PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?championship ?championshipLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0xbm fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?championship .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?championship rdfs:label ?championshipLabel FILTER ( lang( ?championshipLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?championshipLabel

Got 21 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| championship                      | championshipLabel      |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| 1929–30 FA Cup (fb:m.04yh2vj)     | 1929–30 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1935–36 FA Cup (fb:m.04n49t3)     | 1935–36 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1949–50 FA Cup (fb:m.04mzvs3)     | 1949–50 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1970–71 FA Cup (fb:m.04jjvq6)     | 1970–71 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1978–79 FA Cup (fb:m.04gjljy)     | 1978–79 FA Cup (en)    |
| ...                               | ...                    |
| 2007 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0whznc8)  | 2007 Emirates Cup (en) |
| 2009 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy1r2r)  | 2009 Emirates Cup (en) |
| 2010 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy07zy)  | 2010 Emirates Cup (en) |
| 2013–14 FA Cup (fb:m.0vptrcs)     | 2013–14 FA Cup (en)    |
| 2014 FA Cup Final (fb:m.0107yw1k) | 2014 FA Cup Final (en) |

The knowledge graph does not explicitly list the years Arsenal won the league separately. Arsenal has won various championships including FA Cups and other trophies. Unfortunately, the specific league win years are not clearly available in the data.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] when did arsenal won the league?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
when did the lakers win the championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jmk7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jmk7 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Los Angeles Lakers, also known as The Lakers, Showtime, Minneapolis Lakers, LA Lakers, Lakers (fb:m.0jmk7): The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball t...Lakers in honor of the state's nickname, "Land of 10,000 Lakes"., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 2:
Question:
when did the houston rockets win the championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jmfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jmfb fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Houston Rockets, also known as Rockets, San Diego Rockets (fb:m.0jmfb): The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team...ouston to the conference finals in his first year with the team., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
when did the red sox win the pennant?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01d5z ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01d5z fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Boston Red Sox, also known as The Olde Towne Team, The Sox, Red Sox, Boston Americans, BoSox (fb:m.01d5z): The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team ba...86-year wait before the team's sixth World Championship in 2004., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

[Assistant] From the examples, it looks like the property fb:sports.sports_team.championships is used to find the championships or league wins of a sports team. Next, I will search for the entity "Arsenal" in the knowledge graph to find its identifier. Then I will use the championships property to find when Arsenal won the league.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arsenal F.C., also known as Woolwich Arsenal, The Gunners, Royal Arsenal, Dial Square, Arsenal Gunners (fb:m.0xbm): Arsenal Football Club is a Premier League football club in Hollo...ion football club in the world, valued at £1.3 billion, in 2014., has type Football team
2. Arsenal (fb:m.01b41j): An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, mainta...l vehicle which is only operational in certain times of the day., has type Building function
3. Arsenal (fb:m.0dmjtl): Arsenal is a Soviet film by Ukrainian director Alexander Dovzhen...pacifist sentiments in films by Jean Renoir and Stanley Kubrick., has type Film
4. Arsenal (fb:m.01nd5l9): Arsenal is an electronic music band consisting of Belgian musici...rican and Latin American rhythms to pop, hip hop and indie rock., has type Musical Group
5. Roy Harper, also known as Arsenal (fb:m.034tm2): Roy Harper is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe. T...ird season as the partner, sidekick and student of Oliver Queen., Roy Harper is a fictional character from 2012 television series Arrow., has type Comic Book Character
6. Arsenal (fb:m.0bmkhbs): Arsenal is a ghost station on the Paris métro, situated on line ...stille and Quai de la Rapée, in the 4th arrondissement of Paris., has type Location
7. Arsenal (fb:m.02vqq6l): Arsenal is a fictional character, a robot that appears in comic ...n Iron Man #114 and was created by Bill Mantlo and Keith Giffen., has type Comic Book Character
8. Arsenal (fb:m.03f0qjh): Arsenal was an American band, formed by the former Big Black gui...actory Smog Is a Sign of Progress, also on Touch and Go Records., has type Musical Group
9. Arsenal (fb:m.02rpz8v): The Arsenal is a former military complex of buildings in the sou...ely a few workshop buildings within the courtyard were replaced., has type Building
10. Arsenal, also known as Arsenal de Metz (fb:m.0k31b9b): The Arsenal Concert Hall is a cultural venue dedicated specially...showroom and concert hall for the Gregorian chant, respectively., has type Venue

[Assistant] The entity "Arsenal F.C." with the identifier fb:m.0xbm corresponds to the Arsenal football club. From the examples, the property fb:sports.sports_team.championships is used to find championships or league wins of a sports team. I will now query the championships of Arsenal F.C. to find when Arsenal won the league.

[Tool]
Got 21 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| championship                                        | championshipLabel                         |
| --------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| 2014 FA Cup Final (fb:m.0107yw1k)                   | 2014 FA Cup Final (en)                    |
| 2002 FA Cup Final (fb:m.027_jwt)                    | 2002 FA Cup Final (en)                    |
| 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup Final (fb:m.03cwv1k) | 1994 European Cup Winners' Cup Final (en) |
| 2004–05 FA Cup (fb:m.03ntmq0)                       | 2004–05 FA Cup (en)                       |
| 1992–93 FA Cup (fb:m.03qp0n6)                       | 1992–93 FA Cup (en)                       |
| ...                                                 | ...                                       |
| 1992–93 Football League Cup (fb:m.0hhr2_3)          | 1992–93 Football League Cup (en)          |
| 2013–14 FA Cup (fb:m.0vptrcs)                       | 2013–14 FA Cup (en)                       |
| 2007 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0whznc8)                    | 2007 Emirates Cup (en)                    |
| 2010 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy07zy)                    | 2010 Emirates Cup (en)                    |
| 2009 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy1r2r)                    | 2009 Emirates Cup (en)                    |

[Assistant] The championships listed for Arsenal include various cup finals and cup wins, but I do not see a direct mention of league wins in the results. I will now search for properties related to "league" or "league win" for Arsenal F.C. to find a more specific property that indicates league wins.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. League (fb:soccer.football_team.league): links to type Football League Participation, part of Football team schema
2. Sport (fb:sports.sports_team.sport): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Sport
3. Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
4. Sports Team Location (fb:sports.sports_team.location): links to type Sports Team Location, part of Sports Team schema
5. Player statistics (fb:soccer.football_team.player_statistics): links to type Football player stats, part of Football team schema
6. Matches (fb:soccer.football_team.matches): links to type Football Match, part of Football team schema
7. Roster (fb:sports.sports_team.roster): links to type Sports team roster, part of Sports Team schema
8. Borrowed Players (fb:soccer.football_team.borrowed_players): links to type Football Player Loan, part of Football team schema
9. Season rankings (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_team_extra.season_rankings): links to type Sports league season ranking, part of Sports team extra schema
10. Arena/Stadium (fb:sports.sports_team.arena_stadium): links to type Sports Facility, part of Sports Team schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "Season rankings" (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_team_extra.season_rankings) which might contain information about the league seasons and rankings of Arsenal. I will explore this property to see if it contains the years Arsenal won the league.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| seasonRanking | seasonRankingLabel |
| ------------- | ------------------ |
| fb:m.010hf0tw |                    |

[Assistant] There is one season ranking entity linked to Arsenal, but it does not have a label. I will now explore the details of this season ranking entity to see if it contains information about the years Arsenal won the league.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject       | property                                                           | object                                                                            |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.010hf0tw | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                         | Sports league season ranking (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_league_season_ranking) |
| fb:m.010hf0tw | Team (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_league_season_ranking.team)     | Arsenal F.C. (fb:m.0xbm)                                                          |
| fb:m.010hf0tw | Season (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_league_season_ranking.season) | 2013–14 Premier League (fb:m.0r4t7p1)                                             |
| fb:m.010hf0tw | Rank (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_league_season_ranking.rank)     | 4                                                                                |
| fb:m.010hf0tw | rdf:type                                                           | Sports league season ranking (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_league_season_ranking) |

[Assistant] The season ranking entity fb:m.010hf0tw shows Arsenal's rank 4 in the 2013-14 Premier League season. I will now query for all season rankings of Arsenal where the rank is 1, which indicates winning the league. I will retrieve the seasons for those rankings.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no entries for Arsenal with rank 1 in the season rankings, which means this property does not contain information about the league wins. I will try another approach by searching for properties related to "league win" or "league title" for Arsenal F.C. to find a more specific property that indicates league wins.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. League (fb:soccer.football_team.league): links to type Football League Participation, part of Football team schema
2. Sport (fb:sports.sports_team.sport): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Sport
3. Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
4. Player statistics (fb:soccer.football_team.player_statistics): links to type Football player stats, part of Football team schema
5. Matches (fb:soccer.football_team.matches): links to type Football Match, part of Football team schema
6. Sports Team Location (fb:sports.sports_team.location): links to type Sports Team Location, part of Sports Team schema
7. Loaned Players (fb:soccer.football_team.loaned_players): links to type Football Player Loan, part of Football team schema
8. Borrowed Players (fb:soccer.football_team.borrowed_players): links to type Football Player Loan, part of Football team schema
9. Manager (fb:soccer.football_team.manager): links to type Football Team Management Tenure, part of Football team schema
10. Season rankings (fb:base.schemastaging.sports_team_extra.season_rankings): links to type Sports league season ranking, part of Sports team extra schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for "league win" did not yield any new properties beyond what we already explored. The best property related to championships is fb:sports.sports_team.championships, which includes various cup wins but not explicitly league wins. It is possible that league wins are included in this property but not explicitly labeled as such.

I will refine the query to check if any of the championships linked to Arsenal are specifically related to the "English Premier League" or "First Division" (historical top league in England) to identify league wins. I will filter the championships by these keywords in their labels.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There are no championships explicitly labeled as "Premier League" or "First Division" in the championships property for Arsenal. This suggests that the league wins might not be directly recorded under the championships property or labeled differently.

I will now try to search for entities related to "Arsenal league wins" to see if there is a specific entity or event that represents Arsenal's league wins.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent (fb:m.0vpmnp3): Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association foo...y formed Premier League, of which they were an inaugural member., has type Organization
2. Major League Baseball all-time managerial wins (fb:m.094fzwx)
3. Arsenal F.C., also known as Woolwich Arsenal, The Gunners, Royal Arsenal, Dial Square, Arsenal Gunners (fb:m.0xbm): Arsenal Football Club is a Premier League football club in Hollo...ion football club in the world, valued at £1.3 billion, in 2014., has type Football team
4. League, also known as Leagues (fb:m.050f99): A league is a unit of length. It was long common in Europe and L...ddle Ages, many values have been specified in several countries., has type Unit of Length
5. Arsenal (fb:m.01b41j): An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, mainta...l vehicle which is only operational in certain times of the day., has type Building function
6. Arsenal (fb:m.0dmjtl): Arsenal is a Soviet film by Ukrainian director Alexander Dovzhen...pacifist sentiments in films by Jean Renoir and Stanley Kubrick., has type Film
7. Arsenal (fb:m.01nd5l9): Arsenal is an electronic music band consisting of Belgian musici...rican and Latin American rhythms to pop, hip hop and indie rock., has type Musical Group
8. Roy Harper, also known as Arsenal (fb:m.034tm2): Roy Harper is a fictional superhero in the DC Comics Universe. T...ird season as the partner, sidekick and student of Oliver Queen., Roy Harper is a fictional character from 2012 television series Arrow., has type Comic Book Character
9. Sports Association, also known as Division, Sports League, League, Conference (fb:m.025b7ln): This type represents a collection of teams. There are also gener...epresent a hierarchy such as 'league', 'conference', 'division'.
10. Arsenal (fb:m.0bmkhbs): Arsenal is a ghost station on the Paris métro, situated on line ...stille and Quai de la Rapée, in the 4th arrondissement of Paris., has type Location

[Assistant]
There is an entity "Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent" (fb:m.0vpmnp3) which might contain detailed information about Arsenal's league records. However, it is not clear if it contains the years Arsenal won the league.

Since the direct properties and entities related to Arsenal's league wins are not yielding clear results, I will try a different approach. I will search for the property "winner" or "champion" related to football leagues to see if there is a property that links a league season to its winner. Then I can query the league seasons where Arsenal was the winner.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Winner (fb:user.dharmatech.default_domain.nicaraguan_presidential_election.winner): part of Nicaraguan Presidential Election schema, links to type Person
2. winner (fb:user.ansamcw.default_domain.american_idol_season.winner): part of American Idol Season schema, links to type American Idol winner
3. Winner (fb:base.cdnpolitics.leadership_convention.winner): part of Leadership Convention schema, links to type Politician
4. Winner (fb:user.cheunger.sports_test.sports_event.winner): links to type Sports Event Winner, part of Sports Event schema
5. Winner (fb:base.survivor.survivor_season.winner): part of Survivor Season schema, links to type Survivor Winner
6. Winner (fb:cricket.cricket_match.winner): part of Cricket Match schema, links to type Cricket Team
7. Winner (fb:tennis.tennis_match.winner): links to type Tennis Player, part of Tennis Match schema
8. Winner (fb:award.competition.winner): part of Competition schema, links to type Competitor
9. Winner (fb:tennis.tennis_tournament_championship.winner): part of Tennis Tournament Championship schema, links to type Tennis Tournament Champion
10. Winner(s) (fb:user.cheunger.mw_ping_pong.match.winner): links to type Player, part of Match schema

[Assistant] There is a property "Winner" (fb:user.cheunger.sports_test.sports_event.winner) related to sports events. I will now search for football league seasons or events to see if they have a winner property that can be linked to Arsenal. I will search for entities related to "English football league season" or "Premier League season".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. English football league 1888-1889 season (fb:m.0f7cqv): has type Sports League Season
2. Football League Season (fb:soccer.football_league_season)
3. Football League Season (fb:m.066mrpn): A season of a league is a competition held over a period of time...discrete series of football matches, in which teams participate.
4. Football League Season (fb:m.066mrq1)
5. English football league system (fb:m.02qj_7): The English football league system, also known as the football p...sed men's clubs play outside the English football league system., has type Football League System
6. 1969 American Football League season (fb:m.02r944y): The 1969 American Football League season was the tenth regular s...e National Football League's Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV., has type Sports League Season
7. 1967 American Football League season (fb:m.02r9cm5): The 1967 American Football League season was the eighth regular ...e National Football League's Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl II., has type Sports League Season
8. 1965 American Football League season (fb:m.02r9g1y): The 1965 American Football League season was the sixth regular s... AFL-NFL World Championship game, known today as the Super Bowl., has type Sports League Season
9. 1966 American Football League season (fb:m.02r9cy4): The 1966 American Football League season was the seventh regular...FL World Championship Game which is now known as the Super Bowl., has type Sports League Season
10. 1968 American Football League season (fb:m.02r95_0): The 1968 American Football League season was the ninth regular s...n Super Bowl III in one of the biggest sports upsets in history., has type Sports League Season

[Assistant] There is an entity "English football league 1888-1889 season" (fb:m.0f7cqv) which is a sports league season. I will check if this entity or similar league season entities have a winner property that links to Arsenal or other teams. I will query for league seasons with a winner property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] There are no football league seasons with the property fb:user.cheunger.sports_test.sports_event.winner indicating the winner. I will try a different property "winner" from the cricket match schema (fb:cricket.cricket_match.winner) to see if there is a similar property for football matches or seasons. I will search for properties related to "winner" in the soccer or football domain.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Winning Team (fb:base.marchmadness.ncaa_basketball_tournament_game.winning_team): part of NCAA Basketball Tournament Game schema, links to type NCAA Basketball Team
2. Football Team (fb:base.footballcoaches.defensive_coaching_tenure.football_team): part of Current Coaching Tenure schema, links to type Football Team
3. Winning Score (fb:base.marchmadness.ncaa_basketball_tournament_game.winning_score): part of NCAA Basketball Tournament Game schema, links to type Integer
4. Winner (fb:base.survivor.survivor_season.winner): part of Survivor Season schema, links to type Survivor Winner
5. Winner (fb:tennis.tennis_match.winner): links to type Tennis Player, part of Tennis Match schema
6. Winner (fb:award.competition.winner): part of Competition schema, links to type Competitor
7. Winner (fb:tennis.tennis_tournament_championship.winner): part of Tennis Tournament Championship schema, links to type Tennis Tournament Champion
8. Winner (fb:user.dharmatech.default_domain.nicaraguan_presidential_election.winner): part of Nicaraguan Presidential Election schema, links to type Person
9. winner (fb:user.ansamcw.default_domain.american_idol_season.winner): part of American Idol Season schema, links to type American Idol winner
10. Winner (fb:base.cdnpolitics.leadership_convention.winner): part of Leadership Convention schema, links to type Politician

[Assistant]
There is no clear property related to "winner" in football or soccer league seasons. The property fb:sports.sports_team.championships seems to be the best candidate for championships including league wins, but the data does not explicitly label league wins.

Given the limitations, I will provide the years Arsenal won major championships as listed under fb:sports.sports_team.championships, which may include league wins and other major trophies. This is the best available information in the knowledge graph.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The system returned a list of championships Arsenal won, but the user specifically asked about when Arsenal won the league. The current query retrieves various championships including FA Cups and other trophies, but does not filter for league titles. The query should be refined to specifically retrieve league championship wins, for example by filtering the championships to those that are league titles or by checking the type or category of the championship to ensure it is a league win. Additionally, the answer should clearly state the years Arsenal won the league, not just list all championships. This will make the answer more relevant and precise to the user's question.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query to specifically retrieve the league titles Arsenal won by filtering the championships to those that are league titles. I will check if the championships have a type or category indicating a league title and filter accordingly. Then I will provide the years Arsenal won the league in the answer.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| championship                      | championshipLabel      |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| 1929–30 FA Cup (fb:m.04yh2vj)     | 1929–30 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1935–36 FA Cup (fb:m.04n49t3)     | 1935–36 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1949–50 FA Cup (fb:m.04mzvs3)     | 1949–50 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1970–71 FA Cup (fb:m.04jjvq6)     | 1970–71 FA Cup (en)    |
| 1978–79 FA Cup (fb:m.04gjljy)     | 1978–79 FA Cup (en)    |
| ...                               | ...                    |
| 2005 FA Cup Final (fb:m.0f5959)   | 2005 FA Cup Final (en) |
| 2009 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy1r2r)  | 2009 Emirates Cup (en) |
| 2010 Emirates Cup (fb:m.0wy07zy)  | 2010 Emirates Cup (en) |
| 2013–14 FA Cup (fb:m.0vptrcs)     | 2013–14 FA Cup (en)    |
| 2014 FA Cup Final (fb:m.0107yw1k) | 2014 FA Cup Final (en) |

[Assistant]
The filtered championships still show mostly FA Cup and other cup titles, not league titles. It seems the type or category labeling does not clearly distinguish league titles.

I will try another approach by filtering the championships with keywords "First Division" or "Premier League" in their labels, which are the names of the top English football leagues Arsenal could have won. This should help identify league wins more precisely.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There are no championships explicitly labeled as "First Division" or "Premier League" in the championships property for Arsenal. This suggests that league wins might not be directly recorded under the championships property or labeled differently.

I will now try to find league titles by checking if there is a property or entity related to "English football league champions" or "Arsenal league titles" that can give us the years Arsenal won the league.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Football League Championship, also known as npower Championship, The Championship (fb:m.0355pl): The Football League Championship is the second-highest division ...unners up, and Norwich City were the promotion play-off winners., has type Football League
2. English football league system (fb:m.02qj_7): The English football league system, also known as the football p...sed men's clubs play outside the English football league system., has type Football League System
3. 1888–89 Football League, also known as 1888/89 Football League Championship, The Football League 1888-89 (fb:m.03d1ngh): The 1888–1889 Football League was the first edition of the Footb...ng the first team to complete the English League and Cup double., has type Sports League Season
4. 2011–12 Football League Championship (fb:m.0glprmm): The 2011–12 Football League Championship was the eighth season o... top division after narrowly missing out on automatic promotion., has type Football League Season
5. 2012–13 Football League Championship, also known as Npower Football League Championship (fb:m.0j9q996): The 2012–13 Football League Championship was the ninth season of... and became the second Welsh club to play in the Premier League., has type Football League Season
6. 2014–15 Football League Championship (fb:m.010ffnb2): The 2014–15 Football League Championship, was the eleventh seaso... 2014–15 season began on 8 August 2014, and ended on 2 May 2015., has type Football League Season
7. 2010–11 Football League Championship (fb:m.0bh9lyv): The 2010–11 Football League Championship was the seventh season ...thorpe United and Sheffield United were relegated to League One., has type Football League Season
8. 2009–10 Football League Championship, also known as Football League Championship 2009–10 (fb:m.063yvgw): The 2009–10 Football League Championship is the sixth season of ...its current league division format. It started on 7 August 2009., has type Sports League Season
9. 2013–14 Football League Championship (fb:m.0rph24s): The 2013–14 Football League Championship was the tenth season of...4, with all matches on the final day kicking off simultaneously., has type Football League Season
10. 2008–09 Football League Championship, also known as Football League Championship 2008–09 (fb:m.04gks_x): The 2008–09 Football League Championship was the sixth season of...d been in with a chance of automatic promotion on the final day., has type Sports League Season

[Assistant]
There are entities for various Football League seasons, but these are mostly for the Football League Championship, which is the second-highest division, not the top league.

I will now try to find the property "winner" or "champion" for these Football League seasons to see if Arsenal is listed as the winner in any of these seasons. I will query for Football League seasons where Arsenal is the winner.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no football league seasons where Arsenal is listed as the winner using the property fb:user.cheunger.sports_test.sports_event.winner.

Given the limitations of the data, I will provide the best available information by listing the championships Arsenal won, noting that the knowledge graph does not explicitly list league wins separately. This is the most precise answer I can provide based on the data.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query retrieves a list of championships Arsenal has won, but it mainly returns FA Cup and other cup competitions rather than the league titles. The user's question specifically asks for the years Arsenal won the league, which typically refers to the top division league titles (e.g., English First Division or Premier League). The query should be refined to filter for league championships only, possibly by checking the type or name of the championship to include only league titles. Additionally, the answer should explicitly list the years Arsenal won the league rather than just stating the data is not clearly available. Improving the query to target league wins will provide a more precise and complete answer.

[Assistant] I understand the need to specifically target league titles that Arsenal won, typically the English First Division or Premier League titles. I will refine the query to filter championships by keywords related to league titles such as "First Division" or "Premier League" in their labels to specifically retrieve league wins. Then I will list the years Arsenal won the league explicitly in the answer.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The refined query still returns no results for league titles with keywords like "First Division," "Premier League," "league title," or "league champions" in the championships property for Arsenal.

Given the limitations of the data in explicitly labeling league wins, I will now try to find the years Arsenal won the English top division league by searching for entities related to "Arsenal league title" or "Arsenal league championship" to see if there is a specific entity or event that represents Arsenal's league title wins. Then I can query the years from those entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent (fb:m.0vpmnp3): Arsenal Football Club is an English professional association foo...y formed Premier League, of which they were an inaugural member., has type Organization
2. Major League Baseball titles leaders (fb:m.0119zd5y): At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league lead...ur or more titles in a category. Active players are highlighted.
3. Major League Baseball titles streaks (fb:m.0118dn8t): At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league lead...s without leading either league. Active streaks are highlighted.
4. Major League Baseball titles leaders (fb:m.094fzq6)
5. Major League Baseball titles streaks (fb:m.094fzpt)
6. Arsenal F.C., also known as Woolwich Arsenal, The Gunners, Royal Arsenal, Dial Square, Arsenal Gunners (fb:m.0xbm): Arsenal Football Club is a Premier League football club in Hollo...ion football club in the world, valued at £1.3 billion, in 2014., has type Football team
7. League, also known as Leagues (fb:m.050f99): A league is a unit of length. It was long common in Europe and L...ddle Ages, many values have been specified in several countries., has type Unit of Length
8. Arsenal (fb:m.01b41j): An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, mainta...l vehicle which is only operational in certain times of the day., has type Building function
9. Title (fb:m.01gzf8): A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain... may be inserted before a last name. Some titles are hereditary., American Ballet Theatre at the Met
10. Title (fb:m.06whss2)

[Assistant]
There is an entity "Arsenal F.C. league record by opponent" (fb:m.0vpmnp3) but it does not seem to directly represent league title wins.

Given the lack of explicit league title data, I will try a different approach: I will query the championships of Arsenal and filter out those that are not cup competitions (e.g., FA Cup, Emirates Cup) by excluding keywords related to cups. This might leave league titles if they are labeled differently. Then I will list those as potential league wins.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
Filtering out cup competitions and finals results in no remaining championships for Arsenal. This suggests that league titles might not be separately or clearly labeled in the championships property.

Given the limitations of the data, I will provide the best available information by stating that the knowledge graph does not explicitly list the years Arsenal won the league separately. Arsenal has won various championships including FA Cups and other trophies, but specific league win years are not clearly available in the data.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?husband WHERE {
  fb:m.02pn7 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?marriage .
  ?marriage fb:people.marriage.spouse ?husband .
  FILTER ( ?husband != fb:m.02pn7 )
}

Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| husband                |
| ---------------------- |
| Xerxes I (fb:m.0cjm1)  |
| Ahasuerus (fb:m.0hy00) |

Esther's husband is Ahasuerus, who is often identified with Xerxes I. The knowledge graph lists both names as her husband, but they refer to the same historical figure.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was esther's husband?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what city did esther live in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02pn7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02pn7 fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Esther (fb:m.02pn7): Esther, born Hadassah, is the eponymous heroine of the Book of E...y is the basis for the celebration of Purim in Jewish tradition., has type Art Subject

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who did joseph from the bible marry?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0197d5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0197d5 fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
}

Using entities:
Joseph in Islam, also known as Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm, Yusuf, Yosef, Joseph (fb:m.0197d5): Yūsuf ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm is an Islamic prophet fou...aling a dream to his father, which Jacob recognizes as a vision., Joseph is an important person in the Hebrew Bible: his story con... According to the book of Jubilees, Joseph was born on 1 Tammuz., has type Person Or Being In Fiction

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who is angelina jolie's husband?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f4vbz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f4vbz fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.marriage.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.marriage.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.marriage.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:people.marriage.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) ?y fb:people.marriage.from ?sk4 .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk4 ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice
Angelina Jolie, also known as AJ, Angie, Angelina Jolie Voight, Angelina, Ange (fb:m.0f4vbz): Angelina Jolie Pitt is an American actress, filmmaker, and human... the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey and Unbroken., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
From (fb:people.marriage.from): links to type Date/Time, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
To (fb:people.marriage.to): links to type Date/Time, part of Marriage schema
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
The similar examples show that the property fb:people.person.spouse_s is used to link a person to a marriage entity, and then the marriage entity has the property fb:people.marriage.spouse to link to the spouse.

Next, I will search for the entity "Esther" in the freebase knowledge graph to identify the correct entity I should use in the query.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Madonna, also known as Nonnie, Madonna Ciccone Ritchie, Madonna Louise Ciccone, Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie, Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone (fb:m.01vs_v8): Madonna Louise Ciccone is an American singer, songwriter, actres...mmy Award winners Ray of Light and Confessions on a Dance Floor., has type Celebrity
2. Orphan, also known as Siroce, Órfã, Sierota, Ottolapsi, Orphan - Das Waisenkind (fb:m.047trvs): Orphan is a 2009 American psychological thriller film directed b...reviews, although Fuhrman's performance as Esther was acclaimed., has type Film
3. Esther (fb:m.02pn7): Esther, born Hadassah, is the eponymous heroine of the Book of E...y is the basis for the celebration of Purim in Jewish tradition., has type Art Subject
4. Esther Cañadas, also known as Esther, esther_canadas, Esther Canadas (fb:m.09h0bt): Esther Cañadas is a Spanish actress and model., has type Film actor
5. Esther, also known as Die Bibel - Esther, The Bible: Esther, Raamattu: Ester, Prigipissa Esthir, I Vivlos - Esthir (fb:m.0bwgtxf): Esther, also known as The Bible: Esther, is a 1999 American-Ital...ti as Vashti. It aired in the United States on November 5, 2000., has type Film
6. Esther, also known as Esther Adam (fb:m.0qb5mjj): has type Musical Artist
7. Chan Ye-cheng, also known as Esther Wong, Yee-Gan Chan, Ye-cheng Chan, Esther, Chan Ye Cheng (fb:m.0jz54f): Chan Ye-cheng is a film producer and the wife of director Wong Kar-wai., has type Film producer
8. Esther, also known as HWV.50 (fb:m.0dqcw7): Esther is an oratorio by George Frideric Handel. It is generally...d in 1718, but was heavily revised into a full oratorio in 1732., has type Composition
9. Esther (fb:m.03ckgxs): Esther is a play in three acts written in 1689 by the French dra...d to Racine's 1691 biblical play written for Maintenon, Athalie., has type Play
10. Esther... The Girl Who Became Queen, also known as Esther, Esther, the Girl Who Became Queen, Esther... The Girl Who Became Queen (fb:m.06z3_j7): A VeggieTales of Queen Esther and her struggle to save her peopl... the Island of Perpetual Tickling (IPT) by her husband the king., has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity "Esther" that fits the context of the biblical figure is fb:m.02pn7. Now I will search for the properties related to spouse or husband for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
2. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
5. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
6. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
7. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
8. Official name (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.official_name): part of Context name schema, links to type Text
9. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property fb:people.person.spouse_s is the relevant property for spouse or husband for Esther. I will now construct a SPARQL query to find Esther's husband using this property.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| husband                |
| ---------------------- |
| Esther (fb:m.02pn7)    |
| Xerxes I (fb:m.0cjm1)  |
| Ahasuerus (fb:m.0hy00) |

[Assistant]
The query results show three entities as Esther's husbands: Esther herself (which is likely an artifact), Xerxes I, and Ahasuerus. Historically, Esther's husband is known as Ahasuerus, who is often identified with Xerxes I. To be precise, I will provide both Xerxes I and Ahasuerus as the answer.

Now I will finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves Esther's husbands, but the result includes Esther herself as a husband, which is incorrect. The query should be refined to exclude Esther from the list of spouses. Additionally, the answer should clarify that Xerxes I and Ahasuerus refer to the same historical figure, as Ahasuerus is often identified with Xerxes I, to avoid confusion. Improving the query to filter out Esther and providing a clearer explanation would enhance the answer's accuracy and clarity.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to exclude Esther herself from the list of spouses. Additionally, I will clarify in the answer that Xerxes I and Ahasuerus refer to the same historical figure.

I will now update the query to filter out Esther (fb:m.02pn7) from the results.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| husband                |
| ---------------------- |
| Xerxes I (fb:m.0cjm1)  |
| Ahasuerus (fb:m.0hy00) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the spouses of Esther by navigating from Esther to her marriages and then to the spouses in those marriages, excluding Esther herself. The result includes both Ahasuerus and Xerxes I, which is accurate since they refer to the same historical figure. The answer clearly explains this and provides the relevant context. The query and answer follow the rules and provide a complete and correct response to the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?school WHERE {
  fb:m.02z3d24 fb:people.person.education ?education .
  ?education fb:education.education.institution ?school .
}

Spencer Pratt went to the University of Southern California.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did spencer pratt go to school?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where does spencer pratt go to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02z3d24 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02z3d24 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
Spencer Pratt, also known as Spencer William Pratt (fb:m.02z3d24): Spencer William Pratt is an American television personality. In ...Apostol discuss current events, reality TV, and their own lives., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where george washington carver go to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03djm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03djm fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
George Washington Carver (fb:m.03djm): George Washington Carver, was an American botanist and inventor....r's work on peanuts was intended to provide an alternative crop., has type Inventor

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where did james baldwin go to school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.017_pb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.017_pb fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
}

Using entities:
James Baldwin, also known as James Arthur Baldwin (fb:m.017_pb): James Arthur Baldwin was an American novelist, essayist, playwri..., Go Tell It on the Mountain, is said to be his best-known work., has type Author

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, we see that the entity for Spencer Pratt is fb:m.02z3d24. The property for education is fb:people.person.education, and the property for the institution of education is fb:education.education.institution.

I will now write a SPARQL query to find the educational institutions where Spencer Pratt went to school.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| school                                           |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| University of Southern California (fb:m.065y4w7) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the educational institution associated with Spencer Pratt using the property fb:people.person.education and fb:education.education.institution. The result, University of Southern California, matches the answer provided. The query is well-formed, returns the identifier of the school, and the answer is complete and accurate. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?awardCategory ?awardCategoryLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.04wqr fb:award.award_winner.awards_won ?award .
  ?award fb:award.award_honor.award ?awardCategory .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?awardCategory rdfs:label ?awardCategoryLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "en" || lang( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "" )
  }
}

SPARQL execution failed:
Operation timed out. Last operation: Filter ( lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "en" || lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "" )

Marilyn Monroe won several awards including categories such as "Playboy Playmate" and "Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites." These are the human-readable names of some of the awards she won according to the knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what awards did marilyn monroe won?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what was marilyn monroe known for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04wqr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04wqr fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Marilyn Monroe, also known as Norma Jeane Mortensen, Norma Jeane Baker, Norma Jeane DiMaggio, Norma Jeane Dougherty, Norma Jeane Mortenson (fb:m.04wqr): Marilyn Monroe was an American actress, model, and singer, who b...ved a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award., Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Augus...which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who is marilyn monroe and why is she famous?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04wqr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04wqr fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Marilyn Monroe, also known as Norma Jeane Mortensen, Norma Jeane Baker, Norma Jeane DiMaggio, Norma Jeane Dougherty, Norma Jeane Mortenson (fb:m.04wqr): Marilyn Monroe was an American actress, model, and singer, who b...ved a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award., Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Augus...which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who was marilyn monroe's parents?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04wqr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04wqr fb:people.person.parents ?x .
}

Using entities:
Marilyn Monroe, also known as Norma Jeane Mortensen, Norma Jeane Baker, Norma Jeane DiMaggio, Norma Jeane Dougherty, Norma Jeane Mortenson (fb:m.04wqr): Marilyn Monroe was an American actress, model, and singer, who b...ved a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award., Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – Augus...which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that Marilyn Monroe is identified as fb:m.04wqr in Freebase. The examples show how to query for professions and parents using properties like fb:people.person.profession and fb:people.person.parents.

Now, I will search for properties related to awards for Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.04wqr) to find the appropriate property to query her awards.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Awards Won (fb:award.award_winner.awards_won): part of Award Winner schema, links to type Award Honor
2. Award Nominations (fb:award.award_nominee.award_nominations): links to type Award Nomination, part of Award Nominee schema
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Member of (fb:music.group_member.membership): links to type Musical Group Membership, part of Musician schema
5. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
8. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
9. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
I found that the property "Awards Won" (fb:award.award_winner.awards_won) is used to link an award winner to the awards they have won. This property seems suitable to query the awards Marilyn Monroe has won.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the awards Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.04wqr) has won using this property. I will also include optional labels for the awards for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| award        | awardLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb |            |
| fb:m.07ynmx5 |            |
| fb:m.0c1rc79 |            |
| fb:m.0m20gt1 |            |
| fb:m.0my31c4 |            |

[Assistant] Marilyn Monroe has won 5 awards according to the query results. However, the labels for these awards are not available in English. I will try to get the labels again without the language filter to see if any labels are available in other languages or as plain literals.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| award        | awardLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb |            |
| fb:m.07ynmx5 |            |
| fb:m.0c1rc79 |            |
| fb:m.0m20gt1 |            |
| fb:m.0my31c4 |            |

[Assistant]
The awards Marilyn Monroe won are identified by the following Freebase IDs: fb:m.04yplbb, fb:m.07ynmx5, fb:m.0c1rc79, fb:m.0m20gt1, and fb:m.0my31c4. Unfortunately, there are no labels available for these awards in the knowledge graph.

I will provide the answer with these award identifiers.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the awards Marilyn Monroe won by their Freebase IDs. However, the answer is not very user-friendly because it only provides the IDs without any human-readable labels or names for the awards. To improve the answer, the query should be refined to also retrieve the labels (names) of the awards using rdfs:label or a similar property in an OPTIONAL clause. This will make the answer more informative and understandable for the user.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to include the labels (names) of the awards in an OPTIONAL clause to provide a more user-friendly answer. I will filter the labels to English language if available.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Operation timed out. Last operation: Filter ( lang ( ?awardLabel ) = "en" || lang ( ?awardLabel ) = "" )

[Assistant] The query with the language filter for labels timed out. I will try again without the language filter but still include the labels to see if that works.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| award        | awardLabel |
| ------------ | ---------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb |            |
| fb:m.07ynmx5 |            |
| fb:m.0c1rc79 |            |
| fb:m.0m20gt1 |            |
| fb:m.0my31c4 |            |

[Assistant]
The query without the language filter still does not return any labels for the awards Marilyn Monroe won. It seems the knowledge graph does not have labels for these awards.

I will provide the answer with the award IDs and mention that labels are not available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the awards Marilyn Monroe won by returning their Freebase IDs. However, the answer is not very user-friendly as it only lists the IDs without any human-readable labels or names for the awards. To improve the answer, the query should be refined to also retrieve the rdfs:label or another suitable property for each award to provide meaningful names alongside the IDs. This will make the answer more informative and understandable for the user.

[Assistant]
I understand the importance of providing human-readable labels for the awards to make the answer more user-friendly. Since the direct rdfs:label property did not yield labels, I will try to find alternative properties that might contain the award names or descriptions.

First, I will check the properties of one of the award entities (e.g., fb:m.04yplbb) to see if there are any other properties that might contain a label or name.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                         | object                             |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Type (fb:type.object.type)                       | Award Honor (fb:award.award_honor) |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Award winner (fb:award.award_honor.award_winner) | Marilyn Monroe (fb:m.04wqr)        |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Award category (fb:award.award_honor.award)      | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)     |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Year (fb:award.award_honor.year)                 | 1953-12 (xsd:gYearMonth)           |
| fb:m.04yplbb | rdf:type                                         | Award Honor (fb:award.award_honor) |

[Assistant]
For the award entity fb:m.04yplbb, I found the following properties:
- Type: Award Honor
- Award winner: Marilyn Monroe
- Award category: Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)
- Year: 1953-12

The "Award category" property (fb:award.award_honor.award) seems to link to a category or name of the award. I will try to get the labels of the award categories for all awards Marilyn Monroe won.

I will construct a query to get the award categories and their labels for Marilyn Monroe's awards.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Operation timed out. Last operation: Filter ( lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "en" || lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "" )

[Assistant] The query with the language filter timed out again. I will try the same query without the language filter to see if it works.

[Tool]
Got 167 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| award        | awardCategory                                                        | awardCategoryLabel                                         |
| ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)                                       | Playboy Playmate (ca)                                      |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)                                       | Playboy Playmate (en)                                      |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)                                       | Playboy Playmate (hr)                                      |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)                                       | Playmate (da)                                              |
| fb:m.04yplbb | Playboy Playmate (fb:m.02kgb7)                                       | Playmate (de)                                              |
| ...          | ...                                                                  | ...                                                        |
| fb:m.0my31c4 | Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j) | جایزهٔ هنریتای گلدن گلوب برای برگزیده‌های سینمای جهان (fa) |
| fb:m.0my31c4 | Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j) | गोल्डन ग्लोब हेनरीटा पुरस्कार - वर्ल्ड फ़िल्म फेवरिट्स (hi) |
| fb:m.0my31c4 | Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j) | 골든 글로브 헨리에타상 세계 영화 인기상 (ko)                                |
| fb:m.0my31c4 | Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j) | ゴールデングローブ賞 ヘンリエッタ賞 (ja)                                    |
| fb:m.0my31c4 | Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j) | 金球獎世界電影最愛的Henrietta獎 (zh-Hant)                             |

[Assistant]
I found the award categories for Marilyn Monroe's awards along with their labels in multiple languages. For example, one award category is "Playboy Playmate" and another is "Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites."

I will now refine the query to only return distinct award categories and their English labels for better readability.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Operation timed out. Last operation: Filter ( lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "en" || lang ( ?awardCategoryLabel ) = "" )

[Assistant] The query with the language filter for English labels timed out again. I will try the same query without the language filter but still include the labels to get all labels regardless of language. Then I will filter the results on the client side if needed.

[Tool]
Got 131 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| awardCategory                                                                     | awardCategoryLabel                                                       |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Golden Globe Award for Best Actr...tion Picture – Musical or Comedy (fb:m.019f6s) | Altın Küre Müzikal veya Komedi D... İyi Kadın Sinema Oyuncusu Ödülü (tr) |
| Golden Globe Award for Best Actr...tion Picture – Musical or Comedy (fb:m.019f6s) | „Auksinio gaublio“ apdovanojimas... miuziklo arba komedijos aktorei (lt) |
| Golden Globe Award for Best Actr...tion Picture – Musical or Comedy (fb:m.019f6s) | Giải Quả cầu vàng cho Nữ diễn vi...nhạc hoặc phim hài xuất sắc nhất (vi) |
| Golden Globe Award for Best Actr...tion Picture – Musical or Comedy (fb:m.019f6s) | Globo de Oro a la mejor actriz - Comedia o musical (es)                  |
| Golden Globe Award for Best Actr...tion Picture – Musical or Comedy (fb:m.019f6s) | Golden Globe Award / Beste Hauptdarstellerin – Komödie oder Musical (de) |
| ...                                                                               | ...                                                                      |
| Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j)              | جایزهٔ هنریتای گلدن گلوب برای برگزیده‌های سینمای جهان (fa)               |
| Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j)              | गोल्डन ग्लोब हेनरीटा पुरस्कार - वर्ल्ड फ़िल्म फेवरिट्स (hi)               |
| Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j)              | 골든 글로브 헨리에타상 세계 영화 인기상 (ko)                                              |
| Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j)              | ゴールデングローブ賞 ヘンリエッタ賞 (ja)                                                  |
| Golden Globe Henrietta Award for World Film Favorites (fb:m.0l_d69j)              | 金球獎世界電影最愛的Henrietta獎 (zh-Hant)                                           |

[Assistant]
The query returned many award categories with labels in various languages. I will now filter the results to only include labels in English or without a language tag to provide a user-friendly answer.

I will construct the final query to return distinct award categories and their English or language-neutral labels for Marilyn Monroe's awards.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ( STR( ?name ) AS ?anthemName ) WHERE {
  fb:m.05mtn rdfs:label ?name .
  FILTER ( lang( ?name ) = 'en' )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| anthemName |
| ---------- |
| O Canada   |

The name of the national anthem of Canada (2 words) is 'O Canada'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the name of the national anthem of canada ( 2 words )?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is the second official language of canada?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what are the two major religions in canada?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:location.statistical_region.religions ?y .
  ?y fb:location.religion_percentage.religion ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Religion (fb:location.religion_percentage.religion): part of Religion percentage schema, links to type Religion
Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

Example 3:
Question:
what is the parliament of canada called?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d060g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d060g fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials ?y .
  ?y fb:government.government_position_held.governmental_body ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canada, also known as Canuckistan, Dominion of Canada (fb:m.0d060g): Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three terri...of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion., has type Country

Using properties:
Governmental body (if position is part of one) (fb:government.government_position_held.governmental_body): part of Government Position Held schema, links to type Governmental Body
Governing officials (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.governing_officials): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government Position Held

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that Canada is represented as fb:m.0d060g in Freebase. Now I will search for the national anthem of Canada by looking for properties related to "national anthem" for the entity Canada (fb:m.0d060g).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. National anthem (fb:location.country.national_anthem): links to type National anthem of a country, part of Country schema
2. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
3. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
4. Coat of Arms used (fb:symbols.coat_of_arms_bearer.coat_of_arms_used): part of Coat of Arms Bearer schema, links to type Armorial Grant
5. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
6. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
7. entry (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_subject.entry): part of Taxonomy Subject schema, links to type Taxonomy Entry
8. Armed forces (fb:military.military_combatant.armed_forces): part of Military Combatant schema, links to type Armed Force
9. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
10. Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

No other items found

[Assistant] I found the property for national anthem of a country: fb:location.country.national_anthem. Now I will query the national anthem of Canada using this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query did not return any results for the national anthem of Canada using the property fb:location.country.national_anthem. I will try to search for the entity "national anthem of Canada" directly to see if it exists in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Canada: O Canada, also known as National Anthem of Canada (fb:m.0y74r3): has type Musical Recording
2. National Anthem of Canada (fb:m.0lv02c7)
3. Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada (fb:m.0jt4_9n): Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinc...0 years. The earliest, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812.
4. National anthem of (fb:m.02_8qnz)
5. National anthem of (fb:government.national_anthem.national_anthem_of)
6. Hymn to Liberty, also known as National Anthem of Greece (fb:m.014bwr): The Hymn to Liberty or Hymn to Freedom is a poem written by Dion...m of Greece and, from 1966, also that of the Republic of Cyprus., has type National Anthem
7. National Anthem of Russia, also known as National Anthem of the Russian Federation, Russian National Anthem (fb:m.01ptxd): The State Anthem of the Russian Federation is the name of the of...y to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions., has type National Anthem
8. Himnusz, also known as Magyar himnusz, National Anthem of Hungary (fb:m.014w6b): "Himnusz" is a musical poetic prayer beginning with the words Is...z is sung at the beginning of ceremonies, and Szózat at the end., has type National Anthem
9. Himno Nacional Mexicano, also known as Mexico: Mexicanos, al grito de guerra, National Anthem of Mexico (fb:m.012144): The "Mexican National Anthem", also known as "Mexicans, at the c...nd a chorus, effectively entered into use on September 16, 1854., has type National Anthem
10. National Anthem of Chile (fb:m.01p52): The National Anthem of Chile is also known as Canción Nacional. ... with words by Eusebio Lillo, and has six parts plus the chorus., has type National Anthem

[Assistant] I found an entity "Canada: O Canada, also known as National Anthem of Canada" (fb:m.0y74r3) which is a musical recording and likely the national anthem of Canada. I will now query the label (name) of this entity to confirm.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name                  |
| --------------------- |
| Canada: O Canada (en) |

[Assistant] The name of the national anthem of Canada is "Canada: O Canada". The user asked for a name with 2 words, so the answer is "O Canada". I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query retrieves the label of the entity fb:m.0y74r3, which is 'Canada: O Canada (en)'. However, the label includes extra text 'Canada: ' and the language tag is not properly filtered to return only the string 'O Canada'. The query should be refined to return only the English label of the national anthem, which is 'O Canada', without additional prefixes or suffixes. Also, the query should ensure it returns only the name string, not the full label with the entity name prefix. This will better match the user's question asking specifically for the name of the national anthem of Canada (2 words).

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the label returned includes extra text "Canada: " which is not part of the anthem's name. I will refine the query to get the exact name "O Canada" by searching for an alias or alternative name of the entity fb:m.0y74r3 that matches the two-word name of the anthem. I will also check if there is a property that directly gives the anthem's name without the prefix.

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                        | property                                                            | object                                                                  |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                 |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/musicbrainz/ce3c52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f             |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Canada: O Canada (en)                                                   |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://musicbrainz.org/recording/ce3c52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f> |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1255ljkzj                                                          |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | Musical Recording (fb:m.0kpv11)                                         |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Tracks (fb:music.recording.tracks)                                  | National Anthem of Canada (fb:m.0lv02c7)                                |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Recorded by (fb:music.recording.artist)                             | Seiji Ozawa (fb:m.01vyhhg)                                              |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Length (fb:music.recording.length)                                  | 74.0                                                                    |
| Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0y74r3) | Releases (fb:music.recording.releases)                              | National Anthems: Music of the World (fb:m.03b2j19)                     |
| ...                            | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                     |

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.0y74r3 has a property fb:type.object.name with the value "Canada: O Canada (en)". There is also a related entity for the National Anthem of Canada (fb:m.0lv02c7) linked as a track. I will now check the name of the entity fb:m.0lv02c7 to see if it has a cleaner name "O Canada".

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name                           |
| ------------------------------ |
| National Anthem of Canada (en) |

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.0lv02c7 has the name "National Anthem of Canada" which is not the two-word name we want. I will now try to find aliases or alternative names for the entity fb:m.0y74r3 to see if "O Canada" appears as an alias or alternative name.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] There are no aliases listed for the entity fb:m.0y74r3. I will try to find any other labels or names for this entity by querying all labels and names without filtering by language or property.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| property                              | value                                                               |
| ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fbkey:authority.musicbrainz           | ce3c52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f                                |
| fbkey:authority.musicbrainz.recording | ce3c52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f                                |
| Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias) | National Anthem of Canada (en)                                      |
| Length (fb:music.recording.length)    | 74.0                                                                |
| Key (fb:type.object.key)              | /authority/musicbrainz/ce3c52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f         |
| Key (fb:type.object.key)              | /authority/musicbrainz/recording...52be-efaa-4b8a-80ee-ae8779817c7f |
| Name (fb:type.object.name)            | Canada: O Canada (en)                                               |
| Name (fb:type.object.name)            | Canada: O Canada (mul)                                              |
| rdfs:label                            | Canada: O Canada (en)                                               |
| rdfs:label                            | Canada: O Canada (mul)                                              |

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.0y74r3 has an alias "National Anthem of Canada" and a name/label "Canada: O Canada". There is no direct property with just "O Canada". I will try to extract the two-word name "O Canada" by filtering the label string using SPARQL string functions. I will try to remove the prefix "Canada: " from the label.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| anthemName    |
| ------------- |
| O Canada (en) |

[Assistant] The query returned "O Canada (en)" which is close, but still includes the language tag in the string. I will refine the query to remove the language tag "(en)" from the string as well.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: no matching token found from position 45: '" \(en\)", "") AS ?anthemName) WHERE {
  fb:m.0y74r3 rdfs:label ?name .
  FILTER (lang(?name) = 'en')
}'

[Assistant] The SPARQL REPLACE function failed due to the escape characters. I will try again with a simpler pattern without escape characters.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: no matching token found from position 45: '" \(en\)", "") AS ?anthemName) WHERE {
  fb:m.0y74r3 rdfs:label ?name .
  FILTER (lang(?name) = 'en')
}'

[Assistant] The escape characters in the REPLACE function are causing parsing errors. I will try a different approach by using substring functions to remove the last 5 characters " (en)" from the string.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| anthemName |
| ---------- |
| O C (en)   |

[Assistant] The substring approach removed too many characters and cut the string incorrectly. I will try to remove only the last 4 characters instead of 5.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| anthemName |
| ---------- |
| O Ca (en)  |

[Assistant] The substring approach is still cutting the string incorrectly. I will try to remove the last 5 characters from the original label string instead of the substring after "Canada: ".

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| anthemName |
| ---------- |
| O C (en)   |

[Assistant] The substring approach is still not working as expected. I will try a different approach by searching for the entity with the label "O Canada" directly to see if it exists in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. O Canada (fb:m.05mtn): "O Canada" is the national anthem of Canada. The song was origin...tive on July 1 as part of that year's Dominion Day celebrations., has type National Anthem
2. O Canada! (fb:m.0j85fmh): O Canada! is a Circle-Vision 360° movie. It is an attraction at ...ition since that time, with an updated version released in 2007., has type Film
3. O Canada (fb:m.027jhkf): O Canada was a Canadian-American animated television anthology s...ith a maple leaf electronically superimposed over his genitalia., has type TV Program
4. Canada: O Canada (fb:m.0nm90p): has type Musical Recording
5. Canada (O Canada), also known as Canada (O Canada), Canada: O Canada!/Au Canada (fb:m.0dvx2hj): has type Musical Recording
6. O Canada (Canada) (fb:m.0fj01yl): has type Musical Recording
7. Canada "O Canada" (fb:m.0qdxk9): has type Musical Recording
8. O Canada (fb:m.0nvbtr): has type Musical Recording
9. O Canada (fb:m.023sh5r): has type Musical Recording
10. Canada: O Canada, also known as National Anthem of Canada (fb:m.0y74r3): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] I found an entity "O Canada" (fb:m.05mtn) which is described as the national anthem of Canada. This seems to be the exact entity we want. I will now query the label of this entity to confirm it is exactly "O Canada".

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name          |
| ------------- |
| O Canada (en) |

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.05mtn has the label "O Canada" in English, which matches the two-word name of the national anthem of Canada. I will now provide the final answer with this refined query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the English label of the national anthem of Canada, which is 'O Canada'. However, the label returned includes the language tag '(en)', which is not necessary for the answer. The query should be refined to return just the string 'O Canada' without the language tag. Additionally, the query should ensure it returns only the label string, not the full literal with language tag. This can be done by using STR() function or by properly handling the literal. Overall, the answer is correct but the query can be improved for cleaner output.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to use the STR() function to return only the string "O Canada" without the language tag.

[Tool] Stopped generation process