used to find the creator of a work. We want to find the creator of "Saturday Night Live" and then find the birth date of that creator.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "Saturday Night Live."
Step 2: Use the property "creator" (wdt:P170) to find the creator of "Saturday Night Live."
Step 3: Find the birth date (wdt:P569) of the creator.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Saturday Night Live."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night, NBC's Saturday Night (wd:Q13979): American late-night live television sketch comedy show
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): tv show aired in 2016
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk
5. Saturday Night Live Korea, also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6 (wd:Q7426718): 2011 South Korean television series
6. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show
7. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): Japanese TV series or program
8. history of Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night Live history (wd:Q5866387): List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn, also known as Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9, Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9 (wd:Q5483492): episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Samurai (wd:Q7426709): recurring SNL character, samurai

[Assistant] The entity for the American late-night live television sketch comedy show "Saturday Night Live" is wd:Q13979. Next, I will find the creator of this show using the property "creator" (wdt:P170).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| creator                     |
| --------------------------- |
| Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221) |

[Assistant] The creator of Saturday Night Live is Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221). Now, I will find the birth date of Lorne Michaels using the property "date of birth" (wdt:P569).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| birthDate                           |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1944-11-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process