PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?serbianLang ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?name ; SEPARATOR = ", " ) AS ?names ) ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?alias ; SEPARATOR = ", " ) AS ?aliases ) ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT CONCAT ( STR( ?localName ) , " (" , COALESCE ( ?localNameLabel , "" ) , ")" ) ; SEPARATOR = ", " ) AS ?localNames ) WHERE {
  BIND( fb:m.0k0sb AS ?serbianLang ) ?serbianLang fb:type.object.name ?name .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?serbianLang fb:common.topic.alias ?alias
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?serbianLang fb:base.rosetta.languoid.local_name ?localName .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?localName rdfs:label ?localNameLabel
    }
  }
}
GROUP BY ?serbianLang

The Serbian language (Freebase IRI: fb:m.0k0sb) is called by various names in different languages, including: Bahasa Serbia, セルビア語, 塞尔维亚语, 塞爾維亞語, 세르비아어, and others.

Aliases in the data include 'Bosnian' and 'Montenegrin', but these are likely data artifacts and should not be taken as accurate synonyms—Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are considered distinct languages.

Local names are represented by IRIs such as http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.05tmm9q, http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.05tm_rj, etc., each labeled 'Serbian'.

The query returns the Freebase identifier (IRI) for the Serbian language, its names, aliases, and local name IRIs with labels.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is serbian language called?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the name or label of the Serbian language.
2. I need to identify the entity for "Serbian language" in Freebase, and then find its label or name property.

First, I will search for the entity "Serbian language" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Serbian language, also known as Bosnian, Serbian, Montenegrin (fb:m.0k0sb): Serbian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian langua...alphabet was designed by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1830., has type Human Language
2. Serbian language (fb:m.0bpm0hg)
3. Romano-Serbian language, also known as Tent Gypsy, Serbian Romany language (fb:m.013rcr): The Romano-Serbian language is a mixed language resulting from l...ies and distinct from the Vlax Romani dialects spoken in Serbia., has type Human Language
4. Serbian Cyrillic language (fb:m.010s9tqk)
5. Serbian language in Croatia (fb:m.012mc3g8): The Serbian language is one of officially recognized minority la...s sre two standardized varieties of the Serbo-Croatian language.
6. Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (fb:m.03c82v8): The Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language is a lingu...ić University of Kragujevac Srpska književna zadruga in Belgrade, has type Organization
7. Language (fb:m.04g7d): Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of co...istling. This is because human language is modality-independent., has type Website Category
8. Language (fb:type.lang)
9. Serbian (fb:m.0l_22p)
10. Language (fb:m.0l8pmj1): "Language" is a song by American electronic music producer and D... Chart. The song features uncredited vocals from Heather Bright., has type Composition

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Serbian language" is fb:m.0k0sb, which is described as "Serbian language, also known as Bosnian, Serbian, Montenegrin".

Next, I need to find the property that gives the name or label of a language. Common properties for this are "name", "label", or similar.

I will search for properties related to "name" for the entity fb:m.0k0sb.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
2. Short name (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.short_name): part of Context name schema, links to type Text
3. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
4. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
6. Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.languoid.local_name): links to type Local Name, part of Languoid schema
7. Parent (fb:base.rosetta.languoid.parent): part of Languoid schema, links to type Languoid
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Pronunciation (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation): links to type Pronunciation, part of Context name schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for the name of the Serbian language entity are:
- fb:type.object.name (Name)
- fb:common.topic.alias (Also known as)
- fb:base.rosetta.languoid.local_name (Local Name)

To provide a comprehensive answer, I will write a SPARQL query that retrieves the main name, aliases, and local name for the entity fb:m.0k0sb.

I will use OPTIONAL clauses for the aliases and local name, since they may not always be present.

[Tool]
Got 2,752 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| serbianLang                   | name               | alias              | localName              |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)       | Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)       | Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)       | Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)       | Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)       | Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) |
| ...                           | ...                | ...                | ...                    |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)    | Serbisk språk (no) | Serbian (fb:m.05tpbw4) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)    | Serbisk språk (no) | Serbian (fb:m.05tpkyl) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)    | Serbisk språk (no) | Serbian (fb:m.05tpmd9) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)    | Serbisk språk (no) | Serbian (fb:m.05tpqzw) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)    | Serbisk språk (no) | Serbian (fb:m.05tpwq1) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is generally correct in retrieving the names, aliases, and local names for the Serbian language entity. However, there are a few points for refinement:

1. The query currently returns a large number of rows (2,752), many of which are likely redundant combinations of the same values due to the way OPTIONAL clauses are joined. Consider using DISTINCT or restructuring the query to reduce redundancy and provide a more concise result set.
2. The answer should clarify that 'Bosnian' as an alias is likely an error or artifact in the data, as Serbian and Bosnian are considered distinct languages, even if closely related. The answer should be careful not to conflate them.
3. The answer should mention that the query returns the Freebase identifier (IRI) as required, but could improve by showing a sample of the actual IRIs for local names if they are meaningful entities.

Overall, the query is sensible but could be refined for clarity, conciseness, and accuracy in the answer presentation.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s how I will refine the approach:

1. To reduce redundancy, I will use SELECT DISTINCT so that each unique combination of name, alias, and local name is returned only once.
2. I will clarify in the answer that 'Bosnian' as an alias is likely a data artifact, and that Serbian and Bosnian are distinct languages.
3. I will include a sample of the actual IRIs for local names, as these may be meaningful entities in Freebase.

Let me update the query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| serbianLang                   | name               | alias            | localName              |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---------------------- |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) |
| ...                           | ...                | ...              | ...                    |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Bosnian (en)     | Serbian (fb:m.05tpwq1) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Montenegrin (en) | Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Montenegrin (en) | Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Montenegrin (en) | Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia (id) | Montenegrin (en) | Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                       | object                                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                     | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                     | Serbian (en)                            |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | Locale (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.locale)     | Switzerland (fb:m.06mzp)                |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | Languoid (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.languoid) | Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)           |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | rdf:type                                       | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tmm9q) | rdfs:label                                     | Serbian (en)                            |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                       | object                                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                     | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                     | Serbian (en)                            |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | Locale (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.locale)     | Australia (fb:m.0chghy)                 |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | Languoid (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.languoid) | Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)           |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | rdf:type                                       | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tm_rj) | rdfs:label                                     | Serbian (en)                            |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                       | object                                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                     | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                     | Serbian (en)                            |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | Locale (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.locale)     | Ukraine (fb:m.07t21)                    |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | Languoid (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.languoid) | Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)           |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | rdf:type                                       | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tn8ql) | rdfs:label                                     | Serbian (en)                            |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                       | object                                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                     | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                     | Serbian (en)                            |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | Locale (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.locale)     | Bulgaria (fb:m.015qh)                   |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | Languoid (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.languoid) | Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)           |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | rdf:type                                       | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tnb0k) | rdfs:label                                     | Serbian (en)                            |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                       | object                                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                     | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                     | Serbian (en)                            |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | Locale (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.locale)     | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0)  |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | Languoid (fb:base.rosetta.local_name.languoid) | Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)           |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | rdf:type                                       | Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.local_name) |
| Serbian (fb:m.05tncf_) | rdfs:label                                     | Serbian (en)                            |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is generally correct in returning the Freebase IRI for the Serbian language and its various names, aliases, and local names. However, there are some issues to refine:

1. The query currently returns the same set of names, aliases, and local names repeatedly due to the way OPTIONAL clauses are combined, leading to a Cartesian product. This results in redundant rows and makes it harder to interpret the results.
2. The query should ideally return the IRIs for local names, but also try to retrieve their labels (e.g., using OPTIONAL {?localName rdfs:label ?localNameLabel}) to make the output more informative.
3. The inclusion of 'Bosnian' and 'Montenegrin' as aliases should be flagged as potentially misleading, but this is a data issue rather than a query issue. However, the answer should clarify this.

Suggestion: Refine the query to avoid the Cartesian product by separating out the retrieval of names, aliases, and local names, or by using GROUP_CONCAT to aggregate them. Also, retrieve the labels for local name IRIs for clarity.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here’s how I’ll refine the approach:

1. To avoid the Cartesian product, I’ll use GROUP_CONCAT to aggregate names, aliases, and local names into single fields.
2. I’ll also retrieve the rdfs:label for each local name IRI, making the output more informative.
3. In the answer, I’ll clarify that 'Bosnian' and 'Montenegrin' as aliases are likely data artifacts and not accurate representations of the Serbian language.

Let’s construct the improved query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| serbianLang                   | names                                                               | aliases                                      | localNames                                                          |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | Bahasa Serbia, Bahasa Serbia, Id...เบีย, 세르비아어, セルビア語, 塞尔维亚语, 塞爾維亞語 | Bosnian, Montenegrin, Serbian, Serbisk språk | http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.05t...ebase.com/ns/m.05tpwq1 (Serbian) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?cause_of_death ?cause_of_death_label WHERE {
  fb:m.053yx fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?cause_of_death .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?cause_of_death rdfs:label ?cause_of_death_label .
    FILTER ( lang( ?cause_of_death_label ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| cause_of_death                    | cause_of_death_label     |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

Miles Davis died of respiratory failure, stroke, and pneumonia.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did miles davis died of?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity in question is "Miles Davis".
2. The property we are interested in is the cause of death.

First, I will search for the entity "Miles Davis" in Freebase to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Miles Davis, also known as Prince Of Darkness, Miles Dewey Davis III, Miles Dewey Davis, Miles Davis Quartet, Miles Davies (fb:m.053yx): Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, ...ng the masterpiece and reaffirming jazz as a national treasure"., has type Musical Artist
2. Miles Davis (fb:m.0fw_htz): has type Consumer product
3. Miles Davis (fb:m.0__bz46): has type Consumer product
4. Miles Davis (fb:m.023jl31): has type Musical Release
5. Miles Davis (fb:m.0313gmg): has type Musical Release
6. Miles Davis (fb:m.08y2hd1): has type Book Edition
7. Miles Davis, also known as Eight Classic Albums (fb:m.01j5mwq): has type Musical Album
8. Miles Davis (fb:m.0bfdzyw): Miles Davis is the 2005 compilation album by Miles Davis., has type Musical Album
9. Miles Davis, also known as Miles Arliss (fb:m.010p4n01): Miles Davis is an actor., has type Film actor
10. Miles Davis (fb:m.010jk9n): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the musician Miles Davis is fb:m.053yx.

Next, I need to find the property in Freebase that represents "cause of death" or similar. I will search for properties related to "death" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
2. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
3. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Place of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial): links to type Place of interment, part of Deceased Person schema
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Content (fb:broadcast.artist.content): links to type Broadcast Content, part of Broadcast Artist schema
7. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
10. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant property for "cause of death" is fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the cause of death for Miles Davis (fb:m.053yx) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 110 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| cause_of_death                    | cause_of_death_label            |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Andningssvikt (sv)              |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Hingamispuudulikkus (et)        |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insufficienza respiratoria (it) |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insuffisance respiratoire (fr)  |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insuficiencia respiratoria (es) |
| ...                               | ...                             |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | โรคปอดบวม (th)                  |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 폐렴 (ko)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (ja)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (zh)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (zh-Hant)                    |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| cause_of_death                    | cause_of_death_label     |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the causes of death for Miles Davis by querying the appropriate property and returns the IRIs as required. The answer is accurate and complete, listing all causes of death found in the knowledge graph. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?player ?year ( SAMPLE( ?label ) AS ?labelSample ) WHERE {
  BIND( fb:m.035gcb AS ?player ) OPTIONAL {
    ?player rdfs:label ?label
  }
  ?player fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start ?career_start .
  BIND( YEAR( ?career_start ) AS ?year )
}
GROUP BY ?player ?year

Albert Pujols' rookie year was 2001.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was albert pujols rookie year?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the rookie year of Albert Pujols.
2. We need to identify the entity for "Albert Pujols" and find a property related to "rookie year" or "debut year" in Freebase.

First, I will search for the entity "Albert Pujols" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Albert Pujols, also known as The Machine, Sir Albert, Phat Albert, MV3, José Alberto Pujols Alcántara (fb:m.035gcb): José Alberto Pujols Alcántara, better known as Albert Pujols, is...r regular season batting average, walk rate, and Isolated Power., has type Baseball Player
2. Albert Pujols (fb:m.0gh1zhs): Shaquille O'Neal takes on St. Louis Cardinals slugger Albert Pujols in a hitting competition., has type TV Episode
3. Albertico Pujols Acosta, also known as Albertico Pujols (fb:m.05v91nx): Albertico Pujols Acosta is an actor., has type Film actor
4. Meet Albert Pujols (fb:m.06b07p9): has type Book
5. Albert Pujols, Jr. (fb:m.0j6q27l): Albert Pujols, Jr. is the son of Albert Pujols., has type Person
6. DSC00621 Albert Pujols (fb:m.0635_cs)
7. Maggie Gyllenhaal, Albert Pujols (fb:m.06y72wn): has type TV Episode
8. Shaq vs. Albert Pujols (fb:m.0j_bq9q): Shaquille O'Neal takes on St. Louis Cardinals slugger Albert Pujols in a hitting competition., has type TV Episode
9. Denis Leary, Albert Pujols, Jimmy Webb (fb:m.0dkhdtm): Actor Denis Leary; MLB player Albert Pujols; Jimmy Webb performs., Actor Michael Keaton; The Flaming Lips perform., has type TV Episode
10. DSC06139 Shaquille O'Neal and Albert Pujols (fb:m.079xgsh)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the baseball player Albert Pujols is fb:m.035gcb.

Next, I need to find a property related to "rookie year" or "debut year" for this entity. I will search for properties related to "rookie" and "debut" for Albert Pujols in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Drafted (fb:sports.drafted_athlete.drafted): links to type Sports League Draft Pick, part of Drafted athlete schema
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
3. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
4. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
5. Nickname (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.nickname): part of Context name schema, links to type Text
6. Career Start (fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start): links to type Date/Time, part of Athlete schema
7. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
8. Position(s) (fb:baseball.baseball_player.position_s): links to type Baseball Position, part of Baseball Player schema
9. Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
10. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant property found is "Career Start" (fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start), which likely corresponds to the rookie year or debut year for a professional athlete.

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to retrieve the career start year for Albert Pujols (fb:m.035gcb) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| career_start             |
| ------------------------ |
| 2001-04 (xsd:gYearMonth) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer provided (2001) is correct and matches the data retrieved from the knowledge graph. However, the SPARQL query only retrieves the 'career_start' value, which is a date in the format '2001-04' (year and month). Since the question specifically asks for the rookie year, the query should extract only the year part ("2001") using SPARQL functions (e.g., YEAR()). Additionally, the query should return the IRI of the entity (Albert Pujols) as per the guidelines, and any labels should be included optionally. Please refine the query to extract just the year and include the entity IRI in the result.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the query should:
1. Extract only the year part from the 'career_start' date using SPARQL functions.
2. Return the IRI of the entity (Albert Pujols) in the result.
3. Optionally include a human-readable label.

I will now refine the query to meet these requirements.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| player                      | year           | labelSample        |
| --------------------------- | -------------- | ------------------ |
| Albert Pujols (fb:m.035gcb) | 2001 (xsd:int) | Albert Pujols (sl) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies Albert Pujols by his Freebase identifier and retrieves the year of his career start using the appropriate property. The answer matches the expected result (2001), and the query returns the required IRI as well as an optional label. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?from ?to WHERE {
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title fb:m.060m4 .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?person .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to .
  FILTER ( ?from <= "1993-12-31" ^^ xsd:date && ?to >= "1993-01-01" ^^ xsd:date ) OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?personLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

The Canadian Prime Ministers in 1993 were: Brian Mulroney (until June 25, 1993), Kim Campbell (June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993), and Jean Chrétien (from November 4, 1993 onwards).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was canadian prime minister in 1993?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Canadian prime minister".
2. We need to find the property that links a person to the office of "Prime Minister of Canada".
3. We need to find the property for the term or tenure dates.
4. We need to filter for the year 1993.

First, I'll search for the entity "Prime Minister of Canada" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4): The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crow...styled as The Right Honourable, a privilege maintained for life., has type Government Office or Title
2. Deputy Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.01lxfp): The Deputy Prime Minister of Canada is an honorary position in t...ister. There is currently, as of 2015, no deputy prime minister., has type Government Office or Title
3. Prime Ministers of Canada, 1867-1967 (fb:m.06jcgrm): has type Book
4. Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.02274t): The spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada is the wife or husban...f Stephen Harper, who became prime minister on February 6, 2006.
5. The prime ministers of Canada (fb:m.06lxxbg): has type Book
6. Residence of the Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.0cpjvzp)
7. Premiership of Stephen Harper, also known as Prime Ministership of Stephen Harper, Stephen Harper as Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.026g50d): Stephen Harper's term as Prime Minister began on 6 February 2006...xt federal election currently underway, as of August 2nd, 2015.}
8. The Prime Ministers of Canada, 1867-1968 (fb:m.0d9mm8m): has type Book Edition
9. Children of the Prime Ministers of Canada (fb:m.068hdy): This is a list of children of the Prime Ministers of Canada. Sev... Laurier and Robert L. Borden were married, but had no children.
10. Eighteen men: the prime ministers of Canada (fb:m.091zh71): has type Book Edition

[Assistant]
The entity for "Prime Minister of Canada" is fb:m.060m4.

Next, I need to find the property that links a person to the office of "Prime Minister of Canada" (i.e., the property for holding this office). I'll search for properties related to "office" or "position held".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Office (fb:base.services.optometrist.office): links to type Optometrist office, part of Optometrist schema
2. Office (fb:base.services.dentist.office): links to type Dental office, part of Dentist schema
3. Office (fb:government.electoral_college_elected_office.office): part of Electoral college elected office schema, links to type Government Office or Title
4. Office (fb:government.election.office): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Election contest schema
5. Offices (fb:government.electoral_college.offices): links to type Electoral college elected office, part of Electoral college schema
6. Offices (fb:government.government_office_category.offices): part of Government office category schema, links to type Government Office or Title
7. Offices (fb:base.services.doctor.offices): links to type Medical office, part of Doctor schema
8. Office, Position, or Title (fb:base.government2.elected_government_positions_held.office_position_or_title): part of Elected Government Positions Held schema, links to type Government Office or Title
9. Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Government Position Held schema
10. Work area (fb:base.humanresources.employer.work_area): links to type Organization sector, part of Employer schema

[Assistant]
The property fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title looks like it links a government position held to the office or title.

Now, I need to find how a person is linked to the position they held and the dates of their term. I'll search for properties related to "term" or "tenure" for government positions.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. term (fb:atom.feed_category.term): links to type Machine readable string, part of Feed Category schema
2. Term Applying For (fb:user.ajain.default_domain.app_deadline.term_applying_for): part of App Deadline schema, links to type Date/Time
3. Synonym Term (fb:biology.gene_ontology_group.synonym_term): part of Gene Ontology Group schema, links to type Text
4. Semantic Terms (fb:base.natlang.semantic_relation.semantic_terms): part of Semantic Relation schema, links to type Text
5. Related Term (fb:biology.gene_ontology_group.related_term): part of Gene Ontology Group schema, links to type Text
6. Word (fb:user.azurelunatic.default_domain.safeword.word): part of safeword schema, links to type Text
7. Word (fb:user.alexander.default_domain.ipa_word_pronunciation.word): part of IPA Word Pronunciation schema, links to type Word
8. Word (fb:base.words.meaning_of_notable_word.word): part of Meaning of notable word schema, links to type Word
9. Word (fb:base.writing.word.word): part of Word Morphology schema, links to type Text
10. Word (fb:base.wordnet.word.word): links to type Enumeration, part of word schema

[Assistant]
The search for "term" did not yield relevant properties for tenure dates. Since we already have a property for "government position held", let's try searching for properties related to "start date" or "end date" for government positions, as these are commonly used to indicate tenure.

I'll search for properties related to "start date".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Start Date (fb:user.philg.default_domain.concert_tour.start_date): part of Concert Tour schema, links to type Date/Time
2. Start date (fb:base.thoroughbredracing.horse_owner_relationship.start_date): part of Horse-owner relationship schema, links to type Date/Time
3. Start date (fb:base.livemusic.concert.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Concert schema
4. Start Date (fb:base.popstra.rehab_stay.start_date): part of Rehab Stay schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Start date (fb:base.livemusic.concert_performance.start_date): part of Concert Performance schema, links to type Date/Time
6. Start Date (fb:medicine.hospital_ownership.start_date): part of Hospital Ownership schema, links to type Date/Time
7. Start date (fb:base.militaryinfiction.event_in_fiction.start_date): links to type Fictional Date/Time, part of Event in Fiction schema
8. Start date (fb:base.mediaextended.youtube_channel.start_date): part of YouTube channel schema, links to type Date/Time
9. Start date (fb:base.gender.personal_gender_identity.start_date): part of Personal gender identity schema, links to type Date/Time
10. Start date (fb:medicine.medical_trial.start_date): part of Medical trial schema, links to type Date/Time

[Assistant]
None of these "start date" properties are directly related to government positions. Since Freebase often uses compound objects for positions held, let's try to find the properties of the "government position held" entity, specifically for "Prime Minister of Canada".

I'll search for properties of the "Prime Minister of Canada" entity related to "date" or "tenure".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Category (fb:government.government_office_or_title.category): part of Government Office or Title schema, links to type Government office category
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Pronunciation (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation): links to type Pronunciation, part of Context name schema
7. Firsts (fb:base.firsts.achievement.firsts): links to type First Achievement, part of Achievement schema
8. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
9. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
10. Plural (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.plural): part of Context name schema, links to type Plural form

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are no direct date or tenure properties on the "Prime Minister of Canada" office entity itself. In Freebase, the usual pattern is that a person has a "government position held" property, which points to a compound object that contains the office, start date, and end date.

Let's search for a notable Canadian Prime Minister (e.g., "Jean Chrétien" or "Kim Campbell") and see what properties are used for their positions held. I'll search for "Jean Chrétien" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jean Chrétien, also known as The Little Guy from Shawinigan, Rt. Hon. Jean Chrétein, Jean Chretien, Le petit gars de Shawinigan, Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0): Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien PC OM CC QC known commonly as Jean ...e Clarity Act to avoid ambiguity in future referendum questions., has type Politician
2. Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0h30qh9): has type Film character
3. Jean-Loup Chrétien, also known as Jean-Loup Chretien (fb:m.03g_2w): Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien is a French retired Général de ...was the first Frenchman and the first western European in space., has type Astronaut
4. Jean Chrétien Baud (fb:m.05c2m7c): Jean Chrétien, Baron Baud was Governor-General of the Dutch East... House of Representatives. He died in The Hague on 27 June 1859., has type Politician
5. Jean Chrétien Fischer (fb:m.0drxm1s): Jean Chrétien Fischer was a German-born soldier in the French service., has type Deceased Person
6. Jean-Guy Chrétien, also known as Jean-Guy Chretien (fb:m.0fnsxy): Jean-Guy Chrétien was a member of the Canadian House of Commons ... is not to be confused with former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien., has type Politician
7. Jean-Louis Chretien (fb:m.05vjjsb): has type Author
8. Jean-pierre ChrÉtien (fb:m.0h_69xb): has type Judge
9. Jean-Pierre Chrétien (fb:m.0c4g1wp): has type Author
10. Jean Chretien 2008 (fb:m.0bcm03_)

[Tool]
Got 531 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/daylife/topic/03z36kLc4d2DQ                                   |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Jean Chrétien (ca)                                                       |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=77437>                    |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1255pkl1s                                                           |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Politician (fb:m.02xlh55)                                                |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Jean Chrétien adalah Perdana Men...n, ia sering memperolok dirinya. (id) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.0k0y8                                                               |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Hon. Jean Chrétein (en)                                                  |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Gender (fb:people.person.gender)                                    | Male (fb:m.05zppz)                                                       |
| ...                        | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 531 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/daylife/topic/03z36kLc4d2DQ                                   |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Jean Chrétien (ca)                                                       |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=77437>                    |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1255pkl1s                                                           |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Politician (fb:m.02xlh55)                                                |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Jean Chrétien adalah Perdana Men...n, ia sering memperolok dirinya. (id) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.0k0y8                                                               |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Hon. Jean Chrétein (en)                                                  |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Gender (fb:people.person.gender)                                    | Male (fb:m.05zppz)                                                       |
| ...                        | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
3. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
5. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
6. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
10. Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held): links to type Government Position Held, part of Politician schema

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                                                                       | object       |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------ |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held) | fb:m.049ywkt |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held) | fb:m.04kc_7_ |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held) | fb:m.0bxj5cr |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                                                | object                                                            |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.049ywkt | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                                   | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.049ywkt | Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder)                          | Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0)                                        |
| fb:m.049ywkt | Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title) | Minister of Justice (fb:m.02xjt_)                                 |
| fb:m.049ywkt | rdf:type                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                                                | object                                                            |
| ------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder)                                       | Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0)                                        |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Governmental body (if position is part of one) (fb:government.government_position_held.governmental_body) | Parliament of Canada (fb:m.0l_j_)                                 |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | From (fb:government.government_position_held.from)                                                        | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title)              | Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4)                             |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title)                                          | Prime minister (fb:m.060bp)                                       |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | Jurisdiction of office (fb:government.government_position_held.jurisdiction_of_office)                    | Canada (fb:m.0d060g)                                              |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | To (fb:government.government_position_held.to)                                                            | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.04kc_7_ | rdf:type                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                                                | object                                                            |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                                   | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder)                          | Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0)                                        |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | From (fb:government.government_position_held.from)                                           | 1976-09-14 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title) | Minister of Industry, Trade and Commerce (fb:m.0bxj43t)           |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | To (fb:government.government_position_held.to)                                               | 1977-09-15 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.0bxj5cr | rdf:type                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |

[Assistant]
From the above, we see that the "Prime Minister of Canada" position for Jean Chrétien is represented by a "Government Position Held" node (fb:m.04kc_7_) with:
- office: fb:m.060m4 (Prime Minister of Canada)
- from: 1993-11-04
- to: 2003-12-12

So, to answer the question, we need to find all people who held the office "Prime Minister of Canada" and whose term included any part of 1993.

Let's generalize this into a SPARQL query:
- Find ?person who is the officeholder of a ?position
- ?position has office_position_or_title Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4)
- ?position has a "from" date <= 1993-12-31 and a "to" date >= 1993-01-01 (to ensure their term included some part of 1993)

I'll now write the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 77 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                     | personLabel       | from                  | to                    |
| -------------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (ca) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (da) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (de) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (en) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (es) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| ...                        | ...               | ...                   | ...                   |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | ז'אן קרטיין (iw)  | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | 장 크레티앵 (ko)       | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | ジャン・クレティエン (ja)   | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | 讓·克雷蒂安 (zh-Hant)  | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | 让·克雷蒂安 (zh)       | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer provided is correct and the SPARQL query logic is sound, as it correctly identifies the Prime Ministers of Canada during 1993. However, the query returns multiple rows for each person due to the inclusion of all available labels in different languages. To improve the result, the query should either:

1. Return only the IRIs (identifiers) of the persons, as required by the rules, and put the labels in an OPTIONAL clause (which is already done), but then only select one label per person (e.g., using FILTER for English or a GROUP BY with MIN/MAX on the label).
2. Alternatively, if labels are included, restrict them to English (e.g., FILTER (lang(?personLabel) = 'en')).

This will avoid redundant rows and make the result clearer and more concise, strictly following the guidelines.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query and avoid redundant rows, I will restrict the labels to English using FILTER (lang(?personLabel) = 'en'). This will ensure that each person appears only once with their English label (if available), and the result will be concise and clear.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?from ?to WHERE {
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title fb:m.060m4 .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?person .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to .
  FILTER (?from <= "1993-12-31"^^xsd:date && ?to >= "1993-01-01"^^xsd:date)
  OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel . FILTER (lang(?personLabel) = 'en') }
}
```

This query will return only the IRIs of the persons and, if available, their English labels, with no redundant rows.

Final answer:
The Canadian Prime Ministers in 1993 were Kim Campbell (from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993) and Jean Chrétien (from November 4, 1993 onwards).

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies Kim Campbell and Jean Chrétien as Canadian Prime Ministers in 1993, but the SPARQL query also returns Brian Mulroney, whose term ended on June 25, 1993. Since the user asked for the Prime Minister(s) in 1993, it is reasonable to include anyone who held the office during any part of that year. However, the answer text omits Brian Mulroney, even though the query result includes him. For completeness and accuracy, the answer should mention that Brian Mulroney was Prime Minister until June 25, 1993, followed by Kim Campbell and then Jean Chrétien. Alternatively, if the intent is to only include those who started their term in 1993, the query should be adjusted to reflect that. Please clarify the answer to match the query result or refine the query to match the answer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the query (which finds all Prime Ministers whose term included any part of 1993) also includes Brian Mulroney, who was Prime Minister until June 25, 1993. For full accuracy and alignment with the query, the answer should mention all three: Brian Mulroney, Kim Campbell, and Jean Chrétien, with their respective term dates.

Here is the refined answer and the improved query (with English labels):

SPARQL query:
```sparql
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?from ?to WHERE {
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title fb:m.060m4 .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?person .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from .
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to .
  FILTER (?from <= "1993-12-31"^^xsd:date && ?to >= "1993-01-01"^^xsd:date)
  OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel . FILTER (lang(?personLabel) = 'en') }
}
```

Final answer:
The Canadian Prime Ministers in 1993 were:
- Brian Mulroney (until June 25, 1993)
- Kim Campbell (June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993)
- Jean Chrétien (from November 4, 1993 onwards)

This matches the query result and provides a complete and accurate answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language WHERE {
  fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
}

Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| language                       |
| ------------------------------ |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          |

The three official languages of Belgium are Dutch (fb:m.02bv9), French (fb:m.064_8sq), and German (fb:m.04306rv).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the three official languages of belgium?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Belgium" in Freebase.
2. We need to find the property that relates a country to its official languages.
3. We need to construct a SPARQL query that retrieves the official languages of Belgium.

First, I'll search for the entity "Belgium" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Belgium, also known as België, Belgique, Kingdom of Belgium (fb:m.0154j): Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state... Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia., has type Country
2. Belgium, also known as Vermilion County / Belgium village, Belgium, Illinois (fb:m.0shj5): Belgium is a village in Vermilion County, Illinois, United State...tan Statistical Area. The population was 466 at the 2000 census., has type City/Town/Village
3. Belgium, also known as Belgium, Wisconsin (fb:m.01mmcc): Belgium is a village located in the Town of Belgium in Ozaukee C...sin, United States. The population was 2,245 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
4. Belgium, also known as Belgium, Wisconsin, Ozaukee County / Belgium village (fb:m.01mmc0): Belgium is a town in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. T...corporated community of Dacada is located partially in the town., has type City/Town/Village
5. Belgium (fb:m.05ymt7c): has type Author
6. Belgium, also known as Belgium, West Virginia (fb:m.08cdy8): Belgium is an unincorporated community in Taylor County, West Virginia, United States., has type City/Town/Village
7. Bjorn Jiskoot Jr., also known as Mr. J, B.J., Belgium, Bjorn Jiskoot (fb:m.03hkmxf): has type Film actor
8. Belgium, also known as Belgium (acoustic) (fb:m.0t4_02): has type Musical Recording
9. Belgium (fb:m.093zpvh): has type Book Edition
10. Belgium (fb:m.0thdvy): has type Canonical Version

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the country Belgium is fb:m.0154j.

Next, I need to find the property in Freebase that links a country to its official languages. I'll search for properties related to "official language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language(s) (fb:user.ktrueman.default_domain.international_organization.official_language_s): part of International Organization schema, links to type Official Language
3. language (fb:base.semantics.expression.language): part of expression schema, links to type Language
4. Language (fb:base.writing.idiom.language): links to type Human Language, part of Idiom schema
5. Language (fb:user.ameroamigo.default_domain.numismatic_item.language): part of Numismatic Item schema, links to type Type
6. Language (fb:user.fabricio.default_domain.computer_program.language): links to type Programming Language, part of Computer Script schema
7. Language (fb:user.hangy.default_domain.pronunciation.language): links to type Human Language, part of Pronunciation schema
8. Language (fb:base.italiantv.foreign_language_adaptation.language): part of Foreign language adaptation schema, links to type Human Language
9. Language (fb:user.pumpkin.etymology.word.language): links to type Human Language, part of Word schema
10. Language (fb:base.blurbhighlights.highlight.language): part of Highlight schema, links to type Language

[Assistant]
The most relevant property is fb:location.country.official_language, which links a country to its official languages.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the official languages of Belgium (fb:m.0154j) using the property fb:location.country.official_language. I'll also try to get the labels of the languages for readability, but will keep them optional as per the instructions.

[Tool]
Got 129 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                    | languageLabel       |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Bahasa Belanda (id) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Bahasa Belanda (ms) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Dutch Language (en) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Felemenkçe (tr)     |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Holandčina (sk)     |
| ...                         | ...                 |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | ภาษาฝรั่งเศส (th)   |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 프랑스어 (ko)           |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | フランス語 (ja)          |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 法語 (zh-Hant)        |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 法语 (zh)             |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| language                       |
| ------------------------------ |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          |

[Tool]
Got 129 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                    | label               |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Bahasa Belanda (id) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Bahasa Belanda (ms) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Dutch Language (en) |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Felemenkçe (tr)     |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9) | Holandčina (sk)     |
| ...                         | ...                 |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | ภาษาฝรั่งเศส (th)   |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 프랑스어 (ko)           |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | フランス語 (ja)          |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 法語 (zh-Hant)        |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)       | 法语 (zh)             |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query accurately retrieves the three official languages of Belgium by querying the official language property for the Belgium entity. The answer matches the expected result, and the query returns the IRIs as required. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?college WHERE {
  VALUES ?edu {
    fb:m.04hd46b fb:m.0n1jntg
  }
  ?edu fb:education.education.institution ?college .
  ?college a ?type .
  FILTER ( ?type = fb:education.university || ?type = fb:m.01y2hnl )
}

S. E. Hinton attended the University of Tulsa for college.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at http://galera:7002

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what college did se hinton go?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the college attended by S. E. Hinton.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for S. E. Hinton in Freebase.
3. Then, I need to find the property that links a person to the college or university they attended.
4. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the college(s) attended by S. E. Hinton.

Let's start by searching for the entity "S. E. Hinton" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. S. E. Hinton, also known as Susan Eloise Hinton, S.E. 'Susie' Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1): Susan Eloise Hinton is an American writer best known for her you...ssociation for her cumulative contribution in writing for teens., has type Author
2. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.07674vn): has type School
3. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.0766pgz): has type School
4. An S. E. Hinton Collection (fb:m.05qfdx9): has type Book
5. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.076pbts): has type School
6. Continuity within S. E. Hinton novels (fb:m.0f6knm): The young adult novels of bestselling author S.E. Hinton -- The ...That Was Then, This Is Now, and the regrets of a misspent youth., has type Book
7. The Novels of S. E. Hinton (fb:m.05q0whk): has type Book Edition
8. Hinton Area Elementary School (fb:m.07630f3): has type School
9. Ebony Silhouette (feat. Milt Hinton), also known as Soul Silhouette (fb:m.0wwj74): has type Musical Recording
10. Edgar Latimer Hinton II, Sr. (fb:m.0vb4p65): Edgar Latimer Hinton II, Sr. was a businessperson and the father of Ed Hinton., has type Deceased Person

[Assistant]
The correct entity for S. E. Hinton is "fb:m.01_fz1".

Next, I need to find the property in Freebase that links a person to the college or university they attended. I will search for properties related to "college" or "university" for a person.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
7. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
8. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Has value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_value): part of Value Notation schema, links to type Property

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "fb:people.person.education" is likely to link S. E. Hinton to her education history, which should include the college she attended.

Now, I need to check what information is available through this property for S. E. Hinton. I'll list the triples where S. E. Hinton is the subject and "fb:people.person.education" is the property.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                               | object       |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1) | Education (fb:people.person.education) | fb:m.04hd46b |
| S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1) | Education (fb:people.person.education) | fb:m.0n1jntg |

[Assistant]
There are two education entries for S. E. Hinton: fb:m.04hd46b and fb:m.0n1jntg. These are likely to be education records, which may contain information about the institution attended.

Next, I need to find the property that links an education record to the institution (college/university). I will search for properties related to "institution" or "college" for one of these education entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. Student (fb:education.education.student): part of Education schema, links to type Person

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "fb:education.education.institution" links an education record to the educational institution.

Now, I will list the triples where the subject is either fb:m.04hd46b or fb:m.0n1jntg and the property is "fb:education.education.institution" to find out which colleges S. E. Hinton attended.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                           |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04hd46b | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0n1jntg | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) |

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| college                               | college_label                |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | Universidade de Tulsa (pt)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | Université de Tulsa (fr)     |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | University of Tulsa (de)     |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | University of Tulsa (en)     |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | University of Tulsa (it)     |
| ...                                   | ...                          |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | University of Tulsa (sv)     |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | Университет Талсы (ru)       |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | جامعة تلسا (ar)              |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)      | 塔爾薩大學 (zh-Hant)              |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Will Rogers High School (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query retrieves both the University of Tulsa and Will Rogers High School as educational institutions attended by S. E. Hinton. However, the user's question specifically asks for the college S. E. Hinton attended, so the answer should only include the University of Tulsa. The query should be refined to filter out high schools and only return institutions of type 'college' or 'university'. Consider adding a type filter to ensure only higher education institutions are returned.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I need to ensure that only higher education institutions (colleges or universities) are returned, excluding high schools.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Identify the type(s) used in Freebase for colleges and universities.
2. Check the type(s) of "University of Tulsa" and "Will Rogers High School" to see how they are classified.
3. Refine the SPARQL query to only include institutions that are of type "college" or "university".

First, I will check the types of "University of Tulsa" (fb:m.07w3r) and "Will Rogers High School" (fb:m.0gymnv).

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                          | property                   | object                                                         |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                        |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Abstract (fb:base.type_ontology.abstract)                      |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Inanimate (fb:base.type_ontology.inanimate)                    |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Agent (fb:base.type_ontology.agent)                            |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Location (fb:location.location)                                |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Organization (fb:organization.organization)                    |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Business Operation (fb:business.business_operation)            |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Employer (fb:business.employer)                                |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Educational Institution (fb:education.educational_institution) |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | College/University (fb:education.university)                   |
| ...                              | ...                        | ...                                                            |

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                               | property                   | object                                                         |
| ------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                        |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Abstract (fb:base.type_ontology.abstract)                      |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Inanimate (fb:base.type_ontology.inanimate)                    |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Agent (fb:base.type_ontology.agent)                            |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Organization (fb:organization.organization)                    |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Employer (fb:business.employer)                                |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Educational Institution (fb:education.educational_institution) |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | School (fb:education.school)                                   |
| Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Namesake (fb:symbols.namesake)                                 |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. College (fb:m.02p0qmm): A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of...rds trade qualifications, or a constituent part of a university., has type TV Genre
2. College (fb:m.02pytqn): College is a 2008 comedy starring Drake Bell, Andrew Caldwell, a... director Deb Hagan. It was released on August 29, 2008, by MGM., has type Film
3. College, also known as College, Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough / College CDP (fb:m.0qf4m): College is a census-designated place in Fairbanks North Star Bor...lice Department and Alaska State Troopers for police protection., has type US Census Designated Place
4. College, also known as Der Musterschüler (fb:m.0280pj7): College is a 1927 comedy-drama silent film directed by James W. ..., and starring Buster Keaton, Anne Cornwall, and Harold Goodwin., has type Film
5. College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.
6. College, also known as Mitch Silver (fb:m.0dm81zk): College is a musical project from David Grellier, has type Musical Group
7. College (fb:m.04rdns): College is a subway station on the Yonge–University line in Toro...reet/Carlton Street. Wi-fi service is available at this station., has type Transit Stop
8. College (fb:m.0cdk62): "College" is the fifth episode of the first season of the HBO te...ed #2 on TV Guide's list of "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time"., Tony takes Meadow to Maine on a college tour.  While there, Tony...ves a visit from Father Phil and the two have a close encounter., has type TV Episode
9. College, also known as Spiegelei und Coca Cola (fb:m.02wwq49): College is a 1984 Italian film directed by Franco Castellano and Giuseppe Moccia. It stars Christian Vadim and Federica Moro., has type Film
10. College (fb:m.0g00rfp): "College" is the eighth episode of the fifth season of the Ameri...ave division that he is boss of and makes a startling discovery., Jack worries that GE's microwave sales have improved too much wi...Jack is the voice of an online dictionary's pronunciation guide., has type TV Episode

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. University of Washington, also known as UW, University, Washington, University of Washington, Seattle, University, University of Washington, main campus (fb:m.07t90): The University of Washington, commonly referred to as Washington...niversity competes in the NCAA Division I Pacific-12 Conference., has type College/University
2. University (fb:m.07tf8): A university is an institution of higher education and research ...arium, which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars.", has type Building function
3. University, also known as Hillsborough County / University CDP, University, Florida (fb:m.0rlhh): University is an unincorporated census-designated place in Hills...o by locals as Suitcase City due to the high rate of transients., has type US Census Designated Place
4. College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.
5. HKU Station, also known as University (fb:m.06qd4d): HKU is a station on the Hong Kong MTR Island Line located in the...U Station is the largest and deepest station in the MTR network., has type Location
6. University Station, also known as University (fb:m.03kqfj): University Station is an MTR station located near the Chinese Un...n on the line, and has the most curved track of any MTR station., has type Location
7. University (fb:base.atitdatlas.university)
8. University (fb:m.0nd3zxb): University is a 2002 Tamil romance film directed by Praghadish s...h this film. University failed to make a mark at the box office., has type Film
9. University (fb:m.0cj1rn): "University" is the thirty-second episode of the HBO original se...directed by Allen Coulter and originally aired on April 1, 2001., Ralphie does violence to a Bing dancer when his temper gets the ...n't stay romantic for long as Meadow's roommate causes problems., has type TV Episode
10. University (Birmingham) railway station, also known as University (fb:m.05zbvq): University railway station is a railway station serving the Univ...e the station, with some services also operated by CrossCountry., has type Transit Stop

[Tool]
Got 150 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                                               | object                                                                   |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                             | Type (fb:type.type)                                                      |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                               | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                             | Akademi/Universitas (id)                                                 |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)              | The College/University type is u...wiki page on College/University. (en) |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Permission (fb:type.object.permission)                 | fb:m.0z_                                                                 |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                      | fb:m.021y5v6                                                             |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                  | College (en)                                                             |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | ID (fb:type.object.id)                                 | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Best HRID (fb:freebase.object_hints.best_hrid)         | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Included Types (fb:freebase.type_hints.included_types) | Topic (fb:m.01c5)                                                        |
| ...                               | ...                                                    | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant]
From the previous steps, we see:
- "University of Tulsa" has the type "College/University" (fb:education.university and fb:m.01y2hnl).
- "Will Rogers High School" has the type "School" (fb:education.school).

To filter only higher education institutions, I should restrict the query to institutions of type fb:education.university or fb:m.01y2hnl (College/University).

Now, I will write a refined SPARQL query that:
- Gets the educational institutions attended by S. E. Hinton.
- Returns only those institutions that are of type fb:education.university or fb:m.01y2hnl.

Here is the improved query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer is correct: S. E. Hinton attended the University of Tulsa. The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the identifier for the college attended by S. E. Hinton, returning the actual IRI as required. The query is focused and does not include irrelevant items. No further refinement is needed.