PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.034bs fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?causeOfDeath .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?causeOfDeathLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath              | causeOfDeathLabel |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Tuberculosis (fb:m.07jwr) | Tuberculosis (en) |

George Orwell died of Tuberculosis.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did george orwell died of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is gilbert gottfried snl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02y0yt ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02y0yt fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Gilbert Gottfried, also known as America's Creepy Uncle (fb:m.02y0yt): Gilbert Gottfried is an American stand-up comedian, actor and vo...a different comedy writer or comedian each week, since May 2014., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where did robbie hummel go to high school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03ygblk ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03ygblk fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hn6 .
}

Using entities:
School, also known as elementary school, middle school, grammar school, high school (fb:m.01y2hn6): A school is an institution that provides education below the ter...r more information, please see the Freebase wiki page on School.
Robbie Hummel, also known as Robert John Hummel (fb:m.03ygblk): Robert John "Robbie" Hummel is an American professional basketba...ket Serie A. He played college basketball for Purdue University., has type Basketball Player

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
what's the egyptian currency?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02k54 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02k54 fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Arab Republic of Egypt (fb:m.02k54): Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinen...ater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that the approach is to first identify the entity (George Orwell) and then find the property related to the cause of death or death information. I will start by searching for the entity "George Orwell" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. George Orwell, also known as Eric Arthur Blair (fb:m.034bs): Eric Arthur Blair, who used the pen name George Orwell, was an E...ht Police, Room 101, Memory hole, doublethink, and thoughtcrime., Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 21 January 1950), better known b...in language.His two most popular works are 1984 and Animal Farm., has type Author
2. George Orwell (fb:m.0b3mv01): has type Book Edition
3. George Orwell (fb:m.08n0rk7): has type Book Edition
4. George Orwell (fb:m.0c5xtp5): has type Book Edition
5. George Orwell (fb:m.04vtrvn): has type Book Edition
6. George Orwell (fb:m.04t4gy2): has type Book
7. George Orwell (fb:m.0c6n17d): has type Book Edition
8. George Orwell (fb:m.04txhhn): has type Book Edition
9. George Orwell (fb:m.079p0vv): has type Book Edition
10. George Orwell (fb:m.079p0vc): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity for George Orwell as the author is fb:m.034bs. Next, I will search for properties related to death or cause of death for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death
2. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
3. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
7. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
8. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
9. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Cause of death" (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death) is the most relevant to answer the question. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the cause of death for George Orwell (fb:m.034bs).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath              | causeOfDeathLabel |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Tuberculosis (fb:m.07jwr) | Tuberculosis (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the cause of death for George Orwell using the appropriate property and entity. The result includes the identifier and the English label for the cause of death, which is Tuberculosis. The answer provided is accurate and complete based on the query result. No further refinement is necessary.


Failed to generate SPARQL query

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what to do in hollywood ca this weekend?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what country does mexico trade with?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0b90_r ) {
    fb:m.0b90_r fb:location.statistical_region.places_exported_to ?y .
    ?y fb:location.imports_and_exports.exported_to ?x .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.0b90_r fb:location.statistical_region.places_imported_from ?y .
    ?y fb:location.imports_and_exports.imported_from ?x .
  }
}

Using entities:
Mexico, also known as Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Méjico, México, United Mexican States (fb:m.0b90_r): Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal repub...htitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain., has type Country

Using properties:
Exported to (fb:location.imports_and_exports.exported_to): part of Imports and exports schema, links to type Statistical region
Imported from (fb:location.imports_and_exports.imported_from): part of Imports and exports schema, links to type Statistical region
Places exported to (fb:location.statistical_region.places_exported_to): links to type Imports and exports, part of Statistical region schema
Places imported from (fb:location.statistical_region.places_imported_from): links to type Imports and exports, part of Statistical region schema

Example 2:
Question:
what county is plainfield il in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0sjdw ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0sjdw fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.0kpym_ .
}

Using entities:
US County, also known as Alaska Borough, County-equivalent Unit, Louisiana Parish (fb:m.0kpym_): A US County is an administrative division smaller than a state. ...independent cities and Washington, DC, won't have a county seat.
Plainfield, also known as Will County / Plainfield village, Plainfield, Illinois (fb:m.0sjdw): Plainfield is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States....unty forest preserve used for birdwatching and other activities., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 3:
Question:
what party did john tyler belong to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.042dk ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.042dk fb:government.politician.party ?y .
  ?y fb:government.political_party_tenure.party ?x .
}

Using entities:
John Tyler (fb:m.042dk): John Tyler was the tenth President of the United States. He was ...olitical party, the Democratic-Republicans, split into factions., has type US President

Using properties:
Party (fb:government.political_party_tenure.party): part of Political Party Tenure schema, links to type Political party
Party (fb:government.politician.party): links to type Political Party Tenure, part of Politician schema

[Assistant] The examples found do not directly relate to events or activities in a location for a specific time like a weekend. I will now try to identify entities related to "Hollywood CA" and properties related to events or activities in that location. First, I will search for the entity "Hollywood CA".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood, CA (fb:m.024vvx0): has type Canonical Version
2. Hollywood, CA (fb:m.0l7kvp8)
3. Hollywood, also known as Hollywood, California, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California (fb:m.0f2wj): Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles...tually becoming the most dominant and recognizable in the world., has type Neighborhood
4. Captain Hollywood, also known as Hollywood, Captain, Tony Dawson-Harrison, Captain Hollywood - More & More (fb:m.03f1vfn): has type Composer
5. Hollywood Canteen (fb:m.0b3klf): Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy fil... cameo roles. The film received three Academy Award nominations., has type Film
6. Hollywood Cavalcade (fb:m.08q3qg2): Hollywood Cavalcade is a 1939 American film featuring Alice Faye...ctionalized look at silent-era performers and their productions., Hollywood Cavalcade is a 1939 film directed by Irving Cummings and Malcolm St. Clair., has type Film
7. Canal Hollywood (fb:m.02w1hcj): Canal Hollywood is a movies cable channel available in Spain and...w cable, satellite or IPTV in Angola, Mozambique and Cape Verde., has type Employer
8. Capri Hollywood Film Festival, also known as Capri, Hollywood (fb:m.0s953m_): Capri Hollywood Film Festival is an international film festival., has type Film festival
9. Hollywood Capers (fb:m.0h3rfqt): Hollywood Capers is a short animated film of the Looney Tunes se...hat have fallen into the public domain. Porky also made a cameo., has type Film
10. Hollywood Canteen (fb:m.0j7711m): The Hollywood Canteen operated at 1451 Cahuenga Boulevard in Hol...taffed completely by volunteers from the entertainment industry., has type Organization

[Assistant] The entity "Hollywood, CA" as a neighborhood in Los Angeles is identified as fb:m.0f2wj. Now I will search for properties related to events or activities in this entity. I will start by searching for properties of the entity Hollywood, CA (fb:m.0f2wj) with a query related to events or activities.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Events (fb:location.location.events): part of Location schema, links to type Event
2. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
7. Country (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.country): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Location
8. Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location
9. Rides (fb:amusement_parks.ride_theme.rides): part of Amusement Ride Theme schema, links to type Amusement Ride
10. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Events" (fb:location.location.events) is related to the entity Hollywood, CA (fb:m.0f2wj). I will now write a SPARQL query to find events in Hollywood, CA. Since the user asked for events "this weekend," I will try to filter events by date if possible. I will first check the structure of events linked to Hollywood, CA to see if they have date properties.

[Tool]
Got 47 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                             | object                                                                   |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2014 HollyShorts Film Festival (fb:m.010c4f41)                           |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2013 HollyShorts Film Festival (fb:m.0wff279)                            |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 11th Primetime Emmy Awards (fb:m.0lv9lv0)                                |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 14th Primetime Emmy Awards (fb:m.0lv9lwf)                                |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 1st Annual TV Land Awards (fb:m.0z9sbfp)                                 |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2nd Annual TV Land Awards (fb:m.0z98x32)                                 |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2014 TCM Classic Film Festival (fb:m.0109lsws)                           |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2013 TCM Classic Film Festival (fb:m.0w35r1_)                            |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | Sunset Strip curfew riots (fb:m.02qg4dw)                                 |
| Hollywood (fb:m.0f2wj) | Events (fb:location.location.events) | 2013 Independent Film Quarterly Film & Webisode Festival (fb:m.0110yy6p) |
| ...                    | ...                                  | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] There are many events linked to Hollywood, CA, but the event names suggest they are from various years and not necessarily upcoming or this weekend. I will now check if these events have date properties to filter for this weekend. I will check the properties of one event, for example, "2014 HollyShorts Film Festival" (fb:m.010c4f41).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema
2. End date (fb:time.event.end_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
4. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
5. Festival (fb:film.film_festival_event.festival): part of Film festival event schema, links to type Film festival
6. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
7. Location(s) (fb:time.event.locations): links to type Location, part of Event schema
8. Instance of recurring event (fb:time.event.instance_of_recurring_event): links to type Recurring event, part of Event schema
9. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant]
The event "2014 HollyShorts Film Festival" has properties "Start date" (fb:time.event.start_date) and "End date" (fb:time.event.end_date). I can use these properties to filter events happening this weekend. I will now write a SPARQL query to find events in Hollywood, CA that have a start date or end date within this weekend. I will use a placeholder for the date range to be replaced with the actual weekend dates.
To proceed, I need to know the exact dates for "this weekend." Could you please provide the date range (start and end dates) for the weekend you are referring to? For example, the upcoming Saturday and Sunday dates.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.07ssc ( fb:location.country.languages_spoken | fb:location.country.official_language ) ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 8 rows and 2 columns:
| language                           | languageLabel              |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Cornish Language (fb:m.01v0g)      | Cornish Language (en)      |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc)    | English Language (en)      |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw)    | Esperanto Language (en)    |
| Irish (fb:m.03x42)                 | Irish (en)                 |
| Scottish Gaelic (fb:m.070zw)       | Scottish Gaelic (en)       |
| Welsh Language (fb:m.083tk)        | Welsh Language (en)        |
| British Sign Language (fb:m.0ct8m) | British Sign Language (en) |
| Scots Language (fb:m.0h407)        | Scots Language (en)        |

The languages spoken in the United Kingdom include English, Cornish, Esperanto, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, British Sign Language, and Scots.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what do people speak in uk?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who did bryce dallas howard play in eclipse?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03kbb8 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03kbb8 fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.character ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film fb:m.075wx7_ .
}

Using entities:
Bryce Dallas Howard, also known as Bry, Dalla Bryce Howard, Bryce Howard (fb:m.03kbb8): Bryce Dallas Howard is an American film actress, writer and dire...ent films include the drama The Help and the comedy-drama 50/50., has type Film actor
Eclipse, also known as The Twilight Saga: Eclipse - The IMAX Experience, Twilight 3: Eclipse, Twilight 3, Twilight, chapitre III : Hésitation, Twilight: Eclipse (fb:m.075wx7_): Eclipse (marketed as The Twilight Saga: Eclipse and also known a... approaching, Bella has one more decision to make: life or deat., The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, commonly referred to as Eclipse, is ...sed in IMAX. The film has received mixed reception from critics., has type Film

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Character (fb:film.performance.character): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film character
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

Example 2:
Question:
where did charles drew go to high school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.018t67 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.018t67 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hn6 .
}

Using entities:
Charles R. Drew, also known as Dr. Charles R. Drew, Charles Richard Drew (fb:m.018t67): Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and med... lacked scientific foundation, an action which cost him his job., has type Physician
School, also known as elementary school, middle school, grammar school, high school (fb:m.01y2hn6): A school is an institution that provides education below the ter...r more information, please see the Freebase wiki page on School.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who does allen iverson play for now 2010?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01sg7_ ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01sg7_ fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2010-12-31" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2010-01-01" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Allen Iverson, also known as Al, The Answer, Ivy, Allen Ezail Iverson, Allen E. Iverson (fb:m.01sg7_): Allen Ezail Iverson is an American retired professional basketba.... He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in the 1996–97 season., has type Basketball Player

Using properties:
Teams (fb:sports.pro_athlete.teams): links to type Sports team roster, part of Athlete schema
From (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.from): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time
Team (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.team): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Sports Team
To (fb:sports.sports_team_roster.to): part of Sports team roster schema, links to type Date/Time

[Assistant]
The question is "what do people speak in UK?" which is asking about the languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "United Kingdom" in Freebase.
Step 2: Identify the property related to languages spoken in a country or region.
Step 3: Construct a SPARQL query to find the languages spoken in the United Kingdom.

I will start by searching for the entity "United Kingdom" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country
2. United Kingdom (fb:m.0g9jnqz)
3. United Kingdom (fb:m.0gb3qxf)
4. United Kingdom (fb:m.0nfkbl): has type Musical Recording
5. United Kingdom (fb:m.0fr7h8): The United Kingdom pavilion is part of the World Showcase within...lorida. Its location is between the France and Canada pavilions., has type Location
6. United Kingdom (fb:m.036hlfh): has type Musical Release
7. United Kingdom (fb:m.02842y0): United Kingdom is the fourth album by American Music Club. It wa...rk Eitzel has composed about his long-term muse, Kathleen Burns., has type Musical Album
8. United Kingdom (fb:m.0wh7br): has type Musical Recording
9. UK, also known as United Kingdom (fb:m.0g0d_ms): Steve and the Deadly 60 team are on their home turf, the UK. The...iant web to demonstrate just what lethal killers spiders can be., has type TV Episode
10. United Kingdom (fb:m.079l6c5): Two men on a local council fight the system when forced with massive spending cuts., has type TV Episode

[Assistant]
The entity for the United Kingdom is fb:m.07ssc which is the country United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Next, I will search for properties related to languages spoken or official languages of this entity. I will search for properties of the United Kingdom entity with the query "language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Subjects (fb:common.topic.subjects): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
6. Titles (fb:media_common.netflix_genre.titles): part of Netflix Genre schema, links to type Netflix Title
7. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
8. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
9. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
10. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are two relevant properties for languages related to the United Kingdom entity:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken)
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language)

I will now construct a SPARQL query to get the languages spoken in the United Kingdom using these properties.

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 2 columns:
| language                           | languageLabel              |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Cornish Language (fb:m.01v0g)      | Cornish Language (en)      |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc)    | English Language (en)      |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw)    | Esperanto Language (en)    |
| Irish (fb:m.03x42)                 | Irish (en)                 |
| Scottish Gaelic (fb:m.070zw)       | Scottish Gaelic (en)       |
| Welsh Language (fb:m.083tk)        | Welsh Language (en)        |
| British Sign Language (fb:m.0ct8m) | British Sign Language (en) |
| Scots Language (fb:m.0h407)        | Scots Language (en)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in the United Kingdom by using both the 'languages_spoken' and 'official_language' properties. The query returns the identifiers and English labels of the languages, which is appropriate. The answer lists all the languages found in the query result, which matches the execution result. The query and answer are complete and accurate for the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?position ?basicTitle ?from ?to WHERE {
  VALUES ?position {
    fb:m.03q2h_9 fb:m.03q2h_j fb:m.04ml2v0 fb:m.0b_p9hl
  }
  ?position fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title ?basicTitle .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?position fb:government.government_position_held.from ?from
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?position fb:government.government_position_held.to ?to
  }
}

Before becoming President, Franklin D Roosevelt held the positions of State Senator (1911-1913), Assistant Secretary (1913-1920), and Governor (1929-1932).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what was franklin d roosevelt's job before president?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is madeira?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04_z1 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04_z1 fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Madeira, also known as Região Autónoma da Madeira (PT), Madeira Islands, Região Autónoma Da Madeira, Regiao Autonoma Da Madeira, Pérola do Atlântico (fb:m.04_z1): Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago located in the north Atlanti...ssified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and embroidery artisans., has type Administrative Division

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what is jessica ennis sport?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0b7nrg ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0b7nrg fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jessica Ennis-Hill, also known as Jessica Ennis (fb:m.0b7nrg): Jessica Ennis-Hill, CBE, née Ennis, is a British track and field...the 100 metres hurdles, the high jump and the indoor pentathlon., has type Olympic athlete

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where did brad paisley graduate from college?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03gr7w ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03gr7w fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
  ?y fb:education.education.degree fb:m.019v9k .
}

Using entities:
Bachelor's degree, also known as Bachelor (fb:m.019v9k): A bachelor's degree is usually earned for an undergraduate cours... a pass degree, and in some universities a fourth year of study., has type Degree
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.
Brad Paisley, also known as Brad Douglas Paisley, Brad Paisey (fb:m.03gr7w): Brad Douglas Paisley is an American country music singer, songwr...songs for the Pixar Animation Studios Walt Disney Pictures Cars., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Degree (fb:education.education.degree): part of Education schema, links to type Degree
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, we see that to find someone's job or profession, the property fb:people.person.profession is used. We want to find Franklin D Roosevelt's job before he became president.

Step 1: Search for the entity Franklin D Roosevelt in the knowledge graph to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Franklin D. Roosevelt, also known as Houdini In the White House, Franklin Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President Franklin D. Roosevelt (fb:m.02yy8): Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known by his initials FDR, w...05, he married Eleanor Roosevelt, with whom he had six children., has type US President
2. Franklin D. Roosevelt, also known as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Paris (fb:m.02h_t7): Franklin D. Roosevelt is a station of the Paris Métro serving bo...elt is the fourteenth busiest station in the Paris Métro system., has type Transit Stop
3. Franklin Roosevelt, also known as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt, Ruzvelt, Voice of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (fb:m.0kdxy8v): Franklin Roosevelt  is a fictional character from the 2012 film A Christmas Story 2., Fictional representation of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt., has type Film character
4. Franklin D. Roosevelt (fb:m.06s5wnm): Franklin D. Roosevelt is a serialized work written by Frank Burt Freidel., has type Book
5. Franklin D. Roosevelt (fb:m.0c8h4p1): has type Book Edition
6. Franklin D. Roosevelt D'Alesandro, also known as Roosie (fb:m.0vn1kft): Franklin D. Roosevelt D'Alesandro was the brother of Nancy Pelosi., has type Deceased Person
7. Franklin D Roosevelt (fb:m.0760h6t): has type School
8. Franklin D Roosevelt (fb:m.076lbz2): has type School
9. Franklin D Roosevelt (fb:m.076gshf): has type School
10. Franklin D Roosevelt (fb:m.076l0x7): has type School

[Assistant] The entity for Franklin D. Roosevelt as the US President is fb:m.02yy8. Now, I will search for properties related to "job" or "profession" for this entity to find the relevant property to get his job before president.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
2. Employment history (fb:people.person.employment_history): links to type Employment tenure, part of Person schema
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
5. Condition (fb:medicine.notable_person_with_medical_condition.condition): part of Public figure with medical condition schema, links to type Disease or medical condition
6. Appointees (fb:government.political_appointer.appointees): links to type Government Position Held, part of Political Appointer schema
7. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
8. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
9. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema
10. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are two relevant properties: fb:people.person.profession and fb:people.person.employment_history. Employment history might give us the jobs held before the presidency, so it seems more appropriate for the question.

Step 2: Let's query Franklin D Roosevelt's employment history to find his job before he became president.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property fb:people.person.employment_history did not return any results. Let's try the other property fb:people.person.profession to see if it contains relevant information about Franklin D Roosevelt's job before he became president.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| profession                     | professionLabel       |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Lawyer (fb:m.04gc2)            | Lawyer (en)           |
| Soldier (fb:m.099md)           | Soldier (en)          |
| Corporate lawyer (fb:m.09spnh) | Corporate lawyer (en) |
| Writer (fb:m.0cbd2)            | Writer (en)           |
| Politician (fb:m.0fj9f)        | Politician (en)       |

[Assistant]
Franklin D Roosevelt had several professions including Lawyer, Soldier, Corporate lawyer, Writer, and Politician. To find the job specifically before he became president, we might need to check the timeline or employment history more specifically.

Since employment history property did not return results, let's try to find if there is any property related to political positions or offices held by him before presidency. I will search for properties related to political offices or positions for Franklin D Roosevelt.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held): links to type Government Position Held, part of Politician schema
2. Vice president (fb:government.us_president.vice_president): links to type US Vice President, part of US President schema
3. President number (fb:government.us_president.presidency_number): part of US President schema, links to type Integer
4. Votes for Pres. Nomination (fb:base.politicalconventions.primary_candidate.pres_delegate_vote_tally): links to type Presidential Delegate Vote Tally, part of Primary Candidate schema
5. Appointees (fb:government.political_appointer.appointees): links to type Government Position Held, part of Political Appointer schema
6. Party (fb:government.politician.party): links to type Political Party Tenure, part of Politician schema
7. Official name (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.official_name): part of Context name schema, links to type Text
8. Inauguration (fb:base.inaugurations.inauguration_speaker.inauguration): part of Inauguration Speaker schema, links to type Inauguration
9. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
10. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key

No other items found

[Assistant] The property fb:government.politician.government_positions_held looks promising to find political offices held by Franklin D Roosevelt before he became president. Let's query this property to see what political positions he held.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| position     | positionLabel |
| ------------ | ------------- |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 |               |
| fb:m.03q2h_j |               |
| fb:m.04ml2v0 |               |
| fb:m.0b_p9hl |               |

[Assistant] The query returned four government positions held by Franklin D Roosevelt, but no labels were provided for these positions. To understand what these positions are, I will query the labels for these four positions separately.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The positions do not have English labels directly. I will try to get more information about these positions by querying their types and any other properties that might help identify them.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| position     | property                                                                                | value                                                             |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title)                             | President (fb:m.060c4)                                            |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | From (fb:government.government_position_held.from)                                           | 1933-03-04 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | Jurisdiction of office (fb:government.government_position_held.jurisdiction_of_office)       | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0)                            |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder)                          | Franklin D. Roosevelt (fb:m.02yy8)                                |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title) | President of the United States (fb:m.060d2)                       |
| ...          | ...                                                                                | ...                                                               |
| fb:m.03q2h_j | To (fb:government.government_position_held.to)                                               | 1920-08-26 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.03q2h_j | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                                   | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.03q2h_j | rdf:type                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.04ml2v0 | Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title)                             | Governor (fb:m.0fkvn)                                             |
| fb:m.04ml2v0 | From (fb:government.government_position_held.from)                                           | 1929-01-01 (xsd:date)                                             |

[Assistant]
From the properties of the positions, I see that one position is "President of the United States" starting from 1933-03-04. Another position has the basic title "Governor" starting from 1929-01-01. Another position has an end date of 1920-08-26, which might be a job before presidency.

I will now query the basic titles and time periods for all these positions to identify the job Franklin D Roosevelt had before he became president.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 4 columns:
| position     | basicTitle                        | from                  | to                    |
| ------------ | --------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| fb:m.03q2h_9 | President (fb:m.060c4)            | 1933-03-04 (xsd:date) | 1945-04-12 (xsd:date) |
| fb:m.03q2h_j | Assistant Secretary (fb:m.09tm8y) | 1913-03-17 (xsd:date) | 1920-08-26 (xsd:date) |
| fb:m.04ml2v0 | Governor (fb:m.0fkvn)             | 1929-01-01 (xsd:date) | 1932-12-31 (xsd:date) |
| fb:m.0b_p9hl | State Senator (fb:m.01t7n9)       | 1911-01-01 (xsd:date) | 1913-03-17 (xsd:date) |

[Assistant]
Franklin D Roosevelt held the following positions before becoming president:
- State Senator from 1911-01-01 to 1913-03-17
- Assistant Secretary from 1913-03-17 to 1920-08-26
- Governor from 1929-01-01 to 1932-12-31

These were his jobs before he became President in 1933. I will now provide this as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified Franklin D Roosevelt's jobs before becoming President, listing his roles as State Senator, Assistant Secretary, and Governor with appropriate dates. The SPARQL query retrieves the relevant government positions held by Roosevelt, including their titles and time periods, and the answer accurately summarizes this information. The query and answer are complete and well-structured for the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?postalCode WHERE {
  fb:m.0fvxz fb:location.citytown.postal_codes ?postalCode .
}

The zip codes (postal codes) for Trenton, New Jersey are: 08628, 08618, 08638, 08610, 08619, 08605, 08604, 08603, 08602, and 08601 among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the zip code for trenton?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where does ryan lochte live now?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0bfyrl ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0bfyrl fb:people.person.places_lived ?y .
  ?y fb:people.place_lived.location ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.end_date ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.end_date ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.start_date ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.start_date ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Ryan Lochte, also known as Ryan Steven Lochte, The Lochtenator, Reezy (fb:m.0bfyrl): Ryan Steven Lochte is an American competitive swimmer and an 11-...chte is also known for his dominance in the short course format., has type Olympic athlete

Using properties:
Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): links to type Place lived, part of Person schema
End date (fb:people.place_lived.end_date): part of Place lived schema, links to type Date/Time
Location (fb:people.place_lived.location): part of Place lived schema, links to type Location
Start date (fb:people.place_lived.start_date): part of Place lived schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 2:
Question:
where does morrissey live 2010?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01w524f ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01w524f fb:people.person.places_lived ?y .
  ?y fb:people.place_lived.location ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.end_date ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.end_date ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) >= "2010-01-01" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.start_date ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.place_lived.start_date ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) <= "2010-12-31" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Morrissey, also known as Morissey, Steven Patrick Morrissey, Steven Morrissey, Morrissey, Moz, Mozza, Mozzer, Morrisey (fb:m.01w524f): Steven Patrick Morrissey, commonly known by his last name, Morri...ocal style, his quiff haircut and his dynamic live performances., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): links to type Place lived, part of Person schema
End date (fb:people.place_lived.end_date): part of Place lived schema, links to type Date/Time
Location (fb:people.place_lived.location): part of Place lived schema, links to type Location
Start date (fb:people.place_lived.start_date): part of Place lived schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
what currency does jamaica accept?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03_r3 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03_r3 fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jamaica (fb:m.03_r3): Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, comp...d Canada, and the fourth most populous country in the Caribbean., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
The examples show how to find entities and properties related to locations and their attributes. For the question "what is the zip code for Trenton?", we need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Trenton".
2. Find the property related to "zip code" or postal code for that entity.
3. Query the zip code value for Trenton.

First, I will search for the entity "Trenton" in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Trenton, also known as Trenton, NJ, Trenton, New Jersey, Mercer County / Trenton city (fb:m.0fvxz): Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and ...Trenton was formed within Trenton Township on November 13, 1792., has type City/Town/Village
2. Trenton, also known as Trenton, Michigan, Wayne County / Trenton city (fb:m.0vry4): Trenton is a small city in Wayne County in the southeast portion...m and was the first county park in Michigan, designated in 1919., has type City/Town/Village
3. Trenton, also known as Gilchrist County / Trenton city, Trenton, Florida (fb:m.0rksn): Trenton is a city in Gilchrist County, Florida, United States. T... as of April 1, 2008. It is the county seat of Gilchrist County., has type City/Town/Village
4. Trenton, also known as Trenton, Illinois, Clinton County / Trenton city (fb:m.0s4bc): Trenton is a town in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,184 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
5. Trenton, also known as Cache County / Trenton town, Trenton, Utah (fb:m.010dk_): Trenton is a town in Cache County, Utah, United States. The popu...included in the Logan, Utah-Idaho Metropolitan Statistical Area., has type City/Town/Village
6. Trenton, also known as Gibson County / Trenton city, Trenton, Tennessee (fb:m.0_txt): Trenton is a city in Gibson County, Tennessee. The population wa...is the county seat of Gibson County, and its third largest city., has type City/Town/Village
7. Trenton, also known as Dade County / Trenton city, Trenton, Georgia (fb:m.0rvq2): Trenton is a city in Dade County, Georgia, United States. Founde...50MPH hit the city, causing significant damage and loss of life., has type City/Town/Village
8. Trenton, also known as Edgefield County / Trenton town, Trenton, South Carolina (fb:m.0_lhg): Trenton is a town in Edgefield County, South Carolina, United St...00 census. It is part of the Augusta, Georgia metropolitan area., has type City/Town/Village
9. Trenton, also known as Trenton, Texas, Fannin County / Trenton city (fb:m.010123): Trenton is a city in Fannin County, Texas, United States. The population was 635 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
10. Trenton, also known as Butler County / Trenton city, Trenton, Ohio (fb:m.0ytcc): Trenton is a city in northeastern Butler County, Ohio, United St...in Wayne Township. The population was 11,869 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village

[Assistant] The top entity for "Trenton" is Trenton, New Jersey (fb:m.0fvxz), which is likely the one the user is referring to as it is the capital city of New Jersey. Next, I will search for properties related to "zip code" or "postal code" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Postal codes (fb:location.citytown.postal_codes): part of City/Town/Village schema, links to type Postal Code
2. Area code (fb:base.wikipedia_infobox.settlement.area_code): part of Settlement schema, links to type Area code
3. Total Residential Addresses (fb:location.hud_foreclosure_area.total_residential_addresses): part of HUD Foreclosure Area schema, links to type Dated Integer
4. Area (fb:location.location.area): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Location schema
5. Time zone(s) (fb:location.location.time_zones): links to type Time Zone, part of Location schema
6. Geolocation (fb:location.location.geolocation): part of Location schema, links to type Geocode
7. Country (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.country): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Location
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
10. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Postal codes" (fb:location.citytown.postal_codes) is the relevant property for zip codes of a city or town. Now I will write a SPARQL query to get the postal codes for Trenton, New Jersey (fb:m.0fvxz).

[Tool]
Got 27 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| postalCode           |
| -------------------- |
| 08628 (fb:m.0206ng_) |
| 08618 (fb:m.0206njw) |
| 08638 (fb:m.0206nlg) |
| 08610 (fb:m.0206qfx) |
| 08619 (fb:m.0206qgw) |
| ...                  |
| 08605 (fb:m.07nrtpr) |
| 08604 (fb:m.07nrtpz) |
| 08603 (fb:m.07nrtq5) |
| 08602 (fb:m.07nrtqd) |
| 08601 (fb:m.07nrtqm) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the postal codes associated with Trenton from the Freebase knowledge graph. The answer provides a comprehensive list of zip codes for Trenton, New Jersey, which matches the query results. The query uses the appropriate entity and property, and the execution result confirms multiple postal codes were found. The output is complete and accurate for the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?property ?value WHERE {
  fb:m.0dq5yyl ?property ?value .
  FILTER ( ?property IN ( fb:people.person.profession , fb:music.group_member.membership , fb:common.topic.description , fb:music.featured_artist.recordings ) )
}

Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| property                                         | value                                      |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ |
| Description (fb:common.topic.description)        | Romo is a musician. (en)                   |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | fb:m.0dvbt5f                               |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Original Fake (fb:m.0nmwkb4)               |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Rocking Hip Hop (fb:m.0nnd_xd)             |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Brand Nu (fb:m.0rj24fn)                    |
| ...                                              | ...                                        |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Mamajuana Rock (Ikki refix) (fb:m.0x8msxd) |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Tres contra todo (fb:m.0xkc121)            |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Labios tatuados (fb:m.0xnvkyx)             |
| Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership)     | fb:m.0drxyv_                               |
| Profession (fb:people.person.profession)         | Musician (fb:m.09jwl)                      |

Romo is a musician. He has the profession of Musician and is a member of a musical group. He has several recordings including 'Original Fake,' 'Rocking Hip Hop,' 'Brand Nu,' 'Mamajuana Rock (Ikki refix),' 'Tres contra todo,' and 'Labios tatuados.'

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did romo do?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what character does ellen play in finding nemo?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01jrbb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01jrbb fb:film.film.starring ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.character ?x .
  ?y fb:film.performance.actor fb:m.01gbbz .
}

Using entities:
Ellen DeGeneres, also known as Ellen Lee DeGeneres, Tilly Mint (fb:m.01gbbz): Ellen Lee DeGeneres is an American comedian, television host, ac..., Ellen from 1994 to 1998, and The Ellen Show from 2001 to 2002., has type Celebrity
Finding Nemo, also known as Oppdrag Nemo, Psahnontas ton Nemo, Procurando Nemo 3D, Procurando Nemo, Potraga za Nemom (fb:m.01jrbb): Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated comedy-drama a... of all time, as well as the 5th highest-grossing animated film., has type Film

Using properties:
Performances (fb:film.film.starring): links to type Film performance, part of Film schema
Actor (fb:film.performance.actor): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film actor
Character (fb:film.performance.character): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film character

Example 2:
Question:
who was elected president of the philippines?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05v8c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05v8c fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?x .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title fb:m.060c4 .
}

Using entities:
Philippines, also known as フィリピン共和国, 필리핀 공화국, The Philippines, Republika ng Pilipinas, Republic of the Philippines (fb:m.05v8c): The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philipp...eters, the Philippines is the 64th-largest country in the world., has type Country
President, also known as Chairman (fb:m.060c4): A president is the leader of a country or a division or part of ...publics, semi-presidential republics or parliamentary republics., has type Fictional job title

Using properties:
Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title): links to type Government office category, part of Government Position Held schema
Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Politician
Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held

Example 3:
Question:
where is victoria beckham from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cgfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cgfb fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Victoria Beckham, also known as Victoria Caroline Beckham, Victoria Caroline Adams, Victoria Adams Wood, Victoria Adams, Victoria (fb:m.0cgfb): Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English businesswoman, fashion d...hed an eponymous label in 2008 and a lower-priced label in 2011., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, it is clear that to answer "what did romo do?" we need to first identify the entity "romo" and then find properties related to what this entity did, such as occupation, roles, or activities.

Step 1: Search for the entity "romo" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Rømø, also known as Rømø, Denmark (fb:m.05_gkj): Rømø is a Danish island in the Wadden Sea. Rømø is part of Tønde...any and was part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein., has type Geographical Feature
2. Romo, also known as Romo (fb:m.0dq5yyl): has type Musical Artist, Romo is a musician.
3. Bill Romanowski, also known as Romo, William Thomas Romanowski (fb:m.03rsd2): William Thomas "Bill" Romanowski is a former American football p...n 1996 and 1998, both during his tenure with the Denver Broncos., has type American football player
4. Romo (fb:m.011sg4_6): has type Film
5. Romo (fb:m.05_m_y): Romantic Modernism, more commonly known as Romo, was a musical a...e orientated club nights which would continue through the 2000s., has type Musical genre
6. Romo (fb:m.0p97c1z): Romo is a fictional character from the 1937 film Jim Hanvey, Detective., has type Film character
7. Romo (fb:m.09ntqyn): has type Fictional Character
8. RoMo (fb:m.05k6897): has type School mascot
9. RoMo (fb:m.05ghys2): has type Mascot
10. Daniela Romo, also known as Romo, Daniela, Teresa Presmanes Corona (fb:m.01p3wsp): Daniela Romo is a Mexican singer, actress and TV hostess. Her pa...s for inspiring her to become an actress and a recording artist., has type Musical Artist

[Assistant]
The search for "romo" returned several entities including a musical artist named Romo (fb:m.0dq5yyl), a film named Romo (fb:m.011sg4_6), a fictional character named Romo (fb:m.0p97c1z), and Daniela Romo, a Mexican singer and actress (fb:m.01p3wsp).

Since the question "what did romo do?" is quite general, it could refer to any of these entities. To clarify, I will check the properties of the musical artist Romo (fb:m.0dq5yyl) to see what kind of information is available about what this Romo did.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musician schema
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
8. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
9. Has value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_value): part of Value Notation schema, links to type Property
10. Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings): links to type Musical Recording, part of Featured artist schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The properties related to what the musical artist Romo did include profession (fb:people.person.profession), member of (fb:music.group_member.membership), description (fb:common.topic.description), and recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings).

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve these properties for the musical artist Romo (fb:m.0dq5yyl) to answer the question "what did romo do?"

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| property                                         | value                                      |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ |
| Description (fb:common.topic.description)        | Romo is a musician. (en)                   |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | fb:m.0dvbt5f                               |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Original Fake (fb:m.0nmwkb4)               |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Rocking Hip Hop (fb:m.0nnd_xd)             |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Brand Nu (fb:m.0rj24fn)                    |
| ...                                              | ...                                        |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Mamajuana Rock (Ikki refix) (fb:m.0x8msxd) |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Tres contra todo (fb:m.0xkc121)            |
| Recordings (fb:music.featured_artist.recordings) | Labios tatuados (fb:m.0xnvkyx)             |
| Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership)     | fb:m.0drxyv_                               |
| Profession (fb:people.person.profession)         | Musician (fb:m.09jwl)                      |

[Assistant]
Romo is a musician. He has the profession of Musician and is a member of a musical group. He has several recordings including "Original Fake," "Rocking Hip Hop," "Brand Nu," "Mamajuana Rock (Ikki refix)," "Tres contra todo," and "Labios tatuados."

I will now provide the final answer with a SPARQL query that retrieves this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves relevant information about Romo's profession, group membership, and recordings, which directly answer the question 'what did Romo do?'. The answer summarizes the query results well, mentioning Romo's profession as a musician, his membership in a musical group, and listing several of his recordings. The query follows best practices by returning identifiers and uses appropriate properties. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

Australians primarily speak English language. Esperanto and Lojban are also listed as languages spoken in Australia.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language does australians speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what was elie wiesel's father's name?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02vsp ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02vsp fb:people.person.parents ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.gender fb:m.05zppz .
}

Using entities:
Elie Wiesel, also known as Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel, Eliezer Wiesel (fb:m.02vsp): Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel KBE is a Romanian-born Jewish writer, prof...ful message "of peace, atonement and human dignity" to humanity., has type Author
Male, also known as Men, Man, Guy, Dude, Boy (fb:m.05zppz): A male organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm. Ea... sex depending on the number of females present in the vicinity., has type Risk Factor

Using properties:
Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 2:
Question:
what movies has selena gomez starred in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0gs6vr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0gs6vr fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film ?x .
}

Using entities:
Selena Gomez, also known as Selly, Selenita, Selena Marie Gomez, Sel, Conchita (fb:m.0gs6vr): Selena Marie Gomez is an American actress, singer and fashion de...rds following the completion of her greatest hits album For You., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

Example 3:
Question:
where is downtown littleton?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0g8lsf ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0g8lsf fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Littleton, also known as Littleton, Colorado (fb:m.0g8lsf): The City of Littleton is the Home Rule Municipality in Arapahoe,...as the 20th most populous municipality in the State of Colorado., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
The question is "what language does Australians speak?" We need to identify the entity for "Australians" which likely refers to the country Australia or the people of Australia. Then we need to find the property related to the language spoken by that entity.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Australia" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country
2. Australian Continent, also known as Australia, Down Under (fb:m.09pkq0): Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sa...o the now-separate islands are considered part of the continent., has type Continent
3. Australia, also known as Austrália (fb:m.026qnh6): Australia is a 2008 Australian-American-British epic historical ...tes throughout late December 2008 and January and February 2009., Australia is an Australian romance film-epic film directed by Ba...o face the bombing of Darwin, Australia, by the Japanese forces., has type Award-Winning Work
4. Government of Australia, also known as Australia, Australian Government (fb:m.04jrx3): The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia, also referred t...presentative democracy, with important elements of both present., has type Organization founder
5. Australia, also known as Sehnsucht nach Australien (fb:m.09rtv7m): Australia is a 1989 film directed by Jean-Jacques Andrien., has type Film
6. Australia (fb:m.0pylm8): has type Musical Recording
7. Muscles, also known as Australia (fb:m.0cj7gw3): Muscles is a 2009 short film written and directed by Edward Housden., has type Film
8. Australia, also known as Australia, Australia (single version) (fb:m.0qww94): has type Musical Recording
9. Australia (fb:m.0kpg4sd): "Australia" was released by Manic Street Preachers on 2 December... later feature on the Lipstick Traces compilation album in 2003., Australia is a song by Manic Street Preachers., Australia is a composition., has type TV theme song
10. Australia (fb:m.0c8xkn): Australia: Aufbruch ins Abenteuer is a board game intended for t...develop several national parks, and other conservation projects., has type Game

[Assistant] The entity "Australia" as a country is identified as fb:m.0chghy. Next, we need to find the property related to the language spoken by Australia or Australians. Let's search for properties related to language for the entity Australia (fb:m.0chghy).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
2. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
4. Subjects (fb:common.topic.subjects): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
5. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
6. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.adjectival_form): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Text
8. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
9. Subject of (fb:common.topic.subject_of): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
10. Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Languages spoken" (fb:location.country.languages_spoken) is relevant to the question. Now, let's write a SPARQL query to find the languages spoken in Australia (fb:m.0chghy).

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

[Assistant]
Australians speak English language primarily. Additionally, Esperanto and Lojban are also listed as languages spoken in Australia.

I will now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in Australia, including English, Esperanto, and Lojban. The answer accurately reflects the query results and provides a clear and concise response to the user's question. The query also includes labels for better readability, which is helpful. No further refinement is necessary.