PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  {
    fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.official_language ?language
  } UNION {
    fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 1 column:
| ?language                        |
| -------------------------------- |
| Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)  |
| Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)  |
| Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg) |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)    |
| Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)    |

The languages spoken in Argentina include Spanish, Italian, Guaraní, Quechuan languages, and Yiddish, with Spanish being the official language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do speak in argentina?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the language spoken in Argentina, we need to identify the entity for Argentina and then find the property that indicates the official or primary language(s) spoken there.

Let's start by searching for the entity representing Argentina in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Argentina, also known as The Argentine, Agrentina , Argentine Republic (fb:m.0jgd): Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal repub...a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city., Country
2. Government of Argentina, also known as Argentina (fb:m.0hq82): The government of Argentina, functioning within the framework of...iary is independent from the Executive and from the Legislature., Author
3. Argentina (fb:m.0j7kl99): Argentina is a genus of herring smelts., Organism Classification
4. Argentina (fb:m.0b6mhsj): The Argentina is an Italian river in the province of Imperia., River
5. Argentina (fb:m.0760t3): Argentina is a genus of plants in the rose family which is accep...ecies, but classified in Potentilla sect. Leptostylae by others., Organism Classification
6. Argentina (fb:m.017j0f4): Musical Recording
7. argentina (fb:m.0xd0y2b): Musical Recording
8. Argentina (fb:m.0c6zptt): Book Edition
9. Argentina (fb:m.0fvh31b): Musical Recording
10. Argentina (fb:m.0x3p0w1): Consumer product

[Assistant]
The top result for "Argentina" is the country itself, which is what we need. The IRI for Argentina is `fb:m.0jgd`.

Next, we need to find the property that indicates the language(s) spoken in Argentina. Let's search for properties related to "language" for the entity representing Argentina.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): Human Language, Country
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): Human Language, Country
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): Bibs Location, Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): Object, Type
5. Titles (fb:media_common.netflix_genre.titles): Netflix Genre, Netflix Title
6. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): Administrative Area, Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): Location, Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): Linguistic hint, Text
9. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): Flag referent, Flag use
10. Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): Religion percentage, Statistical region

No other items found

[Assistant]
The properties `fb:location.country.languages_spoken` and `fb:location.country.official_language` seem relevant for finding the languages spoken in Argentina. Let's use these properties in a SPARQL query to retrieve the languages spoken in Argentina.

We'll start with a simple query to get the official language:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query and see the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?language                     |
| ----------------------------- |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1) |

[Assistant]
The query returned that the official language of Argentina is Spanish.

To ensure we have a complete answer, let's also check the `fb:location.country.languages_spoken` property to see if there are any other languages spoken in Argentina.

Here is the SPARQL query for that:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
}
```

Let's execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 1 column:
| ?language                        |
| -------------------------------- |
| Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)  |
| Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)  |
| Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg) |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)    |
| Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)    |

[Assistant]
The query for `fb:location.country.languages_spoken` returned several languages spoken in Argentina, including Italian, Guaraní, Quechuan languages, Spanish, and Yiddish.

Based on the results, the official language of Argentina is Spanish, and other languages spoken in Argentina include Italian, Guaraní, Quechuan languages, and Yiddish.

Here is the final SPARQL query that combines both the official language and the languages spoken:

```sparql
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.official_language ?language }
  UNION
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language }
}
```

Let's execute this combined query to get a comprehensive list of languages.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 1 column:
| ?language                        |
| -------------------------------- |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)    |
| Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)  |
| Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)  |
| Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg) |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)    |
| Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)    |

[Assistant]
The combined query returned a list of languages spoken in Argentina, including the official language and other languages:

- Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)
- Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)
- Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)
- Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg)
- Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)

Note that Spanish appears twice in the results, which is expected since it is both the official language and one of the languages spoken.

To provide a clean and concise answer, we can use the `DISTINCT` keyword to remove duplicates.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.official_language ?language }
  UNION
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language }
}
```

Let's execute this final query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 1 column:
| ?language                        |
| -------------------------------- |
| Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)  |
| Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)  |
| Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg) |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)    |
| Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)    |

[Assistant]
The final query has returned a distinct list of languages spoken in Argentina:

- Italian Language (fb:m.02bjrlw)
- Guaraní language (fb:m.02w_hsv)
- Quechuan languages (fb:m.03d9kg)
- Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1)
- Yiddish Language (fb:m.0880p)

Therefore, the languages spoken in Argentina include Spanish, Italian, Guaraní, Quechuan languages, and Yiddish, with Spanish being the official language.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.official_language ?language }
  UNION
  { fb:m.0jgd fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language }
}
```

Answer: The languages spoken in Argentina include Spanish, Italian, Guaraní, Quechuan languages, and Yiddish, with Spanish being the official language.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?zipCode WHERE {
  fb:m.0qskp fb:location.citytown.postal_codes ?zipCode .
}

The zip codes for Jonesboro, AR are 72401, 72404, 72403, and 72402.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the zip code for jonesboro ar?

[Assistant] To find the zip code for Jonesboro, Arkansas, we need to identify the entity representing Jonesboro, AR, and then look for a property that represents the zip code.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jonesboro, also known as Jonesboro, Arkansas, Craighead County / Jonesboro city (fb:m.0qskp): Jonesboro is a city in Craighead County, Arkansas, United States... for manufacturing, agriculture, medicine, education, and trade., City/Town/Village
2. Jonesboro, AR Metropolitan Statistical Area (fb:m.093xrf): The Jonesboro Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the U...art of the larger Jonesboro-Paragould Combined Statistical Area., US Core Based Statistical Area
3. Jonesboro Junction, also known as Jonesboro Junction, Arkansas (fb:m.0487yb5): City/Town/Village
4. Arkansas State University, also known as ASU, Arkansas State University, main campus, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro (fb:m.01qv9m): Arkansas State University is a public university and is the flag...nited States. The university marked its centennial year in 2009., College/University
5. Jonesborough, also known as Jonesborough, County Armagh (fb:m.0cn5gk): Jonesborough or Jonesboro is a small village and civil parish in...ring area of Dromintee and crosses the county border into Louth., City/Town/Village
6. Jonesboro Area Technical Center (fb:m.07699tm): School
7. Jonesboro, AR HUD Metro FMR Area (fb:m.075k6_g): US Core Based Statistical Area
8. Convocation Center (A-State) Jonesboro AR (fb:m.03s9w_c)
9. Arkansas State University System, also known as Arkansas State University System, Jonesboro (fb:m.02qz4x8): The Arkansas State University System is a collection of ten camp... This move is expected to allow the System more room for growth., University system
10. Jonesboro–Paragould combined statistical area (fb:m.02w9nsq): The Jonesboro-Paragould Combined Statistical Area is made up of ...rea. As of the 2010 census, the CSA had a population of 163,116., Location

[Assistant] The top result for "Jonesboro, AR" is the city of Jonesboro, Arkansas (fb:m.0qskp). Now, let's find out if there is a property that represents the zip code for this city.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Postal codes (fb:location.citytown.postal_codes): City/Town/Village, Postal Code
2. Area code (fb:base.wikipedia_infobox.settlement.area_code): Settlement, Area code
3. Total Residential Addresses (fb:location.hud_foreclosure_area.total_residential_addresses): HUD Foreclosure Area, Dated Integer
4. Area (fb:location.location.area): Floating Point Number, Location
5. Time zone(s) (fb:location.location.time_zones): Time Zone, Location
6. Geolocation (fb:location.location.geolocation): Location, Geocode
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): Object, Type
9. County Place ID (fb:location.hud_county_place.countyplace_id): HUD County Place, Enumeration
10. 90-Day Vacant Residential Addresses (fb:location.hud_foreclosure_area.total_90_day_vacant_residential_addresses): HUD Foreclosure Area, Dated Integer

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Postal codes" (fb:location.citytown.postal_codes) seems to be the most relevant for finding the zip code of Jonesboro, AR. Let's construct a SPARQL query to retrieve this information.

```sparql
SELECT ?zipCode
WHERE {
  fb:m.0qskp fb:location.citytown.postal_codes ?zipCode .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see if it returns the correct zip code for Jonesboro, AR.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 1 column:
| ?zipCode             |
| -------------------- |
| 72401 (fb:m.01z4426) |
| 72404 (fb:m.01z4433) |
| 72403 (fb:m.01z45mm) |
| 72402 (fb:m.07nqgrr) |

[Assistant]
The query returned multiple zip codes for Jonesboro, AR. These are:

- 72401
- 72404
- 72403
- 72402

Since the user asked for the zip code, and there are multiple valid zip codes for Jonesboro, AR, we can provide all of them as the answer.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?zipCode
WHERE {
  fb:m.0qskp fb:location.citytown.postal_codes ?zipCode .
}
```

The zip codes for Jonesboro, AR are 72401, 72404, 72403, and 72402.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?drink WHERE {
  fb:m.0h24w fb:law.inventor.inventions ?drink .
}

The property "Inventions" (fb:law.inventor.inventions) seems to be the most relevant for finding what John Pemberton invented. Let's use this property in a SPARQL query to find the drink he created.

### Step 3: Execute the SPARQL Query
We will execute a SPARQL query to find the drink that John Pemberton created.

```sparql
SELECT ?drink WHERE {
  fb:m.0h24w fb:law.inventor.inventions ?drink .
}
```

Let's run this query.

```json
{
  "name": "execute",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "freebase",
    "sparql": "SELECT ?drink WHERE { fb:m.0h24w fb:law.inventor.inventions ?drink . }"
  }
}
```

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what drink did john pemberton create?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about what drink John Pemberton created, we need to identify John Pemberton and the drink he created. Let's start by searching for John Pemberton in the Freebase knowledge graph.

### Step 1: Search for John Pemberton
I will use the `search_entity` function to find the entity for John Pemberton.

```json
{
  "name": "search_entity",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "freebase",
    "query": "john pemberton"
  }
}
```

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John Pemberton (fb:m.0h24w): John Stith Pemberton was an American pharmacist, and is best known for being the inventor of Coca-Cola., Inventor
2. John C. Pemberton, also known as John Pemberton (fb:m.02_qg_): John Clifford Pemberton, was a career United States Army officer...render in the critical Siege of Vicksburg in the summer of 1863., Military Commander
3. John Pemberton (fb:m.02qgpmy): John Pemberton is an English former professional footballer and ...pent a brief period as interim manager of the club's first team., Football player
4. John Pemberton (fb:m.04jj19k): John Pemberton is an associate professor of anthropology at Colu...y at Columbia, Pemberton taught at the University of Washington., Academic
5. John Pemberton (fb:m.04n6m7f): John "Jack" Pemberton was an Australian rules footballer who pla...iled to experience a win either as a player or coach in the VFL., Australian Rules Footballer
6. John Pemberton (fb:m.05wk10h): Author
7. John Pemberton (fb:m.0t_8wsy): John Pemberton is an actor., Film actor
8. John Pemberton (fb:m.04r039p)
9. John Pemberton (fb:m.03t75g1)
10. Johnny Pemberton (fb:m.09j61nb): Johnny Pemberton is an actor., TV Actor

[Assistant]
From the search results, the entity that matches our context is John Stith Pemberton (fb:m.0h24w), who is known for inventing Coca-Cola.

### Step 2: Identify the Drink Created by John Pemberton
Next, we need to find out what drink John Pemberton created. We can search for properties related to inventions or creations for this entity.

Let's use the `search_property_of_entity` function to find properties related to the drink he created.

```json
{
  "name": "search_property_of_entity",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "freebase",
    "entity": "fb:m.0h24w",
    "query": "invention"
  }
}
```

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): Invention, Inventor
2. Things named after this (fb:symbols.name_source.namesakes): Name source, Namesake
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): Object, Text
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): Profession, Person
5. Image (fb:common.topic.image): Topic, Image
6. Type (fb:type.object.type): Object, Type
7. Description (fb:common.topic.description): Topic, Text
8. Article (fb:common.topic.article): Document, Topic
9. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): Person, Gender
10. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): Country, Person

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Inventions" (fb:law.inventor.inventions) seems to be the most relevant for finding what John Pemberton invented. Let's use this property in a SPARQL query to find the drink he created.

### Step 3: Execute the SPARQL Query
We will execute a SPARQL query to find the drink that John Pemberton created.

```sparql
SELECT ?drink WHERE {
  fb:m.0h24w fb:law.inventor.inventions ?drink .
}
```

Let's run this query.

```json
{
  "name": "execute",
  "arguments": {
    "kg": "freebase",
    "sparql": "SELECT ?drink WHERE { fb:m.0h24w fb:law.inventor.inventions ?drink . }"
  }
}
```


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?member ?memberName WHERE {
  fb:m.026kt_6 fb:government.governmental_body.members ?member .
  ?member fb:type.object.name ?memberName
}

The data in the Freebase knowledge graph does not contain the names of the Louisiana state senators in a format that can be easily queried. The properties `rdfs:label`, `fb:name`, and `fb:type.object.name` did not return any results, indicating that the data is either incomplete or not structured in a way that can be easily queried.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is louisiana state senator?

[Assistant] To answer the question about who is a Louisiana state senator, we need to identify the relevant entity for Louisiana and the property that indicates state senators. Let's start by searching for the entity representing Louisiana in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Louisiana, also known as LA, Pelican State, Sportsman's Paradise, Sugar State (fb:m.04ly1): Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the Unite...ecies, including many species of orchids and carnivorous plants., US State
2. Louisiana, also known as Louisiana (New France) (fb:m.06c97m): Louisiana or French Louisiana was an administrative district of ...art to Spain as compensation for that country's loss of Florida., Location
3. Louisiana, also known as Louisiana, Missouri, Pike County / Louisiana city (fb:m.0wz6q): Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, United States. The... for a former US Speaker of the House from nearby Bowling Green., City/Town/Village
4. Louisiana, also known as Louisiana (New Spain) (fb:m.02ptx6c): Louisiana was the name of an administrative district of the Vice...g Louis XIV in 1682. It is sometimes known as Spanish Louisiana., Location
5. Louisiana (fb:m.013ck9x): Musical Recording
6. Louisiana (fb:m.0smk4_): Musical Recording
7. Lyman C. Josephs House, also known as Louisiana, Lyman C. Joseph House, Middletown (fb:m.043qsrr): The Lyman C. Josephs House, also known as Louisiana, is an histo...e was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975., Building
8. Drums O' Voodoo, also known as Louisiana, She Devill (fb:m.08mmmq): Drums O' Voodoo is a film about voodoo. The film was written by ...ed by Arthur Hoerl, based on the play by Smith of the same name., Film
9. Louisiana (fb:m.012ngw_h): Louisiana is a 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Robe.... The film was released on July 20, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.
10. Louisiana (fb:g.11btzwkxfm)

[Assistant] The top result, `fb:m.04ly1`, represents the state of Louisiana. Next, we need to find the property that indicates state senators. Let's search for properties related to "state senator" or "senator" for the entity `fb:m.04ly1`.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Representatives (fb:government.political_district.representatives): Government Position Held, Political District
2. Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions): Government Office or Title, Governmental Jurisdiction
3. Elections (fb:government.political_district.elections): Political District, Election contest
4. Country (fb:base.locations.states_and_provences.country): States and provinces, Countries
5. Country (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.country): Bibs Location, Location
6. Country (fb:location.administrative_division.country): Administrative Division, Country
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
8. Government bodies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies): Governmental Jurisdiction, Governmental Body
9. Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): Governmental Jurisdiction, Government Position Held
10. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): Topic, URI

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search did not yield a direct property for "state senator." However, the property `fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions` seems promising as it could list government positions held in Louisiana. Let's use this property to find the state senators of Louisiana.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the government positions held in Louisiana and filter for those that are state senators.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The initial query did not return any results, which suggests that the property `fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions` might not be the correct one for finding state senators. Let's try another approach by searching for the specific property that indicates state senators directly.

Let's search for the property "state senator" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Current senate members (fb:user.robert.us_congress.congressional_caucus.current_senate_members): Congressional caucus, US Senator
2. Senate ID (fb:government.australian_mp.senate_id): Australian Member of Parliament, Enumeration
3. Senate ID (fb:government.canadian_mp.senate_id): Canadian Member of Parliament, Enumeration
4. Date passed Senate (fb:base.lawsandbox.statute.date_passed_senate): Date/Time, Statute
5. Legislative Positions Held (fb:base.government2.legislator.legislative_positions_held): Legislative Position Held, Legislator
6. politician (fb:user.coco.voting.election_results.politician): election results, Politician
7. Politician (fb:government.political_party_tenure.politician): Political Party Tenure, Politician
8. District Represented (fb:base.government2.elected_government_positions_held.district_represented): Elected Government Positions Held, Political District
9. Current house representative (fb:user.robert.us_congress.congressional_district.current_house_representative): Congressional district, US Representative
10. Senate bill (fb:base.lawsandbox.statute.senate_bill): Machine readable string, Statute

[Assistant]
The property `fb:base.government2.legislator.legislative_positions_held` seems to be the most relevant for finding legislative positions held by individuals, which could include state senators. Let's use this property to find the state senators of Louisiana.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the legislative positions held by individuals in Louisiana and filter for those that are state senators.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query using `fb:base.government2.legislator.legislative_positions_held` also did not return any results. This suggests that the property might not be the correct one for finding state senators in Louisiana.

Let's try another approach by searching for the specific property that indicates state senators directly. We can also look for properties related to "legislature" or "senate" for the entity representing Louisiana.

Let's search for properties related to "legislature" or "senate" for the entity `fb:m.04ly1`.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Government bodies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies): Governmental Jurisdiction, Governmental Body
2. Representatives (fb:government.political_district.representatives): Government Position Held, Political District
3. Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions): Government Office or Title, Governmental Jurisdiction
4. Elections (fb:government.political_district.elections): Political District, Election contest
5. Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): Governmental Jurisdiction, Government Position Held
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
7. Country (fb:base.locations.states_and_provences.country): States and provinces, Countries
8. Country (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.country): Bibs Location, Location
9. Country (fb:location.administrative_division.country): Administrative Division, Country
10. Capital (fb:location.us_state.capital): City/Town/Village, US State

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties related to "legislature" or "senate" for the entity `fb:m.04ly1` did not yield a direct property for state senators. However, the property `fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies` might be useful as it could list the governmental bodies in Louisiana, which might include the state legislature.

Let's use this property to find the governmental bodies in Louisiana and then look for state senators within those bodies.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the governmental bodies in Louisiana and then check if any of these bodies are related to state senators.

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?body                                             | ?bodyLabel                              |
| ------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Louisiana State Senate (fb:m.026kt_6)             | Louisiana State Senate                  |
| Louisiana State Senate (fb:m.026kt_6)             | "Senat von Louisiana"@de                |
| Louisiana State Senate (fb:m.026kt_6)             | "Γερουσία της Λουιζιάνα"@el             |
| Louisiana State Senate (fb:m.026kt_6)             | "路易斯安那州参议院"@zh                          |
| Louisiana State Senate (fb:m.026kt_6)             | "路易斯安那州參議院"@zh-Hant                     |
| ...                                               | ...                                     |
| Louisiana House of Representatives (fb:m.02q5vmg) | "路易斯安那州眾議院"@zh-Hant                     |
| Louisiana State Legislature (fb:m.0cyl15)         | "Législature de l'État de Louisiane"@fr |
| Louisiana State Legislature (fb:m.0cyl15)         | Louisiana State Legislature             |
| Louisiana State Legislature (fb:m.0cyl15)         | "路易斯安那州議會"@zh-Hant                      |
| Louisiana State Legislature (fb:m.0cyl15)         | "路易斯安那州议会"@zh                           |

[Assistant]
The query returned several governmental bodies in Louisiana, including the Louisiana State Senate (`fb:m.026kt_6`). This is the body we are interested in to find the state senators.

Next, we need to find the members of the Louisiana State Senate. Let's search for properties related to "members" or "senators" for the entity `fb:m.026kt_6` to find the state senators.

Let's search for properties related to "members" or "senators" for the entity `fb:m.026kt_6`.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Members (fb:government.governmental_body.members): Government Position Held, Governmental Body
2. Article (fb:common.topic.article): Document, Topic
3. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): Topic, URI
4. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): Topic, Text
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): Object, Text
7. Type (fb:type.object.type): Object, Type
8. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): Topic, Type
9. Body this is a component of (fb:government.governmental_body.body_this_is_a_component_of): Governmental Body
10. Web Link(s) (fb:common.topic.webpage): Webpage, Topic

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property `fb:government.governmental_body.members` seems to be the most relevant for finding the members of the Louisiana State Senate. Let's use this property to retrieve the state senators.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the members of the Louisiana State Senate.

[Tool]
Got 25 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?member         | ?memberLabel |
| --------------- | ------------ |
| fb:g.11b7vvyb3f |              |
| fb:g.11b7vycvlf |              |
| fb:g.11btwjcmnm |              |
| fb:g.11btwjd5h9 |              |
| fb:g.11c3k9pqnk |              |
| ...             | ...          |
| fb:m.0wyyz3q    |              |
| fb:m.0x170bg    |              |
| fb:m.0z4g3bn    |              |
| fb:m.0z4gnnx    |              |
| fb:m.0z4gsmj    |              |

[Assistant]
The query returned the members of the Louisiana State Senate, but the labels for the members are missing. To get the names of the state senators, we need to retrieve their labels.

Let's modify the query to include the labels for the members of the Louisiana State Senate.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the labels for the members of the Louisiana State Senate are not directly available through the `rdfs:label` property. Let's try another approach to get the names of the state senators.

We can use the `fb:name` property, which is often used to store the names of entities in Freebase. Let's modify the query to use `fb:name` instead of `rdfs:label` to retrieve the names of the state senators.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the `fb:name` property is also not providing the names of the state senators. Given that both `rdfs:label` and `fb:name` did not return any results, it's possible that the names are stored in a different way or the data is incomplete.

Let's try one more approach by searching for the specific property that indicates the names of the state senators. We can also look for properties related to "name" or "title" for the members of the Louisiana State Senate.

Let's search for properties related to "name" or "title" for the members of the Louisiana State Senate.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Name (fb:type.object.name): Object, Text
2. Description (fb:common.topic.description): Topic, Text
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): Object, Type
5. Members (fb:government.governmental_body.members): Government Position Held, Governmental Body
6. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): Topic, URI
7. Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for): notable_for, Topic
8. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): Topic, Type
9. Article (fb:common.topic.article): Document, Topic
10. Body this is a component of (fb:government.governmental_body.body_this_is_a_component_of): Governmental Body

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property `fb:type.object.name` seems to be the most relevant for finding the names of the state senators. Let's use this property to retrieve the names of the members of the Louisiana State Senate.

We will execute a SPARQL query to retrieve the names of the members of the Louisiana State Senate using `fb:type.object.name`.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
Unfortunately, the query using `fb:type.object.name` also did not return any results. This suggests that the names of the state senators might not be stored in a straightforward manner in the Freebase knowledge graph.

Given the lack of success with the available properties, it seems that the data for the names of the state senators in Louisiana is either incomplete or not structured in a way that can be easily queried with the current properties.

Since we have exhausted the available properties and approaches, I will provide the best attempt at a SPARQL query and explain why it did not yield the expected results.

### Best Attempt at SPARQL Query
```sparql
SELECT ?member ?memberName WHERE {
  fb:m.026kt_6 fb:government.governmental_body.members ?member .
  ?member fb:type.object.name ?memberName
}
```

### Explanation
- **Query Purpose**: The query aims to retrieve the members of the Louisiana State Senate and their names.
- **Properties Used**:
  - `fb:government.governmental_body.members`: This property links the Louisiana State Senate to its members.
  - `fb:type.object.name`: This property is intended to retrieve the names of the members.
- **Result**: The query did not return any results, indicating that the names of the state senators are not stored using the `fb:type.object.name` property or that the data is incomplete.

Given the limitations of the available data, I will provide the final answer.

### Final Answer
The data in the Freebase knowledge graph does not contain the names of the Louisiana state senators in a format that can be easily queried. Therefore, I am unable to provide a list of Louisiana state senators using the current SPARQL query.

If you have any other questions or need further assistance, please let me know.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?nationality WHERE {
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.nationality ?nationality .
}

Nicki Minaj was born in Trinidad and Tobago and has U.S. nationality.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what country is nicki minaj from?

[Assistant] To answer the question about Nicki Minaj's country of origin, we need to identify the entity for Nicki Minaj and then find the property that indicates her country of origin. Let's start by searching for the entity for Nicki Minaj in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nicki Minaj, also known as Onika Tanya Maraj, Onika Tonya Maraj, Point Dexter, Princess of Pop, Queen of Hip-Hop (fb:m.047sxrj): Onika Tanya Maraj, better known by her stage name Nicki Minaj, i...and also had a supporting role in the 2014 film The Other Woman., Celebrity
2. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.0jb0j64): Cycle 17 features the first-ever All-Star cast, with fan favorit...e judges' panel for the first elimination of the All-Star cycle., TV Episode
3. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.0g0dbj6): TV Episode
4. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.0129t7c6): Musical Recording
5. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.0mthrxw): TV Episode
6. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.0wrrscc): TV Episode
7. Nicki Minaj (fb:m.012b5zby)
8. Nicki Minaj Speaks (fb:m.0np03yq): Musical Recording
9. Nicki Minaj cropped (fb:m.0dhcp0w)
10. Nicki Minaj Speaks (fb:m.0npczwq)

[Assistant] The top result for Nicki Minaj is `fb:m.047sxrj`, which seems to be the correct entity for the singer. Next, we need to find the property that indicates her country of origin. We can search for properties related to "country" or "origin" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): Country, Person
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): Location, Person
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): Object, Key
4. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): Date/Time, Person
5. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): Musical Group Membership, Musician
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): Object, Text
7. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): Profession, Person
8. Image (fb:common.topic.image): Topic, Image
9. Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): Place lived, Person
10. Content (fb:broadcast.artist.content): Broadcast Content, Broadcast Artist

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property `fb:people.person.nationality` seems to be the most relevant for determining Nicki Minaj's country of origin. Let's construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the country associated with this property for the entity `fb:m.047sxrj`.

Here is the initial SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?country
WHERE {
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.nationality ?country .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?country                               |
| -------------------------------------- |
| United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query returned that Nicki Minaj's country of nationality is the United States of America. However, it's worth noting that Nicki Minaj was born in Trinidad and Tobago and later moved to the United States. To provide a more complete answer, let's also check her place of birth.

We can use the property `fb:people.person.place_of_birth` to find her place of birth. Here is the updated SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?placeOfBirth
WHERE {
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?placeOfBirth                                  |
| ---------------------------------------------- |
| Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago (fb:m.0gplfm) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query returned that Nicki Minaj's place of birth is Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago. This means that while she has U.S. nationality, she was born in Trinidad and Tobago.

To provide a comprehensive answer, we can combine both pieces of information. Here is the final SPARQL query that retrieves both her place of birth and her nationality:

```sparql
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?nationality
WHERE {
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.nationality ?nationality .
}
```

Let's execute this query to confirm the results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?placeOfBirth                                  | ?nationality                           |
| ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago (fb:m.0gplfm) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |

[Assistant]
The final SPARQL query confirms that Nicki Minaj was born in Saint James, Trinidad and Tobago, and her nationality is the United States of America.

Therefore, the answer to the question "What country is Nicki Minaj from?" is:

Nicki Minaj was born in Trinidad and Tobago and has U.S. nationality.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?nationality
WHERE {
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  fb:m.047sxrj fb:people.person.nationality ?nationality .
}
```

And the answer:

Nicki Minaj was born in Trinidad and Tobago and has U.S. nationality.

[Tool] Stopped generation process