PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?child ?childName WHERE {
  fb:m.029f79 fb:people.person.children ?child .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?child rdfs:label ?childName
  }
}

Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| child                             | childName               |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (de)  |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (en)  |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (tr)  |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (de) |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (en) |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (tr) |

John Terry's children are Summer Rose Terry and Georgie John Terry.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are john terry's children called?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where was joseph p kennedy born?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01qlg1 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01qlg1 fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., also known as Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr., Joseph P. Kennedy, Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Sr., Joseph Patrick Kennedy, Joseph Kennedy, Sr. (fb:m.01qlg1): Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy, Sr. was an American businessman, i...ith Franklin D. Roosevelt, then Assistant Secretary of the Navy., has type Politician

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where did the battle of new orleans start?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.012vkj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.012vkj fb:time.event.locations ?x .
}

Using entities:
Battle of New Orleans (fb:m.012vkj): The Battle of New Orleans was a series of engagements fought bet... retreated, finally putting an end to the Battle of New Orleans., has type Military Conflict

Using properties:
Location(s) (fb:time.event.locations): links to type Location, part of Event schema

Example 3:
Question:
when did the chicago bulls win their first championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jm74 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jm74 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:time.event.start_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Chicago Bulls, also known as Bulls (fb:m.0jm74): The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team b...y $65 million in operating income from the 2014-2015 NBA season., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

[Assistant] The question is about John Terry's children. First, I need to identify the entity "John Terry" in the knowledge graph. Then, I will look for properties related to children or offspring of this entity. I will start by searching for the entity "John Terry."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John Terry, also known as John George Terry (fb:m.029f79): John George Terry is an English professional footballer who play...helsea and is also the club's all-time highest scoring defender., has type Football player
2. John Terry (fb:m.070td6): John Terry is an American film, television, and stage actor. He ...n the TV series Lost and Larry McCoy in the TV series Las Vegas., has type TV Actor
3. Winifred Terry, also known as W. Terry, Winford E. Terry, Winford, J. Terry, W.E. Terry (fb:m.03f7qdg): Winifred Terry is a musician., has type Composer
4. John H. Terry, also known as John Terry (fb:m.0ksnd6): John Hart Terry was an American lawyer and politician from New York., has type U.S. Congressperson
5. John Terry (fb:m.02vyghh): John Baxter Terry was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played...Terry was born in Fairfax, Iowa, and died in Cedar Rapids, Iowa., has type Baseball Player
6. John Terry (fb:m.0fnyn1): John Terry was an Olympic weightlifter for the United States., has type Olympic athlete
7. Terry John (fb:m.0l1ypqs): Terry John is an actor., has type Film actor
8. John Terry (fb:m.02pzkdk): John Terry was an early settler and pioneer farmer in New Norfol...perty he called 'Askrigg', named after the village of his birth., has type Deceased Person
9. John Terry (fb:m.03gyh4g): John Terry was a Church of England clergyman and anti-Catholic c...ltshire in 1590. The Triall of Truth attacked Roman Catholicism., has type Deceased Person
10. John Terry (fb:m.05xysgz): has type Author

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for John Terry in the context of the question (children) is likely the first one: John Terry (fb:m.029f79), who is an English professional footballer. Now, I will search for properties related to children or offspring of this entity. I will search for properties of the entity "John Terry" (fb:m.029f79) with a query related to children.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
2. Siblings (fb:people.person.sibling_s): links to type Sibling Relationship, part of Person schema
3. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
4. Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
5. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
6. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
7. Height (fb:people.person.height_meters): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Person schema
8. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
9. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Position(s) (fb:soccer.football_player.position_s): links to type Football Position, part of Football player schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Children" (fb:people.person.children) is available for the entity John Terry (fb:m.029f79). Now I will write a SPARQL query to get the children of John Terry using this property.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| child                             | childName               |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (de)  |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (en)  |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (tr)  |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (de) |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (en) |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (tr) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the children of John Terry along with their names. The answer provided matches the query results, listing Summer Rose Terry and Georgie John Terry as his children. The query uses the appropriate entity and property and returns the expected results. The output is complete and accurate.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

People in Australia speak English, Esperanto, and Lojban according to the knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what do people in australia speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is francis bacon and what did he do?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.030dr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.030dr fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Francis Bacon, also known as Sir Francis Bacon (fb:m.030dr): Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Alban, Kt PC QC, was an English phil...le studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat., has type Author

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
what books did lincoln write?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0gzh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0gzh fb:book.author.works_written ?x .
}

Using entities:
Abraham Lincoln, also known as The Sage of Springfield, The Great Emancipator, The Illinois Baboon, The Jester, The Martyr President (fb:m.0gzh): Abraham Lincoln /ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ was the 16th President of th...ew Republican Party, which had a statewide majority in Illinois., has type US President

Using properties:
Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema

Example 3:
Question:
what years did the knicks win the championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jm3v ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jm3v fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
New York Knicks, also known as Knicks (fb:m.0jm3v): The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks,...ly guided the Knicks to two NBA championships, in 1970 and 1973., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

[Assistant]
The question is about the language spoken by people in Australia. We need to find the entity for Australia and then find the property related to the language spoken by the people there.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Australia" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country
2. Australian Continent, also known as Australia, Down Under (fb:m.09pkq0): Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sa...o the now-separate islands are considered part of the continent., has type Continent
3. Australia, also known as Austrália (fb:m.026qnh6): Australia is a 2008 Australian-American-British epic historical ...tes throughout late December 2008 and January and February 2009., Australia is an Australian romance film-epic film directed by Ba...o face the bombing of Darwin, Australia, by the Japanese forces., has type Award-Winning Work
4. Government of Australia, also known as Australia, Australian Government (fb:m.04jrx3): The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia, also referred t...presentative democracy, with important elements of both present., has type Organization founder
5. Australia, also known as Sehnsucht nach Australien (fb:m.09rtv7m): Australia is a 1989 film directed by Jean-Jacques Andrien., has type Film
6. Australia (fb:m.0pylm8): has type Musical Recording
7. Muscles, also known as Australia (fb:m.0cj7gw3): Muscles is a 2009 short film written and directed by Edward Housden., has type Film
8. Australia, also known as Australia, Australia (single version) (fb:m.0qww94): has type Musical Recording
9. Australia (fb:m.0kpg4sd): "Australia" was released by Manic Street Preachers on 2 December... later feature on the Lipstick Traces compilation album in 2003., Australia is a song by Manic Street Preachers., Australia is a composition., has type TV theme song
10. Australia (fb:m.0c8xkn): Australia: Aufbruch ins Abenteuer is a board game intended for t...develop several national parks, and other conservation projects., has type Game

[Assistant] The entity for the country Australia is fb:m.0chghy. Now, let's search for properties related to language or spoken language for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
4. Subjects (fb:common.topic.subjects): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
5. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
6. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
8. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
9. Subject of (fb:common.topic.subject_of): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
10. Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "Languages spoken" (fb:location.country.languages_spoken) seems to be the correct property to find what languages people in Australia speak.

Now, let's write a SPARQL query to get the languages spoken in Australia using the entity fb:m.0chghy and the property fb:location.country.languages_spoken.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in Australia from the knowledge graph. It returns the language identifiers and their English labels, which is appropriate. The answer listing English, Esperanto, and Lojban matches the query results and is a valid response based on the data. No further refinement is necessary as the query and answer are complete and accurate given the knowledge graph used.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?latitude ?longitude WHERE {
  fb:m.04hhv fb:location.location.geolocation ?geolocation .
  ?geolocation fb:location.geocode.latitude ?latitude ; fb:location.geocode.longitude ?longitude .
}

Laos is located at latitude 17.966667 and longitude 102.6 on the world map.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is laos in world map?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
when was saint nicholas died?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f9q7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f9q7 fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Saint Nicholas, also known as Nikolaos of Bari, Nikolaos of Myra, Nikolaos the Wonderworker, St. Nicholas (fb:m.0f9q7): Saint Nicholas;, also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4t...nd Reformed churches have been named in honor of Saint Nicholas., has type Deceased Person

Using properties:
Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 2:
Question:
what years have the dodgers won the world series?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04mjl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04mjl fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Los Angeles Dodgers (fb:m.04mjl): The Los Angeles Dodgers are a professional baseball team in Los ...cutive from 1979 to 1982 and five consecutive from 1992 to 1996., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
what country surrounds spain?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06mkj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06mkj fb:location.location.adjoin_s ?y .
  ?y fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
Spain, also known as Kingdom of Spain, Furija, España (fb:m.06mkj): Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state loc...the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Adjoins (fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins): part of Adjoining Relationship schema, links to type Location
Adjoins (fb:location.location.adjoin_s): links to type Adjoining Relationship, part of Location schema

[Assistant]
The question "where is Laos in world map?" is asking for the geographical location of the country Laos. In Freebase, countries are typically represented as entities with a type related to location or country. The property that might represent the location or coordinates of a country could be something like "location" or "geographical coordinates."

Step 1: Search for the entity "Laos" in Freebase to get its identifier.
Step 2: Search for properties related to location or coordinates for the entity Laos.
Step 3: Construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the location or coordinates of Laos.

I will start by searching for the entity "Laos" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Laos, also known as Lao People's Democratic Republic, 라오스 (fb:m.04hhv): Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a land...y, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975., has type Country
2. L.A.O.S., also known as L.A.O.S, Laos (fb:m.03f7n4c): has type Musical Group
3. Laos (fb:m.0c6zpyg): has type Book Edition
4. Laos (fb:m.07ly7_4): Tony has always been fascinated by Asia. This time he's visiting... investigate its history, culture and unique culinary offerings., has type TV Episode
5. Laos (fb:m.010p7cnf): Laos is a drama film directed by Im Jeong-hwan., has type Film
6. Laos (fb:m.04w9s71): has type Book
7. Laos (fb:m.0y9wgg_): has type Musical Recording
8. Laos (fb:m.011mgbw): has type Musical Recording
9. Laos (fb:m.0rfqfn4): has type Musical Recording
10. Laos (fb:m.0q5lh_b): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity "Laos" as a country is identified as fb:m.04hhv in Freebase. Next, I will search for properties related to location or coordinates for this entity to find out where Laos is on the world map. I will search for properties of the entity Laos with a query related to location or coordinates.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Area (fb:location.location.area): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Location schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema
4. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Geolocation (fb:location.location.geolocation): part of Location schema, links to type Geocode
7. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. entry (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_subject.entry): part of Taxonomy Subject schema, links to type Taxonomy Entry
10. Teams (fb:sports.sports_team_location.teams): part of Sports Team Location schema, links to type Sports Team

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Geolocation" (fb:location.location.geolocation) seems to be the most relevant to represent the location of Laos on the world map. I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the geolocation of Laos (fb:m.04hhv) using this property. I will also include the label of the geolocation if available.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| geolocation  | geolocationLabel |
| ------------ | ---------------- |
| fb:m.046vy25 |                  |

[Assistant] The geolocation of Laos is represented by the entity fb:m.046vy25 in Freebase. To provide a more informative answer, I will now look for more details about this geolocation entity, such as coordinates or a description that can help understand where Laos is on the world map. I will search for properties of the geolocation entity fb:m.046vy25.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                  | object                        |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| fb:m.046vy25 | Type (fb:type.object.type)                | Geocode (fb:location.geocode) |
| fb:m.046vy25 | Latitude (fb:location.geocode.latitude)   | 17.966667                     |
| fb:m.046vy25 | Longitude (fb:location.geocode.longitude) | 102.6                         |
| fb:m.046vy25 | rdf:type                                  | Geocode (fb:location.geocode) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the latitude and longitude of Laos from the Freebase knowledge graph. The query uses the appropriate entity identifier for Laos and the correct properties for geolocation, latitude, and longitude. The result matches the answer provided, giving the precise coordinates of Laos on the world map. The output is accurate, complete, and follows the SPARQL query rules. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.03rjj fb:location.country.currency_used ?currency .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER ( lang( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency          | currencyLabel |
| ----------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (fb:m.02l6h) | Euro (en)     |

The currency used in Italy is the Euro.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the currency in italy?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did tennessee williams live?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0c4y8 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0c4y8 fb:people.person.places_lived ?y .
  ?y fb:people.place_lived.location ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tennessee Williams, also known as Thomas Lanier Williams III, Thomas Lanier Williams, Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III, Tennessee Williams' "Sweet Bird of Youth", Tennessee (fb:m.0c4y8): Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III was an American playwrigh...s death, he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame., has type Author

Using properties:
Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): links to type Place lived, part of Person schema
Location (fb:people.place_lived.location): part of Place lived schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what language do they denmark?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0k6nt ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0k6nt fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Denmark, also known as Kingdom of Denmark, 丹麦, Kongeriget Danmark, Dänemark (fb:m.0k6nt): Denmark is a country in Northern Europe. The southernmost of the...me king until the union was dissolved by outside forces in 1814., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
who does malcom floyd play for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02x2764 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02x2764 fb:base.schemastaging.athlete_extra.salary ?y .
  ?y fb:base.schemastaging.athlete_salary.team ?x .
}

Using entities:
Malcom Floyd (fb:m.02x2764): Malcom Floyd is an American football wide receiver for the San D...afted free agent in 2004. He played college football at Wyoming., has type American football player

Using properties:
Salary (fb:base.schemastaging.athlete_extra.salary): part of Athlete extra schema, links to type Athlete salary
Team (fb:base.schemastaging.athlete_salary.team): links to type Sports team extra, part of Athlete salary schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, it is clear that to find the currency of a country, we need to identify the entity for the country (Italy) and then find the property related to currency for that country.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Italy" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Italy, also known as Italia, Italian Republic (fb:m.03rjj): Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamenta...uch as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli., has type Country
2. Italy, also known as Italy, Texas, Ellis County / Italy town (fb:m.0100v5): Italy is a town in Ellis County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town has a total population of 1,863., has type City/Town/Village
3. Italy, also known as Italy, New York (fb:m.0ycqz): Italy is a town located in Yates County, New York, United States...he southwestern part of the county and is south of Canandaigua ., has type City/Town/Village
4. Italy (fb:m.0fqgrp): The Italy Pavilion is a part of the World Showcase within Epcot ...ion is between the Germany and The American Adventure pavilions., has type Location
5. Italy (fb:m.0g21mhh): has type Musical Release
6. Italy (fb:m.0qg319): has type Musical Recording
7. Italy (fb:m.0394f8_): has type Musical Release
8. Italy (fb:m.0_d_6gh): has type Musical Release
9. Italy (fb:m.0c846y0): has type Book Edition
10. Italy (fb:m.0c7jkdk): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for Italy as a country is fb:m.03rjj. Next, I will search for properties related to currency for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema
2. Currency Formerly Used (fb:location.country.currency_formerly_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema
3. GDP (nominal) (fb:location.statistical_region.gdp_nominal): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Money Value
4. Inflation rate (fb:location.statistical_region.cpi_inflation_rate): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Percentage
5. GNI in PPP dollars (fb:location.statistical_region.gni_in_ppp_dollars): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Money Value
6. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
7. GDP real (fb:location.statistical_region.gdp_real): links to type Adjusted money value, part of Statistical region schema
8. Trade balance (% of GDP) (fb:location.statistical_region.trade_balance_as_percent_of_gdp): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Percentage
9. Deposit interest rate (fb:location.statistical_region.deposit_interest_rate): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Percentage
10. Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Currency Used" (fb:location.country.currency_used) seems to be the correct property to find the currency of Italy. Now, I will write a SPARQL query to get the currency used in Italy.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency          | currencyLabel |
| ----------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (fb:m.02l6h) | Euro (en)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency used in Italy by using the property 'currency_used' linked to the entity for Italy. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the currency, which is Euro. The execution result matches the expected answer, confirming that the currency in Italy is the Euro. The query follows the rules by returning the identifier and label, and the answer is complete and accurate.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.03shp fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                      | languageLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Persian Language (fb:m.032f6) | Persian Language (en) |

The national language of Iran is Persian Language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the national language of iran?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is the current queen of australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0chghy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0chghy fb:royalty.kingdom.rulers ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.04fnrhx .
}

Using entities:
Monarch (fb:m.04fnrhx): A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy, a form of governme...hey often take part in certain ceremonies, such as a coronation.
Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Rulers (fb:royalty.kingdom.rulers): part of Kingdom schema, links to type Monarch

Example 2:
Question:
which countries does south africa export to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0hzlz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0hzlz fb:location.statistical_region.places_exported_to ?y .
  ?y fb:location.imports_and_exports.exported_to ?x .
}

Using entities:
South Africa, also known as Republic of South Africa, Republiek van Suid-Afrika (fb:m.0hzlz): South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a coun...ial life, though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language., has type Country

Using properties:
Exported to (fb:location.imports_and_exports.exported_to): part of Imports and exports schema, links to type Statistical region
Places exported to (fb:location.statistical_region.places_exported_to): links to type Imports and exports, part of Statistical region schema

Example 3:
Question:
what to do when traveling to london?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04jpl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04jpl fb:travel.travel_destination.tourist_attractions ?x .
}

Using entities:
London, also known as the (big) smoke, The Great Wen, Londres, London, England, Capital of Great Britain (fb:m.04jpl): London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of Englan...est metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
Tourist attractions (fb:travel.travel_destination.tourist_attractions): part of Travel destination schema, links to type Tourist attraction

[Assistant]
The examples show how to query for specific properties of countries or places. To find the national language of Iran, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for Iran.
2. Find a property related to "national language" or "official language".
3. Query the value of that property for Iran.

I will start by searching for the entity "Iran" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Iran, also known as Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia (fb:m.03shp): Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of I... became the dominant cultural and political power in the region., has type Country
2. Irán Castillo, also known as IrÃÂ¡n Castillo, Irán Castillo Pinzón, Iran Castillo, Iran, Castillo, Irán (fb:m.01n4t8x): Irán Castillo is a Mexican actress and singer. Who began her car... Buda. Also she is known as a singer for her single "Yo por el"., has type Film actor
3. Iranshahr, also known as Iranshahr, Iran (fb:m.0613sk): Iranshahr is a city in and capital of Iranshahr County, Sistan a...ry. Bampur, where the ancient Bampur fort is located, is nearby., has type City/Town/Village
4. Iran, also known as Etymology of Iran, Name of Iran (fb:m.02r59rt): The name of Iran derives immediately from 3rd-century Sassanian ...luded territories that were not primarily inhabited by Iranians.
5. Iran (fb:m.01p2ypy): has type Musical Group
6. Iran. (fb:m.05ypyvp): has type Author
7. Iran (fb:m.032jr2w): has type Musical Release
8. Iran (fb:m.09gptrj): Iran newspaper is the official daily newspaper of the government of Iran., has type Newspaper
9. Iran (fb:m.02q78vs): Iran was the first Muslimgauze album pressed to CD, and the firs...made by Soleilmoon that retains the Staalplaat catalogue number., has type Musical Album
10. Iran (fb:m.0c5yq0t): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for Iran as a country is fb:m.03shp. Next, I will search for properties related to "national language" or "official language" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Titles (fb:media_common.netflix_genre.titles): part of Netflix Genre schema, links to type Netflix Title
6. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
9. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
10. Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Official Language" (fb:location.country.official_language) for the entity Iran (fb:m.03shp). I will now query the official language(s) of Iran using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                      | languageLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Persian Language (fb:m.032f6) | Persian Language (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official language of Iran from the Freebase knowledge graph. It uses the appropriate entity for Iran and the property for official language. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the language. The result correctly identifies Persian Language as the national language of Iran. The answer is accurate and complete based on the query results.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.011wgw fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
LIMIT 1

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth                 | placeOfBirthLabel   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Saint-Domingue (fb:m.01f5d8) | Saint-Domingue (en) |

Toussaint L'Ouverture was born in Saint-Domingue.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was toussaint l'ouverture born?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who did jeremy lin sign with?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09k72lh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09k72lh fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Jeremy Lin, also known as Jeremy Shu-How Lin, Linsanity (fb:m.09k72lh): Jeremy Shu-How Lin is an American professional basketball player...ayed one season with the Lakers before signing with the Hornets., has type Basketball Player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team

Example 2:
Question:
when did herman cain run for president?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05972y ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05972y fb:government.politician.election_campaigns ?x .
}

Using entities:
Herman Cain (fb:m.05972y): Herman Cain is an American author, business executive, radio hos...a senior economic adviser to the Bob Dole presidential campaign., has type Politician

Using properties:
Election campaigns (fb:government.politician.election_campaigns): links to type Election campaign, part of Politician schema

Example 3:
Question:
who owns nissan car manufacturer?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05b4c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05b4c fb:organization.organization.founders ?x .
}

Using entities:
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., also known as Nissan Motors, Nissan Motor Co Ltd (fb:m.05b4c): Nissan Motor Company Ltd, usually shortened to Nissan, is a Japa...issan is the leading Japanese brand in China, Russia and Mexico., has type Organization founder

Using properties:
Founders (fb:organization.organization.founders): links to type Organization founder, part of Organization schema

[Assistant]
The question is about the birthplace of Toussaint L'Ouverture. The key entity here is "Toussaint L'Ouverture" and the property we are interested in is something like "place of birth" or "birthplace."

Step 1: Search for the entity "Toussaint L'Ouverture" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Toussaint Louverture, also known as François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda (fb:m.011wgw): François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint... constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life., has type Politician
2. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.04tx7lk): has type Book Edition
3. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.010tnzng): has type Composition
4. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.011kd3t8): has type Musical Recording
5. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.0ftsdzm): has type Musical Recording
6. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.04t49j6): has type Book
7. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.0g77lbf)
8. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.02bfbj4)
9. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.011kgggh)
10. Toussaint L'Ouverture (fb:m.0mqm6cs)

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for Toussaint L'Ouverture is fb:m.011wgw, which corresponds to François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, a politician. Now, I will search for properties related to birth or birthplace for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
2. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
3. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
4. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
7. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
8. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
9. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
10. Service (fb:military.military_person.service): links to type Military Service, part of Military Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Place of birth" (fb:people.person.place_of_birth) is the relevant property for the birthplace of Toussaint L'Ouverture. Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the place of birth for the entity fb:m.011wgw.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth                 | placeOfBirthLabel   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Saint-Domingue (fb:m.01f5d8) | Saint-Domingue (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of birth for Toussaint L'Ouverture from the Freebase knowledge graph. The query returns the identifier and the English label for the place of birth, which is Saint-Domingue. The answer provided is accurate and matches the query result. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifier and an optional label. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?placeOfDeath ?placeOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.019jy5 fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?placeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfDeath rdfs:label ?placeOfDeathLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfDeathLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfDeath            | placeOfDeathLabel |
| ----------------------- | ----------------- |
| Inverness (fb:m.012d9h) | Inverness (en)    |

Robin Cook, the British Labour Party politician, died in Inverness.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did robin cook die?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who was judy collins married to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.016hrc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.016hrc fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Judy Collins, also known as Miss J, Marjorie Collins, Judith Marjorie "Judy" Collins, Judith Marjorie Collins, Collins, Judy (fb:m.016hrc): Judith Marjorie Collins is an American singer and songwriter kno...as well as a Grammy Award win for Sondheim for Song of the Year., has type Musical Artist
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
what job did george w bush have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09b6zr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09b6zr fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
George W. Bush, also known as G.W. Bush, Junior, Pres. George W. Bush, President Bush, President George Bush (fb:m.09b6zr): George Walker Bush is an American politician and businessman who...s president, the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks occurred., has type US President

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where does the appalachian trail run through?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0lyj0 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0lyj0 fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Appalachian National Scenic Trail, also known as Appalachian Trail (fb:m.0lyj0): The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Ap...thru-hike the trail the other way, otherwise known as a "yo-yo.", has type Protected Site

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
The question is "where did robin cook die?" We need to find the entity for "Robin Cook" and then find a property related to the place of death or death location.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Robin Cook" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Robin Cook, also known as Dr. Robin Cook (fb:m.02_5yp): Dr. Robert Brian "Robin" Cook is an American physician and novel...igest. His books have sold nearly 400 million copies worldwide ., has type Author
2. Robin Cook, also known as Robert Finlayson Cook (fb:m.019jy5): Robert Finlayson Cook was a British Labour Party politician, who...al Security and Non-Proliferation All Party Parliamentary Group., Robin Cook was a politician., has type Politician
3. Robin Cook, also known as Cook, Robin, John Oakfield, Jonas Ekfeldt (fb:m.01w_c8c): Jonas Ekfeldt is a Swedish music producer and singer. Won acclai...the name Robin Cook, titled "Susanna" with Ekfeldt on the cover., has type Musical Artist
4. Derek Raymond, also known as Robert William Arthur Cook, Robin Cook (fb:m.0cfh7r): Robert William Arthur Cook, better known since the 1980s by his ...ish crime writer, credited with being a founder of British noir., has type Author
5. Robin D. Cook, also known as Robin Cook (fb:m.09fhj3x): Robin D. Cook is a casting director., has type TV Actor
6. Robin D. Cook, also known as Robin Cook (fb:m.02pl8kx): has type Politician
7. Robin Cooke (fb:m.0nhd666): has type Musical Artist
8. Terminal, also known as Death Infection - Terminal, Robin Cook's Terminal (fb:m.04j2qyg): Terminal is a 1996 drama horror film directed by Larry Elikann., has type Film
9. Bart Robinson Cook (fb:m.0gc2ynr): has type Film actor
10. Robin Cook Boxed Set (fb:m.06krdgm): has type Book

[Assistant]
There are multiple entities named "Robin Cook." The two most relevant are:
1. Robin Cook (fb:m.02_5yp) - an American physician and novelist.
2. Robin Cook (fb:m.019jy5) - a British Labour Party politician.

Since the question is about where Robin Cook died, it is more likely referring to the British Labour Party politician (fb:m.019jy5) because death location is more commonly recorded for notable politicians.

Step 2: Search for properties related to death or place of death for the entity Robin Cook (fb:m.019jy5).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
2. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
3. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
7. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
8. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
9. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant]
We found the property "Place of death" (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death) which is relevant to the question.

Step 3: Construct a SPARQL query to find the place of death for Robin Cook (fb:m.019jy5).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfDeath            | placeOfDeathLabel |
| ----------------------- | ----------------- |
| Inverness (fb:m.012d9h) | Inverness (en)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of death for Robin Cook using the appropriate property and entity. The query also optionally fetches the English label for the place of death, which is Inverness. The answer given is accurate and complete based on the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?movie WHERE {
  fb:m.02_tv5 fb:film.actor.film ?movie .
}

Got 24 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie        |
| ------------ |
| fb:m.02vbbx0 |
| fb:m.03hpjtv |
| fb:m.045xm7r |
| fb:m.04d5qln |
| fb:m.04hv85f |
| ...          |
| fb:m.0jzwwm  |
| fb:m.0k0669  |
| fb:m.0k0cb_  |
| fb:m.0k66h_  |
| fb:m.0k6ys4  |

Omar Epps appeared in several movies, but unfortunately, the English titles for these movies are not available in the dataset. The movies are identified by their Freebase IDs.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies is omar epps in?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what are the four nations of the uk?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.location.contains ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what book did jacob riis wrote?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jll4 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jll4 fb:book.author.works_written ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jacob Riis, also known as A. Jacob Riis, Jacob August Riis, Jacob A Riis (fb:m.0jll4): Jacob August Riis was a Danish American social reformer, "muckra...xposing their living conditions to the middle and upper classes., has type Author

Using properties:
Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema

Example 3:
Question:
who played giles on buffy the vampire slayer?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.014j17 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.014j17 fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series fb:m.0cskb .
}

Using entities:
Rupert Giles (fb:m.014j17): Rupert Giles is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon for...rock music scene, until a bereavement brought him to his senses., has type TV Character
Buffy the Vampire Slayer, also known as BtVS (fb:m.0cskb): Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American television series which ...uccess for the relatively new and smaller WB Television Network., has type TV Program

Using properties:
Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Actor
Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Program
Programs in which this was a regular character (fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Character schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to find movies an actor is in, we need to:
1. Identify the entity for the actor (Omar Epps).
2. Find the property that links the actor to movies.

I will first search for the entity "Omar Epps" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Omar Epps, also known as Omar Hashim Epps (fb:m.02_tv5): Omar Hashim Epps is an American actor, rapper, songwriter, and r...Foreman on the Fox medical drama series House from 2004 to 2012., has type Film actor
2. Omar Epps (fb:m.0k9zx43): has type TV Episode
3. Omar Epps (fb:m.04x_dgc)
4. Omar Epps (fb:m.08vx001)
5. Omar Epps Pictures (fb:m.0czh4f0)
6. KRISTEN DAVIS, OMAR EPPS (fb:m.05dj8vz): KRISTEN DAVIS, OMAR EPPS, has type TV Episode
7. Kim Cattrall; Omar Epps (fb:m.06wy5gm): has type TV Episode
8. Omar Epps/Jen Schefft/Claudia Cohen (fb:m.07n5fwn): Today we announce the winner of LIVE'S BEAUTIFUL BABY CONTEST! O...nd Kelly. And CLAUDIA COHEN gives an exclusive pre-Oscar report., has type TV Episode
9. Barbara Walters, Omar Epps, The Futureheads (fb:m.06y1hld): has type TV Episode
10. Larry King, Omar Epps, Sheila Kelley (fb:m.06y1kf6): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for Omar Epps as a film actor is fb:m.02_tv5. Now I will search for properties of this entity that relate to movies or films.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Films Produced (fb:film.producer.film): part of Film producer schema, links to type Film
2. Films appeared in (fb:film.person_or_entity_appearing_in_film.films): part of Person or entity appearing in film schema, links to type Personal film appearance
3. Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
4. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed): part of Value Notation schema, links to type Property
9. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
10. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Film performances" (fb:film.actor.film) seems to be the most relevant to find movies Omar Epps acted in. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the movies Omar Epps (fb:m.02_tv5) appeared in using this property.

[Tool]
Got 24 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie        | movieLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.02vbbx0 |            |
| fb:m.03hpjtv |            |
| fb:m.045xm7r |            |
| fb:m.04d5qln |            |
| fb:m.04hv85f |            |
| ...          | ...        |
| fb:m.0jzwwm  |            |
| fb:m.0k0669  |            |
| fb:m.0k0cb_  |            |
| fb:m.0k66h_  |            |
| fb:m.0k6ys4  |            |

[Assistant] I found 24 movies that Omar Epps appeared in, but most of them do not have English labels. I will try to get the English labels for these movies in a separate query to provide a more informative answer.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no English labels directly attached to the movies Omar Epps appeared in. I will provide the movie identifiers as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the movies Omar Epps has acted in by using his Freebase ID and the film.actor.film property. However, the answer only provides the Freebase IDs of the movies without any human-readable labels or titles. To improve the answer's usefulness, the query should be refined to also retrieve the movie titles (using rdfs:label or a similar property) in an optional clause. This will make the answer more understandable to users who may not recognize Freebase IDs.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to include movie titles in an optional clause so that the results contain both the movie identifiers and their human-readable labels (titles) when available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves movies in which Omar Epps appeared, including their identifiers and English labels when available. However, many of the returned movies lack English labels, which reduces the readability and usefulness of the answer. To improve, the query could be refined to ensure that only movies with English labels are returned, or additional properties could be used to better identify the movies. Also, the answer should explicitly list some of the movie titles to better satisfy the user's question rather than just showing identifiers. Overall, the approach is correct but the presentation and completeness of labels can be improved.

[Assistant] To improve the answer, I will refine the SPARQL query to only return movies that have English labels. This will ensure that the results are more readable and useful. Additionally, I will explicitly list some of the movie titles in the answer to better satisfy the user's question.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no movies with English labels directly attached. I will try to get the movie titles using an alternative property "fb:type.object.name" which might hold the name of the movie.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The alternative property for movie names also returned no results. It seems the movies Omar Epps appeared in do not have English labels or names in this dataset. I will provide the movie identifiers along with a note that English labels are not available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person WHERE {
  fb:m.0c6qh fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated ?person .
}

Brad Pitt has dated several people according to the Freebase knowledge graph. Unfortunately, the human-readable names (labels) for these people are not available in the knowledge graph. The entities he has dated are identified by the following IRIs: fb:m.063g4f2, fb:m.064bhq6, fb:m.064bhr2, fb:m.064f25x, fb:m.065p_2z, fb:m.065q497, fb:m.065q4gf, fb:m.065q4pj, fb:m.065q7lp, fb:m.065q9tc, and others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who brad pitt has dated?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is the name of the sacred text of islam?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0flw86 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0flw86 fb:religion.religion.texts ?x .
}

Using entities:
Islam (fb:m.0flw86): Islam is a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion articulated by the Q...der it to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God., has type Religion

Using properties:
Texts (fb:religion.religion.texts): links to type Religious Text, part of Religion schema

Example 2:
Question:
who plays walter in fringe?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03cf9ly ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03cf9ly fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.character fb:m.04q8mtg .
}

Using entities:
Fringe (fb:m.03cf9ly): Fringe is an American science fiction television series created ...veral episodes also exploring the series' overarching mythology., has type TV Program
Walter Bishop, also known as Dr. Walter Bishop (fb:m.04q8mtg): Walter Bishop (played by John Noble) is a fictional character in...eaving his son (Peter Bishop) to decode his rantings for others., Walter Harold Bishop, Ph.D. is a fictional character on the Fox ...parallel universe, who is referred to in the show as Walternate., has type TV Character

Using properties:
Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Actor
Character (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.character): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Character
Regular acting performances (fb:tv.tv_program.regular_cast): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Program schema

Example 3:
Question:
what language do they speak in northern ireland?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05bcl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05bcl fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Northern Ireland, also known as the North of Ireland, the occupied six counties, the six counties (fb:m.05bcl): Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britai...reland and Southern Ireland by an act of the British parliament., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant] The examples did not directly address relationships or dating, so I will now search for the entity "Brad Pitt" in the Freebase knowledge graph to find the correct identifier for him. This will help me find properties related to his dating or relationships.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Brad Pitt, also known as Pitt-bull, William Bradley Pitt, William Bradley "Brad" Pitt, Tyler Durden, Buratto Pitto (fb:m.0c6qh): William Bradley "Brad" Pitt is an American actor and producer. H...rformances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Moneyball., has type Celebrity
2. Brad Pitt (fb:m.043r0jn): Bradley Michael "Brad" Pitt, also known as Hollywood, is an Aust...006 Commonwealth Games and for qualifying for the 2008 Olympics., has type Boxer
3. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0kb0kzz): Mitt Romney wins the Florida primary, John Oliver and Jason Jone...of the wealth gap, and Brad Pitt roots for baseball's underdogs., has type TV Episode
4. Brad Pitt (fb:m.07n5p7c): has type TV Episode
5. Brad pitt (fb:m.0skrx3g): has type Canonical Version
6. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0f4l_rx): has type Musical Recording
7. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0jb43ny): Brad Pitt casts light on his life and career in an interview with James Lipton., has type TV Episode
8. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0fb9773): has type Musical Recording
9. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0wg7614): Is Motion Blur A Lie? HD Cable Channels Missing: Check For A Switch Video Upgrade., has type TV Episode
10. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0wg760d): Is Motion Blur A Lie? HD Cable Channels Missing: Check For A Switch Video Upgrade., has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for the actor Brad Pitt is fb:m.0c6qh. Now I will search for properties related to dating or relationships for this entity. I will start by searching for properties of Brad Pitt that might be related to dating or relationships.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Dated (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Dated
2. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
3. Breakup (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.breakup): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Breakup
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Canoodled (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.canoodled): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Canoodled
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Interest (fb:base.popstra.sww_base.interest): part of sww_base schema, links to type Integer
10. Bought (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.bought): links to type Product Choice, part of Celebrity schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Dated" (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated) seems to be the most relevant for finding who Brad Pitt has dated. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the entities that Brad Pitt has dated using this property. I will also include labels for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person       | personLabel |
| ------------ | ----------- |
| fb:m.063g4f2 |             |
| fb:m.064bhq6 |             |
| fb:m.064bhr2 |             |
| fb:m.064f25x |             |
| fb:m.065p_2z |             |
| ...          | ...         |
| fb:m.065q497 |             |
| fb:m.065q4gf |             |
| fb:m.065q4pj |             |
| fb:m.065q7lp |             |
| fb:m.065q9tc |             |

[Assistant] Brad Pitt has dated several people, but the labels for these entities are not available in the results. I will now try to get the labels for these entities separately to provide a more readable answer. I will query the labels for the first few entities from the list.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The labels for the entities Brad Pitt has dated are not available in English in the knowledge graph. I will now provide the list of entities (IRIs) that Brad Pitt has dated as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the IRIs of people Brad Pitt has dated, which answers the question. However, the answer only provides the IRIs without any human-readable labels or names, which is not user-friendly. To improve, the query should be refined to optionally include the rdfs:label or another suitable property to return the names of the people Brad Pitt has dated. This will make the answer more understandable to the user. Also, the answer text should mention the names rather than just the IRIs.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to include optional labels (names) of the people Brad Pitt has dated, so the answer is more user-friendly and understandable. I will then provide the names in the answer text.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person       | personLabel |
| ------------ | ----------- |
| fb:m.063g4f2 |             |
| fb:m.064bhq6 |             |
| fb:m.064bhr2 |             |
| fb:m.064f25x |             |
| fb:m.065p_2z |             |
| ...          | ...         |
| fb:m.065q497 |             |
| fb:m.065q4gf |             |
| fb:m.065q4pj |             |
| fb:m.065q7lp |             |
| fb:m.065q9tc |             |

[Assistant] The labels (names) for the people Brad Pitt has dated are still not available in English in the knowledge graph. Since the knowledge graph does not provide human-readable names for these entities, I will provide the answer with the IRIs and mention that the names are not available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the IRIs of the people Brad Pitt has dated. However, the answer is not very user-friendly because it only provides the IRIs without any human-readable labels or names. To improve the answer, the query should be refined to also retrieve the rdfs:label or another suitable property for each person, ideally within an OPTIONAL clause to avoid losing results if labels are missing. This will make the answer more informative and understandable for the user.

[Assistant] I understand the need for a more user-friendly answer with names included. I will refine the SPARQL query to retrieve both the IRIs and the labels (names) of the people Brad Pitt has dated, using an OPTIONAL clause for the labels. I will then provide the names in the answer text, and if labels are missing, I will mention the IRIs as well.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person       | personLabel |
| ------------ | ----------- |
| fb:m.063g4f2 |             |
| fb:m.064bhq6 |             |
| fb:m.064bhr2 |             |
| fb:m.064f25x |             |
| fb:m.065p_2z |             |
| ...          | ...         |
| fb:m.065q497 |             |
| fb:m.065q4gf |             |
| fb:m.065q4pj |             |
| fb:m.065q7lp |             |
| fb:m.065q9tc |             |

[Assistant] The query still does not return human-readable labels for the people Brad Pitt has dated. It seems the knowledge graph does not have English labels for these entities. I will provide the answer with the IRIs and mention that the names are not available in the knowledge graph.

[Tool] Stopped generation process