PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?place ?placeLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.060_7 fb:people.person.places_lived ?place .
  ?place fb:people.place_lived.location ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?placeLabel FILTER ( lang( ?placeLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| place        | placeLabel  |
| ------------ | ----------- |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | Málaga (en) |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | France (en) |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | Madrid (en) |

Pablo Picasso lived in Málaga, France, and Madrid according to the Freebase knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where all did picasso live?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what was van gogh famous for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07_m2 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07_m2 fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Vincent van Gogh, also known as Vincent Willem van Gogh (fb:m.07_m2): Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Post-Impressionist painter. He was... of the vivid coloration that distinguished his later paintings., has type Visual Artist

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who played betty rizzo in grease?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01xlqd ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01xlqd fb:film.film.starring ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.actor ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.character fb:m.0fqbs6 .
}

Using entities:
Grease, also known as Vaselina, Pomádé, Grease Sing-A-Long, Grease - Nos tempos da Brilhantina, Grease - Brillantina (fb:m.01xlqd): Grease is a 1978 American musical romantic comedy-drama film dir...2. Only a few of the original cast members reprised their roles., has type Award-Winning Work
Betty Rizzo (fb:m.0fqbs6): has type Film character

Using properties:
Performances (fb:film.film.starring): links to type Film performance, part of Film schema
Actor (fb:film.performance.actor): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film actor
Character (fb:film.performance.character): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film character

Example 3:
Question:
where was john lennon standing when he was shot?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01vsl3_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01vsl3_ fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
John Lennon, also known as The Beatles, John, Plastic Ono Band, Lennon, John Winston Ono Lennon MBE (fb:m.01vsl3_): John Winston Ono Lennon MBE was an English singer and songwriter... wit in his music, writing, drawings, on film and in interviews., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
The examples show how to query for places related to a person using properties like place_of_death. For Picasso, we want to find where he lived, so we need to find the entity for Picasso and then find properties related to places he lived.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Picasso" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pablo Picasso, also known as Picasso, Picaso, Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, Pablo Diego José Francisco de Pa...antísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (fb:m.060_7): Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish... in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence., has type Visual Artist
2. Philipp Petzschner, also known as Picasso, Petsche (fb:m.02z3b_2): Philipp Petzschner is a professional German tennis player. He is...doubles ranking is world no. 9, which he achieved in April 2011., has type Tennis Player
3. Radu Sîrbu, also known as Picasso, RadU (fb:m.0c0q2b): Radu Sîrbu is a Moldovan singer. He was part of the Moldovan pop...trio O-Zone. He currently lives and works in Bucharest, Romania., has type Musical Artist
4. The Mystery of Picasso, also known as Mysteriet Picasso, The Mystery Of Picasso, Picasso rejtélye, Picasso - arvoitus, Picasso (fb:m.02z5c5x): The Mystery of Picasso is a 1956 French documentary film about t...mentary film Visit to Picasso did it almost seven years earlier., has type Award-Winning Work
5. Picasso, also known as ピカソ (fb:m.01v0mvv): Picasso is a Japanese rock band which made its debut in 1984 wit...ronom Records in 2000 in order to produce and handle new talent., has type Musical Group
6. Picasso (fb:m.03b9ht_): has type Musical Release
7. Pablo Picasso, also known as Paulo Picasso, Picasso (fb:m.02nwkwh): Picasso is a fictional character in the 1978 film The Adventures of Picasso., Pablo Picasso is a fictional character in the 2011 film Midnight in Paris, Pablo Picasso is a fictional character in the 2012 film The Picasso Gang., The representation in fiction of the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso., has type Film character
8. Picasso, also known as Picasso at Bellagio (fb:m.0p3k0f7): Picasso is a two Michelin star restaurant run by chef Julian Ser...idered to be one of the finest restaurants in the United States., Picasso at Bellagio is a 2011 JBF Awards nominated restaurant in Las Vegas., has type Award-Winning Work
9. Picasso (fb:m.010_1tky): has type Consumer product
10. Picasso (fb:m.0fjfgf1): has type Musical Release

[Assistant] The entity for Pablo Picasso is fb:m.060_7. Now, I will search for properties related to places where he lived. I will search for properties of the entity fb:m.060_7 with a query related to "live" or "residence".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
4. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
7. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
8. Daylife Topic (fb:common.identity.daylife_topic): links to type Enumeration, part of Identity schema
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "live" or "residence" for Picasso did not return any direct properties indicating places where he lived. I will try searching for properties related to "residence" or "location" more generally for Picasso.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
3. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
4. Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): links to type Place lived, part of Person schema
5. Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
6. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
7. Place of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial): links to type Place of interment, part of Deceased Person schema
8. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
9. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
10. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Places lived" (fb:people.person.places_lived) for Picasso that likely indicates where he lived. I will query for the places Picasso lived using this property.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| place        | placeLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.04yt_9c |            |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj |            |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 |            |

[Assistant] Picasso lived in three places according to the query results, but the places do not have English labels. I will query the labels of these places separately to identify them.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The places where Picasso lived do not have English labels in the knowledge graph. I will try to get some other properties or descriptions of these places to identify them. I will query for any description or name of these places.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| place        | name | description |
| ------------ | ---- | ----------- |
| fb:m.04yt_9c |      |             |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj |      |             |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 |      |             |

[Assistant] The places where Picasso lived do not have names or descriptions in the knowledge graph either. I will try to find the types of these places to see if that gives any clue about them.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| place        | type                                |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |

[Assistant] The places where Picasso lived are of type "Place lived" (fb:people.place_lived). I will now try to find properties of these "Place lived" entities to get more information about them.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                  | object                              |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | Type (fb:type.object.type)                | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | Location (fb:people.place_lived.location) | Málaga (fb:m.01978d)                |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | Person (fb:people.place_lived.person)     | Pablo Picasso (fb:m.060_7)          |
| fb:m.04yt_9c | rdf:type                                  | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |

[Assistant] The place fb:m.04yt_9c corresponds to Málaga (fb:m.01978d). I will check the other two places similarly.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                  | object                              |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | Type (fb:type.object.type)                | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | Location (fb:people.place_lived.location) | France (fb:m.0f8l9c)                |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | Person (fb:people.place_lived.person)     | Pablo Picasso (fb:m.060_7)          |
| fb:m.0jw3bpj | rdf:type                                  | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                  | object                              |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | Type (fb:type.object.type)                | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | Location (fb:people.place_lived.location) | Madrid (fb:m.056_y)                 |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | Person (fb:people.place_lived.person)     | Pablo Picasso (fb:m.060_7)          |
| fb:m.0wfdzk8 | rdf:type                                  | Place lived (fb:people.place_lived) |

[Assistant]
The three places where Picasso lived are Málaga (fb:m.01978d), France (fb:m.0f8l9c), and Madrid (fb:m.056_y).

I will now finalize the SPARQL query to return these places where Picasso lived along with their labels if available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the places where Pablo Picasso lived by using the properties 'places_lived' and 'location'. It returns the identifiers and English labels of the places, which include Málaga, France, and Madrid. The answer is accurate and complete based on the Freebase knowledge graph. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.06q1r ( fb:location.country.languages_spoken | fb:location.country.official_language ) ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| British English (fb:m.01bvf)    | British English (en)  |
| Scottish English (fb:m.01v58_)  | Scottish English (en) |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en) |
| Old English (fb:m.05p2d)        | Old English (en)      |
| Scottish Gaelic (fb:m.070zw)    | Scottish Gaelic (en)  |
| Scots Language (fb:m.0h407)     | Scots Language (en)   |

The languages spoken in Scotland include British English, Scottish English, English Language, Old English, Scottish Gaelic, and Scots Language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language they speak in scotland?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what wars have france been involved in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f8l9c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f8l9c fb:military.military_combatant.casualties ?y .
  ?y fb:military.casualties.military_conflict ?x .
}

Using entities:
France, also known as French Republic, République française, l'Hexagone (fb:m.0f8l9c): France, officially the French Republic, is a sovereign state com...g and paving the way for a future centralized absolute monarchy., has type Country

Using properties:
Military Conflict (fb:military.casualties.military_conflict): links to type Military Conflict, part of Casualties schema
Casualties (fb:military.military_combatant.casualties): part of Military Combatant schema, links to type Casualties

Example 2:
Question:
what time zone in the uk?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.location.time_zones ?x .
}

Using entities:
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Time zone(s) (fb:location.location.time_zones): links to type Time Zone, part of Location schema

Example 3:
Question:
what language does egyptians use?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.025tvhm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.025tvhm fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egyptians (fb:m.025tvhm): Egyptians are an ethnic group and the citizens of Egypt sharing ...c, is the most recent stage of the indigenous Egyptian language., has type Ethnicity

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Ethnicity schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, it seems that to find the language spoken in a country, we need to find the entity for the country (in this case Scotland) and then find a property related to languages spoken. The example for Egypt uses the property fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken for an ethnicity, but since Scotland is a country, we might need to find a similar property for countries or locations.

Next, I will search for the entity "Scotland" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Scotland, also known as Scotia (fb:m.06q1r): Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and cov...tate in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707., has type Country
2. Scotland, also known as Scotland, South Dakota, Bon Homme County / Scotland city (fb:m.0_p4w): Scotland is a city in Bon Homme County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 841., has type City/Town/Village
3. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Texas (fb:m.013lsc): Scotland is a city in Archer County in the U.S. state of Texas. ...structed in 1911, it was a residence for Roman Catholic priests., has type City/Town/Village
4. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Georgia (fb:m.0rzb7): Scotland is a city in Telfair and Wheeler counties in the U.S. s... of Georgia. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 300., has type City/Town/Village
5. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Connecticut, Scott-Mason-Taylor House (fb:m.0rg8z): Scotland is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, in the United...minantly rural town, with agriculture as the principal industry., has type City/Town/Village
6. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Virginia (fb:m.08wc1f): Scotland is a census-designated place in Surry County, Virginia,...ion Site are listed on the National Register of Historic Places., has type City/Town/Village
7. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Indiana (fb:m.03hjf_t): Scotland is an unincorporated census-designated place in Taylor Township, Greene County, Indiana., has type City/Town/Village
8. Scotland, also known as Scotland, Arkansas (fb:m.07ncmv): Scotland is an unincorporated community in southwestern Van Bure... tornado struck this community which resulted in extreme damage., has type City/Town/Village
9. Government of Scotland, also known as Scotland (fb:m.094rtl): has type Government
10. Scotland (fb:m.0zf597): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for Scotland as a country is fb:m.06q1r. Now I will search for properties related to languages spoken for this entity. I will try searching for properties with the query "language" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Country (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.country): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Location
6. Country (fb:location.administrative_division.country): part of Administrative Division schema, links to type Country
7. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
9. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
10. Food (fb:base.localfood.regional_food_source.food): part of Regional food source schema, links to type Regional food

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are two relevant properties for languages spoken in Scotland as a country:
1. fb:location.country.languages_spoken
2. fb:location.country.official_language

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the languages spoken in Scotland using these properties.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel         |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| British English (fb:m.01bvf)    | British English (en)  |
| Scottish English (fb:m.01v58_)  | Scottish English (en) |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en) |
| Old English (fb:m.05p2d)        | Old English (en)      |
| Scottish Gaelic (fb:m.070zw)    | Scottish Gaelic (en)  |
| Scots Language (fb:m.0h407)     | Scots Language (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in Scotland by using both the languages_spoken and official_language properties. The query returns the identifiers and English labels of the languages, which is appropriate. The answer lists all relevant languages found in the query result, including British English, Scottish English, English Language, Old English, Scottish Gaelic, and Scots Language. The output is complete, accurate, and follows the rules for SPARQL queries. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?championship ?championshipLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0j6tr fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?championship .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?championship rdfs:label ?championshipLabel FILTER ( lang( ?championshipLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?championshipLabel )
LIMIT 1

The last time the Toronto Maple Leafs were in the Stanley Cup Finals was in 1967.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when was the last time the toronto maple leafs were in the stanley cup finals?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what did egyptians speak?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.025tvhm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.025tvhm fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egyptians (fb:m.025tvhm): Egyptians are an ethnic group and the citizens of Egypt sharing ...c, is the most recent stage of the indigenous Egyptian language., has type Ethnicity

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Ethnicity schema

Example 2:
Question:
what is molly ringwald in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01wq0_s ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01wq0_s fb:tv.tv_actor.starring_roles ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series ?x .
}

Using entities:
Molly Ringwald, also known as Molly Kathleen Ringwald (fb:m.01wq0_s): Molly Kathleen Ringwald is an American actress, singer, dancer, ...ger and released her debut album Except Sometimes in early 2013., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Program
Starring TV roles (fb:tv.tv_actor.starring_roles): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Actor schema

Example 3:
Question:
where does the band metallica live?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04rcr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04rcr fb:music.artist.origin ?x .
}

Using entities:
Metallica, also known as 메탈리카, メタリカ, 金属乐队 (fb:m.04rcr): Metallica is an American heavy metal band formed in Los Angeles,...as one of the most influential and heaviest thrash metal albums., has type Musical Group

Using properties:
Place Musical Career Began (fb:music.artist.origin): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Location

[Assistant] I will now search for the entity "Toronto Maple Leafs" in the knowledge graph to get its identifier. Then I will look for properties related to "Stanley Cup Finals" or "Stanley Cup" to find the relevant information about the last time the Toronto Maple Leafs were in the Stanley Cup Finals.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Toronto Maple Leafs, also known as The Leafs, (fb:m.0j6tr): The Toronto Maple Leafs is a professional ice hockey team based ...ought between championships is currently the longest in the NHL., has type Professional Sports Team
2. Toronto Maple Leafs, also known as Intercounty Leafs, Intercounty Maple Leafs (fb:m.0616j5): The Toronto Maple Leafs are an independent, minor league basebal...isambiguate themselves from the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team., has type Baseball Team
3. Toronto Maple Leafs (fb:m.07wzr_): The Toronto Maple Leafs were a high-level minor league baseball ... Toronto Blue Jays via the 1977 Major League Baseball expansion., has type Professional Sports Team
4. Toronto Maple Leafs (fb:m.010hqgg0): The Toronto Maple Leafs were a professional box lacrosse team in...box lacrosse until the arrival of the Toronto Tomahawks in 1974.
5. The Toronto Maple Leafs (fb:m.06ks7fr): has type Book
6. Toronto Maple Leafs seasons (fb:m.08sq6sm)
7. Toronto Maple Leafs records (fb:m.09gqr8n)
8. 2007–08 Toronto Maple Leafs season (fb:m.03gr8qw): The 2007–08 Toronto Maple Leafs season began October 4, 2007. It...astern Conference at the 2008 All-Star Game in Atlanta, Georgia.
9. 2009–10 Toronto Maple Leafs season (fb:m.0bm9hz2): The 2009–10 Toronto Maple Leafs season is the franchise's 93rd, ...franchise history by recording no wins in the first eight games., has type Person
10. 2012–13 Toronto Maple Leafs season (fb:m.0j_3x55): The 2012–13 Toronto Maple Leafs season was the 96th season for t...ll non-divisional eastern conference opponents three times each.

[Assistant] The Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team is identified as fb:m.0j6tr. Next, I will search for properties related to "Stanley Cup Finals" or "Stanley Cup" to find relevant information about the last time the Toronto Maple Leafs were in the Stanley Cup Finals.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. NHL Team (fb:user.rcheramy.default_domain.nhl_draft_pick.nhl_team): part of NHL Draft Pick schema, links to type Hockey Team
2. hockey team (fb:user.spencermountain.default_domain.testcvt.hockey_team): links to type Ice hockey team, part of testcvt schema
3. Hockey Team (fb:user.rcheramy.default_domain.hockey_player.hockey_team): part of Hockey Player schema, links to type Hockey Team
4. Championships Series (fb:base.athletics.athletics_area.championships): links to type Athletics Championships Series, part of Athletics Area schema
5. Second round game one (fb:base.x2010fifaworldcupsouthafrica.world_cup_play_off.second_round_game_one): part of World cup play off schema, links to type Play off results
6. Games In Series (fb:cvg.game_series.games_in_series): part of Video Game Series schema, links to type Video game
7. Games in series (fb:user.pak21.default_domain.game_series.games_in_series): links to type Part of game series, part of Game series schema
8. Championship (fb:sports.sports_league_season.championship): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports League Season schema
9. Championship (fb:user.rcheramy.default_domain.hockey_season.championship1): links to type Hockey Championship, part of Hockey Season schema
10. Championship (fb:sports.sports_league.championship): links to type Sports League Championship, part of Sports Association schema

[Assistant] I found several properties related to championships and series but none explicitly named "Stanley Cup Finals." The most relevant property seems to be "Championship" (fb:sports.sports_league_season.championship) which links to a Sports League Championship Event. I will now check if the Toronto Maple Leafs have any championship events linked to them using this property or similar ones.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
2. Sport (fb:sports.sports_team.sport): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Sport
3. Venue (fb:sports.sports_team.venue): links to type Team/venue relationship, part of Sports Team schema
4. Arena (fb:user.rcheramy.default_domain.hockey_team.arena): links to type Building complex, part of Hockey Team schema
5. Sports Team Location (fb:sports.sports_team.location): links to type Sports Team Location, part of Sports Team schema
6. Conference (fb:ice_hockey.hockey_team.conference): links to type Ice hockey conference, part of Ice hockey team schema
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Arena/Stadium (fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium): links to type Sports Facility, part of Sports Team schema
9. Roster (fb:sports.sports_team.roster): links to type Sports team roster, part of Sports Team schema
10. Coach (fb:ice_hockey.hockey_team.coach): links to type Ice hockey coach, part of Ice hockey team schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Championships" (fb:sports.sports_team.championships) seems to be the most relevant for linking the Toronto Maple Leafs to championship events. I will now query for the championships of the Toronto Maple Leafs and check if any of these are Stanley Cup Finals or related to the Stanley Cup.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| championship                           | championshipLabel            |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| 1967 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03by199) | 1967 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1964 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03by19p) | 1964 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1963 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.02d0905) | 1963 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1962 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03cb8gz) | 1962 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1951 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03cjdxg) | 1951 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1949 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.02d0888) | 1949 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1948 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03cjpsk) | 1948 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1947 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.03cjpsx) | 1947 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1945 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.02d091w) | 1945 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |
| 1942 Stanley Cup Finals (fb:m.02d08_f) | 1942 Stanley Cup Finals (en) |

[Assistant] The Toronto Maple Leafs were in the Stanley Cup Finals multiple times, with the most recent being the "1967 Stanley Cup Finals." I will now finalize the answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified the last time the Toronto Maple Leafs were in the Stanley Cup Finals as 1967. The SPARQL query retrieves the championships associated with the team and orders them by label descending, limiting to the most recent one. The result matches the known historical fact. The query and answer are accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?team ?teamLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0dr5g9 fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?team .
  ?team rdfs:label ?teamLabel .
  FILTER ( lang( ?teamLabel ) = 'en' ) ?team fb:type.object.type fb:sports.sports_team .
}

Troy Aikman played football for the Dallas Cowboys.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did troy aikman play football?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what continent is syria located in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06vbd ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06vbd fb:base.locations.countries.continent ?x .
}

Using entities:
Syria, also known as Syrian Arab Republic (fb:m.06vbd): Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West...rab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman-ruled Arab Levant., has type Country

Using properties:
Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

Example 2:
Question:
what 3 countries does mexico border?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0b90_r ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0b90_r fb:location.location.adjoin_s ?y .
  ?y fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
Mexico, also known as Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Méjico, México, United Mexican States (fb:m.0b90_r): Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal repub...htitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Adjoins (fb:location.adjoining_relationship.adjoins): part of Adjoining Relationship schema, links to type Location
Adjoins (fb:location.location.adjoin_s): links to type Adjoining Relationship, part of Location schema

Example 3:
Question:
what movies did matt bomer play in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03pmk3 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03pmk3 fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film ?x .
}

Using entities:
Matt Bomer, also known as Matthew Staton Bomer, Matthew S. Bomer (fb:m.03pmk3): Matthew Staton "Matt" Bomer is an American actor. He made his te...ed to the publicist Simon Halls with whom he has three children., has type TV Actor

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

[Assistant]
The question is "Where did Troy Aikman play football?" We want to find the football team(s) or club(s) where Troy Aikman played.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Troy Aikman" in Freebase to get his identifier.
Step 2: Search for properties related to football or teams for the entity "Troy Aikman."
Step 3: Build a SPARQL query to get the football teams or clubs where Troy Aikman played.

I will start by searching for the entity "Troy Aikman" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Troy Aikman, also known as Roy, The Godfather, Troy Kenneth Aikman (fb:m.0dr5g9): Troy Kenneth Aikman is a former American football quarterback wh...ack Roger Staubach, and is a part-owner of the San Diego Padres., has type American football player
2. Troy Aikman (fb:m.02gxnjb)
3. Troy Aikman (fb:m.0kjvty5): has type Artwork
4. Troy Aikman NFL Football (fb:m.0cgc84): Troy Aikman NFL Football is a multiplatform American football vi...ke in a game, followed by Emmitt Smith in Emmitt Smith Football., has type Video game
5. D.C. Calls Troy Aikman (fb:m.0s3j0k): has type Musical Recording
6. Troy Aikman Prepacked Display (fb:m.06rl5ly): has type Book
7. Troy Aikman NFL Football (fb:m.02hmbj5): has type Video Game Version
8. Troy Aikman NFL Football (fb:m.02hmcz9): has type Video Game Version
9. Troy Aikman NFL Football (fb:m.02hmljr): has type Video Game Version
10. D.C. Calls Troy Aikman (fb:m.0ksvkyq)

[Assistant] The entity "Troy Aikman" as an American football player is identified as fb:m.0dr5g9. Next, I will search for properties related to football teams or clubs for this entity to find where he played football. I will search for properties with keywords like "team" or "club" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema
4. Awards (fb:sports.sports_award_winner.awards): part of Sports League Award Winner schema, links to type Sports League Award
5. Position(s) (fb:american_football.football_player.position_s): part of American football player schema, links to type Sports position
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
8. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
9. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Teams" (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams) seems to be the most relevant to find the teams where Troy Aikman played football. I will now build a SPARQL query to retrieve the teams associated with Troy Aikman using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| team         | teamLabel |
| ------------ | --------- |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm |           |

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                                            |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Sports team roster (fb:sports.sports_team_roster) |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | Player (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.player)     | Troy Aikman (fb:m.0dr5g9)                         |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | Position (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.position) | Quarterback (fb:m.06b1q)                          |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team)         | Dallas Cowboys (fb:m.02896)                       |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from)         | 1989 (xsd:gYear)                                  |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to)             | 2000 (xsd:gYear)                                  |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | Number (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.number)     | 8                                                 |
| fb:m.0hpxsvm | rdf:type                                         | Sports team roster (fb:sports.sports_team_roster) |

[Assistant] Troy Aikman played football for the Dallas Cowboys from 1989 to 2000 as a quarterback. I will now provide the final answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer is correct that Troy Aikman played football for the Dallas Cowboys. However, the SPARQL query is unnecessarily complex and contains redundant triple patterns. Specifically, the query first links Troy Aikman to teams via fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams, then tries to get a team entity and filters it to Dallas Cowboys. This is redundant because the team linked to the athlete should directly be the Dallas Cowboys entity. Also, the query returns both the team IRI and label, but the label retrieval is done in a complicated way. A simpler query would directly get the teams Troy Aikman played for and optionally get their labels using rdfs:label with a language filter. This would be more straightforward and maintain compliance with the rules. Therefore, the output is sensible but the SPARQL query should be refined for clarity and efficiency.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the team for which Troy Aikman played football, which is the Dallas Cowboys. However, the label for the team is missing in the query result, which reduces the readability of the answer. To improve, ensure that the team label is properly retrieved and displayed by verifying the label property and language filter. Also, consider adding a more explicit filter or check to confirm the team is a football team if the knowledge graph contains multiple sports teams. Overall, the answer is correct but the query can be refined to include the team label for better clarity.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.01s21dg fb:music.artist.genre ?genre .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?genreLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                          | genreLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Indie rock (fb:m.01243b)       | Indie rock (en)       |
| Blues (fb:m.0155w)             | Blues (en)            |
| Alternative rock (fb:m.016clz) | Alternative rock (en) |
| Folk rock (fb:m.016jny)        | Folk rock (en)        |
| Country (fb:m.01lyv)           | Country (en)          |
| ...                            | ...                   |
| Pop music (fb:m.064t9)         | Pop music (en)        |
| Rock music (fb:m.06by7)        | Rock music (en)       |
| Acoustic music (fb:m.09qxq7)   | Acoustic music (en)   |
| Soul music (fb:m.0gywn)        | Soul music (en)       |
| Country rock (fb:m.0mhfr)      | Country rock (en)     |

John Mayer plays music in various styles including Indie rock, Blues, Alternative rock, Folk rock, Country, Pop music, Rock music, Acoustic music, Soul music, and Country rock.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what style of music does john mayer play?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who inspired antonio vivaldi?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0pth ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0pth fb:influence.influence_node.influenced ?x .
}

Using entities:
Antonio Vivaldi, also known as 비발디, Antonio Lucio Vivaldi , Vivaldi, The Red Priest, Prete rosso (fb:m.0pth): Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was an Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso ...val, and Vivaldi himself died less than a year later in poverty., has type Composer

Using properties:
Influenced (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node

Example 2:
Question:
who did howie long married?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04jg88 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04jg88 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Howie Long, also known as Howard Michael Long, Howard Matthew Moses Long, HHoward "Howie" Matthew Moses Long (fb:m.04jg88): Howard Matthew Moses "Howie" Long is an American former National...urrently a studio analyst for Fox Sports Networks' NFL coverage., has type American football player
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who did elton john marry first?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01vrz41 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01vrz41 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.from ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Elton John, also known as The Rocket Man, Sir Elton John CBE, Sir Elton John, Sir Elton Hercules John CBE, Sir Elton Hercules John (fb:m.01vrz41): Sir Elton Hercules John CBE is an English songwriter and singer,...o play piano at an early age, and by 1962 had formed Bluesology., has type Celebrity
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice

Using properties:
From (fb:people.marriage.from): links to type Date/Time, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

[Assistant] From the examples, it seems we need to find the entity for "John Mayer" and then find a property related to "style of music" or "music genre" he plays. Let's first search for the entity "John Mayer" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John Mayer, also known as John Clayton Mayer, Mayer, John (fb:m.01s21dg): John Clayton Mayer is an American singer-songwriter and producer...h blues artists such as B. B. King, Buddy Guy, and Eric Clapton., has type Musical Artist
2. John Mayer (fb:m.0gw_37): John Mayer was an Indian composer known primarily for his fusion...Mayer's son Jonathan Mayer on sitar -- until John Mayer's death., has type Composer
3. John Mayer (fb:m.06wfpsr)
4. John D. Mayer, also known as John Mayer (fb:m.045rsx): John D. Mayer is a psychologist at the University of New Hampshi...ity of Michigan, his Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University., has type Academic
5. John Mayer (fb:m.05vrzgy): has type Author
6. John H. Mayer, also known as John Mayer, John Mayers (fb:m.0hh0kf4): John H. Mayer is an actor., has type TV Actor
7. John Mayer (fb:m.0135_drp): has type Musical Release
8. John Mayer, also known as John Mayer, the final six contes...n \"So You Think You Can Dance\" (fb:m.0j9421p): John Mayer performs; a performance by the top six contestants from ``So You Think You Can Dance.'', has type TV Episode
9. John Mayer (fb:m.06z1vm7): Although John Mayer has performed on the Austin City Limits' stage before, he's never been here with this degree of success., has type TV Episode
10. John Mayer (fb:m.01351_wb): has type Musical Album

[Assistant] The most relevant entity for John Mayer as a musical artist is fb:m.01s21dg. Next, I will search for properties related to music style or genre for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Musical Genres (fb:music.artist.genre): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Musical genre
2. Songs played (fb:base.saturdaynightlive.snl_musical_guest.musical_performance): links to type SNL musical performance, part of SNL musical guest schema
3. Instruments Played (fb:music.group_member.instruments_played): links to type Musical instrument, part of Musician schema
4. Musical Artist Home Page (fb:music.artist.home_page): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Webpage
5. Guitars Played (fb:music.guitarist.guitars_played): part of Guitarist schema, links to type Guitar
6. Lyrics Written (fb:music.lyricist.lyrics_written): links to type Composition, part of Lyricist schema
7. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
8. Albums (fb:music.featured_artist.albums): part of Featured artist schema, links to type Musical Album
9. Albums (fb:music.artist.album): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Musical Album
10. Concert Tours (fb:music.artist.concert_tours): part of Musical Artist schema, links to type Concert tour

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Musical Genres" (fb:music.artist.genre) seems to be the most relevant to the style of music John Mayer plays. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the musical genres associated with John Mayer (fb:m.01s21dg).

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                          | genreLabel            |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Indie rock (fb:m.01243b)       | Indie rock (en)       |
| Blues (fb:m.0155w)             | Blues (en)            |
| Alternative rock (fb:m.016clz) | Alternative rock (en) |
| Folk rock (fb:m.016jny)        | Folk rock (en)        |
| Country (fb:m.01lyv)           | Country (en)          |
| ...                            | ...                   |
| Pop music (fb:m.064t9)         | Pop music (en)        |
| Rock music (fb:m.06by7)        | Rock music (en)       |
| Acoustic music (fb:m.09qxq7)   | Acoustic music (en)   |
| Soul music (fb:m.0gywn)        | Soul music (en)       |
| Country rock (fb:m.0mhfr)      | Country rock (en)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the musical genres associated with John Mayer from the Freebase knowledge graph. The query returns the genre identifiers and their English labels, which directly answer the user's question about the style of music John Mayer plays. The answer is comprehensive, listing multiple relevant genres. The query follows best practices by including optional labels with language filtering and returns distinct results. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?formOfGovernment ?formOfGovernmentLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02psqkz fb:location.country.form_of_government ?formOfGovernment .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?formOfGovernment rdfs:label ?formOfGovernmentLabel FILTER ( lang( ?formOfGovernmentLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| formOfGovernment                      | formOfGovernmentLabel         |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Unitary state (fb:m.01fpfn)           | Unitary state (en)            |
| Constitutional monarchy (fb:m.01q20)  | Constitutional monarchy (en)  |
| Representative democracy (fb:m.0drnm) | Representative democracy (en) |

The type of government formed when Italy unified (Kingdom of Italy) was a Unitary state, Constitutional monarchy, and Representative democracy.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of government was formed when italy unified?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is wentworth miller in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06p426 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06p426 fb:tv.tv_actor.starring_roles ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series ?x .
}

Using entities:
Wentworth Miller, also known as Miller, Wentworth Earl Miller III, Wentworth Earl Miller, Went, Ted Foulke (fb:m.06p426): Wentworth Earl Miller III is a British born American actor, mode...le as a series regular in the spin-off DC's Legends of Tomorrow., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Series (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.series): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Program
Starring TV roles (fb:tv.tv_actor.starring_roles): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Actor schema

Example 2:
Question:
who was the wife of king edward vii?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cm03 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cm03 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.gender fb:m.02zsn .
}

Using entities:
Female, also known as Women, Woman, Girl, Gal, Dame (fb:m.02zsn): Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, ...esis). Some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually., Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that...female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes., has type Literature Subject
Edward VII (fb:m.0cm03): Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Domini... and broadened the range of people with whom royalty socialised., has type Monarch

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where is the gobi desert located?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0ff0d ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0ff0d fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Gobi Desert (fb:m.0ff0d): The Gobi is a large desert region in Asia. It covers parts of no...g clouds from the Indian Ocean from reaching the Gobi territory., has type Geographical Feature

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
The question is about the type of government formed when Italy unified. The key entity here is "Italy" and the event "unification of Italy." The property we are interested in is related to the type of government formed after unification.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Italy" in the knowledge graph to get its identifier.
Step 2: Search for properties related to government or political system for Italy or the unification event.
Step 3: Formulate a query to find the type of government formed after the unification of Italy.

I will start by searching for the entity "Italy."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Italy, also known as Italia, Italian Republic (fb:m.03rjj): Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamenta...uch as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli., has type Country
2. Italy, also known as Italy, Texas, Ellis County / Italy town (fb:m.0100v5): Italy is a town in Ellis County, Texas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town has a total population of 1,863., has type City/Town/Village
3. Italy, also known as Italy, New York (fb:m.0ycqz): Italy is a town located in Yates County, New York, United States...he southwestern part of the county and is south of Canandaigua ., has type City/Town/Village
4. Italy (fb:m.0fqgrp): The Italy Pavilion is a part of the World Showcase within Epcot ...ion is between the Germany and The American Adventure pavilions., has type Location
5. Italy (fb:m.0g21mhh): has type Musical Release
6. Italy (fb:m.0qg319): has type Musical Recording
7. Italy (fb:m.0394f8_): has type Musical Release
8. Italy (fb:m.0_d_6gh): has type Musical Release
9. Italy (fb:m.0c846y0): has type Book Edition
10. Italy (fb:m.0c7jkdk): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for Italy as a country is fb:m.03rjj. Next, I will search for properties related to government or political system for Italy (fb:m.03rjj) to find relevant properties that might describe the type of government formed.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
2. Government bodies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_bodies): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Governmental Body
3. Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema
4. Government positions (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government_positions): links to type Government Office or Title, part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema
5. Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held
6. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
7. Agencies (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.agencies): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Agency
8. Administrative Divisions (fb:location.country.administrative_divisions): links to type Administrative Division, part of Country schema
9. Courts (fb:law.court_jurisdiction_area.courts): part of Court jurisdiction area schema, links to type Court
10. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Form of Government" (fb:location.country.form_of_government) seems to be the most relevant to find the type of government formed in Italy. Now I will query the form of government for Italy (fb:m.03rjj). However, since the question specifically asks about the government formed when Italy unified, I will check if there is any historical event or time-specific data related to the unification of Italy and its government form. I will first check if there is an entity for the unification of Italy.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Unification of Italy: (fb:m.0923zss): has type Book Edition
2. The unification of Italy (fb:m.06nbph8): has type Book
3. The unification of Italy (fb:m.0c9gtxw): has type Book Edition
4. The unification of Italy, 1859-1861 (fb:m.06mkfc6): has type Book
5. Rome and the unification of Italy (fb:m.0c5x33b): has type Book Edition
6. Rome and the unification of Italy (fb:m.06flhmx): has type Book
7. Cavour and the unification of Italy (fb:m.06v3557): has type Book
8. Garibaldi and the unification of Italy (fb:m.06hxpd1): has type Book
9. The Risorgimento and the unification of Italy (fb:m.09x6_1l): has type Book Edition
10. The Risorgimento and the unification of Italy (fb:m.0c8bb5c): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The search results show entities mostly related to books about the unification of Italy, but no direct historical event entity for the unification itself. Given this, I will proceed by querying the form of government for Italy (fb:m.03rjj) directly, as it is likely that the form of government property will reflect the government formed after unification (which is historically the Kingdom of Italy transitioning to the Italian Republic). I will query the form of government for Italy.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| formOfGovernment                      | formOfGovernmentLabel        |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Unitary state (fb:m.01fpfn)           | Unitary state (en)           |
| Constitutional republic (fb:m.0c9rw5) | Constitutional republic (en) |
| Parliamentary republic (fb:m.0glnsx)  | Parliamentary republic (en)  |

[Assistant]
The form of government for Italy includes "Unitary state," "Constitutional republic," and "Parliamentary republic." Historically, when Italy unified in the 19th century, it formed a Kingdom of Italy, which was a constitutional monarchy, and later transitioned to a republic.

To specifically address the government formed at unification, I will check if there is information about the government type of Italy around the time of unification (Kingdom of Italy). I will search for "Kingdom of Italy" as an entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.02psqkz): The Kingdom of Italy was a state founded in 1861 when King Victo...70, ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power., has type Country
2. Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.05jt5h): The Kingdom of Italy was a French client state founded in Northe...ugène de Beauharnais, who served as Viceroy for his step-father., has type Country
3. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Regnum Italiae (fb:m.0fk93f): The Kingdom of Italy was one of the constituent kingdoms of the ... aristocratic families from both within and without the kingdom., has type Location
4. Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.012njfwv)
5. Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.02psqrt): has type Location
6. Kingdom of the Lombards, also known as Lombard Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.047glq0): The Kingdom of the Lombards, later the Kingdom of Italy, was an ...he Lombardic language, dress and hairstyles had all disappeared., has type Country
7. History of the Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.01194f0n): This articles covers the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars.
8. Soldiers of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.0c3796z): has type Book
9. Baron of the Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.06z4rmf): has type Award category
10. Penal code of the Kingdom of Italy (fb:m.06hb_7j): has type Book

[Assistant] The entity "Kingdom of Italy" (fb:m.02psqkz) corresponds to the state founded in 1861 when Italy unified. I will now check the form of government for this entity to find the type of government formed at the time of unification.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| formOfGovernment                      | formOfGovernmentLabel         |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Unitary state (fb:m.01fpfn)           | Unitary state (en)            |
| Constitutional monarchy (fb:m.01q20)  | Constitutional monarchy (en)  |
| Representative democracy (fb:m.0drnm) | Representative democracy (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the types of government formed when Italy unified, specifically for the Kingdom of Italy entity. It returns the expected results: Unitary state, Constitutional monarchy, and Representative democracy, along with their English labels. The query follows the rules by returning identifiers and labels optionally, and the answer is accurate and complete based on the knowledge graph data. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?child ?childName ?placeOfBirthName ?countryOfNationalityName WHERE {
  VALUES ?child {
    fb:m.0ggl36p fb:m.0j5dh53 fb:m.0j5dj1w fb:m.0j5dj25 fb:m.0j5dj2h fb:m.0p18q84 fb:m.0p18qj6
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?child fb:type.object.name ?childName .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?child fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
    ?placeOfBirth fb:type.object.name ?placeOfBirthName .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?child fb:people.person.nationality ?countryOfNationality .
    ?countryOfNationality fb:type.object.name ?countryOfNationalityName .
  }
}

Got 15,226 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| child                              | childName                | placeOfBirthName  | countryOfNationalityName         |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)       | Ronnie Turner (en)       | Los Andželas (lt) | Ameerika Ühendriigid (et)        |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)       | Ronnie Turner (en)       | Los Andželas (lt) | Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (tr) |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)       | Ronnie Turner (en)       | Los Andželas (lt) | Amerikai Egyesült Államok (hu)   |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)       | Ronnie Turner (en)       | Los Andželas (lt) | Amerika Serikat (id)             |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)       | Ronnie Turner (en)       | Los Andželas (lt) | Amerikas Savienotās Valstis (lv) |
| ...                                | ...                      | ...               | ...                              |
| Michael Turner (fb:m.0j5dj2h)      | Michael Turner (en)      | 美國 (zh-Hant)      | アメリカ合衆国 (ja)                     |
| Michael Turner (fb:m.0j5dj2h)      | Michael Turner (en)      | 美國 (zh-Hant)      | 美国 (zh)                          |
| Michael Turner (fb:m.0j5dj2h)      | Michael Turner (en)      | 美國 (zh-Hant)      | 美國 (zh-Hant)                     |
| Linda Trippeter (fb:m.0p18q84)     | Linda Trippeter (en)     |                   |                                  |
| Twanna Turner Melby (fb:m.0p18qj6) | Twanna Turner Melby (en) |                   |                                  |

The children of Ike Turner and Tina Turner are Ronnie Turner, Raymond Craig Turner, Ike Turner Jr, Mia Turner, Michael Turner, Linda Trippeter, and Twanna Turner Melby. Their places of birth and countries of nationality are as follows: Ronnie Turner was born in Los Angeles, United States of America; Raymond Craig Turner, Ike Turner Jr, Mia Turner, and Michael Turner were born in the United States of America; Linda Trippeter and Twanna Turner Melby have no place of birth or country of nationality information available in the knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where are ike and tina turner's children?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what county is bradenton fl located in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0rmwd ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0rmwd fb:location.hud_county_place.county ?x .
}

Using entities:
Bradenton, also known as Bradenton, Florida, Manatee County / Bradenton city (fb:m.0rmwd): Bradenton /ˈbreɪdəntən/ BRAY-den-ton is a city in Manatee County...d a 2007 estimated population of 682,833. It is the county seat., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
County (fb:location.hud_county_place.county): part of HUD County Place schema, links to type US County

Example 2:
Question:
who does jodelle ferland play in eclipse?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.075wx7_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.075wx7_ fb:film.film.starring ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.character ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.actor fb:m.09jv8w .
}

Using entities:
Eclipse, also known as The Twilight Saga: Eclipse - The IMAX Experience, Twilight 3: Eclipse, Twilight 3, Twilight, chapitre III : Hésitation, Twilight: Eclipse (fb:m.075wx7_): Eclipse (marketed as The Twilight Saga: Eclipse and also known a... approaching, Bella has one more decision to make: life or deat., The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, commonly referred to as Eclipse, is ...sed in IMAX. The film has received mixed reception from critics., has type Film
Jodelle Ferland, also known as Jodelle Micha Ferland, Jodelle Micah Ferland, Ferland (fb:m.09jv8w): Jodelle Micah Ferland is a Canadian actress, best known for her ...tal and Bree Tanner in the 2010 film The Twilight Saga: Eclipse., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Performances (fb:film.film.starring): links to type Film performance, part of Film schema
Actor (fb:film.performance.actor): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film actor
Character (fb:film.performance.character): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film character

Example 3:
Question:
where is victoria beckham from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cgfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cgfb fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Victoria Beckham, also known as Victoria Caroline Beckham, Victoria Caroline Adams, Victoria Adams Wood, Victoria Adams, Victoria (fb:m.0cgfb): Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English businesswoman, fashion d...hed an eponymous label in 2008 and a lower-priced label in 2011., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Assistant] I will now search for the entities "Ike Turner" and "Tina Turner" in the freebase knowledge graph to identify their unique identifiers. Then I will look for properties related to their children and the locations of those children.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ike Turner, also known as The Ike and Tina Turner Revue, Lover Boy, Izear Luster Turner Jr., Issac Wister Turner, Ike & Tina Turner (fb:m.0dbzg): Izear Luster Turner Jr., known as Ike Turner, was an American mu...ue, he graduated to larger labels Blue Thumb and United Artists., has type Musical Artist
2. Ike Turner (fb:m.023_bqq): has type Musical Recording
3. Ike Turner (fb:m.0128xp4g): has type Musical Recording
4. Ike Turner (fb:m.0rw2x4): has type Musical Recording
5. Ike Turner (fb:m.0k71r13): The fictional representation of Ike Turner in a musical., has type Theater Character
6. Ike Turner (fb:m.02nw8_x): has type Film character
7. Ike Turner (fb:m.012874sv)
8. Ike Turner (fb:m.0lwsfnb)
9. Ike Turner (fb:m.0k_h2lh)
10. Ike Turner 1958-1959 (fb:m.034h8dz): has type Musical Release

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tina Turner, also known as Queen of Rock, Queen of Rock and Roll, The Ike and Tina Turner Revue, The Ike & Tina Turner Revue, The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll (fb:m.01vwyqp): Anna Mae Bullock, better known by her stage name Tina Turner, is...om Ike Turner, she rebuilt her career through live performances., has type Musical Artist
2. Tina Turner (fb:m.06ys1gc): The legendary R&B singer who fled an abusive marriage and bounce...njoy the greatest success of her career in the 1980s and beyond., has type TV Episode
3. Tina Turner (fb:m.07ldng4): has type TV Episode
4. Tina Turner, also known as Anna Mae Bullock (fb:m.02nw905): Tina Turner is a fictional character from the 2014 film Travelator., The fictional representation of Tina Turner in media., has type Film character
5. Tina Turner (fb:m.06wy7t_): has type TV Episode
6. Tina Turner (fb:m.0x2rbn3): has type Musical Recording
7. Tina Turner (fb:m.012wxvlf): has type Musical Recording
8. Tina Turner (fb:m.0rh6972): has type Musical Recording
9. Tina Turner (fb:m.0twwpt): has type Musical Recording
10. Tina Turner (fb:m.06z16s7): has type TV Episode

[Assistant] I have identified the entities for Ike Turner (fb:m.0dbzg) and Tina Turner (fb:m.01vwyqp). Next, I will search for properties related to children for these entities to find how children are represented in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
2. Siblings (fb:people.person.sibling_s): links to type Sibling Relationship, part of Person schema
3. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
4. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Height (fb:people.person.height_meters): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Person schema
7. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
8. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
9. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musician schema
10. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person
2. Siblings (fb:people.person.sibling_s): links to type Sibling Relationship, part of Person schema
3. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
4. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
5. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
6. Height (fb:people.person.height_meters): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Person schema
7. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
8. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
9. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musician schema

No other items found

[Assistant] Both Ike Turner and Tina Turner have the property "children" (fb:people.person.children) to represent their children. Now I will query the children of Ike Turner and Tina Turner using this property. Then I will try to find the locations of these children.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| child                               | childName                 |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (en)        |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (pl)        |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (ro)        |
| Raymond Craig Turner (fb:m.0j5dh53) | Raymond Craig Turner (en) |
| Raymond Craig Turner (fb:m.0j5dh53) | Raymond Craig Turner (ro) |
| Ike Turner Jr (fb:m.0j5dj1w)        | Ike Turner Jr (en)        |
| Mia Turner (fb:m.0j5dj25)           | Mia Turner (en)           |
| Michael Turner (fb:m.0j5dj2h)       | Michael Turner (en)       |
| Linda Trippeter (fb:m.0p18q84)      | Linda Trippeter (en)      |
| Twanna Turner Melby (fb:m.0p18qj6)  | Twanna Turner Melby (en)  |

[Assistant] I found the children of Ike Turner and Tina Turner: Ronnie Turner, Raymond Craig Turner, Ike Turner Jr, Mia Turner, Michael Turner, Linda Trippeter, and Twanna Turner Melby. Next, I will look for the locations associated with these children. I will start by checking if there is a property related to location or residence for one of these children, for example Ronnie Turner.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
2. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
7. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
8. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
9. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
10. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
3. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
4. Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
5. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
8. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
9. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] For the children of Ike Turner and Tina Turner, the properties related to location that are available are "place of birth" (fb:people.person.place_of_birth) and "country of nationality" (fb:people.person.nationality). I will query these properties for the children to find where they are.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| child                               | childName                 | placeOfBirth                           | countryOfNationality                   |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (en)        | Los Angeles (fb:m.030qb3t)             | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (pl)        | Los Angeles (fb:m.030qb3t)             | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Ronnie Turner (fb:m.0ggl36p)        | Ronnie Turner (ro)        | Los Angeles (fb:m.030qb3t)             | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Raymond Craig Turner (fb:m.0j5dh53) | Raymond Craig Turner (en) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Raymond Craig Turner (fb:m.0j5dh53) | Raymond Craig Turner (ro) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Ike Turner Jr (fb:m.0j5dj1w)        | Ike Turner Jr (en)        | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Mia Turner (fb:m.0j5dj25)           | Mia Turner (en)           | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Michael Turner (fb:m.0j5dj2h)       | Michael Turner (en)       | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) |
| Linda Trippeter (fb:m.0p18q84)      | Linda Trippeter (en)      |                                        |                                        |
| Twanna Turner Melby (fb:m.0p18qj6)  | Twanna Turner Melby (en)  |                                        |                                        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified the children of Ike Turner and Tina Turner and retrieved their places of birth and countries of nationality where available. The SPARQL query is well-formed and returns the IRIs of the children along with optional labels for names, places of birth, and countries of nationality, which is appropriate. The answer clearly states the children and the available location information. The only minor note is that the query returns multiple language labels for the same place and country, which is expected given the data, but this does not affect the correctness of the answer. Overall, the output is correct and complete.