PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?year WHERE {
  ?e fb:government.election.winner fb:m.09b6zr ; fb:government.election.office fb:m.060d2 ; fb:government.election.election_year ?year .
}

George W. Bush was elected President of the United States in the years 2000 and 2004. Here is the SPARQL query that finds the election years:

SELECT DISTINCT ?year WHERE {
  ?e fb:government.election.winner fb:m.09b6zr ;
     fb:government.election.office fb:m.060d2 ;
     fb:government.election.election_year ?year .
}

So, the answer is: 2000 and 2004.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was george w bush elected?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
when was george h.w. bush elected president?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?dt WHERE {
  ?e fb:government.election.winner fb:m.034ls ; fb:government.election.office fb:m.060d2 ; fb:government.election.election_year ?dt .
}

Using entities:
George H. W. Bush, also known as President George H.W. Bush, George H.W. Bush, President George Bush, President Bush, Poppy (fb:m.034ls): George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served ...tered the oil business, becoming a millionaire by the age of 40., has type US President
President of the United States, also known as Commander in Chief, President of the United States of America (fb:m.060d2): The President of the United States of America is the elected hea...er or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances., has type Government Office or Title

Using properties:
Date of election (fb:government.election.election_year): part of Election contest schema, links to type Date/Time
Office (fb:government.election.office): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Election contest schema
Winner(s) (fb:government.election.winner): part of Election contest schema, links to type Politician

Example 2:
Question:
when did george w bush take office?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09b6zr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09b6zr fb:government.politician.government_positions_held ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?x .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title fb:m.060d2 .
}

Using entities:
President of the United States, also known as Commander in Chief, President of the United States of America (fb:m.060d2): The President of the United States of America is the elected hea...er or both houses of Congress under extraordinary circumstances., has type Government Office or Title
George W. Bush, also known as G.W. Bush, Junior, Pres. George W. Bush, President Bush, President George Bush (fb:m.09b6zr): George Walker Bush is an American politician and businessman who...s president, the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred., has type US President

Using properties:
From (fb:government.government_position_held.from): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Government Position Held schema
Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held): links to type Government Position Held, part of Politician schema

Example 3:
Question:
when was george w bush sworn in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03bxbl6 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03bxbl6 fb:time.recurring_event.instances ?x .
  ?x fb:base.inaugurations.inauguration.president fb:m.09b6zr .
}

Using entities:
United States presidential inauguration, also known as Inauguration Day, Presidential Inauguration, Inauguration (fb:m.03bxbl6): The inauguration of the president of the United States is a cere... Reagan, the ceremony has been held at the Capitol's West Front., has type Recurring event
George W. Bush, also known as G.W. Bush, Junior, Pres. George W. Bush, President Bush, President George Bush (fb:m.09b6zr): George Walker Bush is an American politician and businessman who...s president, the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred., has type US President

Using properties:
President (fb:base.inaugurations.inauguration.president): links to type Inauguration Speaker, part of Inauguration schema
Instances (fb:time.recurring_event.instances): part of Recurring event schema, links to type Event

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, I see that to find the year George W. Bush was elected, I need to:

- Use the entity for George W. Bush: fb:m.09b6zr
- Use the entity for President of the United States: fb:m.060d2
- Use the property for election winner: fb:government.election.winner
- Use the property for office: fb:government.election.office
- Use the property for election year: fb:government.election.election_year

The query should look for elections where George W. Bush was the winner and the office was President of the United States, then return the election year.

I will now construct the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| year                  |
| --------------------- |
| 2000-11-07 (xsd:date) |
| 2004-11-02 (xsd:date) |

[Assistant]
George W. Bush was elected President of the United States in the years 2000 and 2004. Here is the SPARQL query that finds the election years:

SELECT DISTINCT ?year WHERE {
  ?e fb:government.election.winner fb:m.09b6zr ;
     fb:government.election.office fb:m.060d2 ;
     fb:government.election.election_year ?year .
}

So, the answer is: 2000 and 2004.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?lang WHERE {
  fb:m.077qn fb:location.country.official_language ?lang .
}

The Serbian language is called "Serbian language" in English (Freebase IRI: fb:m.0k0sb).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is serbian language called?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is the language called in russia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06bnz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06bnz fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Russia, also known as Russian Federation, Россия (fb:m.06bnz): Russia, also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a co...descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what is the language called in russia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06bnz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06bnz fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Russia, also known as Russian Federation, Россия (fb:m.06bnz): Russia, also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a co...descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what is the language called in turkey?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01znc_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01znc_ fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Turkey, also known as Republic of Turkey, Turkiye, Türkiye (fb:m.01znc_): Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a parliamentary re...r the Roman Empire and its transition into the Byzantine Empire., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, the approach is to find the entity for Serbia and then check its official language using the property fb:location.country.official_language. The result should be the IRI of the language entity, which in this case should be the Serbian language.

Step 1: Find the Freebase entity for Serbia.
Step 2: Use the property fb:location.country.official_language to get the official language.
Step 3: Return the IRI of the language (and optionally its label).

Let's search for the entity "Serbia" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Serbia, also known as Република Србија, Srbija, Republika Srbija, Serbijos Respublika, Republic of Serbia (fb:m.077qn): Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state ...stitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory., has type Country
2. Serbia (fb:m.03fqydm): has type Musical Release
3. Serbia (fb:m.010z184j): has type Musical Release
4. Serbia (fb:m.0ybq2w5): has type Musical Recording
5. Сербиа (fb:m.0_zjwf2): has type Musical Recording
6. Serbia (fb:m.010sl_64): has type Musical Release
7. Serbia (fb:m.010m7fqq): has type Musical Album
8. Serbia (fb:m.010kjb1q): has type Musical Album
9. Serbia (fb:m.01302nwg): has type Musical Recording
10. Serbia (fb:m.03g7zfk): has type Musical Album

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| lang                          |
| ----------------------------- |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) |

[Tool]
Got 43 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| label                  |
| ---------------------- |
| Bahasa Serbia (id)     |
| Bahasa Serbia (ms)     |
| Idioma serbio (es)     |
| Idioma serbio (es-419) |
| Język serbski (pl)     |
| ...                    |
| ภาษาเซอร์เบีย (th)     |
| 세르비아어 (ko)             |
| セルビア語 (ja)             |
| 塞尔维亚语 (zh)             |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-Hant)        |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                 |
| --------------------- |
| Serbian language (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?causeOfDeath ?label WHERE {
  fb:m.053yx fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath                      | label                    |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

Miles Davis died of respiratory failure, stroke, and pneumonia.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did miles davis died of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did sammy davis jr die of?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01bmlb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01bmlb fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Sammy Davis, Jr., also known as Will Maston Trio, Will Mastin Trio, Smoky, Sammy Davis, Silent Sammy, the Dancing Midget (fb:m.01bmlb): Samuel George "Sammy" Davis Jr. was an American Jewish entertain...r in Las Vegas, earning him the nickname "Mister Show Business"., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

Example 2:
Question:
what did bob ross die of?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02hv0w ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02hv0w fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Bob Ross, also known as Bust 'em up Bobby, Robert Norman "Bob" Ross, Robert Norman Ross (fb:m.02hv0w): Robert Norman "Bob" Ross was an American painter, art instructor...gram that aired on PBS in the United States, Canada, and Europe., has type Visual Artist

Using properties:
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

Example 3:
Question:
what killed sammy davis jr?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01bmlb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01bmlb fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Sammy Davis, Jr., also known as Will Maston Trio, Will Mastin Trio, Smoky, Sammy Davis, Silent Sammy, the Dancing Midget (fb:m.01bmlb): Samuel George "Sammy" Davis Jr. was an American Jewish entertain...r in Las Vegas, earning him the nickname "Mister Show Business"., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, the approach is to:

1. Identify the Freebase entity for Miles Davis.
2. Use the property fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death to find the cause of death.
3. Return the IRI of the cause of death, and optionally its label.

Let's search for the Freebase entity for Miles Davis.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Miles Davis, also known as Prince Of Darkness, Miles Dewey Davis III, Miles Dewey Davis, Miles Davis Quartet, Miles Davies (fb:m.053yx): Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, ...ng the masterpiece and reaffirming jazz as a national treasure"., has type Musical Artist
2. Miles Davis (fb:m.0fw_htz): has type Consumer product
3. Miles Davis (fb:m.0__bz46): has type Consumer product
4. Miles Davis (fb:m.023jl31): has type Musical Release
5. Miles Davis (fb:m.0313gmg): has type Musical Release
6. Miles Davis (fb:m.08y2hd1): has type Book Edition
7. Miles Davis, also known as Eight Classic Albums (fb:m.01j5mwq): has type Musical Album
8. Miles Davis (fb:m.0bfdzyw): Miles Davis is the 2005 compilation album by Miles Davis., has type Musical Album
9. Miles Davis, also known as Miles Arliss (fb:m.010p4n01): Miles Davis is an actor., has type Film actor
10. Miles Davis (fb:m.010jk9n): has type Musical Recording

[Tool]
Got 110 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| causeOfDeath                      | causeOfDeathLabel               |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Andningssvikt (sv)              |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Hingamispuudulikkus (et)        |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insufficienza respiratoria (it) |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insuffisance respiratoire (fr)  |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Insuficiencia respiratoria (es) |
| ...                               | ...                             |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | โรคปอดบวม (th)                  |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 폐렴 (ko)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (ja)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (zh)                         |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | 肺炎 (zh-Hant)                    |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| causeOfDeath                      |
| --------------------------------- |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath                      | label                    |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?from WHERE {
  fb:m.035gcb fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?roster .
  ?roster fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?from .
}
ORDER BY ?from
LIMIT 1

Albert Pujols' rookie year was 2001.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was albert pujols rookie year?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what team did albert pujols play for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.035gcb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.035gcb fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
}

Using entities:
Albert Pujols, also known as The Machine, Sir Albert, Phat Albert, MV3, José Alberto Pujols Alcántara (fb:m.035gcb): José Alberto Pujols Alcántara, better known as Albert Pujols, is...r regular season batting average, walk rate, and Isolated Power., has type Baseball Player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team

Example 2:
Question:
when did babe ruth start playing baseball in the mlb?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01bss ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01bss fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?x .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Babe Ruth, also known as Ruth, Babe, Sultan of Swat, "the Babe Ruth", The Bambino, The Behemoth of Bust (fb:m.01bss): George Herman "Babe" Ruth, Jr. was an American baseball player w...ball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox., has type Baseball Player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
what year was peyton manning's rookie year?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.027jv8 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.027jv8 fb:sports.drafted_athlete.drafted ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_league_draft_pick.draft ?x .
}

Using entities:
Peyton Manning, also known as Peyton Williams Manning (fb:m.027jv8): Peyton Williams Manning is an American football quarterback for ...onships, two AFC championships, and one Super Bowl championship., has type American football player

Using properties:
Drafted (fb:sports.drafted_athlete.drafted): links to type Sports League Draft Pick, part of Drafted athlete schema
Draft (fb:sports.sports_league_draft_pick.draft): part of Sports League Draft Pick schema, links to type Sports League Draft

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, especially the one about Babe Ruth and Peyton Manning, it appears that Freebase stores information about when an athlete started playing for a team using the property fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams, which links to a roster object. The roster object has a "from" property (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from) indicating the start date.

For Albert Pujols (fb:m.035gcb), I should look for the earliest "from" date in his team rosters, which would correspond to his rookie year.

Let's construct a query to get all the "from" years for Albert Pujols' teams and select the earliest one.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| from             |
| ---------------- |
| 2001 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?x ?xLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0d060g fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?x .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title fb:m.060bp .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to
  }
  BIND( STRBEFORE( STR( ?from ) , " " ) AS ?fromDate ) BIND( STRBEFORE( STR( ?to ) , " " ) AS ?toDate ) FILTER ( ( ! BOUND( ?fromDate ) || ?fromDate <= "1993-12-31" ) && ( ! BOUND( ?toDate ) || ?toDate >= "1993-01-01" ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?x rdfs:label ?xLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?xLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

The Prime Ministers of Canada in 1993 were Kim Campbell (served until November 4, 1993) and Jean Chrétien (started November 4, 1993).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was canadian prime minister in 1993?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who was the prime minister of canada in 1998?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?x .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title fb:m.060bp .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "1998-12-31" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "1998-01-01" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Prime minister, also known as Taoiseach (fb:m.060bp): A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the e...inisters to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature., has type Government office category
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title): links to type Government office category, part of Government Position Held schema
From (fb:government.government_position_held.from): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Politician
To (fb:government.government_position_held.to): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held

Example 2:
Question:
what sort of government does canada have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what kind government does canada have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
From the similar example for "who was the prime minister of canada in 1998?", I see that:

- The entity for Canada is fb:m.0d060g.
- The entity for "Prime minister" is fb:m.060bp.
- The relevant properties are:
  - fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials (to get government positions in Canada)
  - fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder (to get the person)
  - fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title (to filter for Prime Minister)
  - fb:government.government_position_held.from and .to (to filter by date)

I will adapt the example query to 1993 instead of 1998, and add an OPTIONAL clause to get the label of the person.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Not supported: Function "<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#datetime>" is currently not supported by QLever.

[Assistant]
The error indicates that the function xsd:datetime is not supported by QLever. To work around this, I will use string comparison for the dates, which is often sufficient for ISO date strings. I will remove the xsd:datetime casts and compare the date strings directly.

Let me adjust the query accordingly.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which suggests that either the date filtering is too restrictive, or the data is structured differently. To debug, I will first check what government positions for "Prime Minister" exist for Canada, without any date filtering, and see what kind of date values are present.

This will help me understand if the date properties are present and how they are formatted.

[Tool]
Got 642 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| y            | x                              | from                  | to                    | xLabel                        |
| ------------ | ------------------------------ | --------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| fb:m.04kmh1b | John A. Macdonald (fb:m.041rh) | 1867-07-01 (xsd:date) | 1873-11-05 (xsd:date) | 约翰·亚历山大·麦克唐纳 (zh)             |
| fb:m.04kmh1b | John A. Macdonald (fb:m.041rh) | 1867-07-01 (xsd:date) | 1873-11-05 (xsd:date) | Džons Makdonalds (lv)         |
| fb:m.04kmh1b | John A. Macdonald (fb:m.041rh) | 1867-07-01 (xsd:date) | 1873-11-05 (xsd:date) | John Alexander Macdonald (cs) |
| fb:m.04kmh1b | John A. Macdonald (fb:m.041rh) | 1867-07-01 (xsd:date) | 1873-11-05 (xsd:date) | John Alexander Macdonald (es) |
| fb:m.04kmh1b | John A. Macdonald (fb:m.041rh) | 1867-07-01 (xsd:date) | 1873-11-05 (xsd:date) | John Alexander Macdonald (pt) |
| ...          | ...                            | ...                   | ...                   | ...                           |
| fb:m.05cqqyt | Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165)   | 2006-02-06 (xsd:date) |                       | Stephen Harper (ms)           |
| fb:m.05cqqyt | Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165)   | 2006-02-06 (xsd:date) |                       | Stephen Harper (nl)           |
| fb:m.05cqqyt | Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165)   | 2006-02-06 (xsd:date) |                       | Stephen Harper (no)           |
| fb:m.05cqqyt | Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165)   | 2006-02-06 (xsd:date) |                       | Stephen Harper (pl)           |
| fb:m.05cqqyt | Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165)   | 2006-02-06 (xsd:date) |                       | Stephen Harper (pt)           |

[Assistant]
I see that the date values are in the format "YYYY-MM-DD (xsd:date)". The actual value is a string like "1993-06-25 (xsd:date)". For string comparison, I need to extract just the "YYYY-MM-DD" part.

To do this, I will use the STRBEFORE function to extract the date part before the space. I will then compare these extracted dates to "1993-01-01" and "1993-12-31".

Let me write a query that extracts the date part and filters accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 39 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| x                            | xLabel                |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | Stephen Harper (ca)   |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | Stephen Harper (cs)   |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | Stephen Harper (da)   |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | Stephen Harper (de)   |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | Stephen Harper (en)   |
| ...                          | ...                   |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | สตีเฟน ฮาร์เปอร์ (th) |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | 스티븐 하퍼 (ko)           |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | スティーヴン・ハーパー (ja)      |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | 史蒂芬·哈珀 (zh-Hant)      |
| Stephen Harper (fb:m.01k165) | 斯蒂芬·哈珀 (zh)           |

[Assistant]
The results only show Stephen Harper, who was not Prime Minister in 1993. This suggests that the date filtering is not working as intended, possibly due to how the OPTIONAL date fields are handled.

To debug further, I will look at the actual "from" and "to" dates for all Prime Ministers around 1993, and see which names and dates are present. I will limit the results to those with "from" or "to" dates between 1990 and 1995.

[Tool]
Got 52 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| x                          | xLabel             | from                  | to                    |
| -------------------------- | ------------------ | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | Kim Campbell (da)  | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | 金·坎贝尔 (zh)         | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | 金·坎貝爾 (zh-Hant)    | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | キム・キャンベル (ja)      | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)  | 킴 캠벨 (ko)          | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| ...                        | ...                | ...                   | ...                   |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Jean Chrétien (es) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Jean Chrétien (en) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Jean Chrétien (de) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Jean Chrétien (cs) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0) | Jean Chrétien (ca) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |

[Assistant]
From the results, I see that in 1993 there were two Prime Ministers of Canada:
- Kim Campbell (from 1993-06-25 to 1993-11-04)
- Jean Chrétien (from 1993-11-04 onwards)

This means both were Prime Minister during 1993, with Kim Campbell serving until November 4, and Jean Chrétien starting from November 4.

I will now write a final query that returns the IRIs of the Prime Ministers of Canada who were in office at any time during 1993, along with their English labels.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?lang ?langLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?lang .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lang rdfs:label ?langLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?langLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 3

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| lang                           | langLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    | Dutch Language (en)  |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) | German Language (en) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          | French (en)          |

The three official languages of Belgium are Dutch, French, and German.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the three official languages of belgium?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what language do they in belgium?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0154j ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Belgium, also known as België, Belgique, Kingdom of Belgium (fb:m.0154j): Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state... Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what language do they in belgium?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0154j ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Belgium, also known as België, Belgique, Kingdom of Belgium (fb:m.0154j): Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state... Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what language people speak in belgium?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0154j ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Belgium, also known as België, Belgique, Kingdom of Belgium (fb:m.0154j): Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state... Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
The similar examples show that the entity for Belgium is fb:m.0154j and the property for official language is fb:location.country.official_language. The queries use SELECT DISTINCT to get the languages.

To answer your question, I will write a SPARQL query that retrieves the three official languages of Belgium, returning their IRIs and optionally their labels.

Here is the query I will use:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?lang ?langLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?lang .
  OPTIONAL { ?lang rdfs:label ?langLabel . FILTER (lang(?langLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 3
```

Now, I will execute this query to get the answer.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| lang                           | langLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    | Dutch Language (en)  |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) | German Language (en) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          | French (en)          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?college WHERE {
  fb:m.01_fz1 fb:people.person.education ?edu .
  ?edu fb:education.education.institution ?college .
  ?college fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
}

S. E. Hinton attended the University of Tulsa.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what college did se hinton go?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did c.s. lewis go to college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01wd02c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01wd02c fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
}

Using entities:
C. S. Lewis, also known as Jack, N. W. Clerk, LEWIS C.S., Lewis, C.S., Jacksie (fb:m.01wd02c): Clive Staples Lewis was a British novelist, poet, academic, medi...adcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim., has type Author
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where did cutler jay go to college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.097hft ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.097hft fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jay Cutler, also known as Jay Christopher Cutler (fb:m.097hft): Jay Christopher Cutler is an American football quarterback for t...of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Vanderbilt., has type American football player

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where did president eisenhower go to college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.028rk ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.028rk fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
}

Using entities:
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.
Dwight D. Eisenhower, also known as David Dwight Eisenhower, President Eisenhower, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ike (fb:m.028rk): Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the Unit... A. Taft, campaigning against "Communism, Korea and corruption"., has type US President

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sebastián Hinton, also known as Sebastián Asturias Lopez (fb:m.0gchn0f): Sebastián Hinton is an actor., has type Film actor
2. Sean Hinton (fb:m.011cj_bw): Sean Hinton is an actor and producer., has type Film actor
3. Sebastian Hinton (fb:m.0b_pzww): has type Deceased Person
4. Seth Hinton (fb:m.0zfv39k): Seth Hinton is an American Football placekicker for the VMI Keydets., has type Athlete
5. Hinton, also known as Hinton, West Virginia, Summers County / Hinton city (fb:m.010ywb): Hinton is a city in Summers County, West Virginia, United States...center. Part of Paramount's 1994 film Lassie was shot in Hinton., has type City/Town/Village
6. Hinton, also known as Plymouth County / Hinton city, Hinton, Iowa (fb:m.0t26y): Hinton is a city in Plymouth County, Iowa, United States. The population was 928 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
7. Hinton, also known as Caddo County / Hinton town, Hinton, Oklahoma (fb:m.0z4hw): Hinton is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The p...2000 census. It is approximately 50 miles west of Oklahoma City., has type City/Town/Village
8. Hinton, also known as Hinton, Canada, Hinton, Alberta (fb:m.0270v5): Hinton is a town in west-central Alberta, Canada. It is located ...f Yellowhead and Bighorn Highway, in the Athabasca River valley., has type City/Town/Village
9. Hinton, also known as Hinton, Gloucestershire (fb:m.08qh3x): Hinton is a village in South Gloucestershire, England. It is one...he civil parish of Dyrham and Hinton. The Bull is the local pub., has type City/Town/Village
10. Hinton, Virginia, also known as Hinton, Hinton, Virginia (fb:m.04c1c9g): Hinton is an unincorporated community located in Rockingham Coun...nd Route 752 near the edge of George Washington National Forest., has type City/Town/Village

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. S. E. Hinton, also known as Susan Eloise Hinton, S.E. 'Susie' Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1): Susan Eloise Hinton is an American writer best known for her you...ssociation for her cumulative contribution in writing for teens., has type Author
2. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.07674vn): has type School
3. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.0766pgz): has type School
4. An S. E. Hinton Collection (fb:m.05qfdx9): has type Book
5. Hinton Elementary School (fb:m.076pbts): has type School
6. Continuity within S. E. Hinton novels (fb:m.0f6knm): The young adult novels of bestselling author S.E. Hinton -- The ...That Was Then, This Is Now, and the regrets of a misspent youth., has type Book
7. The Novels of S. E. Hinton (fb:m.05q0whk): has type Book Edition
8. Hinton Area Elementary School (fb:m.07630f3): has type School
9. Ebony Silhouette (feat. Milt Hinton), also known as Soul Silhouette (fb:m.0wwj74): has type Musical Recording
10. Edgar Latimer Hinton II, Sr. (fb:m.0vb4p65): Edgar Latimer Hinton II, Sr. was a businessperson and the father of Ed Hinton., has type Deceased Person

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
3. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Web Link(s) (fb:common.topic.webpage): links to type Webpage, part of Topic schema
7. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                               | object       |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1) | Education (fb:people.person.education) | fb:m.04hd46b |
| S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1) | Education (fb:people.person.education) | fb:m.0n1jntg |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                             |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04hd46b | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.04hd46b | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r)   |
| fb:m.04hd46b | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1)         |
| fb:m.04hd46b | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education) |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0n1jntg | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)    |
| fb:m.0n1jntg | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Will Rogers High School (fb:m.0gymnv) |
| fb:m.0n1jntg | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | S. E. Hinton (fb:m.01_fz1)            |
| fb:m.0n1jntg | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)    |

[Tool]
Got 522 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                          | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/nces/ipeds/207971                                             |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Universidade de Tulsa (pt)                                               |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2C%27%45%39%29_%2A%44%33%27>              |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1255t66vv                                                           |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl)                                        |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | A Universidade de Tulsa é uma un...competem pela Divisão I da NCAA. (pt) |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.07w3x                                                               |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | TU (en)                                                                  |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby)                     | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0)                                   |
| ...                              | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                          | property                   | object                     |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | Universidade de Tulsa (pt) |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | Université de Tulsa (fr)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | University of Tulsa (de)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | University of Tulsa (en)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | University of Tulsa (it)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | University of Tulsa (no)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | University of Tulsa (sv)   |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | Университет Талсы (ru)     |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | جامعة تلسا (ar)            |
| University of Tulsa (fb:m.07w3r) | Name (fb:type.object.name) | 塔爾薩大學 (zh-Hant)            |

[Tool] Stopped generation process