PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.030dr fb:book.author.works_written ?work .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?workLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
LIMIT 5

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) |
| The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (fb:m.0110hll3)                                | The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (en)                                |
| The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (fb:m.0110hm12)  | The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (en)  |
| The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (fb:m.052mjng)                   | The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (en)                  |
| De Augmentis Scientarum (fb:m.052mjnn)                                              | De Augmentis Scientarum (en)                                             |

Based on data from the knowledge graph, Francis Bacon's contributions include 91 written works and influence on 30 notable figures. Some of his notable works are 'The Instauratio Magna', 'De Augmentis Scientarum', and 'The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels'. He influenced prominent individuals such as William Hazlitt, Giambattista Vico, Baruch Spinoza, Maine de Biran, and Thomas Browne.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what was francis bacon contributions?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is francis bacon and what did he do?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.030dr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.030dr fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Francis Bacon, also known as Sir Francis Bacon (fb:m.030dr): Francis Bacon, Viscount St. Alban, Kt PC QC, was an English phil...le studying the effects of freezing on the preservation of meat., has type Author

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
who is roger bacon inventor of?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06g98 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06g98 fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roger Bacon, also known as Doctor Mirabilis (fb:m.06g98): Roger Bacon, OFM, was an English philosopher and Franciscan fria...y 40 years had passed since he matriculated at Oxford at age 13., has type Author

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

Example 3:
Question:
what was robert hooke's contributions to science?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0d6j4 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0d6j4 fb:law.inventor.inventions ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robert Hooke (fb:m.0d6j4): Robert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect a...ay. Allan Chapman has characterised him as "England's Leonardo"., has type Academic

Using properties:
Inventions (fb:law.inventor.inventions): links to type Invention, part of Inventor schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it appears that Francis Bacon is identified by the entity fb:m.030dr in Freebase. The example query retrieves his professions using the property fb:people.person.profession. However, the question asks for contributions, which might be related to inventions, works, or achievements.

I will first check the properties of the entity fb:m.030dr (Francis Bacon) to see which properties might relate to contributions.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema
2. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
3. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
4. Influenced (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
5. Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
6. Works written (fb:book.author.works_written): links to type Written Work, part of Author schema
7. Category (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.category): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
8. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
9. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
10. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
The properties related to Francis Bacon that might indicate his contributions include "Works written" (fb:book.author.works_written) and "Influenced" (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced). These properties could reflect his intellectual contributions and influence on others.

I will now query for the works written by Francis Bacon using the property fb:book.author.works_written.

[Tool]
Got 91 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) |
| The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (fb:m.0110hll3)                                | The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (en)                                |
| The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (fb:m.0110hm12)  | The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (en)  |
| The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (fb:m.052mjng)                   | The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (en)                  |
| De Augmentis Scientarum (fb:m.052mjnn)                                              | De Augmentis Scientarum (en)                                             |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      |
| 'His preface' (fb:m.0c1t2vg)                                                        | 'His preface' (en)                                                       |
| Meditationes sacrae and human philosophy (fb:m.0c1t2vk)                             | Meditationes sacrae and human philosophy (en)                            |
| Thoughts on Holy Scripture (fb:m.0c1t2vn)                                           | Thoughts on Holy Scripture (en)                                          |
| The letters and life of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz57)                                | The letters and life of Francis Bacon (en)                               |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    |

[Assistant]
Francis Bacon's contributions include many written works. Some of his notable works are:

- The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ
- The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings
- The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts
- The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels
- De Augmentis Scientarum
- Meditationes sacrae and human philosophy
- Thoughts on Holy Scripture
- The letters and life of Francis Bacon
- The major works of Francis Bacon

I will also check if there are any entities or nodes that Francis Bacon influenced, which could be considered part of his contributions.

[Tool]
Got 30 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| influenced                           | influencedLabel              |
| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| William Hazlitt (fb:m.015h69)        | William Hazlitt (en)         |
| Giambattista Vico (fb:m.015_hb)      | Giambattista Vico (en)       |
| Baruch Spinoza (fb:m.015n8)          | Baruch Spinoza (en)          |
| Maine de Biran (fb:m.017jns)         | Maine de Biran (en)          |
| Thomas Browne (fb:m.017m4j)          | Thomas Browne (en)           |
| ...                                  | ...                          |
| George Campbell (fb:m.08js7h)        | George Campbell (en)         |
| Peter Middlebrook (fb:m.08tl44)      | Peter Middlebrook (en)       |
| Robert Boyle (fb:m.0d98m)            | Robert Boyle (en)            |
| Johann Heinrich Lambert (fb:m.0n29h) | Johann Heinrich Lambert (en) |
| Auguste Comte (fb:m.0zz2v)           | Auguste Comte (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves many works written by Francis Bacon, which is a significant part of his contributions. However, the answer could be improved by also including his influence on notable figures, as mentioned in the answer text. The current query only covers his written works but does not capture his influence on other individuals. To provide a more complete answer, the query should be refined to also retrieve entities influenced by Francis Bacon, if such a property exists in the knowledge graph. Additionally, the answer could mention the number of works found to give a sense of the extent of his contributions.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to include both the works written by Francis Bacon and the notable figures he influenced. I will also include the count of works to give a sense of the extent of his contributions.

[Tool]
Got 2,730 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                | influenced                           | influencedLabel              |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) | William Hazlitt (fb:m.015h69)        | William Hazlitt (en)         |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) | Giambattista Vico (fb:m.015_hb)      | Giambattista Vico (en)       |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) | Baruch Spinoza (fb:m.015n8)          | Baruch Spinoza (en)          |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) | Maine de Biran (fb:m.017jns)         | Maine de Biran (en)          |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) | Thomas Browne (fb:m.017m4j)          | Thomas Browne (en)           |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      | ...                                  | ...                          |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    | George Campbell (fb:m.08js7h)        | George Campbell (en)         |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    | Peter Middlebrook (fb:m.08tl44)      | Peter Middlebrook (en)       |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    | Robert Boyle (fb:m.0d98m)            | Robert Boyle (en)            |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    | Johann Heinrich Lambert (fb:m.0n29h) | Johann Heinrich Lambert (en) |
| The major works of Francis Bacon (fb:m.0c4yz5b)                                     | The major works of Francis Bacon (en)                                    | Auguste Comte (fb:m.0zz2v)           | Auguste Comte (en)           |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| workCount    | influencedCount |
| ------------ | --------------- |
| 91 (xsd:int) | 30 (xsd:int)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer provides a good overview of Francis Bacon's contributions by listing some of his written works and notable figures he influenced. However, the SPARQL query returns a large number of rows (2,730) with many duplicates and overlaps between works and influenced persons. The query could be refined to better separate and summarize the contributions, for example by counting the number of works and influenced persons separately or by limiting the results to the most notable works and influences. Also, the answer could clarify that these contributions are based on the data retrieved from the knowledge graph and mention the total counts explicitly. This would make the answer more concise and focused on the key contributions rather than listing many individual items.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the approach to provide a more concise and focused answer. I will separately count the number of works and influenced persons, and then list a limited number of notable works and influences to give a clear summary of Francis Bacon's contributions. I will also explicitly mention that the contributions are based on the data from the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (fb:m.0110hljn) | The Instauratio Magna. Part III:...oria Naturalis and Historia Vitæ (en) |
| The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (fb:m.0110hll3)                                | The Instauratio Magna: Last Writings (en)                                |
| The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (fb:m.0110hm12)  | The Instauratio magna. Part II, Novum organum and associated texts (en)  |
| The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (fb:m.052mjng)                   | The Charge of Sir Francis Bacon ... Touching Duels (en)                  |
| De Augmentis Scientarum (fb:m.052mjnn)                                              | De Augmentis Scientarum (en)                                             |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| influenced                      | influencedLabel        |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| William Hazlitt (fb:m.015h69)   | William Hazlitt (en)   |
| Giambattista Vico (fb:m.015_hb) | Giambattista Vico (en) |
| Baruch Spinoza (fb:m.015n8)     | Baruch Spinoza (en)    |
| Maine de Biran (fb:m.017jns)    | Maine de Biran (en)    |
| Thomas Browne (fb:m.017m4j)     | Thomas Browne (en)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?child ?childName WHERE {
  fb:m.029f79 fb:people.person.children ?child .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?child rdfs:label ?childName .
    FILTER ( lang( ?childName ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| child                             | childName               |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (en)  |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (en) |

John Terry's children are Summer Rose Terry and Georgie John Terry.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are john terry's children called?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what victoria beckham kids names?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0cgfb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0cgfb fb:people.person.children ?x .
}

Using entities:
Victoria Beckham, also known as Victoria Caroline Beckham, Victoria Caroline Adams, Victoria Adams Wood, Victoria Adams, Victoria (fb:m.0cgfb): Victoria Caroline Beckham is an English businesswoman, fashion d...hed an eponymous label in 2008 and a lower-priced label in 2011., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 2:
Question:
what was the name of william shakespeare's children?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.081k8 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.081k8 fb:people.person.children ?x .
}

Using entities:
William Shakespeare, also known as William 'Budd' Shakespeare, William Shakespare, Shaxper, William Shake-speare, William Shaksper (fb:m.081k8): William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, ...ratford around 1613, at age 49, where he died three years later., has type Author

Using properties:
Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 3:
Question:
what are the names of michael jackson children?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.09889g ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.09889g fb:people.person.children ?x .
}

Using entities:
Michael Jackson, also known as Mike, Applehead, MJ, Smelly, Space Michael (fb:m.09889g): Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an ...l Francis Admire Michael Jackson As His Best. Videos such as ..., Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, recor...1990s, as well as forging a reputation as a touring solo artist., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Children (fb:people.person.children): part of Person schema, links to type Person

[Assistant] From the similar examples, it is clear that the property for children in Freebase is fb:people.person.children. Now, I need to find the entity for John Terry in Freebase and then query his children using this property. I will start by searching for the entity "John Terry" in Freebase.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John Terry, also known as John George Terry (fb:m.029f79): John George Terry is an English professional footballer who play...helsea and is also the club's all-time highest scoring defender., has type Football player
2. John Terry (fb:m.070td6): John Terry is an American film, television, and stage actor. He ...n the TV series Lost and Larry McCoy in the TV series Las Vegas., has type TV Actor
3. Winifred Terry, also known as W. Terry, Winford E. Terry, Winford, J. Terry, W.E. Terry (fb:m.03f7qdg): Winifred Terry is a musician., has type Composer
4. John H. Terry, also known as John Terry (fb:m.0ksnd6): John Hart Terry was an American lawyer and politician from New York., has type U.S. Congressperson
5. John Terry (fb:m.02vyghh): John Baxter Terry was a Major League Baseball pitcher who played...Terry was born in Fairfax, Iowa, and died in Cedar Rapids, Iowa., has type Baseball Player
6. John Terry (fb:m.0fnyn1): John Terry was an Olympic weightlifter for the United States., has type Olympic athlete
7. Terry John (fb:m.0l1ypqs): Terry John is an actor., has type Film actor
8. John Terry (fb:m.02pzkdk): John Terry was an early settler and pioneer farmer in New Norfol...perty he called 'Askrigg', named after the village of his birth., has type Deceased Person
9. John Terry (fb:m.03gyh4g): John Terry was a Church of England clergyman and anti-Catholic c...ltshire in 1590. The Triall of Truth attacked Roman Catholicism., has type Deceased Person
10. John Terry (fb:m.05xysgz): has type Author

[Assistant] The entity for John Terry, the English professional footballer, is fb:m.029f79. Now I will query the children of John Terry using the property fb:people.person.children.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| child                             | childName               |
| --------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Summer Rose Terry (fb:m.0j51lwj)  | Summer Rose Terry (en)  |
| Georgie John Terry (fb:m.0j51lwr) | Georgie John Terry (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the children of John Terry along with their English labels. The answer provided matches the query results and is complete and accurate. The query uses the appropriate entity and property and includes an optional label retrieval with language filtering, which is good practice. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
  ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

English is the primary language spoken in Australia. Additionally, there are other languages spoken such as Esperanto and Lojban, but these are less common.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what do people in australia speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what language does people speak in australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0chghy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what language do the people speak in australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0chghy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what language do australian people speak?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0chghy ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0chghy fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Australia, also known as Commonwealth of Australia, The Commonwealth of Australia (fb:m.0chghy): Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is an Ocean...e six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant] From the similar examples, it is clear that the entity for Australia is fb:m.0chghy and the property for languages spoken in a country is fb:location.country.languages_spoken. I will now write a SPARQL query to find the languages spoken in Australia using these.

[Tool]
Got 115 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                        | languageLabel   |
| ------------------------------- | --------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | Anglais (fr)    |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | Anglès (ca)     |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | Angleščina (sl) |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | Angličtina (cs) |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | Angličtina (sk) |
| ...                             | ...             |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | لوجبان (ar)     |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | 로지반 (ko)        |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | ロジバン (ja)       |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | 逻辑语 (zh)        |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | 邏輯語 (zh-Hant)   |

[Assistant] The query results show multiple languages spoken in Australia, with the English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) being one of them. The results include labels in various languages, but the main language spoken in Australia is English. I will now finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the languages spoken in Australia, but the result includes many duplicate entries of the same language with labels in different languages, which is not very user-friendly. It would be better to refine the query to return distinct languages with labels in a single language (e.g., English) or to limit the number of results to the most relevant languages. Additionally, the answer could mention that English is the primary language spoken in Australia, which is the most relevant information for the user question.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to return distinct languages spoken in Australia with their English labels only. I will also update the answer to explicitly mention that English is the primary language spoken in Australia.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                        | languageLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| English Language (fb:m.02h40lc) | English Language (en)   |
| Esperanto Language (fb:m.02jcw) | Esperanto Language (en) |
| Lojban (fb:m.04gd7)             | Lojban (en)             |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves languages spoken in Australia and returns their labels. However, the answer could be improved by clarifying that English is the primary language spoken in Australia, while Esperanto and Lojban are minor or less commonly spoken languages. The query result includes these languages but does not indicate their prominence or usage frequency. To improve, consider adding information or filtering to highlight the primary language or most commonly spoken languages in Australia if such data is available. Otherwise, the answer should explicitly state the primary language and mention others as additional languages spoken.

[Assistant] I understand the feedback. The knowledge graph does not provide direct information about the prominence or usage frequency of the languages spoken in Australia. Therefore, I will improve the answer by explicitly stating that English is the primary language spoken in Australia, and mention Esperanto and Lojban as other languages spoken, without implying their prominence.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.04hhv fb:location.location.containedby ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?locationLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| location                    | locationLabel       |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Eurasia (fb:m.02qkt)        | Eurasia (en)        |
| Southeast Asia (fb:m.073q1) | Southeast Asia (en) |
| Asia (fb:m.0j0k)            | Asia (en)           |

Laos is located in Asia, Southeast Asia, and Eurasia on the world map.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is laos in world map?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is singapore on a world map?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06t2t ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06t2t fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Singapore, also known as Singapura, Republic of Singapore (fb:m.06t2t): Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a modern cit...Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826., has type Country

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
where is singapore on a world map?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06t2t ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06t2t fb:base.locations.countries.continent ?x .
}

Using entities:
Singapore, also known as Singapura, Republic of Singapore (fb:m.06t2t): Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a modern cit...Singapore became one of the British Straits Settlements in 1826., has type Country

Using properties:
Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema

Example 3:
Question:
where are the netherlands on a world map?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.059j2 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.059j2 fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Netherlands, also known as Holland, The Netherlands, Nederlands, Nederland, Hollanti (fb:m.059j2): The Netherlands is the main constituent country of the Kingdom o...he Netherlands is a very densely populated country for its size., has type Country

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it is clear that the entity for the country (e.g., Singapore, Netherlands) is linked to its location on the world map using the property fb:location.location.containedby.

Step 1: I will search for the entity "Laos" in the knowledge graph to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Laos, also known as Lao People's Democratic Republic, 라오스 (fb:m.04hhv): Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a land...y, when the Communist Pathet Lao movement came to power in 1975., has type Country
2. L.A.O.S., also known as L.A.O.S, Laos (fb:m.03f7n4c): has type Musical Group
3. Laos (fb:m.0c6zpyg): has type Book Edition
4. Laos (fb:m.07ly7_4): Tony has always been fascinated by Asia. This time he's visiting... investigate its history, culture and unique culinary offerings., has type TV Episode
5. Laos (fb:m.010p7cnf): Laos is a drama film directed by Im Jeong-hwan., has type Film
6. Laos (fb:m.04w9s71): has type Book
7. Laos (fb:m.0y9wgg_): has type Musical Recording
8. Laos (fb:m.011mgbw): has type Musical Recording
9. Laos (fb:m.0rfqfn4): has type Musical Recording
10. Laos (fb:m.0q5lh_b): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for Laos as a country is fb:m.04hhv. Now, I will check the property fb:location.location.containedby for Laos to find where it is located on the world map.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject           | property                                        | object                      |
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Laos (fb:m.04hhv) | Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby) | Asia (fb:m.0j0k)            |
| Laos (fb:m.04hhv) | Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby) | Southeast Asia (fb:m.073q1) |
| Laos (fb:m.04hhv) | Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby) | Eurasia (fb:m.02qkt)        |

[Assistant]
Laos is located in Asia, Southeast Asia, and Eurasia according to the property fb:location.location.containedby.

I will now create a SPARQL query to return these locations for Laos. I will also include labels for better readability.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the locations that Laos is contained in, namely Asia, Southeast Asia, and Eurasia. The answer is accurate and complete with respect to the question about where Laos is on the world map. The query uses the appropriate property 'fb:location.location.containedby' and returns the identifiers and labels of the locations. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.03rjj fb:location.country.currency_used ?currency .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER ( lang( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency          | currencyLabel |
| ----------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (fb:m.02l6h) | Euro (en)     |

The currency used in Italy is the Euro.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the currency in italy?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is the money currency in italy?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03rjj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03rjj fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Italy, also known as Italia, Italian Republic (fb:m.03rjj): Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamenta...uch as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what currency do italy have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03rjj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03rjj fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Italy, also known as Italia, Italian Republic (fb:m.03rjj): Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamenta...uch as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what currency should i bring to italy?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03rjj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03rjj fb:location.country.currency_used ?x .
}

Using entities:
Italy, also known as Italia, Italian Republic (fb:m.03rjj): Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamenta...uch as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli., has type Country

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema

[Assistant] From the similar examples, the entity for Italy is fb:m.03rjj and the property for currency used is fb:location.country.currency_used. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the currency used in Italy.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency          | currencyLabel |
| ----------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (fb:m.02l6h) | Euro (en)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency used in Italy by using the property fb:location.country.currency_used on the Italy entity. The query also optionally fetches the English label of the currency. The execution result matches the expected answer, showing that the currency is the Euro. The answer is correct and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.03shp fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                      | languageLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Persian Language (fb:m.032f6) | Persian Language (en) |

The national language of Iran is Persian Language.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the national language of iran?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what language do people speak in iran?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03shp ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03shp fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Iran, also known as Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia (fb:m.03shp): Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of I... became the dominant cultural and political power in the region., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
what do they speak in iran?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03shp ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03shp fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Iran, also known as Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia (fb:m.03shp): Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of I... became the dominant cultural and political power in the region., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
what do they speak in iran?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.03shp ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.03shp fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Iran, also known as Islamic Republic of Iran, Persia (fb:m.03shp): Iran, also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of I... became the dominant cultural and political power in the region., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant] From the similar examples, the entity for Iran is fb:m.03shp and the property for the national or official language is fb:location.country.official_language. I will now write a SPARQL query to get the national language of Iran using these.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                      | languageLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Persian Language (fb:m.032f6) | Persian Language (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official language of Iran using the property fb:location.country.official_language. The query returns the identifier and the English label of the language, which is Persian Language. The answer provided matches the query result and is accurate. The query follows the rules by returning the actual identifier and optionally the label. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.011wgw fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth                 | placeOfBirthLabel   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Saint-Domingue (fb:m.01f5d8) | Saint-Domingue (en) |

Toussaint L'Ouverture was born in Saint-Domingue.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was toussaint l'ouverture born?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where was toussaint l'ouverture from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.011wgw ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.011wgw fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Toussaint Louverture, also known as François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda (fb:m.011wgw): François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint... constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life., has type Politician

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where did toussaint louverture live?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.011wgw ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.011wgw fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Toussaint Louverture, also known as François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda (fb:m.011wgw): François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint... constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life., has type Politician

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where was toussaint charbonneau from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01wcc7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01wcc7 fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Toussaint Charbonneau (fb:m.01wcc7): Toussaint Charbonneau was a French Canadian explorer and trader,... Clark Expedition. He is also known as the husband of Sacagawea., has type Person Or Being In Fiction

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Toussaint Louverture, also known as François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Toussaint Bréda (fb:m.011wgw): François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint... constitution for the colony, with himself as governor for life., has type Politician
2. Toussaint Louverture (fb:m.0_f_6z2): Toussaint Louverture is a 2012 French film written and directed ...t Diaspora Feature award at the 8th Africa Movie Academy Awards., Toussaint Louverture is 2012 history film directed by  Philippe Niang., has type Film
3. Toussaint Louverture (fb:m.0byggml)
4. Toussaint Louverture International Airport, also known as Port-au-Prince Airport (fb:m.0f34kf): Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport is an international ...-Prince in Haiti. The airport is currently the busiest in Haiti., has type Airport
5. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography (fb:m.04xpm4d): has type Book Edition
6. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography (fb:m.04w4d8z): Toussaint Louverture: A Biography is a book by Madison Smartt Bell., has type Book
7. Toussaint L. Jones, also known as Toussaint Louverture Jones Jr., Toussaint Louverture Jones, Jr. (fb:m.0j10c7p): Toussaint L. Jones was the husband of S. Epatha Merkerson., has type Person
8. Toussaint Louverture: A Biography (fb:m.04xpm1s): Toussaint Louverture: A Biography is an edition of a book by Madison Smartt Bell., has type Book Edition
9. Toussaint Louverture : a biography (fb:m.0c92xxp): has type Book Edition
10. The life of Toussaint Louverture (fb:m.0bqtslz): has type Book

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| placeOfBirth                 |
| ---------------------------- |
| Saint-Domingue (fb:m.01f5d8) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth                 | placeOfBirthLabel   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Saint-Domingue (fb:m.01f5d8) | Saint-Domingue (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of birth of Toussaint L'Ouverture from the Freebase knowledge graph. The result is accurate and matches the human-readable answer given: Toussaint L'Ouverture was born in Saint-Domingue. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the place of birth, which is helpful for readability. The output is complete and correct for the user's question.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?placeOfDeath WHERE {
  fb:m.019jy5 fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?placeOfDeath .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| placeOfDeath            |
| ----------------------- |
| Inverness (fb:m.012d9h) |

Robin Cook, the British Labour Party politician, died in Inverness.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did robin cook die?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did robin gibb die?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0137hn ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0137hn fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robin Gibb, also known as Robin, Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE, Robin Hugh Gibb, ROBIN GIBB (fb:m.0137hn): Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE was a British singer, songwriter and record...f the Heritage Foundation, honouring figures in British culture., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what did robin gibb died from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0137hn ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0137hn fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robin Gibb, also known as Robin, Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE, Robin Hugh Gibb, ROBIN GIBB (fb:m.0137hn): Robin Hugh Gibb, CBE was a British singer, songwriter and record...f the Heritage Foundation, honouring figures in British culture., has type Musical Artist

Using properties:
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

Example 3:
Question:
where did gary coleman live when he died?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.036pg ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.036pg fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Gary Coleman, also known as Gary Wayne Coleman (fb:m.036pg): Gary Wayne Coleman was an American actor, voice artist, and come...r. On May 28, 2010, Coleman died of epidural hematoma at age 42., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location

[Assistant] From the similar examples, I see that the property for place of death is fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death. Now I will search for the entity "Robin Cook" in the knowledge graph to find the correct identifier for him.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Robin Cook, also known as Dr. Robin Cook (fb:m.02_5yp): Dr. Robert Brian "Robin" Cook is an American physician and novel...igest. His books have sold nearly 400 million copies worldwide ., has type Author
2. Robin Cook, also known as Robert Finlayson Cook (fb:m.019jy5): Robert Finlayson Cook was a British Labour Party politician, who...al Security and Non-Proliferation All Party Parliamentary Group., Robin Cook was a politician., has type Politician
3. Robin Cook, also known as Cook, Robin, John Oakfield, Jonas Ekfeldt (fb:m.01w_c8c): Jonas Ekfeldt is a Swedish music producer and singer. Won acclai...the name Robin Cook, titled "Susanna" with Ekfeldt on the cover., has type Musical Artist
4. Derek Raymond, also known as Robert William Arthur Cook, Robin Cook (fb:m.0cfh7r): Robert William Arthur Cook, better known since the 1980s by his ...ish crime writer, credited with being a founder of British noir., has type Author
5. Robin D. Cook, also known as Robin Cook (fb:m.09fhj3x): Robin D. Cook is a casting director., has type TV Actor
6. Robin D. Cook, also known as Robin Cook (fb:m.02pl8kx): has type Politician
7. Robin Cooke (fb:m.0nhd666): has type Musical Artist
8. Terminal, also known as Death Infection - Terminal, Robin Cook's Terminal (fb:m.04j2qyg): Terminal is a 1996 drama horror film directed by Larry Elikann., has type Film
9. Bart Robinson Cook (fb:m.0gc2ynr): has type Film actor
10. Robin Cook Boxed Set (fb:m.06krdgm): has type Book

[Assistant] There are multiple entities named "Robin Cook." The one that matches the context of a person who could have a place of death is likely the British Labour Party politician (fb:m.019jy5). I will now check the place of death property for this entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| placeOfDeath            |
| ----------------------- |
| Inverness (fb:m.012d9h) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| label          |
| -------------- |
| Inverness (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of death of Robin Cook using the property fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death. The answer 'Inverness' matches the query result and is accurate. The query returns the identifier of the place as required. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?movie WHERE {
  fb:m.02_tv5 fb:film.actor.film ?performance .
  ?performance fb:film.performance.film ?movie .
}

Got 23 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                |
| ------------------------------------ |
| Scream 2 (fb:m.02v5_g)               |
| Higher Learning (fb:m.033gkt)        |
| Brother (fb:m.03820v)                |
| Perfume (fb:m.03qhxn_)               |
| Against the Ropes (fb:m.040btp)      |
| ...                                  |
| Breakfast of Champions (fb:m.08zjv6) |
| The Program (fb:m.09fgyt)            |
| Major League II (fb:m.09glbk)        |
| Daybreak (fb:m.0c5dgvg)              |
| MTV 20: Jams (fb:m.0cvcdtm)          |

Omar Epps is in movies such as Scream 2, Higher Learning, Brother, Perfume, Against the Ropes, Breakfast of Champions, The Program, Major League II, Daybreak, and MTV 20: Jams among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies is omar epps in?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what was omar epps first movie?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02_tv5 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02_tv5 fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film ?x .
  ?x fb:film.film.initial_release_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Omar Epps, also known as Omar Hashim Epps (fb:m.02_tv5): Omar Hashim Epps is an American actor, rapper, songwriter, and r...Foreman on the Fox medical drama series House from 2004 to 2012., has type Film actor

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Initial release date (fb:film.film.initial_release_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Film schema
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

Example 2:
Question:
what movies does tupac act in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07pzc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07pzc fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tupac Shakur, also known as Lesane Parish Crooks, TuPac, Makaveli, Pac, Tupac Amaru Shakur (fb:m.07pzc): Tupac Amaru Shakur, also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makav...e Black Panther Party, whose ideals were reflected in his songs., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

Example 3:
Question:
what movies does zac efron star in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06wm0z ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06wm0z fb:film.actor.film ?y .
  ?y fb:film.performance.film ?x .
}

Using entities:
Zac Efron, also known as Zefron, Zacquisha, Zachary Efron, Zachary David Alexander "Zac" Efron, Zac (fb:m.06wm0z): Zachary David Alexander "Zac" Efron is an American actor and sin...e, The Lucky One, That Awkward Moment, Neighbors, and The Lorax., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Film (fb:film.performance.film): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film

[Assistant]
From the examples, it is clear that the entity for Omar Epps is fb:m.02_tv5 and the property linking an actor to their film performances is fb:film.actor.film. The film performance links to the film via fb:film.performance.film.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the movies Omar Epps is in using these properties.

[Tool]
Got 23 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                |
| ------------------------------------ |
| Scream 2 (fb:m.02v5_g)               |
| Higher Learning (fb:m.033gkt)        |
| Brother (fb:m.03820v)                |
| Perfume (fb:m.03qhxn_)               |
| Against the Ropes (fb:m.040btp)      |
| ...                                  |
| Breakfast of Champions (fb:m.08zjv6) |
| The Program (fb:m.09fgyt)            |
| Major League II (fb:m.09glbk)        |
| Daybreak (fb:m.0c5dgvg)              |
| MTV 20: Jams (fb:m.0cvcdtm)          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves movies in which Omar Epps has acted by using the appropriate properties and entity identifier. The answer lists several movies from the query result, matching the execution output. The query returns the actual identifiers of the movies, fulfilling the requirement. The answer is complete and accurate based on the data retrieved from the freebase knowledge graph.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personName WHERE {
  fb:m.0c6qh fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated ?relationship .
  ?relationship fb:base.popstra.dated.participant ?person .
  FILTER ( ?person != fb:m.0c6qh ) .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personName FILTER ( lang( ?personName ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personName               |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Geena Davis (fb:m.01fwk3)         | Geena Davis (en)         |
| Christina Applegate (fb:m.01hcj2) | Christina Applegate (en) |
| Claire Forlani (fb:m.01x72k)      | Claire Forlani (en)      |
| Thandie Newton (fb:m.02cpb7)      | Thandie Newton (en)      |
| Juliette Lewis (fb:m.02g0mx)      | Juliette Lewis (en)      |
| ...                               | ...                      |
| Katja von Garnier (fb:m.0cjrrk)   | Katja von Garnier (en)   |
| Angelina Jolie (fb:m.0f4vbz)      | Angelina Jolie (en)      |
| Jill Schoelen (fb:m.0fx7_x)       | Jill Schoelen (en)       |
| Felicitas Woll (fb:m.0gsnt6)      | Felicitas Woll (en)      |
| Robin Givens (fb:m.0hjxj)         | Robin Givens (en)        |

Brad Pitt has dated several people including Geena Davis, Christina Applegate, Claire Forlani, Thandie Newton, Juliette Lewis, Katja von Garnier, Angelina Jolie, Jill Schoelen, Felicitas Woll, and Robin Givens among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who brad pitt has dated?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who did jason segel date?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06q5t7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06q5t7 fb:celebrities.celebrity.sexual_relationships ?y .
  ?y fb:celebrities.romantic_relationship.celebrity ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jason Segel, also known as Jason Jordan Segel (fb:m.06q5t7): Jason Jordan Segel is an American actor, comedian, and screenwri...and The End of the Tour as the late author David Foster Wallace., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Romantic relationships (with celebrities) (fb:celebrities.celebrity.sexual_relationships): links to type Romantic relationship, part of Celebrity schema
Celebrity (fb:celebrities.romantic_relationship.celebrity): part of Romantic relationship schema, links to type Celebrity

Example 2:
Question:
who did jason segel date?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06q5t7 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06q5t7 fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated ?y .
  ?y fb:base.popstra.dated.participant ?x .
}

Using entities:
Jason Segel, also known as Jason Jordan Segel (fb:m.06q5t7): Jason Jordan Segel is an American actor, comedian, and screenwri...and The End of the Tour as the late author David Foster Wallace., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Dated (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Dated
Participant (fb:base.popstra.dated.participant): links to type Celebrity, part of Dated schema

Example 3:
Question:
where was brad pitt born?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0c6qh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0c6qh fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Brad Pitt, also known as Pitt-bull, William Bradley Pitt, William Bradley "Brad" Pitt, Tyler Durden, Buratto Pitto (fb:m.0c6qh): William Bradley "Brad" Pitt is an American actor and producer. H...rformances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Moneyball., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

[Assistant] From the examples, it seems the property fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated or fb:celebrities.celebrity.sexual_relationships can be used to find who Brad Pitt has dated. First, I will search for the entity Brad Pitt in the knowledge graph to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Brad Pitt, also known as Pitt-bull, William Bradley Pitt, William Bradley "Brad" Pitt, Tyler Durden, Buratto Pitto (fb:m.0c6qh): William Bradley "Brad" Pitt is an American actor and producer. H...rformances in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Moneyball., has type Celebrity
2. Brad Pitt (fb:m.043r0jn): Bradley Michael "Brad" Pitt, also known as Hollywood, is an Aust...006 Commonwealth Games and for qualifying for the 2008 Olympics., has type Boxer
3. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0kb0kzz): Mitt Romney wins the Florida primary, John Oliver and Jason Jone...of the wealth gap, and Brad Pitt roots for baseball's underdogs., has type TV Episode
4. Brad Pitt (fb:m.07n5p7c): has type TV Episode
5. Brad pitt (fb:m.0skrx3g): has type Canonical Version
6. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0f4l_rx): has type Musical Recording
7. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0jb43ny): Brad Pitt casts light on his life and career in an interview with James Lipton., has type TV Episode
8. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0fb9773): has type Musical Recording
9. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0wg7614): Is Motion Blur A Lie? HD Cable Channels Missing: Check For A Switch Video Upgrade., has type TV Episode
10. Brad Pitt (fb:m.0wg760d): Is Motion Blur A Lie? HD Cable Channels Missing: Check For A Switch Video Upgrade., has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for Brad Pitt as the American actor and producer is fb:m.0c6qh. Now I will search for the properties related to dating or romantic relationships for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Dated (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Dated
2. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
3. Breakup (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.breakup): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Breakup
4. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
5. Canoodled (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.canoodled): part of Celebrity schema, links to type Canoodled
6. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Gender (fb:people.person.gender): part of Person schema, links to type Gender
9. Interest (fb:base.popstra.sww_base.interest): part of sww_base schema, links to type Integer
10. Bought (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.bought): links to type Product Choice, part of Celebrity schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property fb:base.popstra.celebrity.dated seems to be the most relevant for finding who Brad Pitt has dated. I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the people Brad Pitt has dated using this property.

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personName               |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Geena Davis (fb:m.01fwk3)         | Geena Davis (en)         |
| Christina Applegate (fb:m.01hcj2) | Christina Applegate (en) |
| Claire Forlani (fb:m.01x72k)      | Claire Forlani (en)      |
| Thandie Newton (fb:m.02cpb7)      | Thandie Newton (en)      |
| Juliette Lewis (fb:m.02g0mx)      | Juliette Lewis (en)      |
| ...                               | ...                      |
| Katja von Garnier (fb:m.0cjrrk)   | Katja von Garnier (en)   |
| Angelina Jolie (fb:m.0f4vbz)      | Angelina Jolie (en)      |
| Jill Schoelen (fb:m.0fx7_x)       | Jill Schoelen (en)       |
| Felicitas Woll (fb:m.0gsnt6)      | Felicitas Woll (en)      |
| Robin Givens (fb:m.0hjxj)         | Robin Givens (en)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all persons Brad Pitt has dated by using the appropriate properties and filtering out Brad Pitt himself. The query also optionally retrieves English labels for these persons, which is helpful for readability. The answer lists several of these individuals, matching the query results. The query returns actual identifiers as required and does not perform any post-processing outside SPARQL. Overall, the output is correct and complete for the user's question.