PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?episode ?episodeLabel ?ordinal ?airdate WHERE {
  wd:Q5274359 wdt:P527 ?episode .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?episode wdt:P1545 ?ordinal
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?episode wdt:P577 ?airdate
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?episode rdfs:label ?episodeLabel FILTER ( lang( ?episodeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY xsd:integer ( ?ordinal )

Here are all episodes of the first season of the HBO television series The Sopranos, with their Wikidata IRIs, English labels, and air dates (if available). The results are ordered by episode number within the season if available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] List all episodes of the first season of the HBO television series The Sopranos.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "The Sopranos" (the HBO television series).
2. We need to find the property that links a television series to its episodes.
3. We need to filter episodes that belong specifically to the first season.

Let's start by searching for the entity "The Sopranos" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Sopranos (wd:Q23628): American crime drama television series (1999–2007)
2. The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187): episode of The Sopranos (S1 E1)
3. The Sopranos (wd:Q7765311): 1998 novel by Alan Warner
4. The Sopranos (wd:Q7765312): pinball machine based on the television series The Sopranos
5. The Sopranos Diaries (wd:Q110055728): sketch from Saturday Night Live
6. The Sopranos soundtrack releases, also known as Music on The Sopranos (wd:Q206205): Wikipedia article covering multiple soundtrack releases
7. The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359): season of television series
8. The Sopranos, season 6, also known as sixth and final season (wd:Q3727044): season of television series
9. The Sopranos, season 5 (wd:Q3727041): season of television series
10. The Sopranos, season 4 (wd:Q3727040): season of television series

[Assistant]
The main entity for "The Sopranos" television series is wd:Q23628. There is also a specific entity for "The Sopranos, season 1" (wd:Q5274359).

Next, we need to find the property that links a television season to its episodes. Let's search for properties related to "episode" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): series which contains the subject, part of
2. number of episodes, also known as series length, no. of episodes, episodes, episode count (wd:P1113 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series, number of parts of this work
3. list of episodes, also known as episodes list, episode list (wd:P1811 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): link to the article with the list of episodes for this series, has list
4. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
5. TheTVDB episode ID, also known as TVDB.com episode ID, TheTVDB.com episode ID (wd:P7043 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for an episode of a television series in TheTVDB
6. Podchaser episode ID (wd:P10458 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier of the episode in the podchaser database
7. first appearance, also known as debut, present initially in, introduced in work, initial appearance, first film (wd:P4584 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): work in which a fictional/mythical character or entity first appeared, present in work
8. Spotify show episode ID, also known as Spotify episode, Spotify podcast episode ID (wd:P9882 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier of a podcast episode on Spotify
9. official podcast, also known as podcast (wd:P9549 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): official podcast of this person or organization
10. last appearance, also known as last episode, last film (wd:P12878 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): last work featuring a fictional character or item, present in work

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking a season to its episodes is likely not "number of episodes" (wd:P1113) or "list of episodes" (wd:P1811), but rather a property that links a season to its individual episodes. However, these results don't show a direct "has episode" property.

Let's check the properties of "The Sopranos, season 1" (wd:Q5274359) to see how its episodes are linked.

[Tool]
Got 107 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property                                        | object                                 |
| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | instance of (wdt:P31)                           | television series season (wd:Q3464665) |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                          | College (wd:Q2422019)                  |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | country of origin (wdt:P495)                    | United States (wd:Q30)                 |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | official website (wdt:P856)                     | <https://www.hbo.com/the-sopranos>     |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | part of the series (wdt:P179)                   | The Sopranos (wd:Q23628)               |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | start time (wdt:P580)                           | 1999-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)    |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | end time (wdt:P582)                             | 1999-04-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)    |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | original language of film or TV show (wdt:P364) | English (wd:Q1860)                     |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | original broadcaster (wdt:P449)                 | HBO (wd:Q23633)                        |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | number of episodes (wdt:P1113)                  | 13 (xsd:decimal)                       |
| ...                                  | ...                                             | ...                                    |

[Assistant]
From the properties of "The Sopranos, season 1" (wd:Q5274359), we see that the property "has part(s)" (wdt:P527) is used to link the season to its episodes (e.g., "College" (wd:Q2422019), which is an episode).

Now, let's check if all episodes of season 1 are linked via wdt:P527 and if we can retrieve their titles and order. We should also check if there's a property for the episode number within the season.

Let's list a few of the objects (episodes) linked via wdt:P527 and see their properties.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property               | object                               |
| ------------------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q23628) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) |

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property               | object                                           |
| ------------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | College (wd:Q2422019)                            |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187)                       |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Meadowlands (wd:Q1750968)                        |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano (wd:Q3435590)        |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Boca (wd:Q3435595)                               |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | A Hit Is a Hit (wd:Q3435602)                     |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Down Neck (wd:Q3436453)                          |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti (wd:Q3499074) |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | 46 Long (wd:Q3499084)                            |
| The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359) | has part(s) (wdt:P527) | Isabella (wd:Q3442841)                           |
| ...                                  | ...                    | ...                                              |

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                                        | object                                   |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | instance of (wdt:P31)                           | television series episode (wd:Q21191270) |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | title (wdt:P1476)                               | The Sopranos (en)                        |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | publication date (wdt:P577)                     | 1999-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)      |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | followed by (wdt:P156)                          | 46 Long (wd:Q3499084)                    |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | part of the series (wdt:P179)                   | The Sopranos (wd:Q23628)                 |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | original language of film or TV show (wdt:P364) | English (wd:Q1860)                       |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | director (wdt:P57)                              | David Chase (wd:Q381982)                 |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | season (wdt:P4908)                              | The Sopranos, season 1 (wd:Q5274359)     |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | director of photography (wdt:P344)              | Alik Sakharov (wd:Q4409470)              |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187) | production code (wdt:P2364)                     | S101                                     |
| ...                        | ...                                             | ...                                      |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): series which contains the subject, part of
2. list of episodes, also known as episodes list, episode list (wd:P1811 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): link to the article with the list of episodes for this series, has list
3. TheTVDB episode ID, also known as TVDB.com episode ID, TheTVDB.com episode ID (wd:P7043 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for an episode of a television series in TheTVDB
4. series ordinal, also known as ordinal, unit number, sort order, sorting order, series number (wd:P1545 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): position of an item in its parent series (most frequently a 1-ba...d from "ranking" defined as a property for evaluating a quality)
5. number of episodes, also known as series length, no. of episodes, episodes, episode count (wd:P1113 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series, number of parts of this work
6. Podchaser episode ID (wd:P10458 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier of the episode in the podchaser database
7. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
8. TMDB episode ID, also known as The Movie Database episode ID (wd:P12559 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for a television series episode at The Movie Database
9. fyyd podcast episode ID, also known as fyyd episode ID (wd:P7857 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier of a podcast episode in the ffyd database
10. AniDB episode ID (wd:P8888 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier of this episode on AniDB

[Assistant]
The property "series ordinal" (wd:P1545) is commonly used to indicate the order of an item within a series or collection, which is likely how the episode number within the season is represented.

Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to:
- Get all episodes (wdt:P527) of "The Sopranos, season 1" (wd:Q5274359)
- For each episode, retrieve its label, series ordinal (wdt:P1545), and optionally the publication date (wdt:P577)

This will give us a list of all episodes in the correct order, with their titles and air dates.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| episode                                          | episodeLabel                            | ordinal | airdate                             |
| ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------- |
| The Sopranos (wd:Q1434187)                       | The Sopranos (en)                       |         | 1999-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Meadowlands (wd:Q1750968)                        | Meadowlands (en)                        |         | 1999-01-31T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| College (wd:Q2422019)                            | College (en)                            |         | 1999-02-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano (wd:Q3435590)        | I Dream of Jeannie Cusamano (en)        |         | 1999-04-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Boca (wd:Q3435595)                               | Boca (en)                               |         | 1999-03-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                              | ...                                     | ...     | ...                                 |
| Nobody Knows Anything (wd:Q3442850)              | Nobody Knows Anything (en)              |         | 1999-03-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Denial, Anger, Acceptance (wd:Q3442861)          | Denial, Anger, Acceptance (en)          |         | 1999-01-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Pax Soprana (wd:Q3442891)                        | Pax Soprana (en)                        |         | 1999-02-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti (wd:Q3499074) | The Legend of Tennessee Moltisanti (en) |         | 1999-02-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 46 Long (wd:Q3499084)                            | 46 Long (en)                            |         | 1999-01-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?country ( COUNT( ?cave ) AS ?caveCount ) WHERE {
  ?cave wdt:P31 wd:Q35509 .
  ?cave wdt:P17 ?country .
}
GROUP BY ?country
HAVING ( COUNT( ?cave ) > 10 )
ORDER BY DESC ( ?caveCount )

Got 82 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                    | caveCount      |
| -------------------------- | -------------- |
| Bulgaria (wd:Q219)         | 5590 (xsd:int) |
| Spain (wd:Q29)             | 1782 (xsd:int) |
| Poland (wd:Q36)            | 924 (xsd:int)  |
| Germany (wd:Q183)          | 773 (xsd:int)  |
| Hungary (wd:Q28)           | 722 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...            |
| Venezuela (wd:Q717)        | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Papua New Guinea (wd:Q691) | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Chile (wd:Q298)            | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Andorra (wd:Q228)          | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Cuba (wd:Q241)             | 11 (xsd:int)   |

There are 82 countries that have more than ten caves. Examples include Bulgaria, Spain, Poland, Germany, Hungary, Venezuela, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Andorra, and Cuba. The full list can be obtained from the query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which countries have more than ten caves?

[Assistant]
First, I need to identify the entity for "cave" in Wikidata, as well as the property that links caves to countries. Then, I will look for countries that are associated with more than ten caves.

Step 1: Search for the entity "cave".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. cave, also known as cavern (wd:Q35509): natural void under the Earth's surface
2. Cave (wd:Q177726): comune in Italy
3. Carlsbad Caverns National Park, also known as CAVE (wd:Q273195): United States National Park in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico
4. Cave (wd:Q736010): single by Muse
5. The Cave, also known as Cave (wd:Q1027834): 2005 film directed by Bruce Hunt
6. Cave, also known as Cave, MO (wd:Q957976): village in Missouri
7. CAVE, also known as Cave Co., Ltd., Cave Interactive Co., Ltd. (wd:Q2495040): video game company
8. Cave (wd:Q18436524): human settlement in Italy
9. Cave, also known as Cave, New Zealand (wd:Q5054876): locality in Timaru District, Canterbury Region, New Zealand
10. Cave (wd:Q18506124)

[Assistant]
The relevant entity for "cave" as a natural feature is wd:Q35509.

Next, I need to find the property that links a cave to a country. This is likely to be something like "country" or "located in the country". I will search for properties related to "country" for the entity "cave".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. OpenStreetMap tag or key, also known as tag, OSM wiki tag or key, OpenStreetMap relation role, OSM tag or key, OSM tag (wd:P1282 as p): OpenStreetMap tagging schema (a Key:key, Tag:key=value, Relation:type, or Role:role) for classes, properties, and values
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
4. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
5. spherical panorama image, also known as 360-degree panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as wdt/p): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, panoramic view
6. studied in, also known as is studied by, studied by, science, that studies, researched in, researched by (wd:P2579 as wdt/p): subject is studied by this science or domain, field of work
7. properties for this type, also known as uses properties, Wikidata properties for this type, Wikidata properties for this class, uses property, things one could say about (wd:P1963 as wdt/p): when this subject is used as object of “instance of”, the following properties normally apply
8. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as wdt/p): Wikimedia list related to this subject
9. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant] The search did not return a direct "country" property for the entity "cave". However, in Wikidata, the property "country" is commonly "P17". I will verify this by searching for the property "country" in general to confirm its property ID.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. continent (wd:P30 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The property "country" is wd:P17, which is used for the sovereign state that an item is in. This is the appropriate property to link a cave to its country.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all countries (wd:P17) that are associated with more than ten caves (wd:Q35509). I will count the number of caves per country and filter for those with more than ten.

I will include the country IRIs in the result, and optionally their labels.

[Tool]
Got 82 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                    | caveCount      |
| -------------------------- | -------------- |
| Bulgaria (wd:Q219)         | 5590 (xsd:int) |
| Spain (wd:Q29)             | 1782 (xsd:int) |
| Poland (wd:Q36)            | 924 (xsd:int)  |
| Germany (wd:Q183)          | 773 (xsd:int)  |
| Hungary (wd:Q28)           | 722 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...            |
| Venezuela (wd:Q717)        | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Papua New Guinea (wd:Q691) | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Chile (wd:Q298)            | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Andorra (wd:Q228)          | 12 (xsd:int)   |
| Cuba (wd:Q241)             | 11 (xsd:int)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?city ?population ?cityLabel WHERE {
  ?city wdt:P31 ?cityType .
  VALUES ?cityType {
    wd:Q515 wd:Q1549591
  }
  ?city wdt:P131 ?admin .
  ?admin wdt:P131 * wd:Q1408 .
  ?city wdt:P1082 ?population .
  FILTER ( ?population > 100000 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?city rdfs:label ?cityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?cityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The only city in New Jersey with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Wikidata is Newark (population: 311,549).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Give me all cities in New Jersey with more than 100000 inhabitants.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find all cities located in New Jersey.
2. These cities must have a population greater than 100,000.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "New Jersey" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property for "located in the administrative territorial entity" (likely used to link cities to New Jersey).
Step 3: Identify the property for "population".
Step 4: Identify the class for "city".

Let's start by searching for the entity "New Jersey".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. New Jersey, also known as Garden State, US-NJ, the State of New Jersey, the Garden State, State of New Jersey (wd:Q1408): state of the United States of America
2. Newark, also known as Brick City, City of Newark, Newark, New Jersey, Newark, NJ (wd:Q25395): city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States
3. Newton, also known as Newton, New Jersey, Newton, NJ (wd:Q1089234): town in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States
4. Newfield, also known as Newfield, NJ, Newfield, New Jersey (wd:Q931145): borough in New Jersey
5. New Jersey (wd:Q779923): 1988 studio album by Bon Jovi
6. Province of New Jersey, also known as New Jersey, New Jersey Colony, Colony of New Jersey (wd:Q2335128): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
7. Newfoundland, also known as Newfoundland, New Jersey (wd:Q7017818): unincorporated community in New Jersey, United States
8. Newtonville, also known as Newtonville, New Jersey, Newtonville, NJ (wd:Q14705810): unincorporated community in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States
9. Newport, also known as Newport, New Jersey (wd:Q7018698): human settlement in Downe Township, New Jersey, United States of America
10. Newtown, also known as Newtown, New Jersey (wd:Q20657441): human settlement in Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

[Assistant]
The entity for "New Jersey" as a state is wd:Q1408.

Next, we need to find the property that links a city to its administrative territorial entity (likely "located in the administrative territorial entity"). Let's search for this property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
2. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
3. located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, also known as present-day administrative territorial entity, located in the current administrative territorial entity, located in the modern-day administrative territorial entity, located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, would today be located in administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the item was located in the territory of this present-day administrative unit; however the two did not at any point coexist in time, location, part of
4. located in the statistical territorial entity, also known as located in statistical territorial entity, statistical territorial entity (wd:P8138 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): statistical territorial entity in which a place is located or is...nty is split into or part of several regions: add several values, location
5. territory overlaps, also known as partially overlaps, partially coincident with, partly coincident with, partly located in territorial entity, partly overlaps (wd:P3179 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): part or all of the area associated with (this) entity overlaps part or all of the area associated with that entity, partially coincident with
6. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
7. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
8. located in the religious territorial entity, also known as Deanery, Vicariate, religious territorial entity, Parish, located in the ecclesiastical territorial entity (wd:P5607 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following religious entity. Use P708 (diocese) for dioceses, location, part of
9. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
10. contains the statistical territorial entity, also known as contains statistical territorial entity (wd:P10888 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): (list of) statistical territorial entities which are direct subd...ions of another statistical or administrative territorial entity, has part(s)

[Assistant]
The property "located in the administrative territorial entity" is wd:P131.

Next, we need to find the property for "population". Let's search for the property "population".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The property for "population" is wd:P1082.

Now, we need to ensure we are only getting "cities". Let's search for the entity "city" to get its class.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement
2. Manchester City F.C., also known as The Sky Blues, City, The Citizens, The Blues, Sky Blues (wd:Q50602): association football club in Manchester, England
3. Leicester City F.C., also known as The Foxes, Leicester Fosse Football Club, Leicester Fosse FC, Leicester Fosse, Leicester City (wd:Q19481): association football club in Leicester, England
4. Swansea City A.F.C., also known as Swansea City Association Football Club, The Swans, The Jacks, Swansea City AFC, Swansea City (wd:Q18659): association football club in Swansea, Wales
5. Stoke City F.C., also known as City, SCFC, Stoke, Stoke City, Stoke City FC (wd:Q18736): association football club in Stoke-on-Trent, England
6. Birmingham City F.C., also known as BCFC, City, Blues, Birmingham City Football Club, Birmingham City (wd:Q19444): association football club in Birmingham, England
7. Norwich City F.C., also known as Norwich City FC, The Canaries, Norwich City Football Club, Norwich City, Norwich (wd:Q18721): association football club in Norwich, England
8. Cardiff City F.C., also known as Cardiff, The Bluebirds, City, CCFC, Cardiff City Football Club (wd:Q18662): association football club in Cardiff, Wales
9. Hull City A.F.C., also known as City, HCAFC, Hull, Hull City, Hull City AFC (wd:Q19477): association football club in Hull, England
10. Coventry City F.C., also known as Coventry City FC, Sky Blues, Coventry City Football Club, Coventry City, Coventry (wd:Q19580): association football club in Coventry, England

[Assistant]
The entity for "city" as a large human settlement is wd:Q515.

Now, let's summarize:
- We want all entities that are instances of (P31) "city" (wd:Q515)
- Located in the administrative territorial entity (P131) "New Jersey" (wd:Q1408)
- With population (P1082) greater than 100,000

Let's check if cities in New Jersey are directly linked to New Jersey via P131, and if their instance of (P31) is "city". I'll do a quick list for a known city, e.g., Newark (wd:Q25395), to confirm.

[Tool]
Got 849 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject            | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | big city (wd:Q1549591)                                                                         |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                         |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Essex County (wd:Q128077)                                                                      |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-74.172222 40.735556) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                   |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Newark, New Jersey                                                                             |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Newark%2C%20New%20Jersey%20at%20night.jpg> |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 311549 (xsd:decimal)                                                                           |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1666-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                            |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                             | Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition (wd:Q867541)                                              |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | official name (wdt:P1448)                                   | Newark (en)                                                                                |
| ...                | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
From the data, Newark is an "instance of" (P31) "big city" (wd:Q1549591), not directly "city" (wd:Q515), and is "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131) Essex County (wd:Q128077), not directly New Jersey (wd:Q1408). This suggests that cities may be linked to counties, which are in New Jersey.

To ensure we capture all cities in New Jersey, we should include cities that are located in any county that is itself located in New Jersey. Let's confirm the property chain for Essex County.

[Tool]
Got 407 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                                                    | object                                                                           |
| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | county of New Jersey (wd:Q13414754)                                              |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                           |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | New Jersey (wd:Q1408)                                                            |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-74.250000 40.790000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                     |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Essex County, New Jersey                                                         |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/South%20Mountain%20View.jpg> |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 863728 (xsd:decimal)                                                             |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1683-03-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                              |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | official website (wdt:P856)                                 | <http://www.essex-countynj.org/>                                                 |
| Essex County (wd:Q128077) | located in time zone (wdt:P421)                             | Eastern Time Zone (wd:Q941023)                                                   |
| ...                       | ...                                                         | ...                                                                              |

[Assistant]
Essex County is "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131) New Jersey (wd:Q1408).

Therefore, to find all cities in New Jersey, we need to:
- Find all entities that are instances of "city" (wd:Q515) or "big city" (wd:Q1549591) (and possibly other city subclasses).
- That are located in an administrative territorial entity (P131) that is either New Jersey (wd:Q1408) or a county located in New Jersey.

To be thorough, let's check if there are other subclasses of "city" used for New Jersey cities.

[Tool]
Got 9,198 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject              | property              | object         |
| -------------------- | --------------------- | -------------- |
| London (wd:Q84)      | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Singapore (wd:Q334)  | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Hong Kong (wd:Q8646) | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Jerusalem (wd:Q1218) | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Edirne (wd:Q43387)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Warsaw (wd:Q270)     | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Amsterdam (wd:Q727)  | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Stockholm (wd:Q1754) | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Tirana (wd:Q19689)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| Los Angeles (wd:Q65) | instance of (wdt:P31) | city (wd:Q515) |
| ...                  | ...                   | ...            |

[Assistant]
Many cities use "city" (wd:Q515) as their instance of (P31). However, as seen with Newark, some use "big city" (wd:Q1549591). To be comprehensive, let's include both "city" and "big city" as possible types.

Now, let's construct the SPARQL query:
- ?city wdt:P31 wd:Q515 or wd:Q1549591
- ?city wdt:P131 ?admin
- ?admin wdt:P131* wd:Q1408 (to allow for counties or New Jersey itself)
- ?city wdt:P1082 ?population
- FILTER(?population > 100000)

We will also optionally get the label for the city.

Let's write the SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| city               | population           | cityLabel   |
| ------------------ | -------------------- | ----------- |
| Newark (wd:Q25395) | 311549 (xsd:decimal) | Newark (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q211 p:P463 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P463 wd:Q458 ; pq:P580 ?date .
}

Latvia joined the European Union on 2004-05-01.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When did Latvia join the EU?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the date when Latvia joined the European Union (EU).
2. We need to identify the entity for Latvia, the entity for the European Union, and the property that links a country to its EU membership date.

Step 1: Find the entity for Latvia.
Step 2: Find the entity for the European Union.
Step 3: Find the property related to "joining the EU" or "date of joining the EU".
Step 4: Construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the date.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Latvia".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Latvia, also known as Latvija, Republic of Latvia, LVA, lv, Leţmо̄ Vabāmо̄ (wd:Q211): sovereign state in northeastern Europe
2. 1284 Latvia, also known as Latvia (wd:Q137583): asteroid
3. RAF-977, also known as Latvia, RAF-977D (wd:Q2425377): soviet bustype
4. RAF-2203, also known as Latvia (wd:Q1065645): van and minibus manufactured by Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika in Latvia
5. Latvia (wd:Q6497226): constituency of the European Parliament
6. Latvia (wd:Q104537040)
7. Latvia (wd:Q104892776): scientific article published in December 2012
8. Latvia (wd:Q58040021)
9. Latvia (wd:Q103948319): encyclopedia article
10. Latvia (wd:L254271)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the country Latvia is wd:Q211.

Next, let's find the entity for the European Union.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. European Union, also known as E.U., Europe, eu (wd:Q458): political and economic union of 27 European states
2. European Union (wd:Q319328): antifascist resistance group, resistance fighter
3. European Broadcasting Union, also known as EBU, EBU-UER, European Broadcasting Union EBU (wd:Q166400): alliance of public service media entities
4. Western European Union (wd:Q189946): former international organization and military alliance
5. history of the European Union, also known as EU history, European Union history, history of the EU, the European Union history (wd:Q212114): aspect of history about the formation and evolution of the European Union
6. European Union law, also known as EU law (wd:Q208202): rules operating within EU member states
7. presidency of the Council of the European Union, also known as EU Council presidency, EU presidency, European Union presidency, presidency of the Council of Ministers (wd:Q308905): rotating presidency of the Council of Ministers
8. European Union citizenship, also known as EU citizenship (wd:Q363404): citizenship of the European Union
9. directive of the European Union, also known as directive of the EU, EU directive, European directive, European Union directive (wd:Q326124): legislative act of the European Union
10. economy of the European Union, also known as economy (EU), economy (European Union), economy of the EU (wd:Q720507): economy of the region

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the European Union is wd:Q458.

Next, we need to find the property that links a country to its EU membership date. Let's search for properties related to "European Union membership" or "date joined EU".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. Europeana entity (wd:P7704 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for persons, places and topics at Europeana
4. EU Participant Identification Code, also known as EU PIC, PIC (wd:P5785 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): ID of organization participating in EU programmes
5. MEP directory ID, also known as europarl.europa.eu, MEP ID, MEP directory identifier, European Parliament member, Europarl member (wd:P1186 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for a past or present MEP in a directory of all members of the European Parliament
6. union of, also known as exhaustive union of (wd:P2737 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): every instance of this class is an instance of at least one clas... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes
7. disjoint union of, also known as disjunction among, disjunction between, union of (wd:P2738 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): every instance of this class is an instance of exactly one class... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes, union of
8. EU Surface Water Body Code, also known as EU_CD, WFD Waterbody ID, Water Framework Directive Waterbody ID, Surface Water Body Code, SurfaceWaterBodyCode (wd:P2856 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): unique EU identifier for a surface water body
9. EC number, also known as EC#, EC No., EINECS No., European Community number (wd:P232 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): identifier for a chemical compound per EINECS or ELINCS
10. Global Trade Item Number, also known as JAN, UCC, GTIN, European Article Number, EAN (wd:P3962 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): GTIN (or EAN, UCC) is used to identify products via their barcodes

[Assistant]
None of the top properties directly mention "date of joining the EU". However, "member of" (wd:P463) is a likely candidate, as it is used to indicate membership in an organization, and may have qualifiers for start date.

Let's check how "member of" (wd:P463) is used for Latvia (wd:Q211) and see if there are qualifiers such as "start time" or "point in time" that indicate when Latvia became a member of the European Union (wd:Q458).

[Tool]
Got 34 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject          | property             | object                                                            |
| ---------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065)                                         |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | European Union (wd:Q458)                                          |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | NATO (wd:Q7184)                                                   |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | UNESCO (wd:Q7809)                                                 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | World Health Organization (wd:Q7817)                              |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | World Trade Organization (wd:Q7825)                               |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | Council of Europe (wd:Q8908)                                      |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (wd:Q41550) |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | Interpol (wd:Q8475)                                               |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (wdt:P463) | Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (wd:Q81299)  |
| ...              | ...                  | ...                                                               |

[Assistant]
We see that Latvia (wd:Q211) is indeed a member of the European Union (wd:Q458) via the "member of" property (wdt:P463).

Now, to find the date Latvia joined the EU, we need to check if there are qualifiers (such as "start time") on the "member of" statement linking Latvia to the European Union. Let's list the full statement triples (not just direct claims) for Latvia's "member of" property to see if a "start time" or similar qualifier is present.

[Tool]
Got 34 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject          | property           | object                                      |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------- |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-121C5604-1252-440E-8EE3-7C8ABF70A231 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:q211-15412C2A-50EE-4314-B082-648710E68834 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-155658df-41ca-ce90-7e5e-058cb87cf527 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1AC55EE7-C5B7-478F-A258-87C56ED12E3F |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1ADF67E6-EC11-405C-8F1D-5DC921C3EDB1 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1BDC4869-3203-4873-A8E1-B3215A57C188 |
| Latvia (wd:Q211) | member of (p:P463) | s:Q211-1FFE9481-B98B-4742-A2DD-5982C810A563 |
| ...              | ...                | ...                                         |

[Assistant]
We have the statement IRIs for Latvia's "member of" relationships. Now, we need to find which of these statements links Latvia to the European Union (wd:Q458), and then check for a "start time" qualifier (likely property wdt:P580 or pq:P580).

Let's list the details of one of these statement IRIs to check if it is the one linking to the EU and if it has a "start time" qualifier.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                     | property            | object                                            |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | member of (ps:P463) | Movement Coordination Centre Europe (wd:Q3866537) |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | wikibase:rank       | wikibase:NormalRank                               |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | rdf:type            | wikibase:BestRank                                 |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | prov:wasDerivedFrom | ref:8190cb9e2b0d2234053cb939f7f7e803283af6fd      |
| s:Q211-01527155-0E66-4BD3-85B5-BFECB723460C | rdf:type            | wikibase:Statement                                |

[Assistant]
The first statement is for "Movement Coordination Centre Europe", not the European Union. We need to check other statement IRIs to find the one linking to the European Union (wd:Q458).

Let's check the next statement IRI: s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                     | property            | object                             |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 | member of (ps:P463) | Treaty on Open Skies (wd:Q1928989) |
| s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 | wikibase:rank       | wikibase:NormalRank                |
| s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 | rdf:type            | wikibase:BestRank                  |
| s:Q211-0a577809-4410-c7f6-801d-2b780107b775 | rdf:type            | wikibase:Statement                 |

[Assistant] This statement is for "Treaty on Open Skies", not the European Union. Let's try the next statement: s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                     | property              | object                              |
| ------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | start time (pq:P580)  | 2004-05-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | member of (ps:P463)   | European Union (wd:Q458)            |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                 |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                   |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | start time (pqv:P580) | v:08db11295814f272306a56a226ee0526  |
| s:q211-111EFB1D-6998-40E7-AB33-D9411A644089 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                  |

[Assistant]
We have found the correct statement! Latvia (wd:Q211) became a member of the European Union (wd:Q458) with a "start time" (pq:P580) of 2004-05-01.

Now, let's construct a SPARQL query that retrieves the date Latvia joined the EU, using the "member of" property with the "start time" qualifier.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?chancellor ?chancellorLabel WHERE {
  ?chancellor wdt:P39 wd:Q4970706 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?chancellor rdfs:label ?chancellorLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?chancellorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| chancellor                      | chancellorLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Konrad Adenauer (wd:Q2492)      | Konrad Adenauer (en)      |
| Ludwig Erhard (wd:Q2496)        | Ludwig Erhard (en)        |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger (wd:Q2512) | Kurt Georg Kiesinger (en) |
| Willy Brandt (wd:Q2514)         | Willy Brandt (en)         |
| Helmut Schmidt (wd:Q2516)       | Helmut Schmidt (en)       |
| Helmut Kohl (wd:Q2518)          | Helmut Kohl (en)          |
| Gerhard Schröder (wd:Q2530)     | Gerhard Schröder (en)     |
| Walter Scheel (wd:Q2571)        | Walter Scheel (en)        |
| Angela Merkel (wd:Q567)         | Angela Merkel (en)        |
| Olaf Scholz (wd:Q61053)         | Olaf Scholz (en)          |

This query returns all federal chancellors of Germany (since 1949), including their Wikidata identifiers and optional English labels. The list includes Konrad Adenauer, Ludwig Erhard, Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schröder, Angela Merkel, and Olaf Scholz.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Give me all federal chancellors of Germany.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for all "federal chancellors of Germany."
2. We need to identify the Wikidata entity for "federal chancellor of Germany" (the office/position).
3. Then, we need to find all people who have held this position.

Step 1: Search for the entity "federal chancellor of Germany."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Federal Chancellor of Germany, also known as German Federal Chancellor, prime minister of Germany, German Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Chancellor (wd:Q4970706): head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
2. Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q56022): offices held over time by the head of government of Germany
3. Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
4. president of Germany, also known as Federal President of Germany, Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q25223): head of state of Germany
5. Federal Chancellor of Austria, also known as Chancellor of Austria (wd:Q1006398): Austrian office
6. Federal Chancellor of Austria, also known as Chancellor of Austria (wd:Q1006398): Austrian office
7. Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, also known as Government of Germany, Germany's government, German Cabinet, Federal Cabinet of Germany, Cabinet of Germany (wd:Q313827): the government of the Federal Republic of Germany
8. Chancellor of Switzerland, also known as Federal Chancellor, Federal Chancellor of Switzerland (wd:Q687810): position
9. Federal Chancellery of Germany, also known as BKAmt, Bundeskanzleramt (wd:Q317027): Office of the Federal Chancellor of Germany
10. Vice-Chancellor of Germany, also known as Vice Chancellor of Germany, Deputy to the Federal Chancellor (wd:Q504272): position

[Assistant]
The top relevant entities are:
- Federal Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q4970706): head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
- Chancellor of Germany (wd:Q56022): offices held over time by the head of government of Germany

"Federal Chancellor of Germany" (wd:Q4970706) is the specific office since 1949, while "Chancellor of Germany" (wd:Q56022) covers all historical offices.

Since the user asked for "federal chancellors," I will use wd:Q4970706, which refers to the office since 1949.

Next, I need to find the property that links people to the position they held (likely "position held"). I'll search for the property "position held."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): persons who hold and/or held the position
3. position played on team / speciality, also known as position (on team), speciality, specialism, position, player position (wd:P413 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): position or specialism of a player on a team
4. expression, gesture or body pose, also known as action, expression, facial expression, gesture, movement (wd:P6022 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): qualifier on "depicts" (P180) for human position of an individual in an artwork
5. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
6. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. office contested, also known as contested office, contested position, position contested (wd:P541 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): title of office which election will determine the next holder of
9. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): position of the head of this item
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The correct property to use is "position held" (wdt:P39).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all entities (people) who have held the position "Federal Chancellor of Germany" (wd:Q4970706). I will also optionally retrieve their labels for readability.

Here is the initial SPARQL query:

SELECT ?chancellor ?chancellorLabel WHERE {
  ?chancellor wdt:P39 wd:Q4970706.
  OPTIONAL { ?chancellor rdfs:label ?chancellorLabel. FILTER(LANG(?chancellorLabel) = "en") }
}

Let me execute this query to check the results.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| chancellor                      | chancellorLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Konrad Adenauer (wd:Q2492)      | Konrad Adenauer (en)      |
| Ludwig Erhard (wd:Q2496)        | Ludwig Erhard (en)        |
| Kurt Georg Kiesinger (wd:Q2512) | Kurt Georg Kiesinger (en) |
| Willy Brandt (wd:Q2514)         | Willy Brandt (en)         |
| Helmut Schmidt (wd:Q2516)       | Helmut Schmidt (en)       |
| Helmut Kohl (wd:Q2518)          | Helmut Kohl (en)          |
| Gerhard Schröder (wd:Q2530)     | Gerhard Schröder (en)     |
| Walter Scheel (wd:Q2571)        | Walter Scheel (en)        |
| Angela Merkel (wd:Q567)         | Angela Merkel (en)        |
| Olaf Scholz (wd:Q61053)         | Olaf Scholz (en)          |

[Assistant]
Here is the SPARQL query that returns all federal chancellors of Germany (since 1949), along with their Wikidata identifiers and optional English labels:

SELECT ?chancellor ?chancellorLabel WHERE {
  ?chancellor wdt:P39 wd:Q4970706.
  OPTIONAL { ?chancellor rdfs:label ?chancellorLabel. FILTER(LANG(?chancellorLabel) = "en") }
}

The results include:
- Konrad Adenauer (wd:Q2492)
- Ludwig Erhard (wd:Q2496)
- Kurt Georg Kiesinger (wd:Q2512)
- Willy Brandt (wd:Q2514)
- Helmut Schmidt (wd:Q2516)
- Helmut Kohl (wd:Q2518)
- Gerhard Schröder (wd:Q2530)
- Angela Merkel (wd:Q567)
- Olaf Scholz (wd:Q61053)

Note: Walter Scheel (wd:Q2571) appears in the results, but he was actually a Federal President, not a Chancellor. This suggests a possible data issue or misattribution in Wikidata. All other names are correct federal chancellors.

Here is the final SPARQL query for your request.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?actor ?actorLabel ?birthday WHERE {
  VALUES ?actor {
    wd:Q189067 wd:Q207598 wd:Q211040 wd:Q162578
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor wdt:P569 ?birthday
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The birthdays of the main actors of the television show Charmed are:
- Alyssa Milano: 1972-12-19
- Shannen Doherty: 1971-04-12
- Rose McGowan: 1973-09-05
- Holly Marie Combs: 1973-12-03

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Give me the birthdays of all actors of the television show Charmed.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for the television show "Charmed".
2. Then, we need to find all actors (cast members) of this show.
3. For each actor, we need to retrieve their birthday.

Let's proceed step by step.

First, I'll search for the entity representing the television show "Charmed" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Charmed (wd:Q162371): American supernatural drama / fantasy television series (1998–2006)
2. Charmed (wd:Q53162693): American television series, reboot of Charmed (1998–2006)
3. Charmed (wd:Q1067576): Norwegian musical group
4. Charmed, also known as Charmed (comics) (wd:Q2564039): comic book that is an officially licensed continuation of the popular The WB television series of the same name
5. Charmed (wd:Q11963476): 2000 self-titled debut studio album by Charmed
6. Charmed (wd:Q5086449): video game based on the fourth season of the television series of the same name
7. Charmed (wd:Q133201824)
8. Charmed (wd:Q128008863): episode of The Little Mermaid (S1 E7)
9. charmed (wd:L8016-F3)
10. charmed (wd:L8016-F5)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the original "Charmed" television series (1998–2006) is wd:Q162371.

Next, I need to find the actors (cast members) of this show. To do this, I will search for properties related to "cast member" or "actor" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. voice actor, also known as voice actors, voice dubber, voice actress, voice actresses, voiced by (wd:P725 as wdt/p): performer of a spoken role in a creative work such as animation,... (P453) as qualifier] [use "cast member" (P161) for live acting], film crew member, cast member
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. original language of film or TV show, also known as media language, original language, language of the original work, created on language (wd:P364 as wdt/p): language in which a film or a performance work was originally cr... works and songs; use P407 ("language of work or name") instead., language of work or name
5. IMDb ID, also known as IMDb identifier, Internet Movie Database identifier (wd:P345 as wdt/p): identifier for the IMDb (with prefix 'tt', 'nm', 'co', 'ev', 'ch' or 'ni')
6. producer, also known as music producer, record producer, produced by, film producer, creative producer (wd:P162 as wdt/p): person(s) who produced the film, musical work, theatrical produc...etc.) [for production company, use P272, video games - use P178]
7. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
10. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt/p): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wdt:P161) is the correct one to use for finding the actors of "Charmed" (wd:Q162371).

Next, I will check which entities are linked as cast members of "Charmed" using this property.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject              | property               | object                         |
| -------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Charmed (wd:Q162371) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Alyssa Milano (wd:Q189067)     |
| Charmed (wd:Q162371) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Shannen Doherty (wd:Q207598)   |
| Charmed (wd:Q162371) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rose McGowan (wd:Q211040)      |
| Charmed (wd:Q162371) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Holly Marie Combs (wd:Q162578) |

[Assistant]
The main cast members of "Charmed" according to Wikidata are:
- Alyssa Milano (wd:Q189067)
- Shannen Doherty (wd:Q207598)
- Rose McGowan (wd:Q211040)
- Holly Marie Combs (wd:Q162578)

Now, I need to find the birthdays of these actors. I will search for the relevant property for "date of birth".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): date on which the subject was born, inception
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
8. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
9. website username or ID, also known as user name, website username, website ID, username in social media, username (wd:P554 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): username or identifier on a website that the person or movement ... account on, for use as qualifier of "website account on" (P553)
10. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as psv/wdt/p/pq/psn/pqn/prn/wdtn/prv/pqv/pr/ps): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name

[Assistant]
The property "date of birth" (wdt:P569) is the correct one to use for retrieving the birthdays of the actors.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to get the date of birth for each of the four main cast members of "Charmed". I will also optionally retrieve their labels for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| actor                          | actorLabel             | birthday                            |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Holly Marie Combs (wd:Q162578) | Holly Marie Combs (en) | 1973-12-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Alyssa Milano (wd:Q189067)     | Alyssa Milano (en)     | 1972-12-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Shannen Doherty (wd:Q207598)   | Shannen Doherty (en)   | 1971-04-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Rose McGowan (wd:Q211040)      | Rose McGowan (en)      | 1973-09-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process