PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?campaign ?year WHERE {
  fb:m.09b6zr fb:government.politician.election_campaigns ?campaign .
  ?campaign fb:government.election_campaign.election ?election .
  ?election fb:government.election.election_year ?year .
}

George W. Bush was elected in the year 2000. The query returns the election campaign entity and the election year directly from the election contest data.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was george w bush elected?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did roald dahl write?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0ff2k ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0ff2k fb:book.author.works_written ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roald Dahl, also known as Dahl, Roald, Roald Dal, Ronald Dahl (fb:m.0ff2k): Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, scr...Adult works include Tales of the Unexpected and My Uncle Oswald., has type Author

Using properties:
Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema

Example 2:
Question:
what office does hillary clinton hold?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d06m5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d06m5 fb:people.appointee.position ?y .
  ?y fb:people.appointment.appointed_role ?x .
}

Using entities:
Hillary Rodham Clinton, also known as First lady Hillary Rodham Clinton, The First Lady Hillary Clinton, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Sen. Hillary Clinton, Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton (fb:m.0d06m5): Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is a candidate for the Democratic P...e board of directors of Wal-Mart and several other corporations., has type U.S. Congressperson

Using properties:
Position (fb:people.appointee.position): links to type Appointment, part of Appointee schema
Appointed Role (fb:people.appointment.appointed_role): links to type Appointed Role, part of Appointment schema

Example 3:
Question:
when does nasdaq start trading?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05dq_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05dq_ fb:organization.organization.date_founded ?x .
}

Using entities:
NASDAQ, also known as The NASDAQ Stock Market, National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, NasdaqGS, National Association of Securities Deale, NASDAQ Stock Market (fb:m.05dq_): The NASDAQ Stock Market, commonly known as the NASDAQ, is an Ame...market network and several other US stock and options exchanges., has type Stock exchange

Using properties:
Date founded (fb:organization.organization.date_founded): part of Organization schema, links to type Date/Time

[Assistant]
The question is about the year George W. Bush was elected. This relates to an election event or a presidential term start date for George W. Bush.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "George W. Bush" in Freebase.
Step 2: Identify the property related to election year or term start year for a president.

I will start by searching for the entity "George W. Bush" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. George W. Bush, also known as G.W. Bush, Junior, Pres. George W. Bush, President Bush, President George Bush (fb:m.09b6zr): George Walker Bush is an American politician and businessman who...s president, the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred., has type US President
2. W., also known as W: Una película sobre G. Bush, W., l'improbable président, W. - Ein missverstandenes Leben, Oliver Stone's W., Hijo de... Bush (fb:m.03m5y9p): W. is a 2008 American biographical drama film loosely based on t... 12, 2008, in Louisiana and the film was released on October 17., has type Award-Winning Work
3. President George Walker Bush, also known as George W. Bush (Will Forte), George Bush, George W. Bush (Will Ferrell), George W. Bush (fb:m.0gxp2zw): George W. Bush is a fictional character form the 2008 film Harold & Kumar Escape from Guatanamo Bay., President George Walker Bush is a fictional character from the 2008 film Mission Istaanbul., George W. Bush is a fictional character from the 2010 documentary film I Want Your Money., George W. Bush is the fictional representation of George W. Bush in films., has type Film character
4. George W. Bush, also known as President Bush (fb:m.0ghnnb3): As producers travel to Kennebunkport, Maine, for a visit to the ...at risk her chance to have crucial planning meetings with Oprah., has type TV Episode
5. George W. Bush (fb:m.05dkm_p): has type TV Episode
6. George W. Bush (fb:m.05dkm_3): has type TV Episode, Guest Rob Lowe.
7. George W. Bush (fb:m.06yz412): has type TV Episode
8. George W. Bush (fb:m.0xbb7gz): has type Musical Recording
9. George W. Bush (fb:m.0sgxq9b): has type Musical Recording
10. George W. Bush (fb:m.0f6lt0h): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for George W. Bush is fb:m.09b6zr. Now, I will search for properties related to election or year of election for this entity. I will start by searching for properties related to "election" or "year" for George W. Bush.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Election campaigns (fb:government.politician.election_campaigns): links to type Election campaign, part of Politician schema
2. Party (fb:government.politician.party): links to type Political Party Tenure, part of Politician schema
3. Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held): links to type Government Position Held, part of Politician schema
4. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
5. Inauguration (fb:base.inaugurations.inauguration_speaker.inauguration): part of Inauguration Speaker schema, links to type Inauguration
6. President number (fb:government.us_president.presidency_number): part of US President schema, links to type Integer
7. Vice president (fb:government.us_president.vice_president): links to type US Vice President, part of US President schema
8. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
9. Nominated At (fb:base.politicalconventions.presidential_nominee.nominated_at): links to type U.S. Presidential Nominating Convention, part of Presidential Nominee schema
10. Appointment made (fb:people.appointer.appointment_made): links to type Appointment, part of Appointer schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Election campaigns" (fb:government.politician.election_campaigns) related to elections for George W. Bush. I will now explore this property to see if it contains information about the year he was elected.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property                                                         | object                                                   |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| George W. Bush (fb:m.09b6zr) | Election campaigns (fb:government.politician.election_campaigns) | George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2004 (fb:m.02jxtf) |
| George W. Bush (fb:m.09b6zr) | Election campaigns (fb:government.politician.election_campaigns) | George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) |

[Assistant] George W. Bush has two election campaigns listed: one in 2000 and one in 2004. These correspond to the years he was elected president. To confirm the exact year he was first elected, I will check the details of the 2000 campaign entity (fb:m.01_d0m) to see if it indicates the election year.

[Tool]
Got 36 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                  | property                                                            | object                                                                             |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                            |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /en/george_w_bush_presidential_campaign_2000                                       |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (en)                                    |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush_presidential_campaign,_2000>          |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1256336yn                                                                     |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Election campaign (fb:m.02_7ld8)                                                   |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | On June 14, 1999, Governor of Te...ted States in the 2000 election. (en)           |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.01_d0s                                                                        |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website)                 | <http://www.GOP.com>                                                               |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Works Written About This Topic (fb:book.book_subject.works)         | Smashmouth: Two Years in the Gut...tes from the 2000 Campaign Trail (fb:m.04w9c56) |
| ...                                                      | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The entity "George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000" is of type Election campaign and the description mentions the 2000 election. This confirms that George W. Bush was elected in the year 2000.

I will now finalize the SPARQL query to return the year 2000 as the year George W. Bush was elected.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the year 2000 as the year George W. Bush was elected, which matches the known historical fact. However, the query relies on filtering the label of election campaigns for the string "2000", which is not a robust approach. It would be better to directly query the date or year property of the election campaign or the election event associated with George W. Bush. This would make the query more precise and less dependent on label text. Also, the query should ideally return the actual election event or campaign entity along with the year for completeness. The answer provided is correct and complete, but the query can be improved for robustness and clarity.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will improve the query by directly querying the date or year property of the election campaign or election event associated with George W. Bush instead of relying on label filtering. I will also return the election campaign entity along with the year for completeness.

First, I will check if the election campaign entity has a date or year property that can be used. I will explore properties of the 2000 election campaign entity (fb:m.01_d0m) to find a date or year property.

[Tool]
Got 36 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                  | property                                                            | object                                                                             |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                            |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /en/george_w_bush_presidential_campaign_2000                                       |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (en)                                    |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush_presidential_campaign,_2000>          |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1256336yn                                                                     |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Election campaign (fb:m.02_7ld8)                                                   |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | On June 14, 1999, Governor of Te...ted States in the 2000 election. (en)           |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.01_d0s                                                                        |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website)                 | <http://www.GOP.com>                                                               |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Works Written About This Topic (fb:book.book_subject.works)         | Smashmouth: Two Years in the Gut...tes from the 2000 Campaign Trail (fb:m.04w9c56) |
| ...                                                      | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The properties of the 2000 election campaign entity do not explicitly show a date or year property in the first 10 rows. I will try to search for properties related to "date" or "year" for this entity to find a suitable property for the election year.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Election (fb:government.election_campaign.election): part of Election campaign schema, links to type Election contest
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Candidate (fb:government.election_campaign.candidate): part of Election campaign schema, links to type Politician
7. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
8. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
9. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Election" (fb:government.election_campaign.election) for the election campaign entity that links to an election contest. I will now explore this election contest entity to see if it has a date or year property. I will first get the election contest linked to the 2000 election campaign.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                  | property                                            | object                                                 |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| George W. Bush presidential campaign, 2000 (fb:m.01_d0m) | Election (fb:government.election_campaign.election) | United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) |

[Assistant] The 2000 election campaign is linked to the election contest "United States presidential election, 2000" (fb:m.07vx3). I will now explore the properties of this election contest entity to find a date or year property.

[Tool]
Got 697 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                | property                                                            | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                                                |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /en/united_states_presidential_election_2000                                                                |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | 2000 ABD başkanlık seçimleri (tr)                                                                           |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%1F%40%35%37%38%34%35%3D%42%41%3A%38_%38%37%31%3E%40%38_%32_%21%10%29_(2000)> |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.125cbpj_p                                                                                |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Election contest (fb:m.02_7ld2)                                                                             |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | 2000 metų JAV prezidento rinkima... partijų asociacijos kandidatas. (lt)                                    |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.07vxc                                                                                |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Elezioni presidenziali statunitensi del 2000 (it)                                                           |
| United States presidential election, 2000 (fb:m.07vx3) | Image (fb:common.topic.image)                                       | George-W-Bush (fb:m.02bs94j)                                                                                |
| ...                                                    | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] The election contest entity "United States presidential election, 2000" has many properties but none of the first 10 rows show a direct date or year property. I will search for properties related to "date" or "year" for this election contest entity to find a suitable property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema
2. End date (fb:time.event.end_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema
3. Date of election (fb:government.election.election_year): part of Election contest schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Event type (fb:base.culturalevent.event.event_type): part of event schema, links to type Text
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Office (fb:government.election.office): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Election contest schema
9. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is a property "Date of election" (fb:government.election.election_year) for the election contest entity that links to a Date/Time value. This property seems to be the most appropriate to get the year of the election.

I will now construct a SPARQL query that returns the election campaign entity and the election year using this property.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the election campaigns of George W. Bush along with their election years from the Freebase knowledge graph. The answer that George W. Bush was elected in the year 2000 is accurate and supported by the query results, which also include the 2004 election campaign. The query returns the actual identifiers of the campaigns and the election years as dates, fulfilling the requirement to return identifiers and relevant data. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?label WHERE {
  fb:m.0k0sb rdfs:label ?label .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                 |
| --------------------- |
| Serbian language (en) |

The Serbian language is called "Serbian language" in English.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is serbian language called?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who played giles on buffy the vampire slayer?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.014j17 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.014j17 fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series fb:m.0cskb .
}

Using entities:
Rupert Giles (fb:m.014j17): Rupert Giles is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon for...rock music scene, until a bereavement brought him to his senses., has type TV Character
Buffy the Vampire Slayer, also known as BtVS (fb:m.0cskb): Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American television series which ...uccess for the relatively new and smaller WB Television Network., has type TV Program

Using properties:
Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Actor
Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Program
Programs in which this was a regular character (fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Character schema

Example 2:
Question:
what years did the red sox win the world series?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01d5z ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01d5z fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Boston Red Sox, also known as The Olde Towne Team, The Sox, Red Sox, Boston Americans, BoSox (fb:m.01d5z): The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team ba...86-year wait before the team's sixth World Championship in 2004., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
where is north port florida located?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01z_vzm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01z_vzm fb:location.hud_county_place.county ?x .
}

Using entities:
North Port, also known as North Port, Florida, Sarasota County / North Port city (fb:m.01z_vzm): North Port is a city in southern Sarasota County, Florida, Unite...a change to simply North Port to proclaim its separate identity., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
County (fb:location.hud_county_place.county): part of HUD County Place schema, links to type US County

[Assistant]
The question "what is Serbian language called?" is asking for the name or label of the Serbian language entity. We need to find the entity for the Serbian language in the knowledge graph and then retrieve its name or label.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Serbian language" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Serbian language, also known as Bosnian, Serbian, Montenegrin (fb:m.0k0sb): Serbian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian langua...alphabet was designed by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1830., has type Human Language
2. Serbian language (fb:m.0bpm0hg)
3. Romano-Serbian language, also known as Tent Gypsy, Serbian Romany language (fb:m.013rcr): The Romano-Serbian language is a mixed language resulting from l...ies and distinct from the Vlax Romani dialects spoken in Serbia., has type Human Language
4. Serbian Cyrillic language (fb:m.010s9tqk)
5. Serbian language in Croatia (fb:m.012mc3g8): The Serbian language is one of officially recognized minority la...s sre two standardized varieties of the Serbo-Croatian language.
6. Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (fb:m.03c82v8): The Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language is a lingu...ić University of Kragujevac Srpska književna zadruga in Belgrade, has type Organization
7. Language (fb:m.04g7d): Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of co...istling. This is because human language is modality-independent., has type Website Category
8. Language (fb:type.lang)
9. Serbian (fb:m.0l_22p)
10. Language (fb:m.0l8pmj1): "Language" is a song by American electronic music producer and D... Chart. The song features uncredited vocals from Heather Bright., has type Composition

[Assistant]
The entity "Serbian language" is found with the identifier fb:m.0k0sb. This entity is described as the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language.

Step 2: Retrieve the label or name of this entity to confirm what it is called.

[Tool]
Got 43 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property   | object                 |
| ----------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------- |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Bahasa Serbia (id)     |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Bahasa Serbia (ms)     |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Idioma serbio (es)     |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Idioma serbio (es-419) |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Język serbski (pl)     |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Limba sârbă (ro)       |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Lingua serba (it)      |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Língua sérvia (pt)     |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Serba lingvo (eo)      |
| Serbian language (fb:m.0k0sb) | rdfs:label | Serbe (fr)             |
| ...                           | ...        | ...                    |

[Assistant]
The Serbian language entity (fb:m.0k0sb) has labels in many languages. The English label is not explicitly shown in the first 10 rows, but the entity itself is called "Serbian language" in English.

I will now write a SPARQL query to retrieve the English label of the Serbian language entity to confirm its name.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label                 |
| --------------------- |
| Serbian language (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the English label for the Serbian language entity from the Freebase knowledge graph. The answer "Serbian language" is accurate and directly addresses the user's question about what the Serbian language is called. The query uses the correct entity and filters for the English label, providing a clear and concise response. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.053yx fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?causeOfDeathLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath                      | causeOfDeathLabel        |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

Miles Davis died of respiratory failure, stroke, and pneumonia.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did miles davis died of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what type of government germany have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0345h ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0345h fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Germany, also known as Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD (fb:m.0345h): Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federa...9, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
where is jack daniels factory?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.021zmy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.021zmy fb:distilled_spirits.distillery.region ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jack Daniel's, also known as Alcoholic beverage, distilled, whiskey, 86 proof, Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey (fb:m.021zmy): Jack Daniel's is a brand of Tennessee whiskey and the highest se...uct were sold in the company's fiscal year ended April 30, 2013., has type Brand

Using properties:
Region (fb:distilled_spirits.distillery.region): links to type Spirit-producing region, part of Distillery schema

Example 3:
Question:
what are the major imports of the united states?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09c7w0 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09c7w0 fb:location.statistical_region.major_imports ?y .
  ?y fb:location.imports_exports_by_industry.industry ?x .
}

Using entities:
United States of America, also known as U.S. of A., USA, U.S.A., US, U.S. (fb:m.09c7w0): The United States of America, commonly referred to as the United...s emerged from 13 British colonies located along the East Coast., has type Country

Using properties:
Industry (fb:location.imports_exports_by_industry.industry): part of Imports/exports by industry schema, links to type Industry
Major imports (fb:location.statistical_region.major_imports): links to type Imports/exports by industry, part of Statistical region schema

[Assistant] I will now search for the entity "Miles Davis" in the freebase knowledge graph to get his identifier. Then I will look for properties related to death or cause of death for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Miles Davis, also known as Prince Of Darkness, Miles Dewey Davis III, Miles Dewey Davis, Miles Davis Quartet, Miles Davies (fb:m.053yx): Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, ...ng the masterpiece and reaffirming jazz as a national treasure"., has type Musical Artist
2. Miles Davis (fb:m.0fw_htz): has type Consumer product
3. Miles Davis (fb:m.0__bz46): has type Consumer product
4. Miles Davis (fb:m.023jl31): has type Musical Release
5. Miles Davis (fb:m.0313gmg): has type Musical Release
6. Miles Davis (fb:m.08y2hd1): has type Book Edition
7. Miles Davis, also known as Eight Classic Albums (fb:m.01j5mwq): has type Musical Album
8. Miles Davis (fb:m.0bfdzyw): Miles Davis is the 2005 compilation album by Miles Davis., has type Musical Album
9. Miles Davis, also known as Miles Arliss (fb:m.010p4n01): Miles Davis is an actor., has type Film actor
10. Miles Davis (fb:m.010jk9n): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for the musician Miles Davis is fb:m.053yx. Next, I will search for properties related to death or cause of death for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
2. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
3. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Place of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial): links to type Place of interment, part of Deceased Person schema
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Content (fb:broadcast.artist.content): links to type Broadcast Content, part of Broadcast Artist schema
7. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
10. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Cause of death" (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death) seems to be the right property to find out what Miles Davis died of. I will now construct a SPARQL query to get the cause of death for Miles Davis (fb:m.053yx).

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath                      | causeOfDeathLabel        |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Respiratory failure (fb:m.019dmc) | Respiratory failure (en) |
| Stroke (fb:m.02y0js)              | Stroke (en)              |
| Pneumonia (fb:m.0dq9p)            | Pneumonia (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the causes of death for Miles Davis from the Freebase knowledge graph. It returns the identifiers and English labels for each cause of death, which are respiratory failure, stroke, and pneumonia. The answer provided is accurate and complete based on the query results. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?careerStart WHERE {
  fb:m.035gcb fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start ?careerStart .
}

Albert Pujols' rookie year (career start) was in 2001.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was albert pujols rookie year?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what are shirley temple kids names?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03d9v8 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03d9v8 fb:people.person.children ?x .
}

Using entities:
Shirley Temple, also known as Shirley Jane Temple, Shirley Temple Black, Shirley Temple-Black (fb:m.03d9v8): Shirley Temple Black was an American film and television actress...llywood for four years in a row in a Motion Picture Herald poll., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 2:
Question:
what is shakira's nationality?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01wj18h ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01wj18h fb:people.person.nationality ?x .
}

Using entities:
Shakira, also known as Shakira Ripoll, Shakira Mebarak Ripoll, Shakira Mebarak, Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll, Mebarak (fb:m.01wj18h): Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll, is a Colombian singer, songwriter...ka Waka", became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

Example 3:
Question:
what kind of system of government does the united states have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09c7w0 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09c7w0 fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
United States of America, also known as U.S. of A., USA, U.S.A., US, U.S. (fb:m.09c7w0): The United States of America, commonly referred to as the United...s emerged from 13 British colonies located along the East Coast., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

[Assistant] First, I will search for the entity "Albert Pujols" in the Freebase knowledge graph to get his identifier. Then, I will look for properties related to "rookie year" or similar terms for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Albert Pujols, also known as The Machine, Sir Albert, Phat Albert, MV3, José Alberto Pujols Alcántara (fb:m.035gcb): José Alberto Pujols Alcántara, better known as Albert Pujols, is...r regular season batting average, walk rate, and Isolated Power., has type Baseball Player
2. Albert Pujols (fb:m.0gh1zhs): Shaquille O'Neal takes on St. Louis Cardinals slugger Albert Pujols in a hitting competition., has type TV Episode
3. Albertico Pujols Acosta, also known as Albertico Pujols (fb:m.05v91nx): Albertico Pujols Acosta is an actor., has type Film actor
4. Meet Albert Pujols (fb:m.06b07p9): has type Book
5. Albert Pujols, Jr. (fb:m.0j6q27l): Albert Pujols, Jr. is the son of Albert Pujols., has type Person
6. DSC00621 Albert Pujols (fb:m.0635_cs)
7. Maggie Gyllenhaal, Albert Pujols (fb:m.06y72wn): has type TV Episode
8. Shaq vs. Albert Pujols (fb:m.0j_bq9q): Shaquille O'Neal takes on St. Louis Cardinals slugger Albert Pujols in a hitting competition., has type TV Episode
9. Denis Leary, Albert Pujols, Jimmy Webb (fb:m.0dkhdtm): Actor Denis Leary; MLB player Albert Pujols; Jimmy Webb performs., Actor Michael Keaton; The Flaming Lips perform., has type TV Episode
10. DSC06139 Shaquille O'Neal and Albert Pujols (fb:m.079xgsh)

[Assistant] The entity for Albert Pujols is fb:m.035gcb. Now I will search for properties related to "rookie year" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Drafted (fb:sports.drafted_athlete.drafted): links to type Sports League Draft Pick, part of Drafted athlete schema
2. Career Start (fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start): links to type Date/Time, part of Athlete schema
3. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
4. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Position(s) (fb:baseball.baseball_player.position_s): links to type Baseball Position, part of Baseball Player schema
7. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
8. Sports played (fb:sports.pro_athlete.sports_played_professionally): links to type Sports played, part of Athlete schema
9. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
10. Height (fb:people.person.height_meters): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Career Start" (fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start) seems to be the most relevant to the rookie year of Albert Pujols. I will now query the career start year for Albert Pujols using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| careerStart              |
| ------------------------ |
| 2001-04 (xsd:gYearMonth) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves Albert Pujols' career start year from the freebase knowledge graph using the property fb:sports.pro_athlete.career_start. The result is 2001-04, which corresponds to the year 2001, matching the answer provided. The query returns the actual identifier and the date value as required. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question about Albert Pujols' rookie year.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?from ?to WHERE {
  fb:m.060m4 fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders ?positionHeld .
  ?positionHeld fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?person .
  ?positionHeld fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from .
  ?positionHeld fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( ?from <= "1993-12-31" ^^ xsd:date && ?to >= "1993-01-01" ^^ xsd:date )
}

The Canadian prime ministers in 1993 were Brian Mulroney (until June 25, 1993), Kim Campbell (from June 25, 1993 to November 4, 1993), and Jean Chrétien (from November 4, 1993 onwards). Alexander Mackenzie is excluded as he did not hold office during 1993.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was canadian prime minister in 1993?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what are major exports of the usa?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09c7w0 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09c7w0 fb:location.statistical_region.major_exports ?y .
  ?y fb:location.imports_exports_by_industry.industry ?x .
}

Using entities:
United States of America, also known as U.S. of A., USA, U.S.A., US, U.S. (fb:m.09c7w0): The United States of America, commonly referred to as the United...s emerged from 13 British colonies located along the East Coast., has type Country

Using properties:
Industry (fb:location.imports_exports_by_industry.industry): part of Imports/exports by industry schema, links to type Industry
Major exports (fb:location.statistical_region.major_exports): links to type Imports/exports by industry, part of Statistical region schema

Example 2:
Question:
when is the us open tennis mens final 2011?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  fb:m.0l6c9 fb:tennis.tennis_tournament.match_results ?y .
  ?y fb:tennis.tennis_match.date ?x ; fb:tennis.tennis_match.match_format fb:m.04hdtlb .
  FILTER ( xsd:dateTime ( ?x ) - xsd:dateTime ( "2011-01-01" ) >= 0 ) FILTER ( xsd:dateTime ( ?x ) - xsd:dateTime ( "2011-12-31" ) <= 0 )
}

Using entities:
Men's singles (fb:m.04hdtlb)
The US Open (Tennis), also known as us open tennis tournament, us open tennis championship, us open tennis, US Open, U.S. National Championship (fb:m.0l6c9): The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hardcourt tenni...the only major that employs tiebreakers in every set of a match., has type TV Program Creator

Using properties:
Date (fb:tennis.tennis_match.date): part of Tennis Match schema, links to type Date/Time
Match Format (fb:tennis.tennis_match.match_format): links to type Tennis Match Type, part of Tennis Match schema
Match Results (fb:tennis.tennis_tournament.match_results): part of Tennis Tournament schema, links to type Tennis Match

Example 3:
Question:
what countries in the world speak arabic?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jzc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jzc fb:language.human_language.countries_spoken_in ?x .
}

Using entities:
Arabic Language, also known as اللغة العربية, عربي, /m/0jzc, Arabic (fb:m.0jzc): Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ is the Classical Arabic language of the 6th cen...her as a single language for political and/or religious reasons., has type Human Language

Using properties:
Spoken in countries (fb:language.human_language.countries_spoken_in): part of Human Language schema, links to type Country

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who was the Canadian prime minister in 1993?", I need to identify the entity for Canada and the property related to the prime minister or head of government. Then, I need to find the prime minister who was in office during the year 1993.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Canada" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country
2. Government of Canada, also known as Canadian government, Canada (fb:m.02wz7x): The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is ...urt rulings, and unwritten conventions developed over centuries., has type Government
3. Canada (fb:m.046v_0): Canada was the name of the French colony that once stretched alo...to Great Britain, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec., has type Location
4. Rebecca Northan, also known as Global Late Night Players, Canada, Calgary, Alberta (fb:m.0frm_z): Rebecca Northan is a Canadian actress, improviser, theatre direc...ies The Foundation, directed by fellow Calgarian, Michael Dowse., has type Film actor
5. Canada (fb:m.01p2ys7): Canada is an American indie folk-pop music group from Ann Arbor,...ly used to mix portions of the second and third Star Wars films., has type Musical Group
6. Canada (fb:m.0kbgt8f): Canada is a 2012 novel by American author Richard Ford. The nove...Falls, Montana, a setting that Ford frequently uses in his work., Canada is a book written by Richard Ford., has type Book
7. Canada (fb:m.0rrnq3): has type Musical Recording
8. Canada (fb:m.03h_b59): has type Musical Group
9. Canada, Kentucky, also known as Canada, Kentucky, Canada (fb:m.0493ptt): Canada is an unincorporated community in Pike County, Kentucky. ...is located on U.S. Route 119, 13.8 miles northeast of Pikeville., has type City/Town/Village
10. Canada (fb:m.07w19x9): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for the country Canada is fb:m.0d060g. Next, I need to find the property related to the prime minister or head of government for Canada. I will search for properties related to "prime minister" for the entity Canada (fb:m.0d060g).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
2. Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema
3. Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema
4. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
5. Gender balance, Members of Parliament (fb:location.statistical_region.gender_balance_members_of_parliament): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Percentage
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held
8. Government bodies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Governmental Body
9. Rulers (fb:royalty.kingdom.rulers): part of Kingdom schema, links to type Monarch
10. GNI in PPP dollars (fb:location.statistical_region.gni_in_ppp_dollars): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Money Value

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Government positions" (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) and "Governing officials" (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials) seem relevant for finding the prime minister of Canada. I will explore the "Government positions" property for Canada to see if it includes the prime minister position.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject              | property                                                                            | object                                                  |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Governor General of Canada (fb:m.09hwt)                 |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4)                   |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Leader of the Official Opposition (fb:m.021v45)         |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Minister of Justice (fb:m.02xjt_)                       |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Minister of Trade and Commerce (fb:m.0bxh4bw)           |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Minister of Regional Economic Expansion (fb:m.0bxj5rj)  |
| Canada (fb:m.0d060g) | Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions) | Minister of Industry, Trade and Commerce (fb:m.0bxj43t) |

[Assistant] The position "Prime Minister of Canada" is identified as fb:m.060m4. Now, I need to find who held the position of Prime Minister of Canada in the year 1993. I will search for properties related to "office holder" or "person" for the entity Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders): part of Government Office or Title schema, links to type Government Position Held
2. Governmental body (if any) (fb:government.government_office_or_title.governmental_body_if_any): part of Government Office or Title schema, links to type Governmental Body
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
5. Jurisdiction (fb:government.government_office_or_title.jurisdiction): part of Government Office or Title schema, links to type Governmental Jurisdiction
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. People With This Profession (fb:people.profession.people_with_this_profession): part of Profession schema, links to type Person
8. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Firsts (fb:base.firsts.achievement.firsts): links to type First Achievement, part of Achievement schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Office Holders" (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) seems to be the right property to find the people who held the position of Prime Minister of Canada. I will now query for the office holders of the Prime Minister of Canada.

[Tool]
Got 28 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                               | property                                                                 | object       |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------ |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04g9twy |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kc_7_ |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk22c |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk22r |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk230 |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk239 |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk23l |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk23w |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk2b8 |
| Prime Minister of Canada (fb:m.060m4) | Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders) | fb:m.04kk2bk |
| ...                                   | ...                                                                      | ...          |

[Assistant] There are multiple office holders for the position of Prime Minister of Canada. To find the prime minister in 1993, I need to check the time period during which each office holder held the position. I will now check the properties of one of the office holders to find the property related to the time period or dates of holding the office. I will check the properties of the first office holder fb:m.04g9twy.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. To (fb:government.government_position_held.to): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. From (fb:government.government_position_held.from): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title): links to type Government office category, part of Government Position Held schema
5. Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Government Position Held schema
6. Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Politician

No other items found

[Assistant] The properties "From" (fb:government.government_position_held.from) and "To" (fb:government.government_position_held.to) indicate the time period during which the office holder held the position. I will now query for the office holders of the Prime Minister of Canada along with their "From" and "To" dates to find who was the prime minister in 1993.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 4 columns:
| person                          | personLabel              | from                  | to                    |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------ | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)       | Kim Campbell (en)        | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Brian Mulroney (fb:m.0h0zn)     | Brian Mulroney (en)      | 1984-09-17 (xsd:date) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0)      | Jean Chrétien (en)       | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |
| Alexander Mackenzie (fb:m.0n4t) | Alexander Mackenzie (en) |                       |                       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the Canadian prime ministers who held office during 1993, including their terms. The answer correctly identifies Brian Mulroney, Kim Campbell, and Jean Chrétien with their respective dates in 1993. However, the query also returns Alexander Mackenzie, who was a prime minister in the 19th century and not relevant to 1993. This indicates that the filtering condition on the dates is not fully effective in excluding unrelated office holders without date bounds. To improve, the query should explicitly exclude office holders without valid 'from' and 'to' dates overlapping 1993, or ensure that only office holders with date ranges intersecting 1993 are included. This refinement will remove irrelevant results and make the answer more precise.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the current query includes an office holder without date bounds (Alexander Mackenzie), which is not relevant to 1993. To refine the query, I will explicitly exclude office holders that do not have valid "from" and "to" dates overlapping with the year 1993. This means I will only include office holders where both "from" and "to" dates are bound and overlap with 1993. I will update the query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 4 columns:
| person                      | personLabel         | from                  | to                    |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Kim Campbell (fb:m.0bwz5)   | Kim Campbell (en)   | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) |
| Brian Mulroney (fb:m.0h0zn) | Brian Mulroney (en) | 1984-09-17 (xsd:date) | 1993-06-25 (xsd:date) |
| Jean Chrétien (fb:m.0k0y0)  | Jean Chrétien (en)  | 1993-11-04 (xsd:date) | 2003-12-12 (xsd:date) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all Canadian prime ministers who held office during any part of 1993 by filtering office terms overlapping with the year 1993. The query returns the identifiers, labels, and the start and end dates of their terms, which is appropriate and complete for the question. The answer correctly lists Brian Mulroney, Kim Campbell, and Jean Chrétien with their respective term dates in 1993. No irrelevant persons are included, and the query respects the requirement to return IRIs. Overall, the output is accurate, complete, and well-structured.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0154j fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
LIMIT 10

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                       | languageLabel        |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    | Dutch Language (en)  |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) | German Language (en) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          | French (en)          |

The three official languages of Belgium are Dutch Language, German Language, and French.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the three official languages of belgium?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what 4 states border the pacific ocean?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05rgl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05rgl fb:location.location.adjoin_s ?y .
  ?y fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.0kpys4 .
}

Using entities:
Pacific Ocean (fb:m.05rgl): The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic division... discovered the great "southern sea" which he named Mar del Sur., has type Body Of Water
US State (fb:m.0kpys4): A US State is one of the fifty sub-national entitites comprising... of America. Each state has its own capital city and government.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Adjoins (fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins): part of Adjoining Relationship schema, links to type Location
Adjoins (fb:location.location.adjoin_s): links to type Adjoining Relationship, part of Location schema

Example 2:
Question:
who are the players on the toronto maple leafs?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0j6tr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0j6tr fb:sports.sports_team.roster ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.player ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Toronto Maple Leafs, also known as The Leafs, (fb:m.0j6tr): The Toronto Maple Leafs is a professional ice hockey team based ...ought between championships is currently the longest in the NHL., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Roster (fb:sports.sports_team.roster): links to type Sports team roster, part of Sports Team schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
Player (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.player): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Athlete
To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
where did dolly parton grew up?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02f1c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02f1c fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Dolly Parton, also known as The Smoky Mountain Songbird, Dolly, The Queen of Nashville, The Queen of Country, The Leading Lady of Country (fb:m.02f1c): Dolly Rebecca Parton is an American singer-songwriter, actress, ...inda Ronstadt and Emmylou Harris were among her later successes., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that the approach is to first identify the entity (Belgium) and then find the property related to official languages. I will start by searching for the entity "Belgium" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Belgium, also known as België, Belgique, Kingdom of Belgium (fb:m.0154j): Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state... Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia., has type Country
2. Belgium, also known as Vermilion County / Belgium village, Belgium, Illinois (fb:m.0shj5): Belgium is a village in Vermilion County, Illinois, United State...tan Statistical Area. The population was 466 at the 2000 census., has type City/Town/Village
3. Belgium, also known as Belgium, Wisconsin (fb:m.01mmcc): Belgium is a village located in the Town of Belgium in Ozaukee C...sin, United States. The population was 2,245 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
4. Belgium, also known as Belgium, Wisconsin, Ozaukee County / Belgium village (fb:m.01mmc0): Belgium is a town in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. T...corporated community of Dacada is located partially in the town., has type City/Town/Village
5. Belgium (fb:m.05ymt7c): has type Author
6. Belgium, also known as Belgium, West Virginia (fb:m.08cdy8): Belgium is an unincorporated community in Taylor County, West Virginia, United States., has type City/Town/Village
7. Bjorn Jiskoot Jr., also known as Mr. J, B.J., Belgium, Bjorn Jiskoot (fb:m.03hkmxf): has type Film actor
8. Belgium, also known as Belgium (acoustic) (fb:m.0t4_02): has type Musical Recording
9. Belgium (fb:m.093zpvh): has type Book Edition
10. Belgium (fb:m.0thdvy): has type Canonical Version

[Assistant] The entity for Belgium as a country is fb:m.0154j. Next, I will search for properties related to official languages for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official symbols (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.official_symbols): links to type Location/symbol relationship, part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema
3. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
4. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
5. Government bodies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Governmental Body
6. Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema
7. Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held
8. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
9. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
10. Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for official language of a country is fb:location.country.official_language. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the official languages of Belgium using this property.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                       | languageLabel        |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Dutch Language (fb:m.02bv9)    | Dutch Language (en)  |
| German Language (fb:m.04306rv) | German Language (en) |
| French (fb:m.064_8sq)          | French (en)          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the three official languages of Belgium from the Freebase knowledge graph. It uses the appropriate property for official languages of a country and returns the language identifiers along with their English labels. The answer matches the query result and is accurate. No further refinement is necessary.