PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?institution ?institutionLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?institution {
    fb:m.0467r_n fb:m.0467s09 fb:m.08fk_z fb:m.04fc47
  }
  ?institution rdfs:label ?institutionLabel .
  FILTER ( lang( ?institutionLabel ) = 'en' )
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| institution                                               | institutionLabel                                 |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)                         | Julian Pino School (en)                          |
| Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09)            | Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (en)             |
| Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47)                    | Simón Bolívar University (en)                    |
| Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z) | Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (en) |

Hugo Chavez went to the following schools: Julian Pino School, Daniel Florencio O'Leary School, Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela, and Simón Bolívar University.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did hugo chavez go to school?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what made roald dahl famous?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0ff2k ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0ff2k fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roald Dahl, also known as Dahl, Roald, Roald Dal, Ronald Dahl (fb:m.0ff2k): Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, scr...Adult works include Tales of the Unexpected and My Uncle Oswald., has type Author

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who was the general for the british in the revolutionary war?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jnh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jnh fb:military.military_conflict.commanders ?y .
  ?y fb:military.military_command.military_commander ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.nationality fb:m.014tss .
}

Using entities:
Kingdom of Great Britain (fb:m.014tss): The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain /ɡreɪt ˈb...hich ended with defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746., has type Country
American Revolutionary War (fb:m.0jnh): The American Revolutionary War, the American War of Independence... government that took control of the province outside of Boston., has type Military Conflict

Using properties:
Military Commander (fb:military.military_command.military_commander): links to type Military Commander, part of Military Command schema
Commanders (fb:military.military_conflict.commanders): part of Military Conflict schema, links to type Military Command
Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

Example 3:
Question:
what inventions did robert hooke made?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d6j4 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d6j4 fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robert Hooke (fb:m.0d6j4): Robert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect a...ay. Allan Chapman has characterised him as "England's Leonardo"., has type Academic

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that the pattern to find where a person went to school usually involves finding the entity for the person and then querying a property related to education or schools attended.

Step 1: I will search for the entity "Hugo Chavez" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hugo Chávez, also known as El Commandante, Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, Hugo Chavez, Esteban de Jesús, El Mico Mandante (fb:m.0d1b_): Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías was a Venezuelan politician and the Pre... re-elected in 2000 and again in 2006 with over 60% of the vote., has type Politician
2. Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0j9pvs_): Hugo Chávez is a retired Mexican football defender. He won two c...member of the Mexican squad at the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup., has type Football player
3. Hugo Chavez (fb:m.02xgb87)
4. Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0cgtql2): has type Book Edition
5. Hugo Chá́vez (fb:m.0c3xtsy): has type Book
6. Hugo Rafael Chávez (fb:m.0j681q9): Hugo Rafael Chávez is the son of Hugo Chávez., has type Person
7. Comandante Hugo Chavez (fb:m.0qh58m4): has type Musical Recording
8. Hugo Chavez wave. (fb:m.0bn10tt)
9. Hugo Chávez International Airport, also known as Cap-Haitien Airport (fb:m.02vqbkl): Hugo Chávez International Airport is an airport serving Cap-Haït...ad which had previously bisected the airstrip around it instead., has type Airport
10. History of Venezuela, also known as Presidency of Hugo Chávez, Presidency of Hugo Chavez (fb:m.08fltn): Venezuela under the presidency of Hugo Chávez from 1999 to 2013 ...l South. Chávez's presidency ended when he died on 5 March 2013.

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the user question is "Hugo Chávez" the Venezuelan politician (fb:m.0d1b_).

Step 2: I will search for properties related to education or schools for this entity. I will search for properties of the entity fb:m.0d1b_ with a query related to "school" or "education".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Party (fb:government.politician.party): links to type Political Party Tenure, part of Politician schema
6. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
7. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Education" (fb:people.person.education) seems to be the most relevant to find where Hugo Chavez went to school.

Step 3: I will now query the education information for Hugo Chavez (fb:m.0d1b_).

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| education    | educationLabel |
| ------------ | -------------- |
| fb:m.0467r_k |                |
| fb:m.0467s06 |                |
| fb:m.0467s0w |                |
| fb:m.0467s1m |                |

[Assistant] Hugo Chavez has four education entries, but they do not have English labels directly available in the result. I will now query the labels for these education entities separately to get their names.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The education entities for Hugo Chavez do not have English labels available. I will try to get any label regardless of language to see if we can get any useful names for these education entries.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no labels available for the education entities linked to Hugo Chavez. I will try to find more information about these education entities by listing their properties and objects to see if there is any descriptive information.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                             |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education) |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)  |
| fb:m.0467r_k | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)           |
| fb:m.0467r_k | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education) |

[Assistant]
The education entity fb:m.0467r_k corresponds to an education instance where the institution is "Julian Pino School" (fb:m.0467r_n).

I will now check the other education entities to see their institutions as well.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                         |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)             |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09) |
| fb:m.0467s06 | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)                       |
| fb:m.0467s06 | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)             |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                           | object                                                    |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                         | Education (fb:education.education)                        |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Institution (fb:education.education.institution)                   | Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z) |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Student (fb:education.education.student)                           | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)                                  |
| fb:m.0467s0w | Major/Field Of Study (fb:education.education.major_field_of_study) | military arts and science (fb:m.0467s0x)                  |
| fb:m.0467s0w | rdf:type                                                           | Education (fb:education.education)                        |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                 |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Education (fb:education.education)     |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Institution (fb:education.education.institution) | Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47) |
| fb:m.0467s1m | Student (fb:education.education.student)         | Hugo Chávez (fb:m.0d1b_)               |
| fb:m.0467s1m | rdf:type                                         | Education (fb:education.education)     |

[Assistant]
Hugo Chavez attended the following institutions:
1. Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)
2. Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09)
3. Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z)
4. Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47)

I will now get the English labels for these institutions to provide a clear answer.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| institution                                               | institutionLabel                                 |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Julian Pino School (fb:m.0467r_n)                         | Julian Pino School (en)                          |
| Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (fb:m.0467s09)            | Daniel Florencio O'Leary School (en)             |
| Simón Bolívar University (fb:m.04fc47)                    | Simón Bolívar University (en)                    |
| Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (fb:m.08fk_z) | Bolivarian Military University of Venezuela (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer correctly lists the schools Hugo Chavez attended based on the entities provided in the SPARQL query. The query returns the identifiers and English labels of the educational institutions, which aligns with the user's question about where Hugo Chavez went to school. The query is well-formed, uses appropriate entities, and the answer is clear and complete. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorName WHERE {
  fb:m.02f8jf fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast ?performance .
  ?performance fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?actor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorName FILTER ( lang( ?actorName ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                           | actorName             |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Damon Evans (fb:m.0279gxy)      | Damon Evans (en)      |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (en) |
| Sherman Hemsley (fb:m.02_yyp)   | Sherman Hemsley (en)  |
| Isabel Sanford (fb:m.02_z06)    | Isabel Sanford (en)   |
| Roxie Roker (fb:m.03h436)       | Roxie Roker (en)      |
| ...                             | ...                   |
| Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4)       | Marla Gibbs (en)      |
| Franklin Cover (fb:m.06b_nc)    | Franklin Cover (en)   |
| Paul Benedict (fb:m.0c6b4y)     | Paul Benedict (en)    |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (en)       |
| Jay Hammer (fb:m.0gydmc)        | Jay Hammer (en)       |

The actors who played on the TV show The Jeffersons include Damon Evans, Berlinda Tolbert, Sherman Hemsley, Isabel Sanford, Roxie Roker, Marla Gibbs, Franklin Cover, Paul Benedict, Mike Evans, and Jay Hammer.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played on the jeffersons?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did drew stanton play in college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0bmqgn ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0bmqgn fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  ?x fb:sports.school_sports_team.school fb:m.01j_cy .
}

Using entities:
Michigan State University, also known as Michigan State, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan State University, main campus, MSU (fb:m.01j_cy): Michigan State University is a public research university locate...re called the Spartans, which compete in the Big Ten Conference., has type College/University
Drew Stanton, also known as Drew Emeric Stanton (fb:m.0bmqgn): Drew Emeric Stanton is an American football quarterback for the ... also been a member of the New York Jets and Indianapolis Colts., has type American football player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
School (fb:sports.school_sports_team.school): links to type Educational Institution, part of School sports team schema
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team

Example 2:
Question:
who does northern ireland belong to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05bcl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05bcl fb:location.administrative_division.first_level_division_of ?x .
}

Using entities:
Northern Ireland, also known as the North of Ireland, the occupied six counties, the six counties (fb:m.05bcl): Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britai...reland and Southern Ireland by an act of the British parliament., has type Country

Using properties:
First level division of (fb:location.administrative_division.first_level_division_of): part of Administrative Division schema, links to type Country

Example 3:
Question:
where do the chicago cubs play?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01yjl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01yjl fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium ?x .
}

Using entities:
Chicago Cubs (fb:m.01yjl): The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball franchise...ing to their crosstown rivals, the White Sox, four games to two., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Arena/Stadium (fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium): links to type Sports Facility, part of Sports Team schema

[Assistant]
The question "who played on the Jeffersons?" is asking for the actors or cast members of the TV show "The Jeffersons."

Step 1: Identify the entity for "The Jeffersons" TV show.
Step 2: Identify the property that relates a TV show to its cast or actors.
Step 3: Query the cast members of "The Jeffersons."

I will start by searching for the entity "The Jeffersons" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf): The Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS f..." were used occasionally, especially during the earlier seasons., has type TV Program
2. The Jeffersons (fb:m.09rp21): All the children of South Park are attracted to Mr. Jefferson, h...esent him for being black and wealthy and decide bring him down., "The Jeffersons" is episode 117 of the Comedy Central animated series South Park. It was originally broadcast on April 21, 2004., has type TV Episode
3. The Jeffersons, also known as The Jeffersons (Movin’ on Up), The Jeffersons (Movin' On Up) (feat. Ja'net DuBois) (fb:m.0zytgm): has type Musical Recording
4. The Jeffersons (fb:m.05dgnpc): Thurgood runs for a local political after finding out he might be related to Thomas Jefferson., has type TV Episode
5. The Jeffersons Theme (fb:m.0dq0j4x): has type Musical Recording
6. The Jeffersons (fb:m.080rdnc): has type Book Edition
7. The Jeffersons (fb:m.06tlgms): has type Book
8. The Jeffersons (fb:m.0x1rjc1): has type Musical Recording
9. The Jeffersons (fb:m.0ghmnrv): has type TV Episode
10. The Jeffersons (fb:m.07kwc6h): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity "The Jeffersons" as an American sitcom TV program is identified as fb:m.02f8jf. Next, I will search for properties related to cast or actors for this TV program entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema
2. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
5. Genre (fb:tv.tv_program.genre): part of TV Program schema, links to type TV Genre
6. Currently in production (fb:tv.tv_program.currently_in_production): part of TV Program schema, links to type Boolean
7. Country of origin (fb:tv.tv_program.country_of_origin): part of TV Program schema, links to type Country
8. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Languages (fb:tv.tv_program.languages): links to type Human Language, part of TV Program schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Regular acting performances" (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) seems to be the relevant property that links the TV program to its regular cast members. I will now query the regular cast members of "The Jeffersons" using this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast did not return any results for the regular cast of "The Jeffersons." I will try searching for other properties related to "actor" or "cast" for the entity "The Jeffersons."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Currently in production (fb:tv.tv_program.currently_in_production): part of TV Program schema, links to type Boolean
4. Genre (fb:tv.tv_program.genre): part of TV Program schema, links to type TV Genre
5. Awards Won (fb:award.award_winning_work.awards_won): part of Award-Winning Work schema, links to type Award Honor
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Original network (fb:tv.tv_program.original_network): links to type TV Program Duration At Network, part of TV Program schema
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. TV Producer (fb:tv.tv_program.tv_producer): links to type TV Producer term, part of TV Program schema
10. Filming locations (fb:tv.tv_program.filming_locations): links to type TV Location, part of TV Program schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Regular acting performances" (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) is still the most relevant property for actors in the TV program. Since the previous query did not return results, I will try a slightly different query to explore the structure of the regular cast performances for "The Jeffersons." I want to see what properties are linked to the regular cast performances.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object       |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdh |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdn |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkdt |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkf3 |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkf8 |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.03lkkff |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hf |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hn |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2hv |
| The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf) | Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast) | fb:m.0l5j2j1 |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...          |

[Assistant] The property fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast links "The Jeffersons" to several regular performance entities. Now I want to find the actors for these regular performance entities. I will query the actors for these performances.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query to get actors from the regular performances did not return any results. I will try to explore the properties of one of the regular performance entities to understand its structure better. I will pick one of the performance entities from the previous list, for example, fb:m.03lkkdh, and list its properties.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                    | object                                               |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Type (fb:type.object.type)                  | TV Regular Performance (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance) |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor)   | Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4)                            |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series) | The Jeffersons (fb:m.02f8jf)                         |
| fb:m.03lkkdh | rdf:type                                    | TV Regular Performance (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance) |

[Assistant] The property fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor links the regular performance entity to the actor. For the performance entity fb:m.03lkkdh, the actor is Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4). I will now query all actors for the regular performances of "The Jeffersons" using this property.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                           | actorName             |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Damon Evans (fb:m.0279gxy)      | Damon Evans (en)      |
| Berlinda Tolbert (fb:m.0279gyz) | Berlinda Tolbert (en) |
| Sherman Hemsley (fb:m.02_yyp)   | Sherman Hemsley (en)  |
| Isabel Sanford (fb:m.02_z06)    | Isabel Sanford (en)   |
| Roxie Roker (fb:m.03h436)       | Roxie Roker (en)      |
| ...                             | ...                   |
| Marla Gibbs (fb:m.03zwg4)       | Marla Gibbs (en)      |
| Franklin Cover (fb:m.06b_nc)    | Franklin Cover (en)   |
| Paul Benedict (fb:m.0c6b4y)     | Paul Benedict (en)    |
| Mike Evans (fb:m.0clm34)        | Mike Evans (en)       |
| Jay Hammer (fb:m.0gydmc)        | Jay Hammer (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the actors who played on the TV show The Jeffersons by using the appropriate entity and properties. The query returns the actor identifiers and their English labels, which is helpful for understanding the answer. The answer lists the main actors found in the query result, matching the execution result. The output is complete, accurate, and follows the rules for SPARQL queries. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?condition ?conditionLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02h3tp fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition ?condition .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?condition rdfs:label ?conditionLabel FILTER ( lang( ?conditionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| condition                       | conditionLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Pancreatic cancer (fb:m.01_qc_) | Pancreatic cancer (en) |

Patrick Swayze had pancreatic cancer.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what cancer did patrick swayze?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did sir john frederick william herschel do?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0bxzr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0bxzr fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
John Herschel, also known as John F. W. Herschel, Sir John Frederick William Herschel, John Frederick William Herschel, John F Herschel (fb:m.0bxzr): Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet, KH, FRS was an...ted colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays., has type Politician

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

Example 2:
Question:
what kind of money do japanese use?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03_3d ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03_3d fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Japan, also known as Япония, State of Japan, JAP, NTSC J, Nippon-koku (fb:m.03_3d): Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific ...on of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
who plays saruman in lord of the rings?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0g3fs ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0g3fs fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film fb:m.017gl1 .
}

Using entities:
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, also known as Sagan om ringen - härskarringen, O Senhor dos Anéis - A Irmandade do Anel, Sagan om ringen, Rôdo obu za ringu, Ringenes herre: Ringens brorskap (fb:m.017gl1): The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic...ritic lists of the greatest fantasy films ever made, as of 2013., has type Film
Saruman, also known as Lord Saruman the White, Sweetandsourman, Sourass, Saruman The White, Saruman Bin Laden (fb:m.0g3fs): Saruman the White is a fictional character and a major antagonis...ore in tune with nature. Saruman is represented by a white hand., has type Film character

Using properties:
Portrayed in films (fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films): links to type Film performance, part of Film character schema
Actor (fb:film.performance.actor): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film actor
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

[Assistant]
The question is about the type of cancer that Patrick Swayze had. To answer this, I need to find the entity for Patrick Swayze and then look for properties related to diseases or illnesses, specifically cancer.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Patrick Swayze" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Patrick Swayze, also known as Buddy, Patrick Wayne Swayze (fb:m.02h3tp): Patrick Wayne Swayze was an American actor, dancer, and singer-s...was named by People magazine as its "Sexiest Man Alive" in 1991., has type Film actor
2. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.0397h00): has type Musical Release
3. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.06yv1hy): has type TV Episode
4. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.010jbwwk): has type Musical Recording
5. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.01spbtn): has type Musical Album
6. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.07jzf5d): has type TV Episode
7. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.014y7pm): has type Musical Recording
8. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.02f2ll6)
9. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.010j7__4)
10. Patrick Swayze (fb:m.0lvj_ds)

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for Patrick Swayze is fb:m.02h3tp, which is described as an American actor, dancer, and singer. Next, I will search for properties related to diseases or illnesses for this entity to find information about the cancer he had.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
2. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Content (fb:broadcast.artist.content): links to type Broadcast Content, part of Broadcast Artist schema
7. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
8. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Albums (fb:music.artist.album): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Musical Album

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Condition" (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition) that might be related to medical conditions including cancer. I will now query the value of this property for Patrick Swayze to see if it includes the type of cancer he had.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| condition                       | conditionLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Pancreatic cancer (fb:m.01_qc_) | Pancreatic cancer (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer correctly identifies that Patrick Swayze had pancreatic cancer, which matches the information retrieved from the knowledge graph. The SPARQL query is well-formed and returns the relevant medical condition along with its English label. The query uses the appropriate entity and property to find the medical condition associated with Patrick Swayze. The output is complete and accurate for the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?work ?workLabel ?date WHERE {
  fb:m.01v9724 fb:book.author.works_written ?work .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work fb:type.object.name ?workLabel .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work fb:book.written_work.original_publication_date ?date .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date
LIMIT 1

Based on the available data, the earliest work listed for Charles Dickens is "Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The." However, the publication dates are not available in the data, so this may not definitively be the first book he wrote.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what was the first book charles dickens wrote?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
which countries are part of the united kingdom?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.location.contains ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
who was sworn into office when john f kennedy was assassinated?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d3k14 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d3k14 fb:government.us_president.vice_president ?x .
}

Using entities:
John F. Kennedy, also known as President John F. Kennedy  , John F. (John Fitzgerald) Kennedy, John Kennedy, Johnny, President John F Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14): John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also...ican hopes and aspirations to every new generation of Americans., John Fitzgerald Kennedy, commonly known as Jack Kennedy or by hi...the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president., has type US President

Using properties:
Vice president (fb:government.us_president.vice_president): links to type US Vice President, part of US President schema

Example 3:
Question:
what country did vasco da gama came from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0c8dk ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0c8dk fb:people.person.nationality ?x .
}

Using entities:
Vasco da Gama, also known as D. Vasco da Gama (fb:m.0c8dk): Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese exp...Far East, opening a new era of European imperialism in the East., has type Politician

Using properties:
Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

[Assistant]
The question is about the first book written by Charles Dickens. We need to identify the entity for Charles Dickens and then find a property related to the books he wrote. Specifically, we want to find the earliest book he wrote.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Charles Dickens" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Charles Dickens, also known as Dickens Charles, C. Dickens, Dickens, Charles John Huffham Dickens, Charles John Huffam Dickens (fb:m.01v9724): Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social cri...s humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society., has type Author
2. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c84yyk): has type Book Edition
3. Charles Dickens (fb:m.08tqx20): has type Book Edition
4. Charles Dickens (fb:m.092hqfy): has type Book Edition
5. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c5p00l): has type Book Edition
6. Charles Dickens, also known as The Charles Dickens (fb:m.051tzgl): has type Drinking establishment
7. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c8dcxn): has type Book Edition
8. Charles Dickens (fb:m.04ttf39): has type Book Edition
9. Charles Dickens (fb:m.059q65_): Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 1998 film The Ghosts of Dickens' Past., Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 2013 drama film The Invisible Woman., Charles Dickens is a fictional character from the 1969 film The Best House in London., has type Film character
10. Charles Dickens (fb:m.0c1tq0s): has type Book

[Assistant] The entity for Charles Dickens as an author is fb:m.01v9724. Next, we want to find properties related to books or works written by Charles Dickens. Let's search for properties of this entity related to books or works.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema
2. Book editions published (fb:book.author.book_editions_published): links to type Book Edition, part of Author schema
3. Works Written About This Topic (fb:book.book_subject.works): part of Literature Subject schema, links to type Written Work
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Category (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.category): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
7. Series Written (or Contributed To) (fb:book.author.series_written_or_contributed_to): links to type Literary Series, part of Author schema
8. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
9. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
10. Has sentences (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.has_sentences): links to type KWSentence, part of KWTopic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The most relevant property for books written by Charles Dickens is "Works written" (fb:book.author.works_written). We can use this property to find the works written by Charles Dickens. Next, we want to find the earliest book among these works. Let's write a SPARQL query to get the works written by Charles Dickens along with their publication dates and order them by date to find the first book.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| work                                | workLabel | date |
| ----------------------------------- | --------- | ---- |
| Tom Tiddler's Ground (fb:m.06sgrn0) |           |      |

[Assistant] The earliest work found for Charles Dickens is "Tom Tiddler's Ground" (fb:m.06sgrn0), but it does not have a publication date listed. To confirm this is the first book he wrote, let's check if there are other works with publication dates and compare. I will query for more works with their publication dates to see if there is an earlier one.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| work                                                     | workLabel                                      | date |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---- |
| Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (fb:m.06r8r19)               | Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (en)               |      |
| Bardell v. Pickwick (fb:m.06nswl2)                       | Bardell v. Pickwick (en)                       |      |
| The Lock And Key Library (fb:m.06nwr5t)                  | The Lock And Key Library (en)                  |      |
| The Dickens Christian Reader (fb:m.06p04fg)              | The Dickens Christian Reader (en)              |      |
| Reprinted Pieces (fb:m.06p46qx)                          | Reprinted Pieces (en)                          |      |
| Three Ghost Stories (fb:m.06p5yzh)                       | Three Ghost Stories (en)                       |      |
| Comic World of Dickens (fb:m.06p9fbl)                    | Comic World of Dickens (en)                    |      |
| Cliffsnotes Pickwick Papers (fb:m.06pppd1)               | Cliffsnotes Pickwick Papers (en)               |      |
| Uncollected Writings from Household Words (fb:m.06qcgwf) | Uncollected Writings from Household Words (en) |      |
| Perils Of Certain English Prisoners (fb:m.06qntn3)       | Perils Of Certain English Prisoners (en)       |      |

[Assistant]
The works listed for Charles Dickens do not have publication dates in the data. Since the direct publication dates are not available, I will try to find the first book he wrote by searching for the earliest work by Charles Dickens using a different approach: checking if there is a property indicating the order or date of the works he wrote.

I will search for properties related to "first" or "earliest" work for Charles Dickens.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
2. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
6. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
7. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
8. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
9. Category (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.category): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
10. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is no direct property indicating the "first" or "earliest" work for Charles Dickens. Since the publication dates are not available for his works in the data, and no direct property for the first work exists, I will provide the earliest work listed by the "works written" property, which is "Tom Tiddler's Ground" (fb:m.06sgrn0), as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query retrieves one work written by Charles Dickens ordered by the work's label, but this does not guarantee it is the first book he wrote chronologically. The query should be refined to order by the earliest publication date or creation date of the works to accurately find the first book he wrote. Additionally, the label for the work is missing in the result, which suggests the optional clause for the work's name might not be correctly retrieving the label. It would be better to use a property like rdfs:label or ensure the property fb:type.object.name is correctly used to get the book's title. Improving these aspects will provide a more accurate and complete answer to the user's question.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I understand that ordering by the work's label does not guarantee the chronological order of the works. I will refine the query to order by the earliest publication date (fb:book.written_work.original_publication_date) to find the first book Charles Dickens wrote. I will also ensure to retrieve the book's title correctly using fb:type.object.name for the label.

I will now execute the refined query to get the earliest published work by Charles Dickens with its title.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| work                                       | workLabel                        | date |
| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ---- |
| Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (fb:m.06r8r19) | Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (en) |      |

[Assistant]
The query still returns a work "Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The" without a publication date. Since the publication dates are missing for these works, I will try to find the earliest work by checking if there is a creation date or another date property related to the works written by Charles Dickens.

I will search for properties related to dates for the works written by Charles Dickens.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Date (fb:base.popstra.canoodled.date): part of Canoodled schema, links to type Date/Time
2. Date (fb:tennis.tennis_match.date): part of Tennis Match schema, links to type Date/Time
3. Date (fb:venture_capital.venture_investment.date): part of Venture Investment schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Date (fb:measurement_unit.dated_cubic_meters.date): part of Dated cubic meters schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Date (fb:business.acquisition.date): part of Acquisition schema, links to type Date/Time
6. Date (fb:measurement_unit.dated_days.date): part of Dated days schema, links to type Date/Time
7. Date (fb:award.hall_of_fame_induction.date): part of Hall of fame induction schema, links to type Date/Time
8. Date (fb:user.tsegaran.business.health_department_score.date): part of Health Department Score schema, links to type Date/Time
9. Date (fb:base.trixtypes.daily_stats.date): part of Daily stats schema, links to type Date/Time
10. Date (fb:measurement_unit.dated_index_value.date): part of Dated index value schema, links to type Date/Time

[Assistant]
The search for date properties returned many general date properties but none specifically related to the publication or creation date of written works. Since the direct publication dates are not available and no other date properties are found for the works, I will provide the earliest work listed by the "works written" property as the best available answer.

The earliest work found previously was "Tom Tiddler's Ground" (fb:m.06sgrn0). I will finalize the answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query retrieves one work written by Charles Dickens but does not ensure it is the first book he wrote. The query lacks ordering by publication date or any chronological indicator to identify the earliest work. Additionally, the label for the work is missing in the result, which reduces clarity. To improve, the query should attempt to order works by their publication date if available, or use another property to approximate the earliest work. Also, the label retrieval should be made optional but included for better readability. Since publication dates may not be available, the answer should mention this limitation explicitly and clarify that the identified work is based on the available data but may not be definitive.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will improve the query by ordering the works written by Charles Dickens by their publication date if available, and include the label retrieval optionally for better readability. I will also explicitly mention in the answer that publication dates may not be available, so the identified work is based on the available data and may not be definitive.

I will now execute the refined query with ordering by publication date and optional label retrieval.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| work                                       | workLabel                        | date |
| ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ---- |
| Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (fb:m.06r8r19) | Chimes, The/Holly Tree, The (en) |      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.01mjq ( fb:location.country.languages_spoken | fb:location.country.official_language ) ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                          | languageLabel           |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Romani language (fb:m.012psb)     | Romani language (en)    |
| Rusyn Language (fb:m.013hyy)      | Rusyn Language (en)     |
| Bulgarian Language (fb:m.01bkv)   | Bulgarian Language (en) |
| Czech Language (fb:m.01wgr)       | Czech Language (en)     |
| Hungarian language (fb:m.02ztjwg) | Hungarian language (en) |
| ...                               | ...                     |
| Russian Language (fb:m.06b_j)     | Russian Language (en)   |
| Slovak Language (fb:m.06zvx)      | Slovak Language (en)    |
| Ukrainian Language (fb:m.0cjk9)   | Ukrainian Language (en) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)     | Serbian language (en)   |
| Croatian language (fb:m.0k0sv)    | Croatian language (en)  |

The languages spoken in the Czech Republic include Czech Language, Romani language, Rusyn Language, Bulgarian Language, Hungarian language, Russian Language, Slovak Language, Ukrainian Language, Serbian language, and Croatian language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is spoken in czech republic?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what inspired monet?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01xnj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01xnj fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?x .
}

Using entities:
Claude Monet, also known as Oscar-Claude Monet, Monet, Claude Oscar Monet (fb:m.01xnj): Oscar-Claude Monet was a founder of French Impressionist paintin...as to occupy him continuously for the next 20 years of his life., has type Visual Artist

Using properties:
Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node

Example 2:
Question:
what club team does ronaldinho play for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02lfw5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02lfw5 fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Ronaldinho, also known as Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, Ronaldinho Gaúcho (fb:m.02lfw5): Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, commonly known as Ronaldinho or Ronald...tacking trio, and was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team., has type Football player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team
To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
where did woodrow wilson go to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.083q7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.083q7 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Woodrow Wilson, also known as The Schoolmaster, Wilson, Woodrow, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, The Professor, The Phrasemaker (fb:m.083q7): Thomas Woodrow Wilson was an American politician and academic wh...ve legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933., has type US President

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
The question is "what is spoken in Czech Republic?" which refers to the language(s) spoken in the country Czech Republic.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "Czech Republic."
Step 2: Identify the property related to languages spoken in a country.

I will start by searching for the entity "Czech Republic" in the freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Czech Republic, also known as Bohemia (fb:m.01mjq): The Czech Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe bo...ized mainly by the emperor and princes of the Holy Roman Empire., has type Country
2. Mrdrchain, also known as Czech Republic, MRDRCHAIN (fb:m.0fpp763): Mrdrchain is a 2010 short animation film written and directed by Ondrej Svadlena., has type Film
3. Czech Republic (fb:m.0sndgq9): has type Musical Recording
4. Czech Republic (fb:m.03c3ks2): In European elections, Czech Republic is a constituency of the E...nty-four MEPs. It covers the member state of the Czech Republic., has type Political District
5. Czech Republic (fb:m.05dlwwg): The Czech Republic, land of ornate castles and mystical legends,... landmarks alike, so kick back, drink up and let it all sink in., has type TV Episode
6. Czech Republic (fb:m.0f75lvn): has type Musical Recording
7. Czech Republic (fb:m.0d_mqs2): has type Musical Recording
8. Czech Republic (fb:m.07lbfj3): has type TV Episode
9. Czech Republic (fb:m.0799b2k): has type TV Episode
10. Episode 43, also known as Czech Republic (fb:m.0kxxg3t): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for the country Czech Republic is fb:m.01mjq. Now I will search for properties related to languages spoken or official languages for this entity. I will search for properties of the entity Czech Republic with a query related to language.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Titles (fb:media_common.netflix_genre.titles): part of Netflix Genre schema, links to type Netflix Title
6. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
9. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
10. Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are two relevant properties for languages spoken in the Czech Republic:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken)
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language)

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the languages spoken in the Czech Republic using these properties. I will include both properties to cover all languages spoken and official languages.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                          | languageLabel           |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Romani language (fb:m.012psb)     | Romani language (en)    |
| Rusyn Language (fb:m.013hyy)      | Rusyn Language (en)     |
| Bulgarian Language (fb:m.01bkv)   | Bulgarian Language (en) |
| Czech Language (fb:m.01wgr)       | Czech Language (en)     |
| Hungarian language (fb:m.02ztjwg) | Hungarian language (en) |
| ...                               | ...                     |
| Russian Language (fb:m.06b_j)     | Russian Language (en)   |
| Slovak Language (fb:m.06zvx)      | Slovak Language (en)    |
| Ukrainian Language (fb:m.0cjk9)   | Ukrainian Language (en) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb)     | Serbian language (en)   |
| Croatian language (fb:m.0k0sv)    | Croatian language (en)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves both the official language and other languages spoken in the Czech Republic by using the properties for languages spoken and official languages. It returns the identifiers and English labels of the languages, which is appropriate. The answer lists all relevant languages found in the query result. The query and answer are complete and accurate for the question asked.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.04s9n fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth       | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ------------------ | ----------------- |
| Mecca (fb:m.058wp) | Mecca (en)        |

The prophet Mohammed was from Mecca.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was the prophet mohammed from?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what continent do the falkland islands belong to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02wmy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02wmy fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mh .
}

Using entities:
Continent (fb:m.01mh): A continent is a large land mass, defined mostly by conventional...but closely related to tectonic plates within the earth's crust.
Falkland Islands, also known as Islas Malvinas (fb:m.02wmy): The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Oc...Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what did randy jackson play in journey?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.015cqh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.015cqh fb:music.musical_group.member ?y .
  ?y fb:music.group_membership.role ?x .
  ?y fb:music.group_membership.member fb:m.02yygk .
}

Using entities:
Journey (fb:m.015cqh): Journey is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in...gold albums, eight multi-platinum albums, and one diamond album., has type Musical Artist
Randy Jackson, also known as Randy D. Jackson, The Emperor, The Dawg, Randall Darius Jackson, Jackson, Randy (fb:m.02yygk): Randall Darius "Randy" Jackson is an American bassist, former te...s Best Dance Crew. Jackson has won a Grammy Award as a producer., has type TV Personality

Using properties:
Member (fb:music.group_membership.member): part of Musical Group Membership schema, links to type Musician
Roles (fb:music.group_membership.role): part of Musical Group Membership schema, links to type Musical Performance Role
Members Of Musical Group (fb:music.musical_group.member): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musical Group schema

Example 3:
Question:
what form of government was practiced in sparta?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09472 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09472 fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon (fb:m.09472): Sparta or Lacedaemon was a prominent city-state in ancient Greec... a center for the processing of goods such as citrus and olives., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
The examples show how to find the place or location associated with an entity using properties related to location or place of origin. For the prophet Mohammed, we need to identify the entity representing him in Freebase and then find a property that indicates his place of origin or where he was from.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Prophet Mohammed" or "Mohammed" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mohammed Fairouz, also known as Fairouz, Mohammed (fb:m.0glrqj4): Mohammed Fairouz is an American composer. He is one of the most ...h, Gyorgy Ligeti and John Heiss. Fairouz lives in New York City., has type Composer
2. Raja Mohammed, also known as Raja Mohammad, Raja Mohammed, Raja, Mohammed (fb:m.0s9dqsg): Raja Mohammad is a film editor., Raja Mohammed is a film editor., has type Award Winner
3. Mohammed (fb:m.0lkpl9): has type Musical Recording
4. Mohammed Khan, also known as Mohd. Khan, Mohmed, Mohd. Umar Khan, Mohammed, Mohamed Khan (fb:m.0r8sd9d): Mohammed Khan is an actor., has type Film actor
5. Mohammed (fb:m.0d0s7dk): has type Book Edition
6. Mohammed (fb:m.0tbvh8): has type Musical Recording
7. Mohammed (fb:m.0nt_yy): has type Musical Recording
8. Mohammed (fb:m.0qz_m6b): Mohammed is an actor., has type Film actor
9. Mohammed Mohammed (fb:m.011chfy2): Mohammed Mohammed is a soccer player., has type Athlete
10. Mohammed (fb:m.01w3rch): has type Musical Group

[Assistant]
The search results did not return an entity explicitly labeled as the prophet Mohammed. The results mostly include people named Mohammed in various professions and some musical recordings or books named Mohammed.

Step 2: Try searching for "Prophet Mohammed" or "Muhammad" as an alternative spelling to find a more specific entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mohammed, the Arabian prophet (fb:m.069v7k3): has type Book
2. Mohammed, sceau des prophètes (fb:m.06t_s0r): has type Book
3. Mohammed. Die Geschichte des Propheten (fb:m.06m2f5r): has type Book
4. Mohammed; prophet of the religion of Islam (fb:m.06m2f60): has type Book
5. Prophet, also known as Soothsayer (fb:m.066dv): In religion, a prophet is an individual who is claimed to have b...who suggest escalating crisis are often called prophets of doom., has type Fictional job title
6. Mohammed Fairouz, also known as Fairouz, Mohammed (fb:m.0glrqj4): Mohammed Fairouz is an American composer. He is one of the most ...h, Gyorgy Ligeti and John Heiss. Fairouz lives in New York City., has type Composer
7. Family name, also known as Prophit, Prophet, Prophat, Profitt, Profit (fb:m.02xk2): Before the first dictionaries appeared in the last few hundred y... of Britain to determine the rate of taxation of their subjects., has type Family name
8. Prophet (fb:m.03f5byv): has type Musical Group
9. Raja Mohammed, also known as Raja Mohammad, Raja Mohammed, Raja, Mohammed (fb:m.0s9dqsg): Raja Mohammad is a film editor., Raja Mohammed is a film editor., has type Award Winner
10. Prophet, also known as Yogensha (Prophet) (fb:m.0f329j3): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant]
The search for "Prophet Mohammed" returned mostly books and some unrelated entities, but no direct entity for the historical prophet Mohammed himself.

Step 3: Try searching for "Muhammad" as an alternative spelling of the prophet's name to find a more specific entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Muhammad in Islam, also known as Mohammed, Mahomet, Muhammad, Muhammad, Muḥammad, Muḥammad ibn `Abd Allāh, Muhammad in Islam (fb:m.04s9n): Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, in shor...ed a model of the life-style that Muslims are obliged to follow., Muhammad, full name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAb...s visited by Gabriel and received his first revelation from God., has type Military Commander
2. Alp Arslan, also known as Alp Arslan ibn Chaghri-Beg ibn Mikail ibn Seljuq ibn Duqaq, Muhammad, Diya ad-Din, Adud ad-Dawlah, Abu Shuja (fb:m.0kdl): Alp Arslan was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-...ained the name Alp Arslan, which means "Heroic Lion" in Turkish., has type Noble person
3. Prophets in Islam, also known as Muhammad (fb:m.024b22): has type Belief
4. Muhammad, also known as Surat Muhammad (fb:m.04vlym): Surat Muhammad is the 47th sura of the Qur'an with 38 ayat. The ...dr took place during Ramadan, in year 2 of the Islamic calendar.
5. Muhammad (fb:m.012fjwq7): Muhammad: The Messenger of God is an upcoming 2015 Iranian film ... by Vittorio Storaro and film score is composed by A. R. Rahman., has type Film
6. Muhammad, also known as Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (fb:m.04wdb8g): Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources is an award-win... 1983 biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by Martin Lings., has type Book
7. Muhammad (fb:m.08p_zw6): has type Book Edition
8. Muhammad, also known as Mohammad of Tabaristan (fb:m.0_fpvzp): Muhammad of Tabaristan was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from ...1271. He was the son and successor of Ardashir II of Tabaristan., has type Monarch
9. Muhammad (fb:m.0264__l)
10. Muhammad: The Messenger of God, also known as Muhammad (fb:m.08wxhk): Muhammad, The Messenger of God is a book about Islam written by Betty Kelen., has type Book

[Assistant]
The search for "Muhammad" returned an entity that seems to represent the prophet Muhammad in Islam: fb:m.04s9n. This entity has a detailed description indicating it is the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Step 4: Now, let's search for properties of this entity that might indicate his place of origin or where he was from. I will search for properties related to "birth" or "origin" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
2. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
3. entry (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_subject.entry): part of Taxonomy Subject schema, links to type Taxonomy Entry
4. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
7. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
8. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
9. Family (fb:people.family_member.family): part of Family member schema, links to type Family
10. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Place of birth" (fb:people.person.place_of_birth) is available for the entity representing the prophet Muhammad. This property should give us the information about where the prophet Muhammad was from.

Step 5: Construct a SPARQL query to get the place of birth of the prophet Muhammad (fb:m.04s9n).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth       | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ------------------ | ----------------- |
| Mecca (fb:m.058wp) | Mecca (en)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of birth of the prophet Mohammed using the appropriate entity and property from the Freebase knowledge graph. The query returns the identifier and the English label for the place of birth, which is Mecca, matching the human-readable answer provided. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifier and optionally the label. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?parent ?parentLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02vntj fb:people.person.parents ?parent .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?parent rdfs:label ?parentLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?parentLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| parent                                | parentLabel                 |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Gerald Hathaway (fb:m.07ylp26)        | Gerald Hathaway (en)        |
| Kate McCauley Hathaway (fb:m.07ylp2d) | Kate McCauley Hathaway (en) |

Anne Hathaway's parents are Gerald Hathaway and Kate McCauley Hathaway.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is anne hathaway parents?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did newt gingrich attend college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.018fzs ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.018fzs fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
}

Using entities:
Newt Gingrich, also known as Newt, Rep. Newt Gingrich, Rep. Gingrich, Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich (fb:m.018fzs): Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich is an American politician, historia...n 1997, and in 1998 passed the first balanced budget since 1969., has type U.S. Congressperson
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
when did mcgee start on ncis?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03m8sg ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03m8sg fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.seasons ?x .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.character fb:m.07wpd_ .
  ?x fb:tv.tv_series_season.from ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
NCIS, also known as Navy NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, N.C.I.S (fb:m.03m8sg): NCIS is an American police procedural drama television series, r...eason eleven led to a second spin-off series, NCIS: New Orleans., has type Award-Winning Work
Timothy McGee (fb:m.07wpd_): Timothy "Tim" McGee is a fictional character from the CBS televi...e cast in the beginning of season two. His nickname is "McGeek"., has type TV Character

Using properties:
Character (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.character): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Character
Seasons (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.seasons): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Season
Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema
From (fb:tv.tv_series_season.from): part of TV Season schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
what country is the west bank located in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.082pc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.082pc fb:location.administrative_division.country ?x .
}

Using entities:
West Bank (fb:m.082pc): The West Bank Arabic: الضفة الغربية aḍ-Ḍiffah l-Ġarbiyyah; Hebr...m, illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this., has type Administrative Division

Using properties:
Country (fb:location.administrative_division.country): part of Administrative Division schema, links to type Country

[Assistant] I have seen examples where the query looks for parents of a person. Now I will search for the entity "Anne Hathaway" in Freebase to get her identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Anne Hathaway, also known as Anne Jacqueline Hathaway, Enn Kheteuey, Annie, Ann Hathaway, Anne Whitney Hathaway (fb:m.02vntj): Anne Jacqueline Hathaway is an American actress, singer, and pro...he Dark Knight Rises and Fantine in Tom Hooper's Les Misérables., has type Celebrity
2. Anne Hathaway, also known as Ann Hathaway (fb:m.03mzbg): Anne Hathaway was the wife of William Shakespeare, the English p... subject of much speculation by historians and creative writers., has type Deceased Person
3. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.05ngh3d): Three people die in an attempt to get a jump on their holiday sh...on's mouthpiece, and Anne Hathaway vows to become a train wreck., has type TV Episode
4. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.0j946gh): One of the sweetest stars in Hollywood, ANNE HATHAWAY, is here t...he very first time to perform her hit song, "Dancing on My Own.", One of the sweetest stars in Hollywood, ANNE HATHAWAY, is here t...p star. She's here to perform her hit song, "Dancing on My Own.", has type TV Episode
5. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.0kb0jh6): Warren Buffett enters the "class warfare" fray, Fitch downgrades...rsey's credit rating, and Anne Hathaway talks Scrabble strategy., has type TV Episode
6. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.0jgxn99): Actress Anne Hathaway on her movie The Dark Knight Rises; Round ...ion with comics Greg Proops, Heather McDonald, and Ross Mathews., has type TV Episode
7. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.07kcjnv): has type TV Episode
8. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.07mls9g): has type TV Episode
9. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.0wfdz3f): America temporarily avoids the Fiscal Cliff, House Republicans v...kage, and Anne Hathaway divulges the ending to "Les Miserables"., has type TV Episode
10. Anne Hathaway (fb:m.04_11dq): "Anne Hathaway" is a poem by Carol Ann Duffy about Anne Hathaway...sket of my widow's head/ as he held me upon that next best bed".

[Assistant] There are multiple entities named Anne Hathaway. The most relevant one for the question "who is Anne Hathaway parents?" is the first one (fb:m.02vntj), which is Anne Jacqueline Hathaway, the American actress. Now I will search for properties related to parents for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Supports (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.supporter): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Support
7. Wears (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.wears): links to type Fashion Choice, part of Celebrity schema
8. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
9. Siblings (fb:people.person.sibling_s): links to type Sibling Relationship, part of Person schema
10. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Parents" (fb:people.person.parents) is the relevant property for finding Anne Hathaway's parents. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the parents of Anne Hathaway (fb:m.02vntj). I will also include optional labels for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| parent                                | parentLabel                 |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Gerald Hathaway (fb:m.07ylp26)        | Gerald Hathaway (en)        |
| Kate McCauley Hathaway (fb:m.07ylp2d) | Kate McCauley Hathaway (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the parents of Anne Hathaway by using the property fb:people.person.parents. It returns both the identifiers and English labels of the parents, which are Gerald Hathaway and Kate McCauley Hathaway. The answer is accurate and complete according to the knowledge graph data. No further refinement is necessary.