PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?start_date WHERE {
  fb:m.0jmfb fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?championship .
  ?championship fb:time.event.start_date ?start_date .
}
ORDER BY ?start_date
LIMIT 1

The Houston Rockets won their first championship in the year 1994.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year did houston rockets win their first championship?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what year did the houston rockets win their first championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jmfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jmfb fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:time.event.start_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Houston Rockets, also known as Rockets, San Diego Rockets (fb:m.0jmfb): The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team...ouston to the conference finals in his first year with the team., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

Example 2:
Question:
when did the houston rockets win the championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jmfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jmfb fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Houston Rockets, also known as Rockets, San Diego Rockets (fb:m.0jmfb): The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team...ouston to the conference finals in his first year with the team., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
what year did lakers win their first championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jmk7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jmk7 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:time.event.start_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Los Angeles Lakers, also known as The Lakers, Showtime, Minneapolis Lakers, LA Lakers, Lakers (fb:m.0jmk7): The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball t...Lakers in honor of the state's nickname, "Land of 10,000 Lakes"., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it appears that the Houston Rockets entity in Freebase is fb:m.0jmfb and the property for championships is fb:sports.sports_team.championships. The championship event has a start date property fb:time.event.start_date which can be used to find the year of the championship.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find the year of the first championship won by the Houston Rockets by ordering the championship events by their start date and limiting the result to the first one.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| start_date            |
| --------------------- |
| 1994-06-08 (xsd:date) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the start date of the Houston Rockets' first championship by ordering the championship events by their start date and limiting the result to the earliest one. The answer, 1994, matches the execution result and is accurate. The query uses appropriate properties and entities, and the output is complete and relevant to the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?president ?presidentLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.013zfq fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders ?positionHeld .
  ?positionHeld fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?president .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?president rdfs:label ?presidentLabel FILTER ( lang( ?presidentLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?positionHeld fb:government.government_position_held.to ?toDate
  }
}
LIMIT 1

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| president                   | presidentLabel     |
| --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Reuven Rivlin (en) |

The current president of Israel is Reuven Rivlin.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is president of israel?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is the president of israel 2012?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.013zfq ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.013zfq fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2012-12-31" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:government.government_position_held.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2012-01-01" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
President of Israel (fb:m.013zfq): The President of the State of Israel is the head of state of Isr... Knesset for a seven-year term and are limited to a single term., has type Government Office or Title

Using properties:
Office Holders (fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders): part of Government Office or Title schema, links to type Government Position Held
From (fb:government.government_position_held.from): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time
Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Politician
To (fb:government.government_position_held.to): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 2:
Question:
what form of government is israel?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03spz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03spz fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Israel, also known as State of Israel (fb:m.03spz): Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western ...itish Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what type of government does israel?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03spz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03spz fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Israel, also known as State of Israel (fb:m.03spz): Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in Western ...itish Mandate for Palestine was set for midnight on 14 May 1948., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
From the similar example, I found that the entity for "President of Israel" is fb:m.013zfq and the property to get office holders is fb:government.government_office_or_title.office_holders. The office holders have a property fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder which links to the person holding the position.

I will now write a query to get the current president of Israel by checking the office holders of the President of Israel position and filtering by the current date.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: parse error at position 78751 for token ) with content ')' (the input most likely does not follow the grammar)

[Assistant] The query I constructed is too complex and has a parsing error. I will simplify the query to get the current president of Israel by checking the office holders of the President of Israel position without the complex filtering for dates. I will just retrieve the office holders for now.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| president                     | presidentLabel       |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Chaim Weizmann (fb:m.019x_p)  | Chaim Weizmann (en)  |
| Moshe Katsav (fb:m.01k84w)    | Moshe Katsav (en)    |
| Chaim Herzog (fb:m.01_wb6)    | Chaim Herzog (en)    |
| Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (fb:m.02xdrl) | Yitzhak Ben-Zvi (en) |
| Ezer Weizman (fb:m.031trx)    | Ezer Weizman (en)    |
| Zalman Shazar (fb:m.031tx5)   | Zalman Shazar (en)   |
| Yitzhak Navon (fb:m.0399zl)   | Yitzhak Navon (en)   |
| Ephraim Katzir (fb:m.03ynhq)  | Ephraim Katzir (en)  |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq)   | Reuven Rivlin (en)   |
| Shimon Peres (fb:m.0c_8s)     | Shimon Peres (en)    |

[Assistant] I got a list of presidents of Israel, but it includes many past presidents. I need to refine the query to get the current president by checking the time period they held the office. I will check the properties of the positionHeld entity to find the properties related to the time period.

[Tool]
Got 373 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/daylife/topic/0dAX4Mn1cq9F1                                   |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Re'uven Rivlin (cs)                                                      |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%31%24%48%41%4A%46_%31%4A%41%44%4A%46>     |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1255d7fx4                                                           |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Politician (fb:m.02xlh55)                                                |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Reuven Rivlin è un politico isra...o 2014, in carica dal 24 luglio. (it) |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.074knw                                                              |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Rubi Rivlin (en)                                                         |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Gender (fb:people.person.gender)                                    | Male (fb:m.05zppz)                                                       |
| ...                         | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] I checked the properties of one of the presidents (Reuven Rivlin) but I need to check the properties of the positionHeld entity to find the time period properties. I will now check the properties of the positionHeld entity from the previous query.

[Tool] Constraint "?positionHeld" for subject position is not a valid IRI. IRIs can be given in prefixed form, like "wd:Q937", as URIs, like "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937", or in full form, like "<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937>".

[Assistant] I mistakenly used a variable as a subject for listing triples. I need to find the actual IRIs of the positionHeld entities from the previous query results to check their properties. I will modify the query to also retrieve the positionHeld entities.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| positionHeld  |
| ------------- |
| fb:m.010rf7jr |
| fb:m.065slz_  |
| fb:m.0j5wkf1  |
| fb:m.0j_m5_d  |
| fb:m.0j_m63p  |
| fb:m.0k080jr  |
| fb:m.0k080jx  |
| fb:m.0k080k1  |
| fb:m.0k080k6  |
| fb:m.0k080kc  |

[Assistant] I got some positionHeld entities. I will now check the properties of one of these positionHeld entities to find the time period properties. I will check the properties of fb:m.010rf7jr.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject       | property                                                                                | object                                                            |
| ------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                                   | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)                                          | Office, position, or title (fb:m.02xlh8g)                         |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Has no value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value)                                        | To (fb:m.02xlh9q)                                                 |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Officeholder (fb:government.government_position_held.office_holder)                          | Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq)                                       |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | From (fb:government.government_position_held.from)                                           | 2014-07-24 (xsd:date)                                             |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Office, position, or title (fb:government.government_position_held.office_position_or_title) | President of Israel (fb:m.013zfq)                                 |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Basic title (fb:government.government_position_held.basic_title)                             | President (fb:m.060c4)                                            |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Jurisdiction of office (fb:government.government_position_held.jurisdiction_of_office)       | Israel (fb:m.03spz)                                               |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | rdf:type                                                                                | Government Position Held (fb:government.government_position_held) |
| fb:m.010rf7jr | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)                                          | From (fb:m.02xlh9g)                                               |

[Assistant]
The positionHeld entity fb:m.010rf7jr has properties "From" (fb:government.government_position_held.from) with a date value and "To" (fb:m.02xlh9q) which has no value, indicating the current holder of the office.

I will now write a query to get the current president of Israel by checking the office holders of the President of Israel position where the "To" property has no value.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| president                   | presidentLabel     |
| --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Reuven Rivlin (fb:m.074knq) | Reuven Rivlin (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the current president of Israel by selecting the office holders of the President of Israel position and filtering out any past office holders by checking that the 'to' date does not exist. The query returns the identifier and the English label of the president, which matches the answer given: Reuven Rivlin. The query is well-formed, uses appropriate properties, and the answer is accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?spouse ?spouseName WHERE {
  fb:m.01xm6k fb:people.person.spouse_s ?marriage .
  ?marriage fb:people.marriage.spouse ?spouse .
  FILTER ( ?spouse != fb:m.01xm6k ) .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseName .
    FILTER ( lang( ?spouseName ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| spouse                               | spouseName                 |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| John S. Detlie (fb:m.02w1_m0)        | John S. Detlie (en)        |
| André de Toth (fb:m.07cszd)          | André de Toth (en)         |
| Joseph A. McCarthy (fb:m.0h2qr4q)    | Joseph A. McCarthy (en)    |
| Robert Carleton-Munro (fb:m.0h2qr53) | Robert Carleton-Munro (en) |

Veronica Lake married John S. Detlie, André de Toth, Joseph A. McCarthy, and Robert Carleton-Munro.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who did veronica lake mary?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who was mary's mother?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04n7gc6 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04n7gc6 fb:people.person.parents ?x .
  ?x fb:people.person.gender fb:m.02zsn .
}

Using entities:
Female, also known as Women, Woman, Girl, Gal, Dame (fb:m.02zsn): Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, ...esis). Some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually., Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that...female mammals, including female humans, have two X chromosomes., has type Literature Subject
Mary, also known as The Blessed Virgin Mary, Our Lady of La Salette, Saint Mary, Our Lady of the Good Books, Our Lady of Sorrows (fb:m.04n7gc6): According to the New Testament, Mary, also known as Saint Mary o...s no direct evidence of Mary's age at betrothal or in pregnancy., has type Literature Subject

Using properties:
Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 2:
Question:
who did queen mary marry?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.056j9 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.056j9 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice
Mary I of England, also known as Mary Tudor, Bloody Mary (fb:m.056j9): Mary I was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until...gious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions., has type Monarch

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who started mary kay?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05d8vj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05d8vj fb:organization.organization.founders ?x .
}

Using entities:
Mary Kay, also known as Mary Kay Cosmetics (fb:m.05d8vj): Mary Kay, Inc. is an American privately owned Dual marketing/dir...chairman, and David Holl is president and was named CEO in 2006., has type Business Operation

Using properties:
Founders (fb:organization.organization.founders): links to type Organization founder, part of Organization schema

[Assistant] The second example shows how to find who someone married using the property fb:people.person.spouse_s and the marriage entity. I will now search for the entity Veronica Lake in the knowledge graph to get her identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Veronica Lake, also known as Constance Keane, Constance Frances Marie Ockleman, The Peek-a-boo Girl, Constance Frances Marie Ockelman, Connie Keane (fb:m.01xm6k): Veronica Lake was an American film, stage, and television actres...ly 1973 from hepatitis and acute kidney injury at the age of 50., Veronica Lake was an actor., has type Film actor
2. Veronica Lake (fb:m.0dnbyfk): has type Consumer product
3. Veronica Lake (fb:m.01qvd30): has type Musical Group
4. Veronica Lake (fb:m.01f3lrt): has type Musical Recording
5. Veronica Lake (fb:m.01hyj1b): has type Musical Album
6. Veronica Lake (fb:m.0y1x7bg): has type Musical Recording
7. Veronica Lake (fb:m.036xpwb): has type Musical Release
8. Veronica Lake (fb:m.0dshn31): has type Musical Recording
9. Veronica Lake (fb:m.0zjkz3s): has type Composition
10. Veronica Lake (fb:m.0dtgzwk): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for Veronica Lake as an American film, stage, and television actress is fb:m.01xm6k. Now I will search for the property related to marriage or spouse for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
2. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
3. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
4. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
7. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
10. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for spouse or domestic partner is fb:people.person.spouse_s. I will now write a SPARQL query to find who Veronica Lake married using this property.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| spouse                               | spouseName                 |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| Veronica Lake (fb:m.01xm6k)          | Veronica Lake (en)         |
| John S. Detlie (fb:m.02w1_m0)        | John S. Detlie (en)        |
| André de Toth (fb:m.07cszd)          | André de Toth (en)         |
| Joseph A. McCarthy (fb:m.0h2qr4q)    | Joseph A. McCarthy (en)    |
| Robert Carleton-Munro (fb:m.0h2qr53) | Robert Carleton-Munro (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the spouses of Veronica Lake, but the result includes Veronica Lake herself as a spouse, which is incorrect. The query should be refined to exclude Veronica Lake from the list of spouses. Additionally, the answer should clarify that Veronica Lake married John S. Detlie, André de Toth, Joseph A. McCarthy, and Robert Carleton-Munro, excluding herself. This will improve the accuracy and clarity of the answer.

[Assistant] I will refine the SPARQL query to exclude Veronica Lake herself from the list of spouses.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| spouse                               | spouseName                 |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| John S. Detlie (fb:m.02w1_m0)        | John S. Detlie (en)        |
| André de Toth (fb:m.07cszd)          | André de Toth (en)         |
| Joseph A. McCarthy (fb:m.0h2qr4q)    | Joseph A. McCarthy (en)    |
| Robert Carleton-Munro (fb:m.0h2qr53) | Robert Carleton-Munro (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all spouses of Veronica Lake by using the marriage relationship and filtering out Veronica Lake herself. The query also optionally retrieves the English labels of the spouses, which is helpful for readability. The answer lists all four spouses found in the query result, which matches the execution result. The query and answer are complete and accurate for the question asked.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?description WHERE {
  fb:m.074l5 fb:common.topic.description ?description .
  FILTER ( lang( ?description ) = 'en' )
}

Shiva, also known as Mahadeva, is one of the main deities of Hinduism. He is known as the destroyer or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu trinity that includes Brahma and Vishnu. Shiva is usually worshiped in the aniconic form of Lingam. This description indicates that Shiva represents destruction and transformation in Hinduism.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what does god shiva represent?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what are buddhist gods?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.092bf5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.092bf5 fb:religion.religion.deities ?x .
}

Using entities:
Buddhism, also known as Buddhist (fb:m.092bf5): Buddhism /ˈbudɪzəm/ is a nontheistic religion or philosophy that...s, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana., has type Religion

Using properties:
Deity Or Deities (fb:religion.religion.deities): part of Religion schema, links to type Deity

Example 2:
Question:
what are the gods of islam?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0flw86 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0flw86 fb:religion.religion.deities ?x .
}

Using entities:
Islam (fb:m.0flw86): Islam is a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion articulated by the Q...der it to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God., has type Religion

Using properties:
Deity Or Deities (fb:religion.religion.deities): part of Religion schema, links to type Deity

Example 3:
Question:
what god does taoism believe in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07gvx ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07gvx fb:religion.religion.deities ?x .
}

Using entities:
Taoism, also known as Daoism, Dowism, Taoist (fb:m.07gvx): Taoism is a philosophical, ethical or religious tradition of Chi...ation practice still adhered to by modern-day religious Taoists., has type Religion

Using properties:
Deity Or Deities (fb:religion.religion.deities): part of Religion schema, links to type Deity

[Assistant]
The examples suggest that questions about what a god represents or which gods belong to a religion are often answered by identifying the deity entity and then looking for properties related to their representation or attributes.

Step 1: I will search for the entity "Shiva" in the freebase knowledge graph to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Shiva, also known as Lord Shiva (fb:m.074l5): Shiva, also known as Mahadeva, is one of the main deities of Hin...ment. Shiva is usually worshiped in the aniconic form of Lingam., has type Deity
2. Shivkumar Sharma, also known as Shri Shiv Kumar Sharma, Shiv Kumar Sharma, Shiv-Hari, Shiva, Shiv (fb:m.04f36r): Pandit Shivkumar Sharma is an Indian Santoor player. The Santoor is a folk instrument from Jammu and kashmir., has type Musical Artist
3. Jörg Kessler, also known as DJ Jorg, DJ Jörg, Jörg, DJ, Jorg Kessler, Shiva (fb:m.01vrypn): has type Composer
4. Shiva, also known as Shiv'ah (fb:m.078mk): Shiva is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degr...a ritual known as keriah. This garment is worn throughout shiva.
5. Shiva Rindani, also known as Shiva, Shivaa (fb:m.0gfd1wh): Shiva Rindani is an actor appearing in Bollywood films mostly in...s like Hum as Captain Stack, Ghatak: Lethal and many more films., has type Film actor
6. Shiva, also known as Siva, Udhayam (fb:m.02gvt2): Shiva is a 1990 Bollywood film, produced by Akkineni Venkat & Y....al Varma later went on to release a prequel of the film in 2006., has type Award-Winning Work
7. Siva, also known as Sivakumar Jayakumar, Shiva Kumar, J. Siva Kumar, Shiva (fb:m.0hj2j3z): J. SIva Kumar is a cinematographer, screenwriter and film director., Siva is an Indian cinematographer-turned-filmmaker., Shiva Kumar is a film director and producer., Siva is a film director and screenwriter., has type Film director
8. Shiva, also known as wise captain, Siva, puratchi nayagan, periya thalapathy, Mirchi Shiva (fb:m.04jlzj_): Shiva is an Indian film actor who has featured in Tamil language...ennai 600028 and Saroja, before also featuring in Thamizh Padam., has type Musical Artist
9. Shiva, also known as Shiva 2006 (fb:m.047f0qt): Shiva is a 2006 Hindi film produced and directed by Ram Gopal Va... Asian Film Festival. Later was dubbed in Tamil as Udhayam 2006., has type Film
10. Shiva, also known as Shiva (fb:m.0zmry3w): Louise Dean was a singer for the dance band Shiva. She died in a... Franco Piscitelli was the unofficial fourth member of the band., Shiva is a UK techno group fronted by Louise Dean., has type Musical Artist

[Assistant] The entity "Shiva" as the deity is identified as fb:m.074l5. Now I will search for properties related to what Shiva represents or attributes of Shiva. I will search for properties of this entity with the query "represent" or "meaning".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
2. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
7. Appears in poems (fb:book.poem_character.appears_in_poems): part of Poem character schema, links to type Poem
8. Representations In Fiction (fb:fictional_universe.person_in_fiction.representations_in_fiction): part of Person Or Being In Fiction schema, links to type Fictional Character
9. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Description" (fb:common.topic.description) which might contain information about what Shiva represents. I will query the description of Shiva (fb:m.074l5) to see if it contains relevant information about what Shiva represents.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| description                                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Shiva, also known as Mahadeva, i... in the aniconic form of Lingam. (en) |

[Assistant] The description is truncated in the preview, so I will expand the query to get the full description text for Shiva to understand what Shiva represents.

[Tool]
Got 41 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| description                                                                 |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bog Šiva je hinduističko božanst...neprekidno meditira na Himalaji. (hr)    |
| En el marco del hinduismo, Shiva... es considerado el Dios supremo. (es)    |
| Shiva, also known as Mahadeva, i... in the aniconic form of Lingam. (en)    |
| Shiva, även kallad Pashupati ”vi...halsband av sammanflätade ormar. (sv)    |
| Shiva er en av de høyeste guddom...ituell sammenheng kalles Shakti. (no)    |
| ...                                                                         |
| พระศิวะ หรือ พระอิศวร หนึ่งในตรี...การร่ายรำต่าง ๆ มาตราบจนปัจจุบัน (th)    |
| 시바는 힌두교의 주요 신들 중의 하나로 힌두교의 트리무르티...한 이들 여신과 관련하여 성애도 중시한 성력숭배가 있었다. (ko)    |
| シヴァは、ヒンドゥー教の3最高神の一柱。創造神ブラフマー、維持神...神を信仰する派をシヴァ教という。
日本では慣用的にシバともいう。 (ja)    |
| 湿婆，印度教三大主神之一。湿婆是毁灭之神，也担当创造的职能，是印...居住在色究竟天的圣者，在大乘佛教中，更被视为是位居法云地的圣者。 (zh)    |
| 濕婆，印度教三大主神之一。濕婆是毀滅之神，也擔當創造的職能，是印...居住在色究竟天的聖者，在大乘佛教中，更被視為是位居法雲地的聖者。 (zh-TW) |

[Assistant]
The English description for Shiva is truncated in the preview, but it starts with "Shiva, also known as Mahadeva, is one of the main deities of Hinduism... Shiva is usually worshiped in the aniconic form of Lingam." This suggests Shiva is a major deity in Hinduism with specific symbolic representations.

To get a more detailed understanding of what Shiva represents, I will check if there are any other properties or related entities that describe Shiva's attributes or symbolism. I will search for properties of Shiva with the query "symbol" or "attribute".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Appears in poems (fb:book.poem_character.appears_in_poems): part of Poem character schema, links to type Poem
7. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
8. Representations In Fiction (fb:fictional_universe.person_in_fiction.representations_in_fiction): part of Person Or Being In Fiction schema, links to type Fictional Character
9. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
10. Religion(s) That Worship This Deity (fb:religion.deity.deity_of): links to type Religion, part of Deity schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property related to "symbol" or "attribute" for Shiva. The best property to get what Shiva represents is the description (fb:common.topic.description).

I will now formulate a SPARQL query to retrieve the English description of Shiva (fb:m.074l5) which should provide information on what Shiva represents.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified Shiva as a deity and retrieved a relevant English description from Freebase that explains what Shiva represents, including his role as the destroyer or transformer in Hinduism. The SPARQL query is appropriate for fetching a descriptive summary. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?countryName WHERE {
  fb:m.09889g fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  ?placeOfBirth fb:location.location.containedby ?country .
  ?country rdf:type fb:location.country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryName .
  FILTER ( lang( ?countryName ) = "en" )
}

Michael Jackson was born in the United States of America.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] which country was michael jackson born?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did michael jackson went to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09889g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09889g fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jackson, also known as Mike, Applehead, MJ, Smelly, Space Michael (fb:m.09889g): Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an ...l Francis Admire Michael Jackson As His Best. Videos such as ..., Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, recor...1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
what school did michael jackson attend?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09889g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09889g fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jackson, also known as Mike, Applehead, MJ, Smelly, Space Michael (fb:m.09889g): Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an ...l Francis Admire Michael Jackson As His Best. Videos such as ..., Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, recor...1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
what are the names of michael jackson children?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09889g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09889g fb:people.person.children ?x .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jackson, also known as Mike, Applehead, MJ, Smelly, Space Michael (fb:m.09889g): Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an ...l Francis Admire Michael Jackson As His Best. Videos such as ..., Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, recor...1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that Michael Jackson is identified by the entity fb:m.09889g in Freebase. To find the country where Michael Jackson was born, I need to find the property related to place of birth or birth location for this entity.

Next, I will search for properties related to birth or place of birth for the entity Michael Jackson (fb:m.09889g).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
2. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
3. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
4. Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Date of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_burial): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time
7. Religion (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.religion): links to type Religion Choice, part of Celebrity schema
8. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
9. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
10. Family (fb:people.family_member.family): part of Family member schema, links to type Family

No other items found

[Assistant]
I found that the property "Place of birth" (fb:people.person.place_of_birth) is the relevant property to find the birthplace of Michael Jackson.

Now I will write a SPARQL query to get the place of birth of Michael Jackson (fb:m.09889g) using this property. I will also try to get the country of that place if possible.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| placeOfBirth      | placeOfBirthName | country | countryName |
| ----------------- | ---------------- | ------- | ----------- |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Gary (en)        |         |             |

[Assistant]
Michael Jackson was born in Gary. The query did not return a country directly linked to Gary in the knowledge graph.

Next, I will try to find the country of the place "Gary" by looking for its country property or by checking if it is a city in a country.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The place "Gary" does not have a direct country property in the knowledge graph. I will try to find other location properties of Gary to infer the country. For example, I will check if Gary has a "contained by" or "located in" property that might lead to a country.

[Tool]
Got 1,167 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/gnis/434979                                                   |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Gary (ca)                                                                |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%3A%27%31%4A_,_%25%46%2F%4A%27%46%27>      |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.125g6_1kq                                                           |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | City/Town/Village (fb:m.01m9)                                            |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Gary ABD'nin Indiana eyaletinde ...ğduğu yer olarak da tanınmıştır. (tr) |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.03b1b                                                               |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | City of Gary, Indiana (ro)                                               |
| Gary (fb:m.03b12) | Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby)                     | United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0)                                   |
| ...               | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant]
I found that Gary (fb:m.03b12) has the property "Contained by" (fb:location.location.containedby) with the object "United States of America" (fb:m.09c7w0).

This means Gary is contained by the United States of America, which is the country where Michael Jackson was born.

I will now finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query returns multiple locations including Indiana, Area code 219, and Lake County, which are not countries. The question specifically asks for the country where Michael Jackson was born. The query should be refined to ensure it only returns entities that are countries. This can be done by adding a type filter to restrict ?country to be of type country or equivalent in Freebase. This will improve the precision of the answer and avoid irrelevant locations.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I will add a filter to ensure that the ?country variable is of type "Country" in Freebase. This will restrict the results to only countries and exclude other types of locations.

I will update the SPARQL query accordingly and execute it again.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| country                                | countryName                   |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the country where Michael Jackson was born by linking his place of birth to the containing country. The query returns the expected result, the United States of America, which is accurate. The query also includes the English label for the country, which is helpful for readability. The answer provided is correct and complete based on the query results. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0169t fb:location.location.containedby ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel FILTER ( lang( ?locationLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| location             | locationLabel |
| -------------------- | ------------- |
| Africa (fb:m.0dg3n1) | Africa (en)   |

Burundi is located in Africa.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is burundi country?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is burundi located on a map?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0169t ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0169t fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Burundi (fb:m.0169t): Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked cou... in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966., has type Country

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
where is burundi located on a map?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0169t ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0169t fb:base.locations.countries.continent ?x .
}

Using entities:
Burundi (fb:m.0169t): Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked cou... in the establishment of a republic and one-party state in 1966., has type Country

Using properties:
Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

Example 3:
Question:
where is somalia located?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06tgw ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06tgw fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Somalia, also known as Federal Republic of Somalia (fb:m.06tgw): Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is a countr... the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt., has type Country

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, I see that the entity for Burundi is fb:m.0169t and the property used to find its location is fb:location.location.containedby. This property indicates the location that contains the entity, which can be used to answer the question "where is Burundi country?"

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the location that contains Burundi using the property fb:location.location.containedby.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| location             | locationLabel |
| -------------------- | ------------- |
| Africa (fb:m.0dg3n1) | Africa (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the location containing Burundi, which is Africa. The query uses the appropriate property 'fb:location.location.containedby' to find the containing location and includes an optional label for readability. The answer 'Burundi is located in Africa.' is accurate and complete based on the query results. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?coach WHERE {
  {
    fb:m.01y3c fb:american_football.football_team.current_head_coach ?coach .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.01y3c fb:sports.sports_team.coaches ?coachTenure .
    ?coachTenure fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.coach ?coach .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.01y3c fb:american_football.football_team.historical_coaching_staff ?historicalCoachPosition .
    ?historicalCoachPosition fb:american_football.football_historical_coach_position.coach ?coach .
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 1 column:
| coach                        |
| ---------------------------- |
| George Seifert (fb:m.03zbvp) |
| Ron Rivera (fb:m.04g57l)     |
| Dom Capers (fb:m.04tmdx)     |
| John Fox (fb:m.06_73l)       |

The Carolina Panthers have been coached by George Seifert, Ron Rivera, Dom Capers, and John Fox according to the Freebase knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who has coached the carolina panthers?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who has coached the baltimore ravens?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  {
    fb:m.01ct6 fb:american_football.football_team.current_head_coach ?x .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.01ct6 fb:sports.sports_team.coaches ?y .
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.coach ?x .
    ?y fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.position fb:m.02y5kn .
  }
}

Using entities:
Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6): The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team i...NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl appearances., has type American football team
Coach (fb:m.02y5kn): In sports, a coach is a person involved in the direction, instru...am or of individual sportspeople. A coach may also be a teacher., has type American football coach position

Using properties:
Current head coach (fb:american_football.football_team.current_head_coach): links to type American football head coach, part of American football team schema
Coaches (fb:sports.sports_team.coaches): links to type Sports team coach tenure, part of Sports Team schema
Coach (fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.coach): part of Sports team coach tenure schema, links to type Sports team coach
Position (fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.position): part of Sports team coach tenure schema, links to type Coaching position

Example 2:
Question:
who has coached the minnesota vikings?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.051q5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.051q5 fb:american_football.football_team.historical_coaching_staff ?y .
  ?y fb:american_football.football_historical_coach_position.coach ?x .
}

Using entities:
Minnesota Vikings (fb:m.051q5): The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team ... University of Minnesota while U.S. Bank Stadium is being built., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Coach (fb:american_football.football_historical_coach_position.coach): part of American football historical coach position schema, links to type American football head coach
Historical coaching staff (fb:american_football.football_team.historical_coaching_staff): links to type American football historical coach position, part of American football team schema

Example 3:
Question:
what is the name of the pittsburgh steelers head coach?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05tfm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05tfm fb:sports.sports_team.coaches ?y .
  ?y fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.coach ?x .
}

Using entities:
Pittsburgh Steelers, also known as Men of Steel, The Black and Gold, Stillers, Stihllers, Steelers (fb:m.05tfm): The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football tea...nt championship appearance, Super Bowl XLV, on February 6, 2011., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Coaches (fb:sports.sports_team.coaches): links to type Sports team coach tenure, part of Sports Team schema
Coach (fb:sports.sports_team_coach_tenure.coach): part of Sports team coach tenure schema, links to type Sports team coach

[Assistant] From the examples, it seems that the Carolina Panthers can be identified as an American football team entity in Freebase. The coaches can be found using properties related to coaching staff or coach tenure. I will first search for the Carolina Panthers entity in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Carolina Panthers (fb:m.01y3c): The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football club ..., one of them in the NFC West and four of them in the NFC South., has type Professional Sports Team
2. The Carolina Panthers (fb:m.06q1sd2): has type Book
3. The Carolina Panthers (fb:m.06jvjz0): has type Book
4. The Carolina Panthers (fb:m.06f1pmq): has type Book
5. Carolina Panthers Helmet (fb:m.02kzw_6)
6. Carolina Panthers seasons (fb:m.08sq789)
7. 2010 Carolina Panthers season (fb:m.09v1910): The 2010 Carolina Panthers season is the franchise's 16th season...ach John Fox and his entire coaching staff would not be renewed.
8. 2015 Carolina Panthers season (fb:m.012hfrq3): The 2015 Carolina Panthers season will be the franchise's upcomi...n the team's history they will play on Thanksgiving this season.
9. 2014 Carolina Panthers season (fb:m.0zrn8b0): The 2014 Carolina Panthers season was the franchise's 20th seaso...round, but lost to the Seattle Seahawks in the Divisional round.
10. 2012 Carolina Panthers season (fb:m.0hzpgwn): The 2012 Carolina Panthers season was the franchise's 18th seaso...on Facebook to make the call, but the vote ended in a 50/50 tie.

[Assistant] I found the Carolina Panthers entity as fb:m.01y3c, which is a professional American football team. Now I will look for properties related to coaches for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Coaches (fb:sports.sports_team.coaches): links to type Sports team coach tenure, part of Sports Team schema
2. Current head coach (fb:american_football.football_team.current_head_coach): links to type American football head coach, part of American football team schema
3. Historical coaching staff (fb:american_football.football_team.historical_coaching_staff): links to type American football historical coach position, part of American football team schema
4. Sport (fb:sports.sports_team.sport): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Sport
5. Position (fb:user.szaijan.fantasy_football.player.position): links to type Position, part of Player schema
6. Sports Team Location (fb:sports.sports_team.location): links to type Sports Team Location, part of Sports Team schema
7. Roster (fb:sports.sports_team.roster): links to type Sports team roster, part of Sports Team schema
8. Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
9. Season Record (fb:sports.sports_team.season_record): links to type Sports Team Season Record, part of Sports Team schema
10. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are three relevant properties related to coaches for the Carolina Panthers:
- Coaches (fb:sports.sports_team.coaches)
- Current head coach (fb:american_football.football_team.current_head_coach)
- Historical coaching staff (fb:american_football.football_team.historical_coaching_staff)

To answer the question "who has coached the Carolina Panthers?" comprehensively, I will query for all coaches including current and historical ones using these properties. I will write a SPARQL query that retrieves distinct coaches from these properties.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 1 column:
| coach                        |
| ---------------------------- |
| George Seifert (fb:m.03zbvp) |
| Ron Rivera (fb:m.04g57l)     |
| Dom Capers (fb:m.04tmdx)     |
| John Fox (fb:m.06_73l)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified the Carolina Panthers and used appropriate properties to retrieve all coaches, including current, historical, and tenure-based coaches. The SPARQL query is well-structured with UNIONs to cover different coaching relations, and the result includes four known coaches of the team. The answer is accurate and complete based on the Freebase knowledge graph data. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?superbowl ?year WHERE {
  fb:m.01ct6 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?superbowl .
  ?superbowl fb:time.event.start_date ?date .
  BIND( YEAR( ?date ) AS ?year ) OPTIONAL {
    ?superbowl fb:type.object.name ?name
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?superbowl fb:common.topic.alias ?alias
  }
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( STR( ?name ) ) , "super bowl" ) || CONTAINS( LCASE( STR( ?alias ) ) , "super bowl" ) )
}
ORDER BY ?year

The Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl in the years 2001 and 2013.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year did the baltimore ravens win superbowl?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what year did baltimore ravens win the superbowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01ct6 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01ct6 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:sports.sports_championship_event.championship fb:m.06x5s .
}

Using entities:
Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6): The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team i...NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl appearances., has type American football team
Super Bowl, also known as Superbowl start, Superbowl kickoff what time, Super Bowl NFL, Super bowl played, Superbowl played (fb:m.06x5s): The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National F...ue with 26 wins to 23 wins for the American Football Conference., has type Sports League Championship

Using properties:
Championship (fb:sports.sports_championship_event.championship): part of Sports League Championship Event schema, links to type Sports League Championship
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 2:
Question:
what years have the ravens won the super bowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01ct6 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01ct6 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6): The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team i...NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl appearances., has type American football team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
when did the raiders win the superbowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05l71 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05l71 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Oakland Raiders, also known as The World's Team, The Team of the Decades, The Silver and Black, The Raiders, The Oakland Traitors (fb:m.05l71): The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football franchi...on six division titles and played in six AFC championship games., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, I see that the Baltimore Ravens are identified as fb:m.01ct6 in Freebase, and the property for championships won by a sports team is fb:sports.sports_team.championships. The championships are linked to sports league championship events, which should include the Super Bowl wins.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the years the Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl by retrieving the championship events and their corresponding years.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] It seems the property fb:sports.sports_championship_event.date does not exist or is not used for the championship events in this knowledge graph. I will try to find the properties of the championship events to identify the correct property for the year or date of the event.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property                                            | object                                    |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6) | Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships) | Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv)           |
| Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6) | Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships) | Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq)              |
| Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6) | Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships) | 2013 AFC Championship Game (fb:m.0_gtz8t) |
| Baltimore Ravens (fb:m.01ct6) | Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships) | 2001 AFC Championship Game (fb:m.0_gt_qt) |

[Assistant] The Baltimore Ravens have championships linked to Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) and Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq), as well as some AFC Championship Games. I will now check the properties of these Super Bowl championship events to find the year or date property.

[Tool]
Got 327 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /en/super_bowl_xlvii                                                     |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Super Bowl XLVII (de)                                                    |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=5988403>                  |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.126t0zgjk                                                           |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Sports League Championship Event (fb:m.025b7q2)                          |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | A Super Bowl XLVII a 2012-es NFL... XXXVIII-on a himnuszt énekelte. (hu) |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.0642vqz                                                             |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Super Bowl 2013 (en)                                                     |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)                 | Location(s) (fb:m.02yxmnn)                                               |
| ...                             | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] I found that Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) has an alias "Super Bowl 2013" which suggests it was held in 2013. I will check the properties of the other Super Bowl championship (fb:m.076yq) to see if it has a similar alias or date information.

[Tool]
Got 212 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /en/super_bowl_xxxv                                                      |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Super Bowl XXXV (da)                                                     |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/index.html?curid=294034>                   |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1256kt6z4                                                           |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Super bowl (fb:m.01xljv1)                                                |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | A Super Bowl XXXV a 2000-es NFL-...őzést a Baltimore Ravens nyerte. (hu) |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.076yw                                                               |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Pronunciation (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation)    | fb:g.125_p640x                                                           |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Start date (fb:time.event.start_date)                               | 2001-01-28 (xsd:date)                                                    |
| ...                          | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant]
Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) has a start date property (fb:time.event.start_date) with the value 2001-01-28, which indicates it was held in 2001.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the years of the Super Bowl championships won by the Baltimore Ravens using the start date property.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| superbowl                                 | year           |
| ----------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq)              | 2001 (xsd:int) |
| 2001 AFC Championship Game (fb:m.0_gt_qt) | 2001 (xsd:int) |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv)           | 2013 (xsd:int) |
| 2013 AFC Championship Game (fb:m.0_gtz8t) | 2013 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies the years 2001 and 2013 when the Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl. However, the SPARQL query also returns AFC Championship Games from those years, which are not Super Bowls. The query should be refined to filter results to only include Super Bowl events, excluding other championship games. This can be done by adding a condition to ensure the championship event is a Super Bowl. This refinement will make the answer more precise and aligned with the user's question.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to include only the Super Bowl championship events by filtering the results to those that are of the type "Super bowl" or have a label indicating they are Super Bowls. I will check the type or label of the championship events to filter accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property                   | object                                                                 |
| ------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Non-Agent (fb:base.type_ontology.non_agent)                            |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Abstract (fb:base.type_ontology.abstract)                              |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Inanimate (fb:base.type_ontology.inanimate)                            |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Event (fb:time.event)                                                  |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Sports League Championship Event (fb:sports.sports_championship_event) |

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                   | object                                                                 |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Non-Agent (fb:base.type_ontology.non_agent)                            |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Abstract (fb:base.type_ontology.abstract)                              |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Inanimate (fb:base.type_ontology.inanimate)                            |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Event (fb:time.event)                                                  |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Literature Subject (fb:book.book_subject)                              |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Sports League Championship Event (fb:sports.sports_championship_event) |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Topic (fb:base.events.topic)                                           |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Assembly of people (fb:base.fight.crowd_event)                         |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq) | Type (fb:type.object.type) | Performance or entertainment event (fb:base.events.performance_event)  |
| ...                          | ...                        | ...                                                                    |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property                              | object               |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias) | Super Bowl 2013 (en) |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias) | Super Bowl 47 (en)   |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
The Super Bowl championship events have the type fb:sports.sports_championship_event, but so do the AFC Championship Games. The Super Bowl XLVII has aliases indicating it is a Super Bowl, but Super Bowl XXXV does not have aliases listed.

To filter only Super Bowl events, I will add a filter to check if the label or alias contains "Super Bowl" or "Superbowl" (case insensitive) for the championship events. I will write a refined SPARQL query with this filter.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| superbowl                       | year           |
| ------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Super Bowl XXXV (fb:m.076yq)    | 2001 (xsd:int) |
| Super Bowl XLVII (fb:m.0642vqv) | 2013 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the years in which the Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl by querying their championships and filtering for events named or aliased as 'Super Bowl'. The results show the correct years 2001 and 2013, matching known historical data. The query follows the rules by returning identifiers and years without additional computation outside SPARQL. Therefore, the answer is accurate and complete.