PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?role ?roleLabel WHERE {
  {
    fb:m.083pr fb:people.person.profession ?role .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.083pr fb:people.appointed_role.appointment ?appointment .
    ?appointment fb:people.appointment.appointee ?role .
  } UNION {
    fb:m.083pr fb:government.us_president.presidency_number ?number .
    BIND( fb:m.083pr AS ?role )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?role rdfs:label ?roleLabel FILTER ( lang( ?roleLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| role                             | roleLabel                |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Chief Justice (fb:m.01zws4)      | Chief Justice (en)       |
| Lawyer (fb:m.04gc2)              | Lawyer (en)              |
| William Howard Taft (fb:m.083pr) | William Howard Taft (en) |
| Judge (fb:m.0c5lg)               | Judge (en)               |
| Jurist (fb:m.0dl08)              | Jurist (en)              |

William Howard Taft is famous for being the 27th President of the United States, Chief Justice, and for his professions as a lawyer, judge, and jurist.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is william taft famous for?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where did william howard taft go to high school?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.083pr ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.083pr fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:education.educational_institution.school_type fb:m.0bpgx .
}

Using entities:
William Howard Taft, also known as Judge William Howard Taft, Taft, William Howard, William Taft (fb:m.083pr): William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States ...lt, Taft won an easy victory in his 1908 bid for the presidency., has type US President
High school, also known as Ģimnāzija (fb:m.0bpgx): A high school is a school that provides adolescents with part or...hool and be followed by higher education or vocational training., has type School category

Using properties:
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
School type (fb:education.educational_institution.school_type): part of Educational Institution schema, links to type School category
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
what is benedict arnold famous for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.025_0c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.025_0c fb:base.honouriam.dishonoured_person.dishonor_bestowed ?x .
}

Using entities:
Benedict Arnold (fb:m.025_0c): Benedict Arnold was a general during the American Revolutionary ...red leg injuries that ended his combat career for several years., has type Military Commander

Using properties:
Dishonor bestowed (fb:base.honouriam.dishonoured_person.dishonor_bestowed): part of Dishonored Person schema, links to type Dishonor

Example 3:
Question:
what is president abraham lincoln known for?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0gzh ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0gzh fb:people.person.profession ?x .
}

Using entities:
Abraham Lincoln, also known as The Sage of Springfield, The Great Emancipator, The Illinois Baboon, The Jester, The Martyr President (fb:m.0gzh): Abraham Lincoln /ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ was the 16th President of th...ew Republican Party, which had a statewide majority in Illinois., has type US President

Using properties:
Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it appears that a good approach to answer "what is William Taft famous for?" is to identify the entity for William Taft and then query for his profession or notable roles.

Step 1: Search for the entity "William Taft" in the knowledge graph to get the correct identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. William Howard Taft, also known as Judge William Howard Taft, Taft, William Howard, William Taft (fb:m.083pr): William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States ...lt, Taft won an easy victory in his 1908 bid for the presidency., has type US President
2. Billy Taft, also known as William Taft (fb:m.0hnsdx3): Billy Taft is a film actor., has type Film actor
3. William W. Taft, also known as William Taft (fb:m.0br_6ht): William W. Taft is a former member of the Ohio Senate, and a mem...a member of the board of trustees for Cleveland State University, has type Politician
4. William Taft, also known as Bill Taft (fb:m.0glmv07): has type Film director
5. William Howard Taft (fb:m.0dn735d): has type Musical Recording
6. William Howard Taft (fb:m.0t592m8): William Howard Taft was a baseball player., has type Deceased Person
7. William Howard Taft (fb:m.03smgh1)
8. William Howard Taft (fb:m.02bk9fr)
9. William Howard Taft (fb:m.0mnpgk7)
10. William Howard Taft (fb:m.0m0x1dh)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "William Taft" in the context of fame is "William Howard Taft" with the identifier fb:m.083pr, who was the 27th President of the United States.

Step 2: Query for what William Howard Taft is famous for. Based on the examples, we can check his profession or notable roles. Let's query for his professions.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| profession          | professionLabel |
| ------------------- | --------------- |
| Lawyer (fb:m.04gc2) | Lawyer (en)     |
| Judge (fb:m.0c5lg)  | Judge (en)      |
| Jurist (fb:m.0dl08) | Jurist (en)     |

[Assistant]
William Howard Taft is known for being a Lawyer, Judge, and Jurist. However, these professions do not fully capture his fame as the 27th President of the United States.

Step 3: Let's also check if there are any notable positions or offices he held that might better explain what he is famous for. I will search for properties related to "position" or "office" for William Howard Taft.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
2. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
3. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema
4. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
5. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
6. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
7. Height (fb:people.person.height_meters): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Person schema
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. Appointment (fb:people.appointed_role.appointment): part of Appointed Role schema, links to type Appointment
10. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is a property "Appointment" (fb:people.appointed_role.appointment) which might be related to positions or offices held by William Howard Taft.

Step 4: Let's query for appointments or notable roles held by William Howard Taft using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| appointment  | appointmentLabel |
| ------------ | ---------------- |
| fb:m.0hmsllx |                  |

[Assistant] The query returned an appointment with the identifier fb:m.0hmsllx but no label. Let's query the label for this appointment entity to understand what it is.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The appointment entity fb:m.0hmsllx does not have an English label. Let's try to get more information about this appointment entity by listing its properties and values.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                              | object                              |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | Type (fb:type.object.type)                            | Appointment (fb:people.appointment) |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | Appointee (fb:people.appointment.appointee)           | Chief Justice (fb:m.01zws4)         |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | Appointed Role (fb:people.appointment.appointed_role) | William Howard Taft (fb:m.083pr)    |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | Appointed by (fb:people.appointment.appointed_by)     | Warren G. Harding (fb:m.081t6)      |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | Declared on (fb:people.appointment.declared_on)       | 1921-07-11 (xsd:date)               |
| fb:m.0hmsllx | rdf:type                                              | Appointment (fb:people.appointment) |

[Assistant]
The appointment fb:m.0hmsllx is an appointment of William Howard Taft as Chief Justice. This is a notable role he held, appointed by Warren G. Harding in 1921.

Step 5: Let's also check if he has a property indicating he was a president, as he is famously known as the 27th President of the United States. I will search for properties related to "president" for William Howard Taft.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. President number (fb:government.us_president.presidency_number): part of US President schema, links to type Integer
2. Vice president (fb:government.us_president.vice_president): links to type US Vice President, part of US President schema
3. Inauguration (fb:base.inaugurations.inauguration_speaker.inauguration): part of Inauguration Speaker schema, links to type Inauguration
4. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
5. Government Positions Held (fb:government.politician.government_positions_held): links to type Government Position Held, part of Politician schema
6. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema
7. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
8. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
9. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
10. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property "President number" (fb:government.us_president.presidency_number) which indicates the number of the US President. Let's query this property for William Howard Taft.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| presidencyNumber |
| ---------------- |
| 27               |

[Assistant]
William Howard Taft is famous for being the 27th President of the United States and also for serving as Chief Justice. Additionally, he was a lawyer, judge, and jurist.

I will now formulate the final SPARQL query to return these notable roles and professions for William Howard Taft.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?nation ?nationLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.07ssc fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children ?nation .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?nation rdfs:label ?nationLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?nationLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| nation                        | nationLabel           |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| England (fb:m.02jx1)          | England (en)          |
| Northern Ireland (fb:m.05bcl) | Northern Ireland (en) |
| Scotland (fb:m.06q1r)         | Scotland (en)         |
| Wales (fb:m.0j5g9)            | Wales (en)            |

The four nations of the United Kingdom are England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the four nations of the united kingdom?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what are the four nations of the uk?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.location.contains ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01mp .
}

Using entities:
Country, also known as Empire (fb:m.01mp): The type country in Freebase can and should be used with a varie...s with little population or autonomy will be typed as a country.
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 2:
Question:
what four countries are in the united kingdom?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children ?x .
  ?x fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_area_type fb:m.0hzjlmp .
}

Using entities:
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country
UK constituent country (fb:m.0hzjlmp)

Using properties:
Administrative Area Type (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_area_type): links to type Type of Administrative Area, part of Administrative Area schema
Administrative children (fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children): part of Administrative Area schema, links to type Administrative Area

Example 3:
Question:
what 4 countries are part of the united kingdom?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.07ssc ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.07ssc fb:location.country.first_level_divisions ?x .
}

Using entities:
United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain, UK, U.K. (fb:m.07ssc): The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, common...urth-largest in Europe and second-largest in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
First level divisions (fb:location.country.first_level_divisions): links to type Administrative Division, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it appears that the United Kingdom is represented by the entity fb:m.07ssc in Freebase. The four nations of the United Kingdom can be found by querying the administrative children or first level divisions of this entity.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the four nations of the United Kingdom using the property fb:base.aareas.schema.administrative_area.administrative_children and the entity fb:m.07ssc. I will also try to get their labels for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| nation                        | nationLabel           |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| England (fb:m.02jx1)          | England (en)          |
| Northern Ireland (fb:m.05bcl) | Northern Ireland (en) |
| Scotland (fb:m.06q1r)         | Scotland (en)         |
| Wales (fb:m.0j5g9)            | Wales (en)            |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0162v fb:location.location.people_born_here ?person .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?personLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personLabel            |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Hadan Holligan (fb:g.11b7k2x4z9)  | Hadan Holligan (en)    |
| Kycia Knight (fb:m.0107zsh2)      | Kycia Knight (en)      |
| Shaquana Quintyne (fb:m.0108fxhy) | Shaquana Quintyne (en) |
| Shakera Selman (fb:m.0108k30n)    | Shakera Selman (en)    |
| Kyshona Knight (fb:m.010944fr)    | Kyshona Knight (en)    |
| ...                               | ...                    |
| Odimumba Kwamdela (fb:m.05xcwdm)  | Odimumba Kwamdela (en) |
| Hilary Beckles (fb:m.05yp45f)     | Hilary Beckles (en)    |
| Colin Young (fb:m.05zqm30)        | Colin Young (en)       |
| Hugh Laing (fb:m.05zyb9w)         | Hugh Laing (en)        |
| John Holder (fb:m.0642g82)        | John Holder (en)       |

Famous people from Barbados include Hadan Holligan, Kycia Knight, Shaquana Quintyne, Shakera Selman, Kyshona Knight, Odimumba Kwamdela, Hilary Beckles, Colin Young, Hugh Laing, and John Holder among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what famous people are from barbados?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what famous people are from kansas city?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04f_d ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04f_d fb:location.location.people_born_here ?x .
}

Using entities:
Kansas City, also known as Kansas City, Missouri, Platte County / Kansas City city (fb:m.04f_d): Kansas City, or K.C., is the largest city in the state of Missou...Civil War, including the Battle of Westport and Bleeding Kansas., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
People born here (fb:location.location.people_born_here): part of Location schema, links to type Person

Example 2:
Question:
what is a famous person from massachusetts?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.05k7sb ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.05k7sb fb:location.location.people_born_here ?x .
}

Using entities:
Massachusetts, also known as The Codfish State, US-MA, The Old Colony State, Mass., Mass (fb:m.05k7sb): Massachusetts /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/, officially the Commonwealth of M... the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States., has type US State

Using properties:
People born here (fb:location.location.people_born_here): part of Location schema, links to type Person

Example 3:
Question:
who are famous people from spain?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06mkj ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06mkj fb:location.location.people_born_here ?x .
}

Using entities:
Spain, also known as Kingdom of Spain, Furija, España (fb:m.06mkj): Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state loc...the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union., has type Country

Using properties:
People born here (fb:location.location.people_born_here): part of Location schema, links to type Person

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it appears that the property "fb:location.location.people_born_here" is used to find people born in a specific location. The approach is to find the entity for Barbados and then query for people born there using this property.

Next, I will search for the entity corresponding to Barbados in the Freebase knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Barbados (fb:m.0162v): Barbados is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles. I...from England, and it became an English and later British colony., has type Country
2. Barbados (fb:m.01lf09q): Barbados is a Swedish dansband, formed in 1992, who have had sev...g the band in 2007. The current lead singer is Björn Lagerström., has type Musical Group
3. Barbados (fb:m.0dpxrvb): has type Musical Recording
4. Barbados (fb:m.03cnkzy): "Barbados" is a jazz tune composed by Charlie Parker. It is a tw...1948, with Miles Davis, John Lewis, Curly Russell and Max Roach., has type Composition
5. Barbados (fb:m.010kx6z): has type Musical Recording
6. Barbados (fb:m.016g0k_): has type Musical Recording
7. Umotína Language, also known as Barbados, Umutina (fb:m.02hwqjf): Umotína is a nearly extinct language of Brazil. It is one of the few languages in the world with linguolabial consonants., has type Human Language
8. Barbados (fb:m.0f5rtxg): has type Musical Recording
9. Barbados (fb:m.0f6ktg): "Barbados" was a UK Number 1 single released in May 1975 by Typi... to Ibiza", also reached the UK Number 1 spot for The Vengaboys., has type Composition
10. Barbados (fb:m.010czy3): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for Barbados as a country is fb:m.0162v. Now I will use this entity to find famous people born in Barbados using the property fb:location.location.people_born_here.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personLabel            |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Hadan Holligan (fb:g.11b7k2x4z9)  | Hadan Holligan (en)    |
| Kycia Knight (fb:m.0107zsh2)      | Kycia Knight (en)      |
| Shaquana Quintyne (fb:m.0108fxhy) | Shaquana Quintyne (en) |
| Shakera Selman (fb:m.0108k30n)    | Shakera Selman (en)    |
| Kyshona Knight (fb:m.010944fr)    | Kyshona Knight (en)    |
| ...                               | ...                    |
| Odimumba Kwamdela (fb:m.05xcwdm)  | Odimumba Kwamdela (en) |
| Hilary Beckles (fb:m.05yp45f)     | Hilary Beckles (en)    |
| Colin Young (fb:m.05zqm30)        | Colin Young (en)       |
| Hugh Laing (fb:m.05zyb9w)         | Hugh Laing (en)        |
| John Holder (fb:m.0642g82)        | John Holder (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT ?color ?colorLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02896 fb:sports.sports_team.colors ?color .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabel FILTER ( lang( ?colorLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| color                    | colorLabel      |
| ------------------------ | --------------- |
| Blue (fb:m.01g5v)        | Blue (en)       |
| Navy Blue (fb:m.02rnmb)  | Navy Blue (en)  |
| Silver (fb:m.03vtbc)     | Silver (en)     |
| Royal blue (fb:m.06kqt3) | Royal blue (en) |
| White (fb:m.083jv)       | White (en)      |

The official colors of the Dallas Cowboys are Blue, Navy Blue, Silver, Royal Blue, and White.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the official colors of the dallas cowboys?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
when was the last time the dallas cowboys went to the super bowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  fb:m.06x5s fb:sports.sports_championship.events ?x .
  {
    {
      ?x fb:sports.sports_championship_event.runner_up fb:m.02896 .
    } UNION {
      ?x fb:sports.sports_championship_event.champion fb:m.02896 .
    }
  }
  ?x fb:time.event.start_date ?d .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?d )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Dallas Cowboys, also known as Doomsday Defense, The Boys, Big D, America's Team (fb:m.02896):     The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team...e 2 placed the Cowboys at the top of its Ultimate Power Ranking., The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team loc...th are second to Pittsburgh's record 6 Super Bowl championships., has type Professional Sports Team
Super Bowl, also known as Superbowl start, Superbowl kickoff what time, Super Bowl NFL, Super bowl played, Superbowl played (fb:m.06x5s): The Super Bowl is the annual championship game of the National F...ue with 26 wins to 23 wins for the American Football Conference., has type Sports League Championship

Using properties:
Events (fb:sports.sports_championship.events): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports League Championship schema
Champion (fb:sports.sports_championship_event.champion): part of Sports League Championship Event schema, links to type Sports Team
Runner-up (fb:sports.sports_championship_event.runner_up): part of Sports League Championship Event schema, links to type Sports Team
Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

Example 2:
Question:
what years have the dallas cowboys won the superbowl?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02896 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02896 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
}

Using entities:
Dallas Cowboys, also known as Doomsday Defense, The Boys, Big D, America's Team (fb:m.02896):     The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team...e 2 placed the Cowboys at the top of its Ultimate Power Ranking., The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team loc...th are second to Pittsburgh's record 6 Super Bowl championships., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
when was the last dallas cowboys super bowl win?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02896 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02896 fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:sports.sports_championship_event.champion fb:m.02896 .
  ?x fb:time.event.end_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Dallas Cowboys, also known as Doomsday Defense, The Boys, Big D, America's Team (fb:m.02896):     The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team...e 2 placed the Cowboys at the top of its Ultimate Power Ranking., The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team loc...th are second to Pittsburgh's record 6 Super Bowl championships., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Champion (fb:sports.sports_championship_event.champion): part of Sports League Championship Event schema, links to type Sports Team
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
End date (fb:time.event.end_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

[Assistant] The examples show that the Dallas Cowboys entity in Freebase is fb:m.02896. Now I want to find properties related to colors or official colors for this entity. I will search for properties of the Dallas Cowboys entity related to "color".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Colors (fb:sports.sports_team.colors): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Color
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. Image (fb:common.topic.image): part of Topic schema, links to type Image
4. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
5. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
6. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
7. Sport (fb:sports.sports_team.sport): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Sport
8. Position (fb:user.szaijan.fantasy_football.player.position): links to type Position, part of Player schema
9. Member of (fb:sports.sports_team.league): links to type Sports league participation, part of Sports Team schema
10. Division (fb:american_football.football_team.division): links to type American football division, part of American football team schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The Dallas Cowboys entity (fb:m.02896) has a property "Colors" (fb:sports.sports_team.colors) which is likely to hold the official colors of the team. I will now query the colors of the Dallas Cowboys using this property.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| color                    | colorLabel      |
| ------------------------ | --------------- |
| Blue (fb:m.01g5v)        | Blue (en)       |
| Navy Blue (fb:m.02rnmb)  | Navy Blue (en)  |
| Silver (fb:m.03vtbc)     | Silver (en)     |
| Royal blue (fb:m.06kqt3) | Royal blue (en) |
| White (fb:m.083jv)       | White (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?institution ?institutionLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.019fz fb:people.person.education ?education .
  ?education fb:education.education.institution ?institution .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?institution rdfs:label ?institutionLabel FILTER ( lang( ?institutionLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| institution                       | institutionLabel         |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Boston Latin School (fb:m.02kj7g) | Boston Latin School (en) |

Benjamin Franklin was educated at Boston Latin School.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was benjamin franklin educated?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where was benjamin franklin raised?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.019fz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.019fz fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Benjamin Franklin, also known as Ben Franklin (fb:m.019fz): Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United ...s, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment., Benjamin Franklin (1706  1790) was an inventor, publisher. scien...ng library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania., has type U.S. Congressperson

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
where was ben franklin born?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.019fz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.019fz fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?x .
}

Using entities:
Benjamin Franklin, also known as Ben Franklin (fb:m.019fz): Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United ...s, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment., Benjamin Franklin (1706  1790) was an inventor, publisher. scien...ng library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania., has type U.S. Congressperson

Using properties:
Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
where did benjamin franklin died?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.019fz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.019fz fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Benjamin Franklin, also known as Ben Franklin (fb:m.019fz): Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United ...s, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment., Benjamin Franklin (1706  1790) was an inventor, publisher. scien...ng library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania., has type U.S. Congressperson

Using properties:
Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location

[Assistant] The examples show that Benjamin Franklin is identified as fb:m.019fz in Freebase. Now, I need to find a property related to education or where he was educated. I will search for properties of Benjamin Franklin related to education.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema
2. Disciplines (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.disciplines): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
3. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
4. Official website (fb:common.topic.official_website): part of Topic schema, links to type URI
5. Assessment (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.assessment): part of KWTopic schema, links to type Text
6. Religion (fb:people.person.religion): links to type Religion, part of Person schema
7. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
8. Connections to (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to): links to type KWConnection, part of KWTopic schema
9. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] There is a property fb:people.person.education which links to type Education and is part of the Person schema. This seems to be the property that can tell us where Benjamin Franklin was educated. I will now query for the education of Benjamin Franklin (fb:m.019fz).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| education    | educationLabel |
| ------------ | -------------- |
| fb:m.040vjzw |                |

[Assistant] Benjamin Franklin's education is linked to the entity fb:m.040vjzw. I will now look up the label or details of this education entity to understand where he was educated.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The education entity fb:m.040vjzw does not have an English label. I will try to get more information about this entity by listing its properties and values.

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject      | property                                              | object                              |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Type (fb:type.object.type)                            | Education (fb:education.education)  |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)   | Student (fb:m.028xmhx)              |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Has no value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_no_value) | Major/Field Of Study (fb:m.028xml4) |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Institution (fb:education.education.institution)      | Boston Latin School (fb:m.02kj7g)   |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Student (fb:education.education.student)              | Benjamin Franklin (fb:m.019fz)      |
| fb:m.040vjzw | End Date (fb:education.education.end_date)            | 1716 (xsd:gYear)                    |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Start Date (fb:education.education.start_date)        | 1714 (xsd:gYear)                    |
| fb:m.040vjzw | rdf:type                                              | Education (fb:education.education)  |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)   | Institution (fb:m.04qs)             |
| fb:m.040vjzw | Is reviewed (fb:freebase.valuenotation.is_reviewed)   | Start Date (fb:m.028xmgn)           |
| ...          | ...                                                   | ...                                 |

[Assistant] The education entity fb:m.040vjzw is linked to the institution "Boston Latin School" (fb:m.02kj7g) where Benjamin Franklin was a student from 1714 to 1716. This indicates that Benjamin Franklin was educated at Boston Latin School. I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?county ?countyLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0d9z_y fb:location.location.containedby ?county .
  ?county rdfs:label ?countyLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?countyLabel ) = "en" )
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| county                                 | countyLabel                   |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (en) |
| Miller County (fb:m.0p2xk)             | Miller County (en)            |
| Arkansas (fb:m.0vbk)                   | Arkansas (en)                 |

Texarkana, Arkansas is in Miller County.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what county is texarkana arkansas in?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is canadian county oklahoma?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0my97 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0my97 fb:location.location.containedby ?x .
}

Using entities:
Canadian County (fb:m.0my97): Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahom...lso part of the Oklahoma City, OK Metropolitan Statistical Area., has type US County

Using properties:
Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location

[Assistant] From the example, we see that the property fb:location.location.containedby is used to find the county or larger location that a place is contained by. Next, I will search for the entity Texarkana Arkansas in the knowledge graph to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Texarkana, Arkansas, also known as Miller County / Texarkana city, Texarkana, Texarkana, Arkansas (fb:m.0d9z_y): Texarkana is the largest city and the county seat of Miller Coun...ation of the two Texarkana cities was 66,330 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
2. Texarkana Arkansas School District (fb:m.027zcr2): The Texarkana Arkansas School District is a U.S. school district...include North Heights Jr. High and Arkansas High School in 2006., has type School district
3. Texarkana, Arkansas, Municipal Building (fb:m.0125kw_b): The Municipal Building of Texarkana, Arkansas, is located at Wal... was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
4. Location of Texarkana, Arkansas (fb:m.0294c0h)
5. Arkansas, also known as Natural State, AR, Ark (fb:m.0vbk): Arkansas is a state located in the Southern region of the United... The largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro., has type US State
6. Texarkana, also known as Bowie County / Texarkana city, Texarkana, Texas (fb:m.0_yjd): Texarkana is a city in Bowie County, Texas, United States, locat...us, and the metropolitan area had a total population of 136,027., has type City/Town/Village
7. Quapaw Language, also known as Arkansas, Ogaxpa, Capa, Alkansea (fb:m.02hxns7): Quapaw, or Arkansas, is a Siouan language of the Quapaw people, ... to the other Dhegihan languages: Kansa, Omaha, Osage and Ponca., has type Human Language
8. Texarkana (fb:m.0lhsty): has type Musical Recording
9. Arkansas, also known as Arkansas, West Virginia (fb:m.09ql42): Arkansas is an unincorporated community in Hardy County, West Vi...on Arkansaw Road County Route 3/2 off of West Virginia Route 29., has type City/Town/Village
10. Arkansas (fb:m.0mg823): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity Texarkana, Arkansas is identified as fb:m.0d9z_y. From the example, the property to find the containing county is fb:location.location.containedby. I will now query the county that Texarkana, Arkansas is contained by.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| county                                 | countyLabel                   |
| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| United States of America (fb:m.09c7w0) | United States of America (en) |
| Miller County (fb:m.0p2xk)             | Miller County (en)            |
| Arkansas (fb:m.0vbk)                   | Arkansas (en)                 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?spouse ?spouseLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.05np4c fb:people.person.spouse_s ?marriage .
  ?marriage fb:people.marriage.spouse ?spouse .
  ?marriage fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
  FILTER ( ?spouse != fb:m.05np4c ) OPTIONAL {
    ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseLabel
  }
}
LIMIT 1

Ellen Pompeo, the actress who plays Meredith Gray, is married to Chris Ivery in real life.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is meredith gray married to in real life?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is jason morgan married to in real life?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  fb:m.0b4nb8 fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?z .
  ?z fb:people.person.spouse_s ?s .
  ?s fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?s fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
  Filter ( ?x != ?z ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?s fb:people.marriage.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?s fb:people.marriage.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?s fb:people.marriage.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?s fb:people.marriage.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2015-08-10" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) ?s fb:people.marriage.from ?sk4 .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk4 ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice
Jason Morgan (fb:m.0b4nb8): Jason Morgan is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, Gen...rmaine that left him with irreversible brain damage and amnesia., has type TV Character

Using properties:
From (fb:people.marriage.from): links to type Date/Time, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
To (fb:people.marriage.to): links to type Date/Time, part of Marriage schema
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema
Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Actor
Programs in which this was a regular character (fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Character schema

Example 2:
Question:
who did rufus wainwright married?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02_t2t ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02_t2t fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Rufus Wainwright, also known as Rufus Wainright, Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright (fb:m.02_t2t): Rufus McGarrigle Wainwright is an American-Canadian singer-songw...akespeare sonnets to music for a theater piece by Robert Wilson., has type Musical Artist
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
who did corey feldman married?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0mdyn ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0mdyn fb:people.person.spouse_s ?y .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.spouse ?x .
  ?y fb:people.marriage.type_of_union fb:m.04ztj .
}

Using entities:
Marriage, also known as Matrimony, Wedlock (fb:m.04ztj): Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or rit...of concerns for women's rights and because of international law., has type Religious Practice
Corey Feldman, also known as Edggar Frogg, Kinky Finkelstein, Feldog, Cory Feldman, Corey Scott Feldman (fb:m.0mdyn): Corey Scott Feldman is an American actor and singer. He became w...eldman is also the lead singer for the rock band Truth Movement., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Spouse (fb:people.marriage.spouse): part of Marriage schema, links to type Person
Type of union (fb:people.marriage.type_of_union): links to type Marriage/union type, part of Marriage schema
Spouse (or domestic partner) (fb:people.person.spouse_s): links to type Marriage, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, I see that the property fb:people.person.spouse_s is used to link a person to their marriage, and then the marriage has a property fb:people.marriage.spouse to link to the spouse. The type of union is filtered to be marriage (fb:m.04ztj).

Next, I will search for the entity "Meredith Gray" in the knowledge graph to find the correct identifier for her.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gray Meredith (fb:m.0hnjvrr): Gray Meredith is a fictional character from the film A Bill of Divorcement., has type Film character
2. Grey, also known as gray (fb:m.036k5h): Grey or gray is an intermediate color between black and white. I...nly one percent of respondents chose it as their favorite color., has type Color
3. Gray, also known as ㏉ (fb:m.01q5dt): The gray is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the Int...for U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology authors., has type Unit of Absorbed Dose
4. Gray, also known as Grey (fb:m.04pkcr): Gray or grey is a coat color of horses characterized by progress...rk eyes. This is how to discern a gray horse from a white horse., has type Color
5. Gray, also known as Gray, Georgia, Jones County / Gray city (fb:m.0rxml): Gray is a city in Jones County, Georgia, United States. The popu...seat of Jones County. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Area., has type City/Town/Village
6. Gray, also known as Audubon County / Gray city, Gray, Iowa (fb:m.0srlk): Gray is a city in Audubon County, Iowa, United States, along the...est Nishnabotna River. The population was 63 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
7. Gray, also known as Gray, Haute-Saone (fb:m.0bvf71): Gray is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of...mté in eastern France. It has a population of 6,175 inhabitants., has type City/Town/Village
8. Meredith, also known as Meredith, New Hampshire (fb:m.01m8wq): Meredith is a town in Belknap County, New Hampshire, USA. The po...hire Route 25 at the head of Meredith Bay on Lake Winnipesaukee., has type City/Town/Village
9. Gray, also known as Gray, Maine (fb:m.0tpf0): Gray is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States. The p...e. Mayall Mill c. 1908 Gray Corner in 1908 The Elm House c. 1910, has type City/Town/Village
10. Gray, also known as Gray, Tennessee, Washington County / Gray CDP (fb:m.0_x6x): Gray is a census-designated place in Washington County, Tennesse...Gray Fossil Site. Some of Gray has been annexed by Johnson City., has type US Census Designated Place

[Assistant]
The search did not return an entity for Meredith Gray as a person or actress, only a fictional character named "Gray Meredith" which is not the same. Meredith Gray is a fictional character from the TV show "Grey's Anatomy," so the real-life person would be the actress who plays her.

I will now search for the actress who plays Meredith Gray in real life. I will search for "Meredith Gray actress" to find the real person.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gray Meredith (fb:m.0hnjvrr): Gray Meredith is a fictional character from the film A Bill of Divorcement., has type Film character
2. Actor, also known as Theatre Actor, Actress, Movie actress, Movie actor, Film actress (fb:m.02hrh1q): An actor is a person portraying a character in a dramatic or com...times, women occasionally played the roles of prepubescent boys., has type Profession
3. Grey, also known as gray (fb:m.036k5h): Grey or gray is an intermediate color between black and white. I...nly one percent of respondents chose it as their favorite color., has type Color
4. Gray, also known as ㏉ (fb:m.01q5dt): The gray is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the Int...for U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology authors., has type Unit of Absorbed Dose
5. Gray, also known as Grey (fb:m.04pkcr): Gray or grey is a coat color of horses characterized by progress...rk eyes. This is how to discern a gray horse from a white horse., has type Color
6. Gray, also known as Gray, Georgia, Jones County / Gray city (fb:m.0rxml): Gray is a city in Jones County, Georgia, United States. The popu...seat of Jones County. It is part of the Macon Metropolitan Area., has type City/Town/Village
7. Darren J. Cunningham, also known as Darren J. Cunningham, Actress (fb:m.03f146c): Darren J. Cunningham is a British electronic musician, best know..., Nonplus Records, and Werkdiscs, a label he co-founded in 2004., has type Composer
8. Centre Stage, also known as Yuen Ling-yuk, Actress, Ruan Ling-yu, Ruan ling yu (fb:m.04d2ht): Centre Stage, also known as Actress and Yuen Ling-yuk, is a 1992...onal Film Festival in 1992 for her delicate portraiture of Ruan., has type Award-Winning Work
9. Gray, also known as Audubon County / Gray city, Gray, Iowa (fb:m.0srlk): Gray is a city in Audubon County, Iowa, United States, along the...est Nishnabotna River. The population was 63 at the 2010 census., has type City/Town/Village
10. Gray, also known as Gray, Haute-Saone (fb:m.0bvf71): Gray is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of...mté in eastern France. It has a population of 6,175 inhabitants., has type City/Town/Village

[Assistant] The search did not return a direct entity for the actress who plays Meredith Gray. Meredith Gray is famously portrayed by Ellen Pompeo in real life. I will now search for the entity "Ellen Pompeo" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ellen Pompeo, also known as Ellen Kathleen Pompeo, Stracciatella, The Pencil (fb:m.05np4c): Ellen Kathleen Pompeo is an American actress. She rose to fame f..., she has appeared in Moonlight Mile, Old School, and Daredevil., has type Celebrity
2. Ellen Pompeo, also known as Ellen Pompeo, Kenny Chesney (fb:m.0dkm30w): What could possibly be better than an incredibly talented kid? T...gway's Whiskey" and will drop by to perform and chat with Ellen., has type TV Episode
3. Ellen Pompeo (fb:m.0jgxw5d): Round table comics include Dan Maurio, Natasha Leggero and Matt Braunger. Tonight's guest is Ellen Pompeo., has type TV Episode
4. Ellen Pompeo (fb:m.0j942lh): Actress Ellen Pompeo (``Grey's Anatomy'')., has type TV Episode
5. Ellen Pompeo (fb:m.0j9460h): Ellen Pompeo on Grey's Anatomy celebrates Mardi Gras with Ellen. Mike Tyson talks about his newest show Taking on Tyson., has type TV Episode
6. Ellen Pompeo (fb:m.08w4kxh)
7. Jewel, Ellen Pompeo; (fb:m.07n5m2f): has type TV Episode
8. Ellen Pompeo Pictures (fb:m.0cpxf9t)
9. Ellen Pompeo/Graig Ferguson (fb:m.05dnvpw): Ellen celebrates Cinco de Mayo, and you're invited to the party....is best selling book, "<i>Between the Bridge and the River</i>.", Ellen celebrates Cinco de Mayo, and you're invited to the party....about his best selling book, "Between the Bridge and the River.", has type TV Episode
10. Ellen Pompeo/Michael Eisner (fb:m.07n5gmv): MICHAEL EISNER stops by to share some stories with Regis and Kel...Plus a performance from the Broadway percussion show DRUMSTRUCK., has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for Ellen Pompeo, the actress who plays Meredith Gray, is fb:m.05np4c. Now I will construct a query to find who Ellen Pompeo is married to in real life using the marriage properties seen in the examples.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| spouse                     | spouseLabel      |
| -------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Chris Ivery (fb:m.09k5l7w) | Chris Ivery (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.06cmp fb:location.country.official_language ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                    | languageLabel       |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Latin Language (fb:m.04h9h) | Latin Language (en) |

The ancient Romans spoke Latin, which was the official language of the Roman Empire.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did the ancient romans speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what language did ancient romans write in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.06cmp ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.06cmp fb:fictional_universe.fictional_setting.languages ?x .
}

Using entities:
Roman Empire, also known as IMPERIVM ROMANVM (fb:m.06cmp): The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient R...an's victory, the size of the Empire was dramatically increased., has type Country

Using properties:
Languages (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_setting.languages): links to type Language in fiction, part of Fictional Setting schema

Example 2:
Question:
where does the roman language come from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04h9h ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04h9h fb:language.human_language.language_family ?x .
}

Using entities:
Latin Language, also known as Latin language, Latin, Latina (fb:m.04h9h): Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of ...the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars., has type Human Language

Using properties:
Language Family (fb:language.human_language.language_family): part of Human Language schema, links to type Language Family

Example 3:
Question:
what did egyptians speak?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.025tvhm ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.025tvhm fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egyptians (fb:m.025tvhm): Egyptians are an ethnic group and the citizens of Egypt sharing ...c, is the most recent stage of the indigenous Egyptian language., has type Ethnicity

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Ethnicity schema

[Assistant] From the examples, it seems that the ancient Romans can be represented by an entity related to the Roman Empire or Romans, and the property related to languages spoken by an ethnicity or people is fb:people.ethnicity.languages_spoken. I will first try to find the entity for ancient Romans or Roman Empire in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ancient Romans (fb:m.0npjqgj): has type Consumer product
2. Ancient Romans (fb:m.0np5qbc): has type Musical Album
3. Ancient Romans (fb:m.04wd5hq): has type Book
4. The ancient Romans (fb:m.04wbfjf): has type Book
5. Law Ancient Romans (fb:m.066xck_): has type Book
6. The ancient Romans (fb:m.06gfd22): has type Book
7. The ancient Romans (fb:m.069qtdk): has type Book
8. The ancient Romans (fb:m.06947xc): has type Book
9. The ancient Romans (fb:m.06jfjnn): has type Book
10. Ancient Romans Jigsaw Book (fb:m.06swl5f): has type Book

[Assistant] The search for "ancient romans" returned mostly books and other unrelated types, not the people or ethnicity entity we need. I will try searching for "Romans" or "Roman Empire" to find a more suitable entity representing the ancient Romans as a people or ethnicity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. ROMANS, also known as Romans (fb:m.01s7019): Romans was a short-lived female Japanese pop unit formed in 2003...003, ranking N°10 on Oricon charts, and disbanded the same year., has type Musical Group
2. Romans (fb:m.0nb1pv0): Romans is a 2013 Malayalam comedy suspense thriller film directe... was a commercial success at the box-office as well as overseas., has type Award-Winning Work
3. Romans, also known as Romans (fb:m.0fw26wf): has type Musical Artist
4. Romans, also known as Tony Robinson's Romans (fb:m.06zq8nr): Romans is a documentary created by Tony Robinson about the Roman...y him in a better light. The last episode portrays emperor Nero., has type TV Program
5. Romans (fb:m.0rnpkl): has type Musical Recording
6. Romans (fb:m.086zk_y): has type Book Edition
7. Romans (fb:m.095vjsg): has type Book Edition
8. Romans (fb:m.0g2flgw): has type Musical Release
9. The Romans, also known as Romans, Romans, The (fb:g.121gzy8_): has type Musical Group
10. Романс (fb:m.033qnwz): has type Musical Release

[Assistant] The search for "Romans" did not return an entity representing the ancient Romans as a people or ethnicity either. I will try searching for "Roman Empire" to see if that leads to a more relevant entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Byzantine Empire, also known as Byzantium, Eastern Roman Empire, Roman Empire, Romania (fb:m.017cw): The Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, was the predomina...e Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves., has type Country
2. Roman Empire, also known as IMPERIVM ROMANVM (fb:m.06cmp): The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient R...an's victory, the size of the Empire was dramatically increased., has type Country
3. Roman Empire (fb:m.0dt2100): has type Musical Recording
4. Roman Empire (fb:m.0skq11c): has type Musical Recording
5. Roman empire (fb:m.04slq5_)
6. Roman Empire (fb:m.0llt9zt): Chivo gets violent with Roman, has type TV Episode
7. Roman Empire (fb:m.011lwgmy): Ancient texts help explain the Roman Empire's advanced technologies., has type TV Episode
8. Roman Empire (fb:m.069p45j): has type Book
9. Roman empire (fb:m.0291ym9)
10. Roman Empire (fb:m.07b1hhs)

[Assistant] I found an entity for the Roman Empire (fb:m.06cmp) which is the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization. This should be suitable to find the language spoken by the ancient Romans. Next, I will search for properties related to language or spoken language for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Languages (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_setting.languages): links to type Language in fiction, part of Fictional Setting schema
2. Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
4. Pronunciation (fb:base.schemastaging.context_name.pronunciation): links to type Pronunciation, part of Context name schema
5. Titles (fb:royalty.system_of_nobility.titles): links to type System-Title relationship, part of System of nobility schema
6. Adjectival form (fb:location.location.adjectival_form): part of Location schema, links to type Text
7. Adjectival form (fb:freebase.linguistic_hint.adjectival_form): part of Linguistic hint schema, links to type Text
8. Subject of (fb:common.topic.subject_of): part of Topic schema, links to type Topic
9. Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location
10. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Official Language" (fb:location.country.official_language) seems relevant for the Roman Empire entity to find the language they officially used or spoke. I will now query the official language of the Roman Empire (fb:m.06cmp).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| language                    | languageLabel       |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Latin Language (fb:m.04h9h) | Latin Language (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?capital ?capitalLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.02k54 fb:location.country.capital ?capital .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?capital rdfs:label ?capitalLabel FILTER ( lang( ?capitalLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| capital            | capitalLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------ |
| Cairo (fb:m.01w2v) | Cairo (en)   |

The capital of modern day Egypt is Cairo.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the capital of modern day egypt?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what is modern egyptian language?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02k54 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02k54 fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Arab Republic of Egypt (fb:m.02k54): Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinen...ater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta., has type Country

Using properties:
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
where do most of the people in egypt live?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02k54 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02k54 fb:location.location.contains ?x .
  ?x fb:topic_server.population_number ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:float ( ?sk0 ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Arab Republic of Egypt (fb:m.02k54): Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinen...ater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta., has type Country

Using properties:
Contains (fb:location.location.contains): part of Location schema, links to type Location

Example 3:
Question:
what is the political system in egypt?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.02k54 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.02k54 fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Egypt, also known as Arab Republic of Egypt (fb:m.02k54): Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinen...ater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta., has type Country

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that Egypt is represented by the entity fb:m.02k54 in Freebase. The property for capital city is not directly shown in the examples, so I will search for properties related to "capital" for the entity Egypt (fb:m.02k54). This will help me find the correct property to use in the query.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Capital (fb:location.country.capital): links to type City/Town/Village, part of Country schema
2. Flag (fb:symbols.flag_referent.flag): part of Flag referent schema, links to type Flag use
3. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
4. Market capitalization of listed companies (% of GDP) (fb:location.statistical_region.market_cap_of_listed_companies_as_percent_of_gdp): part of Statistical region schema, links to type Dated Percentage
5. entry (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_subject.entry): part of Taxonomy Subject schema, links to type Taxonomy Entry
6. Government (fb:government.governmental_jurisdiction.government): part of Governmental Jurisdiction schema, links to type Government
7. Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location
8. Area (fb:location.location.area): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Location schema
9. Type (fb:base.biblioness.bibs_location.loc_type): part of Bibs Location schema, links to type Text
10. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for capital city of a country in Freebase is fb:location.country.capital. Now I will write a SPARQL query to get the capital of Egypt (fb:m.02k54) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| capital            | capitalLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------ |
| Cairo (fb:m.01w2v) | Cairo (en)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?coach ?coachLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.0jm3v fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach ?coach .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?coach rdfs:label ?coachLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?coachLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The coach for the New York Knicks is Derek Fisher.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is the coach for the new york knicks?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who is the current coach of the new york knicks?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jm3v ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jm3v fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach ?x .
}

Using entities:
New York Knicks, also known as Knicks (fb:m.0jm3v): The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks,...ly guided the Knicks to two NBA championships, in 1970 and 1973., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Head Coach (fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach): links to type Basketball Coach, part of Basketball Team schema

Example 2:
Question:
who is the current coach of the chicago bulls?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jm74 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jm74 fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach ?x .
}

Using entities:
Chicago Bulls, also known as Bulls (fb:m.0jm74): The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team b...y $65 million in operating income from the 2014-2015 NBA season., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Head Coach (fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach): links to type Basketball Coach, part of Basketball Team schema

Example 3:
Question:
when did the ny knicks last win a championship?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0jm3v ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0jm3v fb:sports.sports_team.championships ?x .
  ?x fb:time.event.start_date ?sk0 .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk0 ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
New York Knicks, also known as Knicks (fb:m.0jm3v): The New York Knickerbockers, commonly referred to as the Knicks,...ly guided the Knicks to two NBA championships, in 1970 and 1973., has type Professional Sports Team

Using properties:
Championships (fb:sports.sports_team.championships): links to type Sports League Championship Event, part of Sports Team schema
Start date (fb:time.event.start_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Event schema

[Assistant] From the similar examples, I found that the New York Knicks entity in Freebase is fb:m.0jm3v and the property for head coach is fb:basketball.basketball_team.head_coach. I will now write a SPARQL query to find the coach for the New York Knicks using these identifiers.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| coach                      | coachLabel        |
| -------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Derek Fisher (fb:m.04lvwk) | Derek Fisher (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process