PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?education WHERE {
  fb:m.02z3d24 fb:people.person.education ?education .
  ?education fb:education.education.institution fb:m.065y4w7 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| education    |
| ------------ |
| fb:m.0n1cn_d |

Spencer Pratt went to the University of Southern California.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did spencer pratt go to school?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did ryan dunn died from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04sdsv ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04sdsv fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Ryan Dunn, also known as Ryan Matthew Dunn, Ryan Dunn a.k.a. Random Hero, Ryan Dunn aka Plugs, Random Hero, Prima Dunna (fb:m.04sdsv): Ryan Matthew Dunn was an American stunt performer, television pe... Zachary Hartwell, a production assistant on Jackass Number Two., has type TV Program Creator

Using properties:
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

Example 2:
Question:
what form of government is israel?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03spz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03spz fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Israel, also known as State of Israel (fb:m.03spz): Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western ...itish Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
who all was richard burton married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cg9f ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cg9f fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice
Richard Burton, also known as Richard Burton, CBE, Richard Jenkins, Richard Walter Jenkins, Rich, Burton (fb:m.0cg9f): Richard Burton, CBE was a Welsh stage and cinema actor noted for... The couple's turbulent relationship was rarely out of the news., Richard Burton, CBE (10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Wel...recipient of BAFTA, Golden Globe and Tony Awards for Best Actor., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

[Assistant] I have seen examples where the entity is identified and then a property related to education or school is used to get the answer. Now I will search for the entity "Spencer Pratt" in the freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Spencer Pratt, also known as Spencer William Pratt (fb:m.02z3d24): Spencer William Pratt is an American television personality. In ...Apostol discuss current events, reality TV, and their own lives., has type Celebrity
2. Spencer Pratt (fb:m.0br79xp): has type Author
3. Spencer Charles Pratt (fb:m.0qgyd70): Spencer Charles Pratt was a lawyer., has type Deceased Person
4. Spencer Pratt 2009 (fb:m.05td0_c)
5. Amanda Beard/Heidi & Spencer Pratt, also known as Amanda Beard/Heidi & Spencer Pratt (fb:m.011cwr20): Olympian Amanda Beard switches places with reality-TV star Heidi Pratt., has type TV Episode
6. Keanu Reeves, Heidi & Spencer Pratt (fb:m.0dkkynt): has type TV Episode
7. Heidi and Spencer Pratt must stop (fb:m.08vp1r3)
8. Carrie Underwood, Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt, also known as Carrie Underwood, Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt (fb:m.07yr7vk): has type TV Episode
9. Whoopi Goldberg , Spencer Pratt, Nick Griffin (fb:m.06y74n5): has type TV Episode
10. Heidi Montag and Spencer Pratt get hitched (fb:m.09wrvdm)

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for Spencer Pratt is fb:m.02z3d24 which corresponds to Spencer William Pratt, an American television personality. Now I will search for properties related to school or education for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
7. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
10. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Education" (fb:people.person.education) seems to be the most relevant to find where Spencer Pratt went to school. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the education information for Spencer Pratt (fb:m.02z3d24).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| education    | educationLabel |
| ------------ | -------------- |
| fb:m.0n1cn_d |                |

[Assistant] The query returned one education entity (fb:m.0n1cn_d) but without a label. I will now query the label of this education entity to find out the name of the school.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The education entity fb:m.0n1cn_d does not have an English label. I will try to get more information about this education entity by querying its type and any other labels or descriptions.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| property                                         | value                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | University of Southern California (fb:m.065y4w7) |
| Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Spencer Pratt (fb:m.02z3d24)                     |
| Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)               |
| rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)               |

[Assistant] The education entity fb:m.0n1cn_d is linked to the University of Southern California (fb:m.065y4w7) as the institution. This indicates that Spencer Pratt went to the University of Southern California. I will now confirm the label of the University of Southern California.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                                  |
| -------------------------------------- |
| University of Southern California (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?award WHERE {
  fb:m.04wqr fb:award.award_winner.awards_won ?award .
}

Marilyn Monroe won the following awards (identified by their Freebase IDs): fb:m.04yplbb, fb:m.07ynmx5, fb:m.0c1rc79, fb:m.0m20gt1, fb:m.0my31c4. Unfortunately, the knowledge graph does not provide labels or names for these awards.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what awards did marilyn monroe won?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what type of guitar does kirk hammett play?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0489w ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0489w fb:music.group_member.instruments_played ?x .
  ?x fb:music.instrument.family fb:m.0342h .
}

Using entities:
Guitar (fb:m.0342h): The guitar is a popular musical instrument classified as a strin...a solo instrument using a comprehensive fingerpicking technique., has type Interest
Kirk Hammett, also known as Metallica, The Ripper, Kirk Lee Hammett, Hammett, Kirk, Kirk Hampster (fb:m.0489w): Kirk Lee Hammett is the lead guitarist and songwriter for the he...umber 5 in Joel McIver's book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists., has type Songwriter

Using properties:
Instruments Played (fb:music.group_member.instruments_played): links to type Musical instrument, part of Musician schema
Family (fb:music.instrument.family): part of Musical instrument schema, links to type Musical instrument

Example 2:
Question:
what money do they use in chile?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01p1v ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01p1v fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Chile, also known as Republic of Chile (fb:m.01p1v): Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American cou...nth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
where is victoria beckham from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cgfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cgfb fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Victoria Beckham, also known as Victoria Caroline Beckham, Victoria Caroline Adams, Victoria Adams Wood, Victoria Adams, Victoria (fb:m.0cgfb): Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English businesswoman, fashion d...hed an eponymous label in 2008 and a lower-priced label in 2011., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Assistant] The examples show how to query for awards or similar attributes by identifying the entity and the relevant property. Now, I will search for the entity "Marilyn Monroe" in the Freebase knowledge graph to get her identifier. Then, I will search for properties related to awards or honors for that entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Marilyn Monroe, also known as Norma Jeane Mortensen, Norma Jeane Baker, Norma Jeane DiMaggio, Norma Jeane Dougherty, Norma Jeane Mortenson (fb:m.04wqr): Marilyn Monroe was an American actress, model, and singer, who b...ved a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award., Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Augus...which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox., has type Celebrity
2. Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.0vrt45): has type Musical Recording
3. Cherie Chung, also known as Chuhong Zhong, 钟楚红, 鍾楚紅, Zhōng Chǔhóng, The "Marilyn Monroe" of Hong Kong (fb:m.0gk05n): Cherie Chung Chor-hung is a retired Hong Kong film actress. She ... be "child-free". On 24 August 2007, Chu died of stomach cancer., has type Film actor
4. Fake Marilyn Monroe, also known as The Actress, Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.040c1zc): Fake Marilyn Monroe is a fictional character for the 2011 television movie Wonder Woman, Marilyn Monroe is a fictional character from the 1989 film Goodnight, Sweet Marilyn., Marilyn Monroe is a fictional character from the 2014 film Dear Eleanor., Marilyn Monroe as she is represented in fiction., has type Film character
5. Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.0_yglvr): "Marilyn Monroe" is a song by American singer-songwriter Pharrel...tring intro was written by American violinist Ann Marie Calhoun., has type Composition
6. Arline Hunter, also known as Marilyn Monroe, Arlene Hunter (fb:m.0czskx): Arline Hunter, is an American actress and model. She is perhaps ...h fellow bombshell Mamie Van Doren in Sex Kittens Go to College., has type Award Winner
7. Marilyn Monroe, also known as Marilyn Monroe (radio edit) (fb:m.0111s2hg): has type Musical Recording
8. Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.0jwxtkl): "Marilyn Monroe" is a song by American recording artist Nicki Mi...onroe" to chart on the UK Singles Chart and US Billboard charts., has type Composition
9. Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.0fck1_5): has type Consumer product
10. Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.023q0p6): has type Musical Release

[Assistant] The entity for Marilyn Monroe as a celebrity is fb:m.04wqr. Now, I will search for properties related to awards or honors for this entity. I will search for properties with the keyword "award" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Awards Won (fb:award.award_winner.awards_won): part of Award Winner schema, links to type Award Honor
2. Award Nominations (fb:award.award_nominee.award_nominations): links to type Award Nomination, part of Award Nominee schema
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musician schema
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
8. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
9. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Awards Won" (fb:award.award_winner.awards_won) seems to be the most relevant to find the awards Marilyn Monroe won. I will now construct a SPARQL query to get the awards won by Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.04wqr) using this property. I will also include the labels of the awards for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| award        | awardLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb |            |
| fb:m.07ynmx5 |            |
| fb:m.0c1rc79 |            |
| fb:m.0m20gt1 |            |
| fb:m.0my31c4 |            |

[Assistant] I found 5 awards won by Marilyn Monroe, but the labels for these awards are missing. I will now query the labels for these awards to provide a more informative answer.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The awards do not have English labels in the knowledge graph. I will try to get any label regardless of language for these awards.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The awards do not have labels in the knowledge graph. I will now provide the identifiers of the awards Marilyn Monroe won as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?name WHERE {
  fb:m.05mtn rdfs:label ?name .
  FILTER ( lang( ?name ) = 'en' )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name          |
| ------------- |
| O Canada (en) |

The name of the national anthem of Canada is 'O Canada'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the name of the national anthem of canada ( 2 words )?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what george washington carver famous for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03djm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03djm fb:common.topic.notable_types ?x .
}

Using entities:
George Washington Carver (fb:m.03djm): George Washington Carver, was an American botanist and inventor....r's work on peanuts was intended to provide an alternative crop., has type Inventor

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type

Example 2:
Question:
what college did jeff corwin go to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03xsv3 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03xsv3 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
}

Using entities:
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.
Jeff Corwin, also known as Jeffrey Samuel Corwin, Snake Boy (fb:m.03xsv3): Jeffrey Corwin is an American animal and nature conservationist,...levision programs The Jeff Corwin Experience and Corwin's Quest., has type TV Personality

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who was queen elizabeth the first's mother?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02rg_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02rg_ fb:people.person.parents ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.gender fb:m.02zsn .
}

Using entities:
Elizabeth I of England, also known as Good Queen Bess, The Virgin Queen, Queen Elizabeth I of England, Queen Elizabeth I, Gloriana (fb:m.02rg_): Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 15...ish Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor., has type Monarch
Female, also known as Women, Woman, Girl, Gal, Dame (fb:m.02zsn): Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, ...esis). Some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually., Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that...female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes., has type Literature Subject

Using properties:
Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

[Assistant] I will now search for the entity "Canada" in the knowledge graph to find its national anthem.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country
2. Government of Canada, also known as Canadian government, Canada (fb:m.02wz7x): The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is ...urt rulings, and unwritten conventions developed over centuries., has type Government
3. Canada (fb:m.046v_0): Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched alo...to Great Britain, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec., has type Location
4. Rebecca Northan, also known as Global Late Night Players, Canada, Calgary, Alberta (fb:m.0frm_z): Rebecca Northan is a Canadian actress, improviser, theatre direc...ies The Foundation, directed by fellow Calgarian, Michael Dowse., has type Film actor
5. Canada (fb:m.01p2ys7): Canada is an American indie folk-pop music group from Ann Arbor,...ly used to mix portions of the second and third Star Wars films., has type Musical Group
6. Canada (fb:m.0kbgt8f): Canada is a 2012 novel by American author Richard Ford. The nove...Falls, Montana, a setting that Ford frequently uses in his work., Canada is a book written by Richard Ford., has type Book
7. Canada (fb:m.0rrnq3): has type Musical Recording
8. Canada (fb:m.03h_b59): has type Musical Group
9. Canada, Kentucky, also known as Canada, Kentucky, Canada (fb:m.0493ptt): Canada is an unincorporated community in Pike County, Kentucky. ...is located on U.S. Route 119, 13.8 miles northeast of Pikeville., has type City/Town/Village
10. Canada (fb:m.07w19x9): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for the country Canada is fb:m.0d060g. Next, I will search for properties related to national anthem or anthem for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. National anthem (fb:location.country.national_anthem): links to type National anthem of a country, part of Country schema
2. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
3. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
4. Coat of Arms used (fb:symbols.coat_of_arms_bearer.coat_of_arms_used): part of Coat of Arms Bearer schema, links to type Armorial Grant
5. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
6. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
7. entry (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_subject.entry): part of Taxonomy Subject schema, links to type Taxonomy Entry
8. Armed forces (fb:military.military_combatant.armed_forces): part of Military Combatant schema, links to type Armed Force
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for national anthem of a country is fb:location.country.national_anthem. I will now query the national anthem of Canada using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| anthem       | anthemName |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.0478l5c |            |

[Assistant] The national anthem of Canada is identified as fb:m.0478l5c in the knowledge graph. I will now retrieve the English name of this anthem.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The English label for the national anthem entity fb:m.0478l5c is not directly available. I will try to find other properties that might give the name or title of this anthem.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                                                | object                                                                    |
| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0478l5c | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                               | National anthem of a country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country) |
| fb:m.0478l5c | Has no value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value)                                    | Official anthem until (fb:m.02_8r59)                                      |
| fb:m.0478l5c | Anthem (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.anthem)                               | O Canada (fb:m.05mtn)                                                     |
| fb:m.0478l5c | Country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.country)                             | Canada (fb:m.0d060g)                                                      |
| fb:m.0478l5c | Official anthem since (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.official_anthem_since) | 1980 (xsd:gYear)                                                          |
| fb:m.0478l5c | rdf:type                                                                                | National anthem of a country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country) |

[Assistant] The property fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.anthem points to the entity fb:m.05mtn which seems to be the anthem itself. I will now get the English label for fb:m.05mtn.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name          |
| ------------- |
| O Canada (en) |

[Assistant] The name of the national anthem of Canada is "O Canada". It consists of two words as requested. I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?institution ?institutionLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?institution {
    fb:m.0467r_n fb:m.0467s09 fb:m.08fk_z fb:m.04fc47
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?institution rdfs:label ?institutionLabel FILTER ( lang( ?institutionLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| institution                                               | institutionLabel                                 |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)                         | Julian Pino School (en)                          |
| Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09)            | Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (en)             |
| Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47)                    | Simón Bolívar University (en)                    |
| Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z) | Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (en) |

Hugo Chavez went to the following schools: Julian Pino School, Daniel Florencio O'Leary School, Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela, and Simón Bolívar University.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did hugo chavez go to school?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what made roald dahl famous?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0ff2k ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0ff2k fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roald Dahl, also known as Dahl, Roald, Roald Dal, Ronald Dahl (fb:m.0ff2k): Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, scr...Adult works include Tales of the Unexpected and My Uncle Oswald., has type Author

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who was the general for the british in the revolutionary war?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jnh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jnh fb:military.military_conflict.commanders ?y .
  ?y fb:military.military_command.military_commander ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.nationality fb:m.014tss .
}

Using entities:
Kingdom of Great Britain (fb:m.014tss): The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain /ɡreɪt ˈb...hich ended with defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746., has type Country
American Revolutionary War (fb:m.0jnh): The American Revolutionary War, the American War of Independence... government that took control of the province outside of Boston., has type Military Conflict

Using properties:
Military Commander (fb:military.military_command.military_commander): links to type Military Commander, part of Military Command schema
Commanders (fb:military.military_conflict.commanders): part of Military Conflict schema, links to type Military Command
Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

Example 3:
Question:
what inventions did robert hooke made?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d6j4 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d6j4 fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robert Hooke (fb:m.0d6j4): Robert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect a...ay. Allan Chapman has characterised him as "England's Leonardo"., has type Academic

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find where a person went to school, we need to identify the entity for the person and then find the property related to education or school attended.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Hugo Chavez" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hugo Chávez, also known as El Commandante, Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, Hugo Chavez, Esteban de Jesús, El Mico Mandante (fb:m.0d1b_): Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías was a Venezuelan politician and the Pre... re-elected in 2000 and again in 2006 with over 60% of the vote., has type Politician
2. Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0j9pvs_): Hugo Chávez is a retired Mexican football defender. He won two c...member of the Mexican squad at the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup., has type Football player
3. Hugo Chavez (fb:m.02xgb87)
4. Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0cgtql2): has type Book Edition
5. Hugo Chá́vez (fb:m.0c3xtsy): has type Book
6. Hugo Rafael Chávez (fb:m.0j681q9): Hugo Rafael Chávez is the son of Hugo Chávez., has type Person
7. Comandante Hugo Chavez (fb:m.0qh58m4): has type Musical Recording
8. Hugo Chavez wave. (fb:m.0bn10tt)
9. Hugo Chávez International Airport, also known as Cap-Haitien Airport (fb:m.02vqbkl): Hugo Chávez International Airport is an airport serving Cap-Haït...ad which had previously bisected the airstrip around it instead., has type Airport
10. History of Venezuela, also known as Presidency of Hugo Chávez, Presidency of Hugo Chavez (fb:m.08fltn): Venezuela under the presidency of Hugo Chávez from 1999 to 2013 ...l South. Chávez's presidency ended when he died on 5 March 2013.

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for the user question is "Hugo Chávez" (fb:m.0d1b_). Next, I will search for properties related to education or school attended for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
3. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
5. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
6. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
7. Web Link(s) (fb:common.topic.webpage): links to type Webpage, part of Topic schema
8. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
9. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
10. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Education" (fb:people.person.education) seems to be the most relevant to find where Hugo Chavez went to school. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the education institutions associated with Hugo Chavez.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| education    | educationLabel |
| ------------ | -------------- |
| fb:m.0467r_k |                |
| fb:m.0467s06 |                |
| fb:m.0467s0w |                |
| fb:m.0467s1m |                |

[Assistant] Hugo Chavez has four education entries in the knowledge graph, but they do not have English labels. I will now try to get more information about these education entities by retrieving their types and any other labels or descriptions.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 4.1 GB, but only 3.8 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant] The query to get more information about the education entities failed due to memory limitations. I will try a simpler query to get just the labels of these education entities without filtering for specific properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no English labels for the education entities linked to Hugo Chavez. I will now try to get the types of these education entities to understand what they represent.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| education    | type                               |
| ------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Education (fb:education.education) |

[Assistant] The education entities are all of type Education. Since there are no English labels available, I will now try to find any other properties or related entities that might give us the names of the schools or institutions for these education entities. I will check for any properties of these education entities.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                             |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)  |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)           |
| fb:m.0467r_k | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education) |

[Assistant] For the education entity fb:m.0467r_k, the institution is "Julian Pino School" (fb:m.0467r_n). I will now check the other education entities for their institutions.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                         |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)             |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09) |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)                       |
| fb:m.0467s06 | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)             |

[Assistant] For the education entity fb:m.0467s06, the institution is "Daniel Florencio O'Leary School" (fb:m.0467s09). I will continue with the next education entities.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                           | object                                                    |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                         | Education (fb:education.education)                        |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Institution (fb:education.education.institution)                   | Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z) |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Student (fb:education.education.student)                           | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)                                  |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Major/Field Of Study (fb:education.education.major_field_of_study) | military arts and science (fb:m.0467s0x)                  |
| fb:m.0467s0w | rdf:type                                                           | Education (fb:education.education)                        |

[Assistant] For the education entity fb:m.0467s0w, the institution is "Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela" (fb:m.08fk_z) and the major/field of study is "military arts and science" (fb:m.0467s0x). I will check the last education entity.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                 |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)     |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47) |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)               |
| fb:m.0467s1m | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)     |

[Assistant]
For the education entity fb:m.0467s1m, the institution is "Simón Bolívar University" (fb:m.04fc47).

I will now prepare the final answer listing the schools Hugo Chavez went to based on these institutions.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorName WHERE {
  fb:m.02f8jf fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast ?performance .
  ?performance fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?actor .
  ?actor fb:type.object.name ?actorName .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?actorName ) = "en" )
}

Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                           | actorName             |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Damon Evans (fb:m.0279gxy)      | Damon Evans (en)      |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (en) |
| Sherman Hemsley (fb:m.02_yyp)   | Sherman Hemsley (en)  |
| Isabel Sanford (fb:m.02_z06)    | Isabel Sanford (en)   |
| Roxie Roker (fb:m.03h436)       | Roxie Roker (en)      |
| ...                             | ...                   |
| Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4)       | Marla Gibbs (en)      |
| Franklin Cover (fb:m.06b_nc)    | Franklin Cover (en)   |
| Paul Benedict (fb:m.0c6b4y)     | Paul Benedict (en)    |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (en)       |
| Jay Hammer (fb:m.0gydmc)        | Jay Hammer (en)       |

The actors who played on the TV show 'The Jeffersons' are returned by the query. They include Damon Evans, Berlinda Tolbert, Mike Evans, Jay Hammer, and others as regular cast members.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played on the jeffersons?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did drew stanton play in college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0bmqgn ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0bmqgn fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  ?x fb:sports.school_sports_team.school fb:m.01j_cy .
}

Using entities:
Michigan State University, also known as Michigan State, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan State University, main campus, MSU (fb:m.01j_cy): Michigan State University is a public research university locate...re called the Spartans, which compete in the Big Ten Conference., has type College/University
Drew Stanton, also known as Drew Emeric Stanton (fb:m.0bmqgn): Drew Emeric Stanton is an American football quarterback for the ... also been a member of the New York Jets and Indianapolis Colts., has type American football player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
School (fb:sports.school_sports_team.school): links to type Educational Institution, part of School sports team schema
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team

Example 2:
Question:
who does northern ireland belong to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05bcl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05bcl fb:location.administrative_division.first_level_division_of ?x .
}

Using entities:
Northern Ireland, also known as the North of Ireland, the occupied six counties, the six counties (fb:m.05bcl): Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britai...reland and Southern Ireland by an act of the British parliament., has type Country

Using properties:
First level division of (fb:location.administrative_division.first_level_division_of): part of Administrative Division schema, links to type Country

Example 3:
Question:
where do the chicago cubs play?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01yjl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01yjl fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium ?x .
}

Using entities:
Chicago Cubs (fb:m.01yjl): The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball franchise...ing to their crosstown rivals, the White Sox, four games to two., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Arena/Stadium (fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium): links to type Sports Facility, part of Sports Team schema

[Assistant]
The examples show how to query for people who played for a team or were part of a group, but "The Jeffersons" is a TV show, so we need to find the cast or actors who played on the TV show "The Jeffersons."

Step 1: Search for the entity "The Jeffersons" in the knowledge graph to identify its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf): The Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS f..." were used occasionally, especially during the earlier seasons., has type TV Program
2. The Jeffersons (fb:m.09rp21): All the children of South Park are attracted to Mr. Jefferson, h...esent him for being black and wealthy and decide bring him down., "The Jeffersons" is episode 117 of the Comedy Central animated series South Park. It was originally broadcast on April 21, 2004., has type TV Episode
3. The Jeffersons, also known as The Jeffersons (Movin’ on Up), The Jeffersons (Movin' On Up) (feat. Ja'net DuBois) (fb:m.0zytgm): has type Musical Recording
4. The Jeffersons (fb:m.05dgnpc): Thurgood runs for a local political after finding out he might be related to Thomas Jefferson., has type TV Episode
5. The Jeffersons Theme (fb:m.0dq0j4x): has type Musical Recording
6. The Jeffersons (fb:m.080rdnc): has type Book Edition
7. The Jeffersons (fb:m.06tlgms): has type Book
8. The Jeffersons (fb:m.0x1rjc1): has type Musical Recording
9. The Jeffersons (fb:m.0ghmnrv): has type TV Episode
10. The Jeffersons (fb:m.07kwc6h): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity "The Jeffersons" as an American sitcom is identified as fb:m.02f8jf. Next, I will search for properties related to this entity that might indicate the cast or actors who played on the show. I will search for properties related to "cast" or "actor" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema
2. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
5. Genre (fb:tv.tv_program.genre): part of TV Program schema, links to type TV Genre
6. Currently in production (fb:tv.tv_program.currently_in_production): part of TV Program schema, links to type Boolean
7. Country of origin (fb:tv.tv_program.country_of_origin): part of TV Program schema, links to type Country
8. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Languages (fb:tv.tv_program.languages): links to type Human Language, part of TV Program schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Regular acting performances" (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) seems to be the relevant property for the cast of the TV program "The Jeffersons." I will now query for the actors who are part of the regular cast of "The Jeffersons" using this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast did not return any actors for "The Jeffersons." I will try to find other properties related to "actor" or "cast" for the entity "The Jeffersons" to see if there is another property that might list the actors.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Currently in production (fb:tv.tv_program.currently_in_production): part of TV Program schema, links to type Boolean
4. Genre (fb:tv.tv_program.genre): part of TV Program schema, links to type TV Genre
5. Awards Won (fb:award.award_winning_work.awards_won): part of Award-Winning Work schema, links to type Award Honor
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Original network (fb:tv.tv_program.original_network): links to type TV Program Duration At Network, part of TV Program schema
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. TV Producer (fb:tv.tv_program.tv_producer): links to type TV Producer term, part of TV Program schema
10. Filming locations (fb:tv.tv_program.filming_locations): links to type TV Location, part of TV Program schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The only relevant property related to actors or cast for the TV program "The Jeffersons" is still "Regular acting performances" (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast), which did not return results previously. I will try to query for the objects of this property directly to see if there are any performances linked to "The Jeffersons."

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object       |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdh |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdn |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdt |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkf3 |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkf8 |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkff |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hf |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hn |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hv |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2j1 |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...          |

[Assistant] There are 11 regular acting performances linked to "The Jeffersons." Now I will query for the actors related to these performances. I will use one of these performance IDs as an example to find the property that links the performance to the actor.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                    | object                                               |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Type (fb:type.object.type)                  | TV Regular Performance (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance) |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor)   | Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4)                            |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series) | The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf)                         |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | rdf:type                                    | TV Regular Performance (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance) |

[Assistant] The property "Actor" (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor) links the regular TV performance to the actor. I will now query for all actors who played on "The Jeffersons" by linking the show to the regular performances and then to the actors. I will also include their names.

[Tool]
Got 69 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                           | actorName             |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Damon Evans (fb:m.0279gxy)      | Damon Evans (en)      |
| Damon Evans (fb:m.0279gxy)      | Damon Evans (it)      |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (en) |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (it) |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (tr) |
| ...                             | ...                   |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (fr)       |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (it)       |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (nl)       |
| Jay Hammer (fb:m.0gydmc)        | Jay Hammer (de)       |
| Jay Hammer (fb:m.0gydmc)        | Jay Hammer (en)       |

[Assistant] I have found the actors who played on "The Jeffersons." The query returned 69 rows including actors and their names in different languages. I will finalize the answer by providing the list of actors with their English names.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?condition ?conditionLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02h3tp fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition ?condition .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?condition rdfs:label ?conditionLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?conditionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| condition                       | conditionLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Pancreatic cancer (fb:m.01_qc_) | Pancreatic cancer (en) |

Patrick Swayze had pancreatic cancer.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what cancer did patrick swayze?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did sir john frederick william herschel do?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0bxzr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0bxzr fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
John Herschel, also known as John F. W. Herschel, Sir John Frederick William Herschel, John Frederick William Herschel, John F Herschel (fb:m.0bxzr): Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet, KH, FRS was an...ted colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays., has type Politician

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

Example 2:
Question:
what kind of money do japanese use?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03_3d ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03_3d fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Japan, also known as Япония, State of Japan, JAP, NTSC J, Nippon-koku (fb:m.03_3d): Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific ...on of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
who plays saruman in lord of the rings?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0g3fs ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0g3fs fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film fb:m.017gl1 .
}

Using entities:
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, also known as Sagan om ringen - härskarringen, O Senhor dos Anéis - A Irmandade do Anel, Sagan om ringen, Rôdo obu za ringu, Ringenes herre: Ringens brorskap (fb:m.017gl1): The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic...ritic lists of the greatest fantasy films ever made, as of 2013., has type Film
Saruman, also known as Lord Saruman the White, Sweetandsourman, Sourass, Saruman The White, Saruman Bin Laden (fb:m.0g3fs): Saruman the White is a fictional character and a major antagonis...ore in tune with nature. Saruman is represented by a white hand., has type Film character

Using properties:
Portrayed in films (fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films): links to type Film performance, part of Film character schema
Actor (fb:film.performance.actor): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film actor
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

[Assistant]
The question is about the type of cancer that Patrick Swayze had. To answer this, I need to find the entity for Patrick Swayze and then find a property related to the type of cancer or illness he had.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Patrick Swayze" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Patrick Swayze, also known as Buddy, Patrick Wayne Swayze (fb:m.02h3tp): Patrick Wayne Swayze was an American actor, dancer, and singer-s...was named by People magazine as its "Sexiest Man Alive" in 1991., has type Film actor
2. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.0397h00): has type Musical Release
3. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.06yv1hy): has type TV Episode
4. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.010jbwwk): has type Musical Recording
5. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.01spbtn): has type Musical Album
6. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.07jzf5d): has type TV Episode
7. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.014y7pm): has type Musical Recording
8. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.02f2ll6)
9. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.010j7__4)
10. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.0lvj_ds)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Patrick Swayze is fb:m.02h3tp, which is the American actor Patrick Wayne Swayze.

Step 2: Search for properties related to cancer or illness for the entity Patrick Swayze (fb:m.02h3tp). I will search for properties related to "cancer" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
2. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Content (fb:broadcast.artist.content): links to type Broadcast Content, part of Broadcast Artist schema
7. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
8. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Albums (fb:music.artist.album): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Musical Album

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Condition" (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition) seems relevant for medical conditions including cancer. Also, "Cause of death" (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death) might be relevant to check if cancer was the cause of death.

Step 3: Query the medical condition of Patrick Swayze using the property "Condition" to find the type of cancer he had.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| condition                       | conditionLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Pancreatic cancer (fb:m.01_qc_) | Pancreatic cancer (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?work ?workLabel ?pubDate WHERE {
  ?work fb:book.written_work.author fb:m.01v9724 .
  ?work fb:book.written_work.date_of_first_publication ?pubDate .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?pubDate
LIMIT 1

The first book Charles Dickens wrote is "Sketches by Boz," published in 1836.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what was the first book charles dickens wrote?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
which countries are part of the united kingdom?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.location.contains ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
who was sworn into office when john f kennedy was assassinated?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d3k14 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d3k14 fb:government.us_president.vice_president ?x .
}

Using entities:
John F. Kennedy, also known as President John F. Kennedy  , John F. (John Fitzgerald) Kennedy, John Kennedy, Johnny, President John F Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14): John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also...ican hopes and aspirations to every new generation of Americans., John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly known as Jack Kennedy or by hi...the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president., has type US President

Using properties:
Vice president (fb:government.us_president.vice_president): links to type US Vice President, part of US President schema

Example 3:
Question:
what country did vasco da gama came from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0c8dk ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0c8dk fb:people.person.nationality ?x .
}

Using entities:
Vasco da Gama, also known as D. Vasco da Gama (fb:m.0c8dk): Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese exp...Far East, opening a new era of European imperialism in the East., has type Politician

Using properties:
Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

[Assistant] The examples show how to find entities and properties related to a person and their works. Now, I will search for the entity "Charles Dickens" in the Freebase knowledge graph to identify the correct entity I should use in the query.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Charles Dickens, also known as Dickens Charles, C. Dickens, Dickens, Charles John Huffham Dickens, Charles John Huffam Dickens (fb:m.01v9724): Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social cri...s humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society., has type Author
2. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c84yyk): has type Book Edition
3. Charles Dickens (fb:m.08tqx20): has type Book Edition
4. Charles Dickens (fb:m.092hqfy): has type Book Edition
5. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c5p00l): has type Book Edition
6. Charles Dickens, also known as The Charles Dickens (fb:m.051tzgl): has type Drinking establishment
7. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c8dcxn): has type Book Edition
8. Charles Dickens (fb:m.04ttf39): has type Book Edition
9. Charles Dickens (fb:m.059q65_): Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 1998 film The Ghosts of Dickens' Past., Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 2013 drama film The Invisible Woman., Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 1969 film The Best House in London., has type Film character
10. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c1tq0s): has type Book

[Assistant] The entity for Charles Dickens as an author is fb:m.01v9724. Next, I will search for properties related to books or works written by Charles Dickens using this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema
2. Book editions published (fb:book.author.book_editions_published): links to type Book Edition, part of Author schema
3. Works Written About This Topic (fb:book.book_subject.works): part of Literature Subject schema, links to type Written Work
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Category (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.category): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
7. Series Written (or Contributed To) (fb:book.author.series_written_or_contributed_to): links to type Literary Series, part of Author schema
8. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
9. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
10. Has sentences (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences): links to type KWSentence, part of KWTopic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Works written" (fb:book.author.works_written) seems to be the right property to find the books written by Charles Dickens. Now, I will query the works written by Charles Dickens using this property and try to get their publication dates to identify the first book he wrote.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| work                                                           | workLabel                                            | pubDate |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Selected Letters of Charles Dickens (fb:m.06v7d2l)             | Selected Letters of Charles Dickens (en)             |         |
| A Tale of Two Cities (fb:m.09c55p)                             | A Tale of Two Cities (en)                            |         |
| Cântico de Natal (fb:m.08r26f1)                                | Cântico de Natal (en)                                |         |
| The Haunted House (fb:m.080mrhf)                               | The Haunted House (en)                               |         |
| The Battle of Life (fb:m.07r7hg)                               | The Battle of Life (en)                              |         |
| The Wreck of the Golden Mary (fb:m.06vw9dl)                    | The Wreck of the Golden Mary (en)                    |         |
| Voie sans issue (fb:m.06vw0vv)                                 | Voie sans issue (en)                                 |         |
| Social and Literary Speeches of Charles Dickens (fb:m.06vn1wf) | Social and Literary Speeches of Charles Dickens (en) |         |
| Tales of Mystery & Suspense (fb:m.06vg4v4)                     | Tales of Mystery & Suspense (en)                     |         |
| Somebody's Luggage (fb:m.06vfwnn)                              | Somebody's Luggage (en)                              |         |

[Assistant] The query returned works written by Charles Dickens, but unfortunately, the publication dates are not available for these works in the knowledge graph. To find the first book he wrote, I will try to find the earliest publication date among his works by searching for properties related to publication date or first publication date for these works. I will start by checking the properties of one of the works, "A Tale of Two Cities" (fb:m.09c55p), to see if there is any property related to publication date.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Date of first publication (fb:book.written_work.date_of_first_publication): part of Written Work schema, links to type Date/Time
2. Editions (fb:book.book.editions): links to type Book Edition, part of Book schema
3. Author (fb:book.written_work.author): part of Written Work schema, links to type Author
4. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
5. Subjects (fb:book.written_work.subjects): links to type Literature Subject, part of Written Work schema
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Genre (fb:book.book.genre): links to type Literary Genre, part of Book schema
8. Original language (fb:book.written_work.original_language): links to type Human Language, part of Written Work schema
9. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Date of first publication" (fb:book.written_work.date_of_first_publication) is the relevant property for the publication date of a book. I will now query again for the works written by Charles Dickens along with their first publication dates using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| work                                  | workLabel                   | pubDate |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------- |
| Inspector Bucket's Job (fb:m.06t05y4) | Inspector Bucket's Job (en) |         |

[Assistant] The query returned only one work with no publication date. It seems the publication dates are not well populated for Charles Dickens' works in Freebase. I will try a different approach by searching for the earliest work written by Charles Dickens using the property "Date of first publication" and ordering by that date, but limiting to works authored by Charles Dickens. I will try to find any work with a publication date and then order by it.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| work                          | workLabel            | pubDate          |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------- |
| Sketches by Boz (fb:m.01_wr2) | Sketches by Boz (en) | 1836 (xsd:gYear) |

[Assistant] I found that the earliest work written by Charles Dickens with a publication date in the knowledge graph is "Sketches by Boz," published in 1836. This appears to be the first book he wrote. I will now provide this as the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.01mjq fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                          | languageLabel           |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Romani language (fb:m.012psb)     | Romani language (en)    |
| Rusyn Language (fb:m.013hyy)      | Rusyn Language (en)     |
| Bulgarian Language (fb:m.01bkv)   | Bulgarian Language (en) |
| Czech Language (fb:m.01wgr)       | Czech Language (en)     |
| Hungarian language (fb:m.02ztjwg) | Hungarian language (en) |
| ...                               | ...                     |
| Russian Language (fb:m.06b_j)     | Russian Language (en)   |
| Slovak Language (fb:m.06zvx)      | Slovak Language (en)    |
| Ukrainian Language (fb:m.0cjk9)   | Ukrainian Language (en) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)     | Serbian language (en)   |
| Croatian language (fb:m.0k0sv)    | Croatian language (en)  |

The languages spoken in the Czech Republic include Czech Language (official language), Romani language, Rusyn Language, Bulgarian Language, Hungarian language, Russian Language, Slovak Language, Ukrainian Language, Serbian language, and Croatian language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is spoken in czech republic?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what inspired monet?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01xnj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01xnj fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?x .
}

Using entities:
Claude Monet, also known as Oscar-Claude Monet, Monet, Claude Oscar Monet (fb:m.01xnj): Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist paintin...as to occupy him continuously for the next 20 years of his life., has type Visual Artist

Using properties:
Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node

Example 2:
Question:
what club team does ronaldinho play for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02lfw5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02lfw5 fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Ronaldinho, also known as Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, Ronaldinho Gaúcho (fb:m.02lfw5): Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, commonly known as Ronaldinho or Ronald...tacking trio, and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team., has type Football player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team
To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
where did woodrow wilson go to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.083q7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.083q7 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Woodrow Wilson, also known as The Schoolmaster, Wilson, Woodrow, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, The Professor, The Phrasemaker (fb:m.083q7): Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic wh...ve legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933., has type US President

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
The question is "what is spoken in czech republic?" which refers to the language spoken in the Czech Republic.

Step 1: Identify the entity "Czech Republic" in the knowledge graph.
Step 2: Identify the property related to languages spoken or official language of a country.
Step 3: Query the language(s) spoken in the Czech Republic.

I will start by searching for the entity "Czech Republic" in the freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Czech Republic, also known as Bohemia (fb:m.01mjq): The Czech Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe bo...ized mainly by the emperor and princes of the Holy Roman Empire., has type Country
2. Mrdrchain, also known as Czech Republic, MRDRCHAIN (fb:m.0fpp763): Mrdrchain is a 2010 short animation film written and directed by Ondrej Svadlena., has type Film
3. Czech Republic (fb:m.0sndgq9): has type Musical Recording
4. Czech Republic (fb:m.03c3ks2): In European elections, Czech Republic is a constituency of the E...nty-four MEPs. It covers the member state of the Czech Republic., has type Political District
5. Czech Republic (fb:m.05dlwwg): The Czech Republic, land of ornate castles and mystical legends,... landmarks alike, so kick back, drink up and let it all sink in., has type TV Episode
6. Czech Republic (fb:m.0f75lvn): has type Musical Recording
7. Czech Republic (fb:m.0d_mqs2): has type Musical Recording
8. Czech Republic (fb:m.07lbfj3): has type TV Episode
9. Czech Republic (fb:m.0799b2k): has type TV Episode
10. Episode 43, also known as Czech Republic (fb:m.0kxxg3t): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity "Czech Republic" is identified as fb:m.01mjq with the type Country. Next, I will search for properties related to languages spoken or official language for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Titles (fb:media_common.netflix_genre.titles): part of Netflix Genre schema, links to type Netflix Title
6. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
9. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
10. Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
I found two relevant properties for languages related to the Czech Republic entity:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken)
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language)

I will query the languages spoken and official language of the Czech Republic using these properties.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                          | languageLabel           |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Romani language (fb:m.012psb)     | Romani language (en)    |
| Rusyn Language (fb:m.013hyy)      | Rusyn Language (en)     |
| Bulgarian Language (fb:m.01bkv)   | Bulgarian Language (en) |
| Czech Language (fb:m.01wgr)       | Czech Language (en)     |
| Hungarian language (fb:m.02ztjwg) | Hungarian language (en) |
| ...                               | ...                     |
| Russian Language (fb:m.06b_j)     | Russian Language (en)   |
| Slovak Language (fb:m.06zvx)      | Slovak Language (en)    |
| Ukrainian Language (fb:m.0cjk9)   | Ukrainian Language (en) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)     | Serbian language (en)   |
| Croatian language (fb:m.0k0sv)    | Croatian language (en)  |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| officialLanguage            | officialLanguageLabel |
| --------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Czech Language (fb:m.01wgr) | Czech Language (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process