PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?politician ?spouse ?politicianLabel ?spouseLabel WHERE {
  ?politician wdt:P106 wd:Q82955 .
  ?politician wdt:P26 ?spouse .
  ?spouse wdt:P27 wd:Q183 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?politician rdfs:label ?politicianLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?politicianLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?spouseLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 740 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| politician                            | spouse                                   | politicianLabel            | spouseLabel                     |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Hans Georg Rupp (wd:Q108879)          | Wiltraut Rupp-von Brünneck (wd:Q1000023) | Hans Georg Rupp (en)       | Wiltraut Rupp-von Brünneck (en) |
| Hanns Martin Schleyer (wd:Q58758)     | Waltrude Schleyer (wd:Q100401)           | Hanns Martin Schleyer (en) | Waltrude Schleyer (en)          |
| Susanne Gaschke (wd:Q104875)          | Hans-Peter Bartels (wd:Q101192)          | Susanne Gaschke (en)       | Hans-Peter Bartels (en)         |
| Claudia Raffelhüschen (wd:Q108706759) | Bernd Raffelhüschen (wd:Q101261)         | Claudia Raffelhüschen (en) | Bernd Raffelhüschen (en)        |
| Kurt von Schleicher (wd:Q57133)       | Elisabeth von Schleicher (wd:Q101292)    | Kurt von Schleicher (en)   | Elisabeth von Schleicher (en)   |
| ...                                   | ...                                      | ...                        | ...                             |
| Horst Becker (wd:Q1629062)            | Claudia Wieja (wd:Q99773196)             | Horst Becker (en)          | Claudia Wieja (en)              |
| Oliver Helm (wd:Q1170657)             | Anne Helm (wd:Q99906)                    | Oliver Helm (en)           | Anne Helm (en)                  |
| Franz Jacob (wd:Q97587)               | Katharina Jacob (wd:Q99927)              | Franz Jacob (en)           | Katharina Jacob (en)            |
| Walter Hochmuth (wd:Q2544781)         | Katharina Jacob (wd:Q99927)              | Walter Hochmuth (en)       | Katharina Jacob (en)            |
| Karl Lauterbach (wd:Q105676)          | Angela Spelsberg (wd:Q99975451)          | Karl Lauterbach (en)       | Angela Spelsberg (en)           |

This query returns politicians (with their IRIs and optional English labels) who were married to someone with German citizenship (also with their IRIs and optional English labels).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which politicians were married to a German?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for politicians (occupation).
2. Who were married to someone with German nationality.

Step 1: Find the entity for "politician" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Find the property for "spouse" (to link politicians to their spouses).
Step 3: Find the property for "country of citizenship" or "nationality" (to check if the spouse is German).
Step 4: Find the entity for "Germany" or "German" nationality.

Let's start by searching for the entity "politician".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. politician, also known as pol, political leader, polit., political figure (wd:Q82955): person who holds or seeks positions in government
2. Almudena Martínez del Junco, also known as politician, Spanish (wd:Q127427405): politician in Spain, politician
3. Politician (wd:Q104854338): 1985 novel by Piers Anthony
4. Politician, also known as Jeongchiinssa (wd:Q97217684): South Korea's radio channels
5. Rohit Pal, also known as politician (wd:Q4699959): public figure
6. Cecilia Achieng Ayot, also known as Politician (wd:Q115153599): Kenyan Politician Member of County Assembly Ward Laini Saba, politician
7. David Ruong'o Okelo, also known as Politician (wd:Q115153352): Kenyan Politician, politician
8. Ahmed Abdullahi, also known as Politician (wd:Q114862677): Kenyan Politician
9. Babacar J. Diop, also known as Politician (wd:Q121790292): Babacar J. Diop is current Special Adviser of Youth Policies and...19 to 2022, he served as National Youth Program Officer for UNDP, politician
10. antony kiragu karanja, also known as Politician (wd:Q115153332): Kenyan Politician Minority Leader, politician

[Assistant]
The entity for "politician" as an occupation is wd:Q82955.

Next, let's find the property for "spouse" to link politicians to their spouses.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
2. relative, also known as relatives, grandparent, relation, non-binary parent, niece (wd:P1038 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property), significant person
3. unmarried partner, also known as romantic partner, partner of, partners, posslq, relationship (wd:P451 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): someone with whom the person is in a relationship without being married. Use "spouse" (P26) for married couples, significant person
4. married name, also known as full name (married) (wd:P2562 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): name or surname adopted by a person upon marriage, name
5. place of marriage, also known as marriage location, wedding location, wed at, married in, married at (wd:P2842 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): location where the marriage was celebrated. Use as qualifier for property "spouse" (P26), significant place
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. connects with, also known as contacts, couples with, intersects at grade, links to, mates with (wd:P2789 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): item with which the item is physically connected, physically interacts with
8. companion of, also known as has astronomical companion, has companion, companion, astronomic companion of, astronomic companion (wd:P399 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): two or more astronomic bodies of the same type relating to each other
9. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
10. relation (wd:P2309 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with P2...h the property "relative" is "type of kinship" (P1039), not this

[Assistant]
The property for "spouse" is wd:P26.

Next, we need to find the property for "country of citizenship" or "nationality" to check if the spouse is German. Let's search for "country of citizenship" and "nationality" properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
5. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
6. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
9. permanent resident of, also known as landed immigrant of, PR (wd:P5389 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country or region where a person has the legal status of permanent resident
10. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
3. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
4. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
5. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): date on which the subject was born, inception
6. category for people born here, also known as category for place of birth, category of people born here (wd:P1464 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): category item that groups people born in this place, related category
7. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
8. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
9. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
10. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth

[Assistant]
The property for "country of citizenship" (which also covers nationality) is wd:P27.

Now, let's find the entity for "Germany" to use as the value for the spouse's nationality.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
2. Weimar Republic, also known as German Republic, Weimar Germany, Republic of Germany, Germany, German Reich (wd:Q41304): Germany in the years 1918/1919–1933
3. German Reich, also known as Deutsches Reich, German Empire, German Realm, Germany, Imperial Germany (wd:Q1206012): official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945, and name of Germany until 1949
4. Burg Drachenfels, also known as Germany (wd:Q1011486): castle
5. Germany (wd:Q5552078): European Parliament constituency
6. Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg, also known as Germany (wd:Q2268218)
7. Germany, also known as Germany, IN, Germany, Indiana (wd:Q18151573): unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana
8. Germany (wd:Q19147844): poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky
9. Germany, also known as Ludwig, West (wd:Q3839160): Hetalia character
10. Germany, also known as Germany, Texas, Germany, TX (wd:Q15221573): unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States

[Assistant]
The entity for "Germany" as a country is wd:Q183.

Now, let's summarize the plan for the SPARQL query:
- Find people whose occupation (wdt:P106) is "politician" (wd:Q82955).
- Who have a spouse (wdt:P26).
- The spouse has country of citizenship (wdt:P27) Germany (wd:Q183).

Let's construct a SPARQL query that retrieves the IRIs of politicians whose spouse has German citizenship. Optionally, we can include their labels and their spouse's labels.

[Tool]
Got 740 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| politician                          | spouse                                 |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Eberhard Gothein (wd:Q100765)       | Marie-Luise Gothein (wd:Q97309)        |
| Hans-Peter Bartels (wd:Q101192)     | Susanne Gaschke (wd:Q104875)           |
| Karl Trimborn (wd:Q101327)          | Jeanne Trimborn (wd:Q1686020)          |
| Siegfried Balleis (wd:Q101881)      | Angelika Balleis (wd:Q41543230)        |
| Joachim von Ribbentrop (wd:Q101886) | Annelies von Ribbentrop (wd:Q15531167) |
| ...                                 | ...                                    |
| wd:Q99317                           | Jochen Dieckmann (wd:Q1691068)         |
| Wolfgang Gehrcke (wd:Q99456)        | Christiane Reymann (wd:Q15794276)      |
| Claudia Wieja (wd:Q99773196)        | Horst Becker (wd:Q1629062)             |
| Wilhelm Polligkeit (wd:Q997978)     | Hilde Eiserhardt (wd:Q1618202)         |
| Anne Helm (wd:Q99906)               | Oliver Helm (wd:Q1170657)              |

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| politician                            | spouse                                   | politicianLabel            | spouseLabel                     |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Hans Georg Rupp (wd:Q108879)          | Wiltraut Rupp-von Brünneck (wd:Q1000023) | Hans Georg Rupp (en)       | Wiltraut Rupp-von Brünneck (en) |
| Hanns Martin Schleyer (wd:Q58758)     | Waltrude Schleyer (wd:Q100401)           | Hanns Martin Schleyer (en) | Waltrude Schleyer (en)          |
| Susanne Gaschke (wd:Q104875)          | Hans-Peter Bartels (wd:Q101192)          | Susanne Gaschke (en)       | Hans-Peter Bartels (en)         |
| Claudia Raffelhüschen (wd:Q108706759) | Bernd Raffelhüschen (wd:Q101261)         | Claudia Raffelhüschen (en) | Bernd Raffelhüschen (en)        |
| Kurt von Schleicher (wd:Q57133)       | Elisabeth von Schleicher (wd:Q101292)    | Kurt von Schleicher (en)   | Elisabeth von Schleicher (en)   |
| ...                                   | ...                                      | ...                        | ...                             |
| Emmy Damerius-Koenen (wd:Q110589)     | Helmut Damerius (wd:Q120445)             | Emmy Damerius-Koenen (en)  | Helmut Damerius (en)            |
| Hildegard Damerius (wd:Q15858697)     | Helmut Damerius (wd:Q120445)             | Hildegard Damerius (en)    | Helmut Damerius (en)            |
| Heinrich Lübke (wd:Q2582)             | Wilhelmine Lübke (wd:Q121260)            | Heinrich Lübke (en)        | Wilhelmine Lübke (en)           |
| Christian Gehlsen (wd:Q1079791)       | Toni Gehlsen (wd:Q121339204)             | Christian Gehlsen (en)     | Toni Gehlsen (en)               |
| Silke Lautenschläger (wd:Q109427)     | Dirk Metz (wd:Q1227974)                  | Silke Lautenschläger (en)  | Dirk Metz (en)                  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?start ?end WHERE {
  wd:Q33132 wdt:P580 ?start .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q33132 wdt:P582 ?end .
  }
}

The Battle of Gettysburg took place from July 1, 1863 to July 3, 1863.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Battle of Gettysburg?

[Assistant]
First, I need to identify the entity for the "Battle of Gettysburg" in Wikidata. Then, I need to find the property that represents the date or time when the battle occurred.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Battle of Gettysburg".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Battle of Gettysburg (wd:Q33132): 1863 battle of the American Civil War
2. The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as Battle of Gettysburg (wd:Q3985807): 1913 film by Charles Giblyn, Thomas H. Ince
3. The Battle of Gettysburg, also known as Battle of Gettysburg (wd:Q7715862): 1955 documentary film by Herman Hoffman
4. Battle of Gettysburg order of battle (wd:Q124022501)
5. The battle of Gettysburg (wd:Q74684783): scientific article published on 01 August 1990
6. Gettysburg Confederate order of battle (wd:Q904364): 1863 American order of battle
7. Gettysburg Union order of battle (wd:Q840730)
8. Battle of Gettysburg, First Day (wd:Q841268): first day of the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War
9. Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day (wd:Q905574): battle of the American Civil War
10. Battle of Gettysburg half dollar (wd:Q28104126): Background

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the "Battle of Gettysburg" is wd:Q33132.

Next, I need to find the property that represents the date or time when this battle occurred. Common properties for this are "point in time", "start time", or "date". I will search for properties related to "date" or "time" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdt/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as wdt/p): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
3. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt/p): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdtn/wdt/p): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
6. participant, also known as suspect, player, party, participants, has participant (wd:P710 as wdt/p): person, group of people or organization (object) that actively t...ct has role" (P3831). Use P1923 for participants that are teams., significant person
7. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
8. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdt/p): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant properties for the date of the Battle of Gettysburg are "start time" (wdt:P580) and "end time" (wdt:P582). Since battles typically have both a start and end date, I will retrieve both for completeness.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to get the start and end time of the Battle of Gettysburg (wd:Q33132), including optional labels for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| start                               | end                                 |
| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| 1863-07-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1863-07-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?work WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P50 wd:Q72653 ; wdt:P31 ?type .
  VALUES ?type {
    wd:Q3331189 wd:Q47461344 wd:Q7725634
  }
}

Got 229 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                   |
| -------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q100257629                          |
| Jewels (wd:Q10306884)                  |
| The Promise (wd:Q10381720)             |
| The Sins of the Mother (wd:Q107074924) |
| First Sight (wd:Q107074970)            |
| ...                                    |
| The Wedding (wd:Q7774042)              |
| Thurston House (wd:Q7799449)           |
| Toxic Bachelors (wd:Q7830354)          |
| Wanderlust (wd:Q7967238)               |
| Sunset in St. Tropez (wd:Q951140)      |

All books and literary works written by Danielle Steel (wd:Q72653) in Wikidata are returned by this query. The query includes works typed as 'literary work', 'written work', or 'version, edition or translation', which covers the types used for her books in Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Give me all books written by Danielle Steel.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants all books written by Danielle Steel.
2. We need to identify:
   - The entity for Danielle Steel.
   - The property that links an author to a book.
   - The class or type for "book".

First, I'll search for the entity "Danielle Steel" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Danielle Steel, also known as Danielle Fernandes Dominique Schülein-Steel, Danielle Fernandes Dominique Schuelein-Steel (wd:Q72653): children's writer, American writer, novelist, writer
2. Danielle Steel's Star, also known as Star (wd:Q4189382): 1993 film directed by Michael Miller
3. Changes, also known as Danielle Steel's Changes (wd:Q4994471): 1991 television film directed by Charles Jarrott
4. Secrets, also known as Danielle Steel's Secrets (wd:Q2264138): 1992 American television film by Peter H. Hunt
5. Daddy, also known as Danielle Steel's Daddy (wd:Q5207983): 1991 television film
6. Kaleidoscope, also known as Danielle Steel's Kaleidoscope (wd:Q6351961): 1990 film directed by Jud Taylor
7. Danielle Steel's 'Palomino' (wd:Q5219445): 1991 television film
8. Mixed Blessings, also known as Danielle Steel's Mixed Blessings (wd:Q6883881): 1995 American television film directed by Bethany Rooney
9. Danielle Steel's A Perfect Stranger (wd:Q5219446): 1994 TV-film by Michael Miller
10. Message from Nam, also known as Danielle Steel's 'Message from Nam' (wd:Q3492381): 1993 television film

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Danielle Steel, the author, is wd:Q72653.

Next, I need to find the property that links an author to a book. I'll search for properties related to "author".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant]
The property "author" (wdt:P50) is the main creator(s) of a written work and is the correct property to use to link Danielle Steel to her books.

Next, I need to ensure I only get "books". I'll search for the entity for "book" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
2. book (wd:Q997698): common figure in heraldry, used as a symbol of scholarship
3. book graph, also known as book (wd:Q4942925): one of two types of graph: quadrilateral books and square books
4. Kasidet Plookphol, also known as Book (wd:Q110897550): television actor, Thai actor, actor
5. Book (wd:Q5851422): village in Iran
6. Book (wd:Q16860229): family name
7. Book (wd:Q106838557): 2021 studio album by They Might Be Giants
8. .book (wd:Q24033188): top-level domain
9. Book Book, also known as Book Book, New South Wales, Book Book, New South Wales, Australia (wd:Q4942928): suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
10. Book, also known as Book, LA, Book, Louisiana (wd:Q17986011): human settlement in United States of America

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "book" as a medium for recording information is wd:Q571.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all items that:
- Have Danielle Steel (wd:Q72653) as their author (wdt:P50)
- Are instances of book (wd:Q571)

I'll also include optional labels for the results.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query returned no results. This could mean that not all books by Danielle Steel are directly typed as "book" (wd:Q571) in Wikidata, or that some may use subclasses of "book" (e.g., "novel", "written work", etc.).

To address this, I will broaden the query to include works that are instances of subclasses of "book". First, I will check for common subclasses of "book" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Got 295 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| subclass                        |
| ------------------------------- |
| bunkobon (wd:Q1009641)          |
| sample book (wd:Q102700083)     |
| wd:Q10438505                    |
| lost book (wd:Q104438918)       |
| medical book (wd:Q10571815)     |
| ...                             |
| educational book (wd:Q92257259) |
| library book (wd:Q92259224)     |
| used book (wd:Q944359)          |
| wd:Q97501585                    |
| wd:Q99340932                    |

[Assistant]
There are many subclasses of "book" (wd:Q571) in Wikidata. To ensure we capture all relevant works, I'll modify the query to include all items that are instances of "book" or any of its subclasses.

This can be done using the wdt:P31/wdt:P279* path, which matches instances of "book" or any subclass thereof.

I'll update the query accordingly.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The broader query still returns no results. This suggests that Danielle Steel's works may not be consistently typed as "book" or its subclasses in Wikidata, or they may be typed more generally (e.g., as "written work" or "novel").

To investigate further, I will check what types (wdt:P31) are used for works authored by Danielle Steel. I'll query for all items with Danielle Steel as author and retrieve their instance types.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| type                                          | typeLabel                            |
| --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| version, edition or translation (wd:Q3331189) | version, edition or translation (en) |
| written work (wd:Q47461344)                   | written work (en)                    |
| album (wd:Q482994)                            | album (en)                           |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634)                   | literary work (en)                   |

[Assistant]
The types used for Danielle Steel's works are:
- version, edition or translation (wd:Q3331189)
- written work (wd:Q47461344)
- album (wd:Q482994)
- literary work (wd:Q7725634)

"Album" is likely irrelevant, but the others are relevant for written works. To maximize coverage, I'll retrieve all items authored by Danielle Steel that are instances of any of these types (excluding "album").

I'll update the query to include these three types.

[Tool]
Got 229 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                   | workLabel                   | type                        |
| -------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| wd:Q100257629                          |                             | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| Jewels (wd:Q10306884)                  | Jewels (en)                 | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| The Promise (wd:Q10381720)             | The Promise (en)            | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| The Sins of the Mother (wd:Q107074924) | The Sins of the Mother (en) | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| First Sight (wd:Q107074970)            | First Sight (en)            | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| ...                                    | ...                         | ...                         |
| The Wedding (wd:Q7774042)              | The Wedding (en)            | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| Thurston House (wd:Q7799449)           | Thurston House (en)         | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| Toxic Bachelors (wd:Q7830354)          | Toxic Bachelors (en)        | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| Wanderlust (wd:Q7967238)               | Wanderlust (en)             | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |
| Sunset in St. Tropez (wd:Q951140)      | Sunset in St. Tropez (en)   | literary work (wd:Q7725634) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?daughter ?daughterLabel ?spouse ?spouseLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q25310 wdt:P40 ?daughter .
  ?daughter wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?daughter wdt:P26 ?spouse .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?daughter rdfs:label ?daughterLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?daughterLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?spouseLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 4 columns:
| daughter                               | daughterLabel                  | spouse                             | spouseLabel              |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Kerry Kennedy (wd:Q467912)             | Kerry Kennedy (en)             | Andrew Cuomo (wd:Q11673)           | Andrew Cuomo (en)        |
| Courtney Kennedy Hill (wd:Q5178632)    | Courtney Kennedy Hill (en)     | Paul Hill (wd:Q15133215)           | Paul Hill (en)           |
| Rory Kennedy (wd:Q273833)              | Rory Kennedy (en)              | Mark Bailey (wd:Q29938796)         | Mark Bailey (en)         |
| Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (wd:Q467861) | Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (en) | David Lee Townsend (wd:Q75326812)  | David Lee Townsend (en)  |
| Courtney Kennedy Hill (wd:Q5178632)    | Courtney Kennedy Hill (en)     | Jeffrey Robert Ruhe (wd:Q75326831) | Jeffrey Robert Ruhe (en) |

Here is the answer based on Wikidata:

Robert F. Kennedy has several daughters, each with their own spouse(s):

- Kerry Kennedy is married to Andrew Cuomo.
- Courtney Kennedy Hill is married to Paul Hill and was also married to Jeffrey Robert Ruhe.
- Rory Kennedy is married to Mark Bailey.
- Kathleen Kennedy Townsend is married to David Lee Townsend.

Here is the SPARQL query used:

```sparql
SELECT ?daughter ?daughterLabel ?spouse ?spouseLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q25310 wdt:P40 ?daughter .
  ?daughter wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
  OPTIONAL { ?daughter wdt:P26 ?spouse . }
  OPTIONAL { ?daughter rdfs:label ?daughterLabel FILTER (LANG(?daughterLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseLabel FILTER (LANG(?spouseLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let me know if you want information about a specific daughter.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who is the daughter of Robert Kennedy married to?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify Robert Kennedy in Wikidata.
2. Then, find his daughter(s).
3. For each daughter, find her spouse (who she is married to).

Let's start by searching for "Robert Kennedy" in Wikidata to get the correct entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Robert F. Kennedy, also known as Robert Kennedy, Robert Francis Kennedy, RFK, Bobby Kennedy (wd:Q25310): United States politician, military officer, politician, lawyer, writer
2. Robert Kennedy, also known as Robert L. Kennnedy (wd:Q59010): Irish field hockey player (1880–1963), field hockey player
3. Bobby Kennedy, also known as Robert Kennedy (wd:Q4935237): Scottish footballer and manager, association football manager, association football player
4. Robert Kennedy, also known as Robert John Kennedy (wd:Q7346314): New Zealand cricketer, cricketer
5. Robert P. Kennedy, also known as Robert Kennedy, Robert Patterson Kennedy (wd:Q7348217): Union Army officer (1840–1918), military officer, politician, lawyer
6. Robert Kennedy (wd:Q7346315): Canadian publisher (1938–2012), publisher
7. Robert B. Kennedy, also known as R. B. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy (wd:Q16105383): American politician, politician
8. Bob Kennedy, also known as Robert Kennedy, Robert Michael Kennedy (wd:Q4933007): American football player (1928–1991), American football player
9. Robert Kennedy, also known as Robert Edward Kennedy (wd:Q7346313): American Jesuit priest, psychoanalyst and Zen rōshi, writer
10. Robert Kennedy (wd:Q125958286): rhodesian rugby player (1925–1979), rugby union player

[Assistant]
The most likely entity for "Robert Kennedy" (the U.S. politician and brother of John F. Kennedy) is "Robert F. Kennedy" (wd:Q25310).

Next, I will search for his daughter(s) in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt/p): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
2. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as wdt/p): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
3. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdt/p): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
4. sibling, also known as is sister of, is the brother of, is the sibling of, is the sister of, sib (wd:P3373 as wdt/p): the subject and the object have at least one common parent (brot...law, etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.), relative
5. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as wdt/p): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
6. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt/p): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "child" (wdt:P40) is used to find the children of Robert F. Kennedy. To specifically find his daughters, I will need to filter the children by gender (female).

Next, I will check how to identify the gender (female) property for the children.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. grammatical gender, also known as gender (wd:P5185 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): grammatical gender of the word
2. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
3. requires grammatical feature, also known as grammatical feature required, required grammatical feature, requires case, requires mood, uses case (wd:P5713 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): grammatical features required or generally used with lexeme or form of lexeme
4. has grammatical gender, also known as grammatical genders, has genders (wd:P5109 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): specific form of noun class system of a language. Use qualifier ... subject of" (P805) to link to language specific item if present
5. personal pronoun, also known as gender pronoun, personal gender pronoun, personal pronouns, PGP, PGPs (wd:P6553 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): personal pronoun(s) this person goes by
6. semantic gender, also known as natural gender (wd:P10339 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): used when a word is only used to refer to people of this gender or to animals of this sex, independent of the grammatical gender
7. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
8. gender educated (wd:P7419 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): genders educated at this educational institution
9. male form of label, also known as male form of label (string), male gender sense, masculine form of label (wd:P3321 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): male form of name or title (for female use P2521)
10. given name version for other gender, also known as personal name version for other gender, other genders given name, male version of this female given name, gender inflection of given name, female version of this male given name (wd:P1560 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): equivalent name (with respect to the meaning of the name) in the...n of a female first name. Add primarily the closest matching one

[Assistant]
The property "sex or gender" (wd:P21) is used to identify the gender of a person. The value for female is typically wd:Q6581072.

Now, I will construct a query to:
- Get the children of Robert F. Kennedy (wd:Q25310) using wdt:P40,
- Filter those children to only include females (wd:P21 = wd:Q6581072),
- For each daughter, get her spouse (wdt:P26).

I will also try to get the labels for the daughters and their spouses for clarity. Let's build and execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 4 columns:
| daughter                               | daughterLabel                  | spouse                             | spouseLabel              |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Kerry Kennedy (wd:Q467912)             | Kerry Kennedy (en)             | Andrew Cuomo (wd:Q11673)           | Andrew Cuomo (en)        |
| Courtney Kennedy Hill (wd:Q5178632)    | Courtney Kennedy Hill (en)     | Paul Hill (wd:Q15133215)           | Paul Hill (en)           |
| Rory Kennedy (wd:Q273833)              | Rory Kennedy (en)              | Mark Bailey (wd:Q29938796)         | Mark Bailey (en)         |
| Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (wd:Q467861) | Kathleen Kennedy Townsend (en) | David Lee Townsend (wd:Q75326812)  | David Lee Townsend (en)  |
| Courtney Kennedy Hill (wd:Q5178632)    | Courtney Kennedy Hill (en)     | Jeffrey Robert Ruhe (wd:Q75326831) | Jeffrey Robert Ruhe (en) |

[Assistant]
Here is the answer based on Wikidata:

Robert F. Kennedy has several daughters, each with their own spouse(s):

- Kerry Kennedy is married to Andrew Cuomo.
- Courtney Kennedy Hill is married to Paul Hill and was also married to Jeffrey Robert Ruhe.
- Rory Kennedy is married to Mark Bailey.
- Kathleen Kennedy Townsend is married to David Lee Townsend.

Here is the SPARQL query used:

```sparql
SELECT ?daughter ?daughterLabel ?spouse ?spouseLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q25310 wdt:P40 ?daughter .
  ?daughter wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
  OPTIONAL { ?daughter wdt:P26 ?spouse . }
  OPTIONAL { ?daughter rdfs:label ?daughterLabel FILTER (LANG(?daughterLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?spouse rdfs:label ?spouseLabel FILTER (LANG(?spouseLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Let me know if you want information about a specific daughter.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?lyricist ?lyricistLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q482988 wdt:P676 ?lyricist .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lyricist rdfs:label ?lyricistLabel FILTER ( lang( ?lyricistLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The lyrics for the Polish national anthem were written by Józef Wybicki (wd:Q370069).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who wrote the lyrics for the Polish national anthem?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the author of the lyrics for the Polish national anthem.
2. We need to identify the entity for the Polish national anthem, and then find the property that links it to the lyricist (author of lyrics).

Step 1: Search for the entity "Polish national anthem" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Poland Is Not Yet Lost, also known as Dąbrowski's Mazurka, Polish national anthem, Song of the Polish Legions in Italy (wd:Q482988): national anthem of Poland
2. national anthem, also known as national hymn, state anthem (wd:Q23691): song that represents a country or sovereign state
3. National Anthem of Chile, also known as Canción Nacional, National Anthem (wd:Q484161): National Anthem of Chile
4. National Anthem (wd:Q2697331): Lana Del Rey song
5. National Anthem (wd:Q116945688): 2023 film directed by Luke Gilford
6. The National Anthem, also known as National Anthem (wd:Q19573235): 1999 film by Wu Ziniu
7. National Anthem (wd:Q16955069): album by The Away Team
8. National Anthem (wd:Q39078564): 2003 film
9. America, also known as National Anthem, National Hymn (wd:Q109781686): melody often used for national anthems; first published in 1744
10. National Anthem (wd:Q110059383): sketch from Saturday Night Live

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the Polish national anthem is "Poland Is Not Yet Lost" (wd:Q482988), also known as Dąbrowski's Mazurka.

Next, I need to find the property that links a song or anthem to its lyricist or author of lyrics. I will search for properties related to "lyrics" or "lyricist".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): author of song lyrics, author
2. composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator
3. LyricsTranslate ID, also known as LyricsTranslate, LyricsTranslate identifier (wd:P7212 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier on LyricsTranslate
4. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
5. has lyrics, also known as has text, has verses, lyrics that this work has, text, text that this work has (wd:P6439 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): work whose text is used as the lyrics of this work, references work, tradition or theory
6. screenwriter, also known as story by, teleplay by, video game writer, writer (of screenplays), writing credits (wd:P58 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): person(s) who wrote the script for subject item, film crew member, author
7. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
8. first line, also known as incipit, opening line, fl, first verse, first sentence (wd:P1922 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): first line (incipit) of a poem, first sentence of a novel, speech, etc.
9. adapted by, also known as adapter, adaptor, arranged by, arranger, remixed by (wd:P5202 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): person responsible for the arrangement or adaptation resulting in this version of the original work
10. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the author of song lyrics is "lyricist" (wd:P676).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the lyricist of the Polish national anthem (wd:Q482988) using the property "lyricist" (wd:P676). I will also try to get the label of the lyricist for clarity, but the main result will be the IRI.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| lyricist                   | lyricistLabel      |
| -------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Józef Wybicki (wd:Q370069) | Józef Wybicki (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK {
  wd:Q810986 wdt:P31 wd:Q7889
}

Yes, there is a video game called Battle Chess.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is there a video game called Battle Chess?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking if there is a video game called "Battle Chess".
2. I need to search for an entity with the name "Battle Chess" and check if it is classified as a video game.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Battle Chess" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Battle Chess (wd:Q810986): 1988 chess-playing video game
2. Battle Chess (wd:Q108370586): video game series
3. Check vs. Mate, also known as Battle vs. Chess (wd:Q3636865): 2011 video game
4. Battle Chess 4000, also known as BC 4000, BC4000 (wd:Q111966835): 1992 video game developed by Interplay
5. Eonica Chess Battle (wd:Q122824456): 2020 early access video game
6. Battle Chess II: Chinese Chess (wd:Q3636840): 1990 video game
7. Battle Chess: Game of Kings (wd:Q4869999): 2014 video game remake
8. Battle Chess Enhanced CD Rom (wd:Q124877749): 1992 video game
9. chess, also known as chess game, Western chess, modern European chess, international chess (wd:Q718): strategy board game
10. battle, also known as ⚔, combat (wd:Q178561): part of a war which is well defined in duration, area and force commitment

[Assistant]
The top search result is "Battle Chess" (wd:Q810986), described as a 1988 chess-playing video game. This matches the user's query.

To confirm, I will check if wd:Q810986 is classified as a video game in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Got 300 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                            | object                               |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | video game (wd:Q7889)                |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | publication date (wdt:P577)         | 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)  |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | English (wd:Q1860)                   |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | Commons category (wdt:P373)         | Battle Chess                         |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | United States (wd:Q30)               |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | official website (wdt:P856)         | <https://www.interplay.com>          |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | chess video game (wd:Q71679871)      |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | publisher (wdt:P123)                | Interplay Entertainment (wd:Q628249) |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | distribution format (wdt:P437)      | digital distribution (wd:Q269415)    |
| Battle Chess (wd:Q810986) | distributed by (wdt:P750)           | Steam (wd:Q337535)                   |
| ...                       | ...                                 | ...                                  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?lake ?lakeLabel ?area WHERE {
  VALUES ?lake {
    wd:Q5513 wd:Q5525
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lake wdt:P2046 ?area
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lake rdfs:label ?lakeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?lakeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Lake Baikal (31,722 km²) is slightly bigger than the Great Bear Lake (31,153 km²) in terms of surface area.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is Lake Baikal bigger than the Great Bear Lake?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to compare the size (likely surface area) of Lake Baikal and the Great Bear Lake.
2. First, we need to identify the Wikidata entities for both lakes.
3. Next, we need to find the property for surface area.
4. Then, we need to retrieve the surface area values for both lakes and compare them.

Let's start by searching for the entities "Lake Baikal" and "Great Bear Lake" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lake Baikal, also known as Baikal, Baikal Sea, Baykal (wd:Q5513): freshwater rift lake in southern Siberia, Russia
2. Lake Baikal (wd:Q123738053): Canadian animated short film, directed by Alisi Telengut and released in 2023
3. Lake Baikal (wd:L300494-S1)
4. Baikal Seal, also known as Pusa sibirica, Phoca sibirica, Nerpa, Lake baikal seal (wd:Q4535): species of seal
5. Lake Baikal mountain vole, also known as Alticola olchonensis (wd:Q1768026): species of mammal
6. Battle of Lake Baikal (wd:Q11153274): 1918 battle of the Russian Civil War
7. 1862 lake Baikal earthquake (wd:Q4191068)
8. Ambitions for Lake Baikal (wd:Q58990558): scientific article published in Nature
9. Ice cave on Olkhon island, also known as Lake Baikal Ice Cave (wd:Q123524221): ice cave on Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia
10. Lake Baikal in Crisis (wd:Q116758151): scientific article published in 2022

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Great Bear Lake, also known as Sahtú (wd:Q5525): large glacial lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada
2. Great Bear Lake (wd:Q33257595): lake in Van Buren County, Michigan, USA
3. Great Bear Lake (wd:Q39073453): 2009 novel by Erin Hunter
4. Great Bear Lake Airport, also known as DAS (wd:Q3913216): airport in Northwest Territories, Canada
5. Great Bear Lake Drain (wd:Q33194757): canal in Van Buren County, Michigan, United States of America
6. Great Bear Lake Dam (wd:Q34818758): dam in Webster County, Missouri, United States of America
7. Great Bear Lake 16 (wd:Q22424486): First Nation reserve in British Columbia, Canada
8. Great Bear Lake Water Aerodrome (wd:Q3913618): airport in Northwest Territories, Canada
9. Radium Mine, Great Bear Lake (wd:Q59504373): painting by A.Y. Jackson
10. Radium Mine, Great Bear Lake (wd:Q59552554): painting by A.Y. Jackson (NGA Canada 4542r)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): area occupied by an object
2. has surface (wd:P10614 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is the 2-dimensional surface that partly or completely surrounds the subject in 3-dimensional space
3. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
4. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
5. surface tension (wd:P3013 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): physical property of liquid
6. water area (wd:P8887 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): area/surface of a geographical entity that is covered by water, area
7. measured physical quantity, also known as measure of, measures, physical quantity, quantity (wd:P111 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): value of a physical property expressed as number multiplied by a unit
8. diameter, also known as ⌀, diametre (wd:P2386 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): diameter of a circular or spherical object
9. wing area (wd:P2112 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): area of an aircraft's wing surfaces, area
10. water as percent of area, also known as H₂O%, percent of area that is water (wd:P2927 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): which percentage of the territory of this item inside coast line...ternational bounderies is water. Use "percent" (Q11229)  as unit

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| lake                       | lakeLabel            | area                |
| -------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------- |
| Lake Baikal (wd:Q5513)     | Lake Baikal (en)     | 31722 (xsd:decimal) |
| Great Bear Lake (wd:Q5525) | Great Bear Lake (en) | 31153 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  ?country wdt:P30 wd:Q46 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 45 (xsd:int) |

There are 45 countries in Europe according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many countries are there in Europe?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the number of countries in Europe.
2. We need to identify:
   - The entity for "Europe" in Wikidata.
   - The property that links countries to continents (likely "continent" or "located in the continent").
   - The entity for "country" (to filter only countries).

First, let's search for the entity "Europe" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Europe, also known as European continent, The Old Continent, Old Continent, European Continent, European Peninsula (wd:Q46): continent in the Northern Hemisphere
2. European Union, also known as E.U., Europe, eu (wd:Q458): political and economic union of 27 European states
3. Europa, also known as Europe, Evropa (wd:Q165170): Phoenician character in Greek mythology, daughter of Agenor
4. Europe (wd:Q185144): Swedish rock band
5. Europe (wd:Q579160): National anthem of Kosovo
6. Europe (wd:Q766618): Paris Métro station
7. Europe (wd:Q1163173): international racing sailing class
8. Europe (wd:Q198697): 1983 debut studio album by Europe
9. James Reese Europe, also known as Jim Europe, James R. Europe, James R. Europe, Sr., Lieut. Jim Europe, James Europe (wd:Q1280917): American jazz musician and United States Army officer (1880-1919), jazz musician, mandolinist, bandleader, conductor, composer, pianist
10. Europe (wd:Q612228): French magazine

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "Europe" as a continent is wd:Q46.

Next, we need to find the property that links a country to a continent. Let's search for properties related to "continent".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. continent (wd:P30 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
2. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
3. located in/on physical feature, also known as located on the terrain feature, location (terrain feature), loc (terr), on, on geographical feature (wd:P706 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be us...nly political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552)., location, part of
4. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
5. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
6. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
7. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
8. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
9. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
10. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

[Assistant]
The property "continent" (wd:P30) is the one that links an entity to the continent it is part of.

Now, we need to ensure we are only counting "countries". Let's search for the entity for "country" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Assistant]
The entity for "country" as a territorial body or political entity is wd:Q6256.

To count the number of countries in Europe, we need to:
- Find all entities that are instances of "country" (wd:Q6256)
- Whose continent (wd:P30) is Europe (wd:Q46)

Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to count these entities.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 45 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process