PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.03hvfx fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films ?performance .
  ?performance fb:film.performance.actor ?actor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel
  }
}

Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                        | actorLabel          |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (en)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (fr)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (it)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (tr)  |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | Melinda McGraw (de) |
| ...                          | ...                 |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | مليندا ماكغراو (ar) |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | ملیندا مک‌گرا (fa)  |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | 멀린다 맥그로 (ko)        |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | メリンダ・マックグロウ (ja)    |
| Hannah Gunn (fb:m.0y54_x6)   | Hannah Gunn (en)    |

The actors who played the fictional character Batgirl (Barbara Gordon), the parent of James Gordon, Jr., include Ilyssa Fradin, Melinda McGraw, and Hannah Gunn among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who played the fictional character, Batgirl, that's the parent of James Gordon, Jr.?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
The fictional character that played the parent of Scout Finch, did what as a profession?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.children fb:m.0j6n38m .
  ?c fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.occupation ?x .
}

Using entities:
Scout Finch, also known as Jean Louise "Scout" Finch (fb:m.0j6n38m): Scout Finch is a fictional character from To Kill a Mockingbird., has type Film character

Using properties:
Children (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.children): part of Fictional Character schema, links to type Fictional Character
Occupation (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.occupation): part of Fictional Character schema, links to type Character Occupation

Example 2:
Question:
Which actors played the parents of the Gotham Rogues Player #9 character?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:film.actor.film ?k .
  ?k fb:film.performance.character fb:m.0y7gvsj .
  ?c fb:people.person.parents ?x .
}

Using entities:
Gotham Rogues Player #9 (fb:m.0y7gvsj): Gotham Rogues Player #9 is a fictional character from the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises., has type Film character

Using properties:
Film performances (fb:film.actor.film): links to type Film performance, part of Film actor schema
Character (fb:film.performance.character): part of Film performance schema, links to type Film character
Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person

Example 3:
Question:
Who plays the character born in Gotham City in 2012?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.place_of_birth fb:m.03fdg .
  ?c fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program ?y .
  ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor ?x .
  FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.from ?sk0
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.from ?sk1 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk1 ) <= "2012-12-31" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  ) FILTER ( NOT EXISTS {
    ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.to ?sk2
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?y fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.to ?sk3 .
    FILTER ( xsd:datetime ( ?sk3 ) >= "2012-01-01" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
  }
  )
}

Using entities:
Gotham City (fb:m.03fdg): Gotham City or Gotham is a fictional American city appearing in ...pict the less urban setting of Wayne Manor in live action films., has type Fictional Setting

Using properties:
Place of Birth (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.place_of_birth): part of Fictional Character schema, links to type Fictional Setting
Actor (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.actor): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type TV Actor
From (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.from): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type Date/Time
To (fb:tv.regular_tv_appearance.to): part of TV Regular Performance schema, links to type Date/Time
Programs in which this was a regular character (fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Character schema

[Assistant]
The question asks for the actor who played the fictional character Batgirl, who is the parent of James Gordon, Jr.

Step 1: Identify the entity for James Gordon, Jr. in the knowledge graph.
Step 2: Find the parent of James Gordon, Jr.
Step 3: Check if the parent is the fictional character Batgirl.
Step 4: Find the actor who played Batgirl.

I will start by searching for the entity "James Gordon, Jr." in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James Gordon, Jr., also known as James Gordon Jr. (fb:m.0n_j89f): James Gordon, Jr. is a fictional character, a supervillain in DC...bara Gordon, who later tries to bring him to justice as Batgirl., James Gordon, Jr. is a fictional character from the 2008 film The Dark Knight., has type Film character
2. James Gordon Bennett, Jr. (fb:m.01z5cd): James Gordon Bennett, Jr. was publisher of the New York Herald, ...tone, and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on the North Pole., has type Organization founder
3. James Gordon Bennett jr (fb:m.02cktw6)
4. James Gordon, also known as Commissioner Gordon, The Commissioner, Jim Gordon, Commissioner James Gordon (fb:m.031v20): Commissioner James "Jim" W. Gordon, Senior is a fictional charac...m needs him. The two have a mutual respect and tacit friendship., has type Comic Book Character
5. James Gordon, also known as 'Big Jim' Gordon, Jim Gordon (fb:m.02xb61r): James Gordon was an American silent film actor. He appeared in 1... died in Hollywood, California from post-surgical complications., has type Film director
6. J. Watson Webb, Jr., also known as J. Watson Webb Jr., J. Watson Webb, James Watson Webb Jr., James Watson Webb III, James Jr. (fb:m.043n2mq): James Watson Webb III was an American film editor and heir to both the Havemeyer and Vanderbilt families., has type Film editor
7. James Gordon (fb:m.0914fy): James Gordon was an American planter, writer, and politician fro...d until February 23, 1910, when he was succeeded by LeRoy Percy., has type U.S. Congressperson
8. James Gordon (fb:m.03m5gbf): James Gordon is a Canadian singer-songwriter, known as a foundin...mber of Tamarack. He has also released more than 20 solo albums., has type Composer
9. James Gordon (fb:m.09143y): James Gordon was an Irish-born American merchant, soldier, and p...the United States House of Representatives from 1791 until 1795., has type U.S. Congressperson
10. James Roosevelt, Jr., also known as James, Jr., James Roosevelt III, Jim Roosevelt (fb:m.03q19hf): James Roosevelt III is an attorney and Democratic Party official...emocratic National Committee, a position he has held since 1995., has type Family member

[Assistant] I found the entity James Gordon, Jr. (fb:m.0n_j89f) which is a fictional character and the son of Barbara Gordon, who later tries to bring him to justice as Batgirl. Now I will find the parent of James Gordon, Jr. to confirm if it is Batgirl.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The direct parent information for James Gordon, Jr. is not found under the property fb:people.person.parents. Since the question specifies Batgirl as the parent, I will try to find the character Batgirl in the knowledge graph and check if she is linked as a parent to James Gordon, Jr.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Batgirl (fb:m.03htm6): Batgirl is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing i...civilian identity, she is shot by the Joker and left paraplegic., has type Film character
2. Barbara Gordon, also known as Babs, The Oracle, Oracle, Batgirl, Barbra Gordon (fb:m.03hvfx): Barbara Gordon is a fictional superheroine appearing in American...ebuted in 1975, partnered with the original Robin, Dick Grayson., Barbara Gordon   is a fictional character from the 2008 film The Dark Knight., has type Comic Book Character
3. Suzy Batkovic, also known as Suzy Batkovic-Brown, Batgirl (fb:m.0868f0): Suzy Batkovic-Brown is an Australian women's basketball player. ... Summer Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics., has type Basketball Player
4. Helena Bertinelli, also known as Batgirl, Helena Rosa Bertinelli, Huntress (fb:m.025_q66): The Huntress is a fictional character in the DC Universe. Based ...al Helena Bertinelli is an agent of the spy organization Spyral., has type Comic Book Character
5. Cassandra Cain, also known as Batgirl (fb:m.03hvg9): Cassandra Cain is a fictional character in the DC Comics Univers... company-wide reboot in October 2015's Batman and Robin Eternal., has type Comic Book Character
6. Batgirl (fb:m.0st4l2): has type Musical Recording
7. Barbara Wilson, also known as Batgirl (fb:m.0hcgh1x): Barbara Wilson is a fictional character form the 1997 crime fict...tion film Batman & Robin. She is Batman's butler Alfred's niece., has type Film character
8. Batgirl (fb:m.07k8x2x): has type Comic Book Series
9. Batgirl (fb:m.0ln3dcn)
10. Batgirl Returns (fb:m.06ymg1j): Batgirl and Catwoman team up to investigate the theft of a rare cat statue., has type TV Episode

[Assistant]
There are multiple entities for Batgirl. The most relevant ones seem to be:
- Batgirl (fb:m.03htm6) as a film character
- Barbara Gordon (fb:m.03hvfx) who is also known as Batgirl
- Cassandra Cain (fb:m.03hvg9) as Batgirl
- Barbara Wilson (fb:m.0hcgh1x) as Batgirl in a film

Since the question mentions the parent of James Gordon, Jr., and the description of James Gordon, Jr. mentioned Barbara Gordon as the parent, I will check the parents of James Gordon, Jr. again but this time try to find if Barbara Gordon (fb:m.03hvfx) is linked as a parent.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The direct parent relationship between James Gordon, Jr. and Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) is not explicitly stated in the property fb:people.person.parents. I will try another approach by checking if Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) has a child relationship to James Gordon, Jr.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| child                            |
| -------------------------------- |
| James Gordon, Jr. (fb:m.0n_j89f) |

[Assistant] Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) is confirmed as the parent of James Gordon, Jr. Now I will find the actor who played Barbara Gordon (Batgirl). I will search for the property related to actors or performances for Barbara Gordon.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Occupation (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.occupation): part of Fictional Character schema, links to type Character Occupation
2. Portrayed in films (fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films): links to type Film performance, part of Film character schema
3. Character Created By (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.character_created_by): links to type Fictional Character Creator, part of Fictional Character schema
4. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
5. Regular Featured Appearances (fb:comic_books.comic_book_character.regular_featured_appearances): part of Comic Book Character schema, links to type Comic Book Series
6. Romantically involved with (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.romantically_involved_with): links to type Romantic involvement, part of Fictional Character schema
7. Programs in which this was a regular character (fb:tv.tv_character.appeared_in_tv_program): links to type TV Regular Performance, part of TV Character schema
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. Married To (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.married_to): links to type Marriage (of Fictional Characters), part of Fictional Character schema
10. Alternate Identities (fb:user.duck1123.default_domain.primary_identity.alternate_identities): links to type Alternate Persona, part of Primary Identity schema

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "Portrayed in films" (fb:film.film_character.portrayed_in_films) seems relevant to find the film performances of Barbara Gordon (Batgirl). I will use this property to find the film performances and then find the actors who played her.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                        | actorLabel          |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (en)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (fr)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (it)  |
| Ilyssa Fradin (fb:m.041w0w1) | Ilyssa Fradin (tr)  |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | Melinda McGraw (de) |
| ...                          | ...                 |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | مليندا ماكغراو (ar) |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | ملیندا مک‌گرا (fa)  |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | 멀린다 맥그로 (ko)        |
| Melinda McGraw (fb:m.0443_w) | メリンダ・マックグロウ (ja)    |
| Hannah Gunn (fb:m.0y54_x6)   | Hannah Gunn (en)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?film WHERE {
  fb:m.0f4vbz fb:film.director.film ?film .
  ?film fb:film.film.written_by fb:m.02kxbx3 .
}

The film directed by Angelina Jolie that was written by Joel Coen is 'Unbroken'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What film directed by Angelina Jolie was written by Joel Coen?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What movie, directed by Angelina Jolie, was written by Joel Coen?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f4vbz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f4vbz fb:film.director.film ?x .
  ?x fb:film.film.written_by fb:m.02kxbx3 .
}

Using entities:
Joel Coen, also known as Joël Coen, Roderick Jaynes, Joel David Coen, Joel Daniel Coen, Joel Cohen (fb:m.02kxbx3): Joel Coen is a film and television producer, screenwriter, film director and film editor., has type Film director
Angelina Jolie, also known as AJ, Angie, Angelina Jolie Voight, Angelina, Ange (fb:m.0f4vbz): Angelina Jolie Pitt is an American actress, filmmaker, and human... the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey and Unbroken., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Films directed (fb:film.director.film): part of Film director schema, links to type Film
Screenplay by (fb:film.film.written_by): links to type Film writer, part of Film schema

Example 2:
Question:
What film directed by Angelina Jolie was released first?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f4vbz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f4vbz fb:film.director.film ?x .
  ?x fb:film.film.initial_release_date ?num .
}
ORDER BY ?num
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Angelina Jolie, also known as AJ, Angie, Angelina Jolie Voight, Angelina, Ange (fb:m.0f4vbz): Angelina Jolie Pitt is an American actress, filmmaker, and human... the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey and Unbroken., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Films directed (fb:film.director.film): part of Film director schema, links to type Film
Initial release date (fb:film.film.initial_release_date): links to type Date/Time, part of Film schema

Example 3:
Question:
What movie was directed by Angelina Jolie and decorate by Anna Lynch-Robinson?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.0f4vbz ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.0f4vbz fb:film.director.film ?x .
  ?x fb:film.film.film_set_decoration_by fb:m.08y3lvc .
}

Using entities:
Anna Lynch-Robinson, also known as Anna Lynch Robinson (fb:m.08y3lvc): Anna Lynch-Robinson is a set decorator and art director who was ...t Production Design. She shared her nomination with Eve Stewart., Anna Lynch-Robinson is a set decorator., has type Award Winner
Angelina Jolie, also known as AJ, Angie, Angelina Jolie Voight, Angelina, Ange (fb:m.0f4vbz): Angelina Jolie Pitt is an American actress, filmmaker, and human... the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey and Unbroken., has type Celebrity

Using properties:
Films directed (fb:film.director.film): part of Film director schema, links to type Film
Set Decoration by (fb:film.film.film_set_decoration_by): links to type Film set decorator, part of Film schema

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, I see that Angelina Jolie is identified as fb:m.0f4vbz and Joel Coen as fb:m.02kxbx3 in Freebase. The property for films directed by a director is fb:film.director.film and the property for films written by a writer is fb:film.film.written_by.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find films directed by Angelina Jolie and written by Joel Coen using these entities and properties.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| film                    |
| ----------------------- |
| Unbroken (fb:m.0wjk75w) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?nationalAnthem ?nationalAnthemLabel WHERE {
  ?country fb:location.country.languages_spoken fb:m.027bj_4 .
  ?country fb:location.country.national_anthem ?nationalAnthemEntity .
  ?nationalAnthemEntity fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.anthem ?nationalAnthem .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?nationalAnthem rdfs:label ?nationalAnthemLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?nationalAnthemLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nationalAnthem                          | nationalAnthemLabel            |
| --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| National Anthem of Russia (fb:m.01ptxd) | National Anthem of Russia (en) |

The national anthem of the place where Tsakhur is spoken is the National Anthem of Russia.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the national anthem of the place where Tsakhur is spoken?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What kind of government does the country where the Tsakhur language is spoken have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.languages_spoken fb:m.027bj_4 .
  ?c fb:location.country.form_of_government ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tsakhur Language, also known as Tsakhur, Tsaxur, Tsakhury, Sakhur, Caxur (fb:m.027bj_4): Tsakhur is a language spoken by the Tsakhurs in northern Azerbai...ndangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger., has type Human Language

Using properties:
Form of Government (fb:location.country.form_of_government): links to type Form of Government, part of Country schema
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
What continent is the country where the Tsakhur language is spoken?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.languages_spoken fb:m.027bj_4 .
  ?c fb:base.locations.countries.continent ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tsakhur Language, also known as Tsakhur, Tsaxur, Tsakhury, Sakhur, Caxur (fb:m.027bj_4): Tsakhur is a language spoken by the Tsakhurs in northern Azerbai...ndangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger., has type Human Language

Using properties:
Continent (fb:base.locations.countries.continent): links to type Continents, part of Countries schema
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
What religions are practiced in the country which uses the Tsakhur language?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.languages_spoken fb:m.027bj_4 .
  ?c fb:location.statistical_region.religions ?y .
  ?y fb:location.religion_percentage.religion ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tsakhur Language, also known as Tsakhur, Tsaxur, Tsakhury, Sakhur, Caxur (fb:m.027bj_4): Tsakhur is a language spoken by the Tsakhurs in northern Azerbai...ndangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger., has type Human Language

Using properties:
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema
Religion (fb:location.religion_percentage.religion): part of Religion percentage schema, links to type Religion
Religions (fb:location.statistical_region.religions): links to type Religion percentage, part of Statistical region schema

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that the Tsakhur language is identified as fb:m.027bj_4 in Freebase. The examples show how to find the country where Tsakhur is spoken using the property fb:location.country.languages_spoken. Now, I need to find the national anthem of that country. I will first check if there is a property related to "national anthem" for countries in Freebase. I will search for properties related to "national anthem" for the entity type country.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. National anthem (fb:location.country.national_anthem): links to type National anthem of a country, part of Country schema
2. National anthem of (fb:government.national_anthem.national_anthem_of): links to type National anthem of a country, part of National Anthem schema
3. Official anthem since (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.official_anthem_since): part of National anthem of a country schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Anthem (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.anthem): part of National anthem of a country schema, links to type National Anthem
5. Official anthem until (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.official_anthem_until): part of National anthem of a country schema, links to type Date/Time
6. Fight song (fb:sports.sports_team.fight_song): part of Sports Team schema, links to type Fight song
7. Fight Song (fb:base.collegesportsteams.college_football_team.fight_song): part of College Football Team schema, links to type Text
8. Song (fb:base.gleebase.song_performance.song): part of Song Performance schema, links to type Song in Glee
9. Song (fb:user.ebel.default_domain.eurovision_song_contest_vote.song): links to type Eurovision Song Contest Entry, part of Eurovision Song Contest Vote schema
10. Song (fb:user.gmackenz.music_video.music_performed.song): part of Music Performed schema

[Assistant] I found the property fb:location.country.national_anthem which links to the national anthem of a country. Now I will write a SPARQL query to find the country where Tsakhur (fb:m.027bj_4) is spoken and then get the national anthem of that country using the property fb:location.country.national_anthem. I will also try to get the label of the national anthem for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| nationalAnthem | nationalAnthemLabel |
| -------------- | ------------------- |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9   |                     |

[Assistant] The query returned the national anthem entity fb:m.0bwnwv9 for the country where Tsakhur is spoken, but it did not return an English label for the anthem. I will now try to get the English label for this national anthem entity separately.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There is no English label available for the national anthem entity fb:m.0bwnwv9. I will try to get any label regardless of language for this entity.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] There are no labels available for the national anthem entity fb:m.0bwnwv9. I will try to get some other properties or related entities for this national anthem entity to find a more descriptive name or information.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject      | property                                                                                | object                                                                    |
| ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9 | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                                               | National anthem of a country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country) |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9 | Anthem (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.anthem)                               | National Anthem of Russia (fb:m.01ptxd)                                   |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9 | Country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.country)                             | Russia (fb:m.06bnz)                                                       |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9 | Official anthem since (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country.official_anthem_since) | 2000-12-30 (xsd:date)                                                     |
| fb:m.0bwnwv9 | rdf:type                                                                                | National anthem of a country (fb:government.national_anthem_of_a_country) |

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.0bwnwv9 is of type "National anthem of a country" and it has a property "Anthem" which points to another entity fb:m.01ptxd labeled "National Anthem of Russia". The country is Russia (fb:m.06bnz). So the national anthem of the place where Tsakhur is spoken is the "National Anthem of Russia". I will finalize the answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?inspirer WHERE {
  fb:m.02zjd fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?inspirer .
  ?inspirer fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death ?dateOfDeath .
}
ORDER BY ?dateOfDeath
LIMIT 1

The person who inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald and died the earliest is John Keats.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who inspired Scott Fitzgerald that died the earliest?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What writer influenced Charles Dickens and died the earliest?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.01v9724 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.01v9724 fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?x .
  ?x fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death ?num .
}
ORDER BY ?num
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Charles Dickens, also known as Dickens Charles, C. Dickens, Dickens, Charles John Huffham Dickens, Charles John Huffam Dickens (fb:m.01v9724): Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social cri...s humour, satire, and keen observation of character and society., has type Author

Using properties:
Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 2:
Question:
Which of the people who inspired Steinbeck died earliest?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04107 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04107 fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?x .
  ?x fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death ?num .
}
ORDER BY ?num
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
John Steinbeck, also known as John Ernst Steinbeck, Steinbeck, John, John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (fb:m.04107): John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. was an American author of twenty-seven..., especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists., has type Author

Using properties:
Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
Date of death (fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Date/Time

Example 3:
Question:
Who influenced John Steinbeck to start writing that died from heart attack?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.04107 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.04107 fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by ?x .
  ?x fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death fb:m.0gk4g .
}

Using entities:
John Steinbeck, also known as John Ernst Steinbeck, Steinbeck, John, John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (fb:m.04107): John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. was an American author of twenty-seven..., especially as applied to downtrodden or everyman protagonists., has type Author
heart attack, also known as Acute myocardial infarction, Silent heart attack, Myocardial infarction, MI, Heart Attack (fb:m.0gk4g): Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction, commonly k...erotic plaque leading to complete blockage of a coronary artery., has type Disease or medical condition

Using properties:
Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
Cause of death (fb:people.deceased_person.cause_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Cause Of Death

[Assistant]
From the examples, it seems the property for "influenced by" or "inspired by" is fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by and the property for date of death is fb:people.deceased_person.date_of_death.

Next, I will search for the entity "Scott Fitzgerald" in the knowledge graph to get the correct identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Scott Fitzgerald, also known as Fitzgerald, Scott (fb:m.01l4km0): Scott Fitzgerald, is a singer and musical actor, who experienced...nd later represented the UK at the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest., has type Musical Artist
2. Scott Fitzgerald, also known as Fitzgerald, Scott (fb:m.03yz5sn): has type Composer
3. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0271sks): Scott Brian Fitzgerald is an English-born Irish football coach, ...–07 season. Fitzgerald is currently academy manager at Millwall., has type Football player
4. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0cmn_x): Scott P. Fitzgerald is an English semi-professional footballer. ...having departed Wealdstone the previous month, but left in 2014., has type Football player
5. Scott L. Fitzgerald, also known as Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.03nvqsc): Scott L. Fitzgerald is an American politician and one-time newsp...the Wisconsin Senate, representing the 13th District since 1994., has type Politician
6. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0112x3_j): Scott Fitzgerald is an actor, known for the 2009 film Date for Hire., has type Film actor
7. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.011lbl4s): Scott Fitzgerald is an English boxer. He won the gold medal in t...d is trained by his father, Dave, who is the owener of the club.
8. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0n96c27): Scott Fitzgerald was the husband of Pam Bondi., has type Person
9. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0bbgzwy): has type Book Edition
10. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c768hc): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] There is no direct entity for the famous author F. Scott Fitzgerald in the top search results. I will try searching for "F. Scott Fitzgerald" instead to find the correct entity for the author.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. F. Scott Fitzgerald, also known as Fitzgerald, F Scott Fitzgerald, Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (fb:m.02zjd): Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was an American author of novels an...at treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair., has type Author
2. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.08lgkqk): has type Book Edition
3. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.08lybm0): has type Book Edition
4. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0bglw7t): F. Scott Fitzgerald is a fictional character in the 2011 romantic comedy film Midnight in Paris., F. Scott Fitzgerald is a fictional representation of the American writer and novelist., Representation in fiction of the American author., has type Film character
5. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c872v1): has type Book Edition
6. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.06zf30k): Welcome to scottfitz, a shared, online source of facts and infor...d the world. Join us and be a part of building and improving it!
7. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c651cc): has type Book Edition
8. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c9ggvn): has type Book Edition
9. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c8m6k5): has type Book Edition
10. F. Scott Fitzgerald (fb:m.0c8m6hr): has type Book Edition

[Assistant] The entity fb:m.02zjd corresponds to F. Scott Fitzgerald, the American author. Now I will search for the property that indicates who inspired or influenced F. Scott Fitzgerald. I will search for properties related to "influenced by" or "inspired by" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Influenced By (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
2. Influenced (fb:influence.influence_node.influenced): part of Influence Node schema, links to type Influence Node
3. Connections to (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_to): links to type KWConnection, part of KWTopic schema
4. Connections from (fb:base.kwebbase.kwtopic.connections_from): links to type KWConnection, part of KWTopic schema
5. Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for): links to type notable_for, part of Topic schema
6. Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
7. Things named after this (fb:symbols.name_source.namesakes): part of Name source schema, links to type Namesake
8. Representations In Fiction (fb:fictional_universe.person_in_fiction.representations_in_fiction): part of Person Or Being In Fiction schema, links to type Fictional Character
9. Named after (fb:symbols.namesake.named_after): links to type Name source, part of Namesake schema
10. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country

No other items found

[Assistant] The property fb:influence.influence_node.influenced_by is the correct property to find who influenced or inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald. Now I will write a SPARQL query to find the person who inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald and died the earliest. I will order by the date of death and limit the result to 1.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inspirer                |
| ----------------------- |
| John Keats (fb:m.0465_) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?college WHERE {
  fb:m.018t67 fb:people.person.education ?education .
  ?education fb:education.education.institution ?college .
  ?college fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
  ?college fb:organization.organization.date_founded ?dateFounded .
  FILTER ( xsd:integer ( ?dateFounded ) < 1821 ) .
}

The college that Charles Drew attended which was founded before 1821 is returned by the query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the college that was founded before 1821 which Charles Drew attended?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What college did Charles Richard Drew go to that has the largest number of undergraduates?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.018t67 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.018t67 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
  ?x fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates ?c .
  ?c fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number ?num .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( xsd:integer ( ?num ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Charles R. Drew, also known as Dr. Charles R. Drew, Charles Richard Drew (fb:m.018t67): Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and med... lacked scientific foundation, an action which cost him his job., has type Physician
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Number of undergraduates (fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates): part of College/University schema, links to type Dated Integer
number (fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number): part of Dated Integer schema, links to type Integer
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 2:
Question:
What college with less that 7814 undergraduates did Charles Richard Drew attend?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.018t67 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.018t67 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
  ?x fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates ?c .
  ?c fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number ?num .
  FILTER ( xsd:integer ( ?num ) < 7814 ) .
}

Using entities:
Charles R. Drew, also known as Dr. Charles R. Drew, Charles Richard Drew (fb:m.018t67): Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and med... lacked scientific foundation, an action which cost him his job., has type Physician
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Number of undergraduates (fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates): part of College/University schema, links to type Dated Integer
number (fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number): part of Dated Integer schema, links to type Integer
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
What college did Charles Richard Drew go to with the smallest number of undergraduates?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != fb:m.018t67 ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) fb:m.018t67 fb:people.person.education ?y .
  ?y fb:education.education.institution ?x .
  ?x fb:common.topic.notable_types fb:m.01y2hnl .
  ?x fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates ?c .
  ?c fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number ?num .
}
ORDER BY xsd:integer ( ?num )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Charles R. Drew, also known as Dr. Charles R. Drew, Charles Richard Drew (fb:m.018t67): Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and med... lacked scientific foundation, an action which cost him his job., has type Physician
College/University, also known as College, University (fb:m.01y2hnl): The College/University type is used for institutions that offer ...mation, please see the Freebase wiki page on College/University.

Using properties:
Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types): part of Topic schema, links to type Type
Institution (fb:education.education.institution): links to type Educational Institution, part of Education schema
Number of undergraduates (fb:education.university.number_of_undergraduates): part of College/University schema, links to type Dated Integer
number (fb:measurement_unit.dated_integer.number): part of Dated Integer schema, links to type Integer
Education (fb:people.person.education): links to type Education, part of Person schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that Charles Richard Drew is represented by the entity fb:m.018t67 in Freebase. The property for education is fb:people.person.education, and the institution of education is linked by fb:education.education.institution. Colleges or universities have the notable type fb:m.01y2hnl. The founding date of the college might be represented by a property related to the date or founding.

Next, I will search for the properties related to the founding date of a college/university to find the exact property to use for filtering colleges founded before 1821.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Date founded (fb:freebase.apps.hosts.com.freebaseapps.topics.company.date_founded): links to type Date/Time, part of Company schema
2. Date Founded (fb:base.dance.dance_company.date_founded): part of Dance Company schema, links to type Date/Time
3. Date Founded (fb:medicine.hospital.date_founded): part of Hospital schema, links to type Date/Time
4. Date Founded (fb:base.iceandfire.noble_house.date_founded): part of Noble House schema, links to type Date/Time
5. Date founded (fb:user.dharmatech.default_domain.political_organization.date_founded): part of Political organization schema, links to type Date/Time
6. Date founded (fb:base.educationalshortfilm.studios_and_companies.date_founded): part of Studios and Companies schema, links to type Date/Time
7. Date founded (fb:film.film_festival.date_founded): part of Film festival schema, links to type Date/Time
8. Date founded (fb:education.department.date_founded): part of Department schema, links to type Date/Time
9. Date founded (fb:government.government_agency.date_founded): part of Government Agency schema, links to type Date/Time
10. Date Founded (fb:royalty.order_of_chivalry.date_founded): part of Order of Chivalry schema, links to type Date/Time

[Assistant] I found several properties related to "date founded," but none explicitly mention colleges or universities. I will now check the properties of the college/university entity type (fb:m.01y2hnl) to see if there is a property related to the founding date.

[Tool]
Got 150 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                                               | object                                                                   |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                             | Type (fb:type.type)                                                      |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                               | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                             | Akademi/Universitas (id)                                                 |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)              | The College/University type is u...wiki page on College/University. (en) |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Permission (fb:type.object.permission)                 | fb:m.0z_                                                                 |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                      | fb:m.021y5v6                                                             |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                  | College (en)                                                             |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | ID (fb:type.object.id)                                 | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Best HRID (fb:freebase.object_hints.best_hrid)         | /education/university                                                    |
| College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) | Included Types (fb:freebase.type_hints.included_types) | Topic (fb:m.01c5)                                                        |
| ...                               | ...                                                    | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant]
The list of properties for College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl) does not show a direct property for founding date. I will try to find properties related to founding date for a specific college/university entity to see if there is a property that can be used.

First, I need to find a college/university that Charles Drew attended. I will query the colleges/universities that Charles Drew attended.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 1 column:
| college                                             |
| --------------------------------------------------- |
| Columbia University (fb:m.01w5m)                    |
| McGill University (fb:m.052nd)                      |
| McGill University Faculty of Medicine (fb:m.0b5fng) |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1)                        |

[Assistant]
Charles Drew attended Columbia University (fb:m.01w5m), McGill University (fb:m.052nd), McGill University Faculty of Medicine (fb:m.0b5fng), and Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1).

Next, I will check the properties of one of these colleges, for example, Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1), to find if there is a property related to the founding date.

[Tool]
Got 1,065 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/nces/ipeds/164465                                             |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Amherst College (da)                                                     |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst_College>                           |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.1257t4xgq                                                           |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | College/University (fb:m.01y2hnl)                                        |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Amherst College är ett privat li...amngivits efter Jeffery Amherst. (sv) |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.0gdm8                                                               |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Amherst College, main campus (en)                                        |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Has value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_value)                     | International tuition (fb:m.0h5tn32)                                     |
| ...                          | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] Amherst College has many properties. I will now search for properties of Amherst College that might be related to founding date by searching for properties with the keyword "found" (to capture "founding" or "founded").

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Contained by (fb:location.location.containedby): part of Location schema, links to type Location
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
4. Has value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_value): part of Value Notation schema, links to type Property
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
7. Colors (fb:education.educational_institution.colors): part of Educational Institution schema, links to type Color
8. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
9. Things named after this (fb:symbols.name_source.namesakes): part of Name source schema, links to type Namesake
10. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema

No other items found

[Assistant] There is no direct property related to founding date for Amherst College. I will try a different approach by searching for properties related to "founding date" or "founded" for the general College/University type (fb:m.01y2hnl).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Published (fb:freebase.type_profile.published): part of Type Profile schema, links to type Type Status
2. ID (fb:type.object.id): part of Object schema, links to type Id
3. Permission (fb:type.object.permission): links to type Permission, part of Object schema
4. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
5. Kind (fb:freebase.type_profile.kind): part of Type Profile schema, links to type Type Kind
6. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
7. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
8. Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
9. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
10. documentation (fb:freebase.documented_object.documentation): part of Documented Object schema, links to type Document

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are no properties related to founding date for the College/University type either.

I will now try to find the founding date for one of the colleges Charles Drew attended, for example, Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1), by searching for triples with Amherst College as the subject and a date or time related property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
There is no triple with Amherst College and the property fb:freebase.apps.hosts.com.freebaseapps.topics.company.date_founded.

I will try to find any property with "date" or "year" in its name for Amherst College.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Date founded (fb:organization.organization.date_founded): part of Organization schema, links to type Date/Time
2. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type
3. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
4. Key (fb:type.object.key): part of Object schema, links to type Key
5. Description (fb:common.topic.description): part of Topic schema, links to type Text
6. Phone number (fb:education.educational_institution.phone_number): part of Educational Institution schema, links to type Phone Number
7. Colors (fb:education.educational_institution.colors): part of Educational Institution schema, links to type Color
8. Has value (fb:freebase.valuenotation.has_value): part of Value Notation schema, links to type Property
9. Article (fb:common.topic.article): links to type Document, part of Topic schema
10. Acceptance rate (fb:education.university.acceptance_rate): part of College/University schema, links to type Acceptance rate

No other items found

[Assistant]
I found a property "Date founded" (fb:organization.organization.date_founded) which is part of the Organization schema and links to Date/Time. This might be used for Amherst College as well.

I will now check if Amherst College has a value for this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property                                                 | object           |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Amherst College (fb:m.0gdm1) | Date founded (fb:organization.organization.date_founded) | 1821 (xsd:gYear) |

[Assistant]
Amherst College was founded in 1821.

Now I will write a SPARQL query to find the college that Charles Drew attended which was founded before 1821.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  ?speaker fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations ?speech .
  ?speech fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic fb:m.04lxyz0 .
  ?speaker fb:people.person.place_of_birth ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
LIMIT 1

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth           | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- |
| Brookline (fb:m.0p9z5) | Brookline (en)    |

The public speaker known for speaking against Anti-Apartheid was raised in Brookline.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was the public speaker, known for speaking against Anti-Apartheid, raised?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What religion was practiced by the public speaker who spoke about Anti-Apartheid?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations ?k .
  ?k fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic fb:m.04lxyz0 .
  ?c fb:base.popstra.celebrity.religion ?y .
  ?y fb:base.popstra.religion_choice.religion ?x .
}

Using entities:
Anti-Apartheid (fb:m.04lxyz0): has type Literature Subject

Using properties:
Religion (fb:base.popstra.celebrity.religion): links to type Religion Choice, part of Celebrity schema
Religion (fb:base.popstra.religion_choice.religion): part of Religion Choice schema, links to type Religion
Speeches or presentations (fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations): links to type Speech or presentation, part of Public speaker schema
Speech subject (fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic): part of Speech or presentation schema, links to type Speech topic

Example 2:
Question:
Where is the burial site of the public speaker who spoke about Anti-Apartheid?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations ?k .
  ?k fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic fb:m.04lxyz0 .
  ?c fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial ?x .
}

Using entities:
Anti-Apartheid (fb:m.04lxyz0): has type Literature Subject

Using properties:
Speeches or presentations (fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations): links to type Speech or presentation, part of Public speaker schema
Speech subject (fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic): part of Speech or presentation schema, links to type Speech topic
Place of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial): links to type Place of interment, part of Deceased Person schema

Example 3:
Question:
In which city was the Anti-Apartheid speaker shot?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations ?k .
  ?k fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic fb:m.04lxyz0 .
  ?c fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death ?x .
}

Using entities:
Anti-Apartheid (fb:m.04lxyz0): has type Literature Subject

Using properties:
Speeches or presentations (fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations): links to type Speech or presentation, part of Public speaker schema
Speech subject (fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic): part of Speech or presentation schema, links to type Speech topic
Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that the entity for Anti-Apartheid is fb:m.04lxyz0 and the property linking a public speaker to their speeches or presentations is fb:event.public_speaker.speeches_or_presentations. The speech topic property is fb:event.speech_or_presentation.speech_topic.

To answer the question "Where was the public speaker, known for speaking against Anti-Apartheid, raised?" I need to find the place where the public speaker was raised. I will first search for properties related to "raised" or "place raised" for a public speaker entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Rise (fb:base.infrastructure.lock.rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Lock schema
2. Back rise (fb:base.truereligion.jean_measurement.back_rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Jean Measurement schema
3. Back rise (fb:base.truereligion.style_measurement.back_rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Style Measurement schema
4. up (fb:base.semantics.meaning.up): part of meaning schema, links to type meaning
5. Amount raised (fb:base.bioventurist.bv_investment_round.amount_raised): links to type Floating Point Number, part of BV: Investment Round schema
6. High (fb:base.petbreeds.year_range.high): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Year Range schema
7. HIgh (fb:user.tsegaran.random.taxonomy_entry.high): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Taxonomy Entry schema
8. Front rise (fb:base.truereligion.style_measurement.front_rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Style Measurement schema
9. Front rise (fb:base.truereligion.jean_measurement.front_rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Jean Measurement schema
10. Total rise (fb:base.infrastructure.lock_system.total_rise): links to type Floating Point Number, part of Lock system schema

[Assistant] There is no direct property related to "raised" or "place raised" in the search results. I will try searching for properties related to "place of upbringing" or "hometown" for a public speaker.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. birthPlace (fb:base.svocab.person.birthplace): part of Person schema, links to type Text
2. parents (fb:base.ficlove.fictional_love_child.parents): part of Fictional Love Child schema, links to type Person
3. parents (fb:base.csl_lives.person.parents): part of cslperson schema, links to type cslperson
4. Parents (fb:base.folklore.named_mythical_creature.parents): part of Named mythical creature schema, links to type Named mythical creature
5. Parents (fb:biology.organism.parents): part of Organism schema, links to type Organism
6. Parents (fb:fictional_universe.fictional_character.parents): part of Fictional Character schema, links to type Fictional Character
7. Parents (fb:people.person.parents): part of Person schema, links to type Person
8. parent (fb:base.svocab.localbusinesscategory.parent): part of LocalBusinessCategory schema, links to type LocalBusinessCategory
9. Parent (fb:base.technologyofdoing.high_performance_concern.parent): part of High-performance Concern schema, links to type High-performance Concern
10. parent (fb:base.account.obj_child.parent): part of obj Child schema, links to type obj Base

[Assistant]
No direct property for "upbringing" or "place raised" is found. However, "birthPlace" (fb:base.svocab.person.birthplace) might be a close proxy for where the public speaker was raised, as it indicates the place of birth.

I will now search for the entity of "Anti-Apartheid" to confirm the entity ID for the speech topic. Then I will construct a query to find the birthplace of public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Anti-Apartheid (fb:m.04lxyz0): has type Literature Subject
2. Anti-Apartheid Movement (fb:m.05c2md): The Anti-Apartheid Movement, originally known as the Boycott Mov...'s system of apartheid and supporting South Africa's non-whites., has type Organization
3. Anti-apartheid activists (fb:m.0bnw86n)
4. Anti-apartheid movements (fb:m.0bn_5bv)
5. The U.S. anti-apartheid movement: local activism in global politics, also known as US anti-apartheid movement. (fb:m.087sbhd): has type Book Edition
6. Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (fb:m.0dzcrs): The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 was a law enacted b... Africa took steps towards meeting the preconditions of the act.
7. The Anti-Apartheid Reader (fb:m.06ll00d): has type Book
8. Women anti-apartheid activists (fb:m.0bnwg31)
9. Anti-apartheid movements--South Africa (fb:m.0bp03l_)
10. Botha Botha (Anti-Apartheid Song) (fb:m.0drvh97): has type Musical Recording

[Assistant] The entity for Anti-Apartheid is fb:m.04lxyz0. I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the birthplace of public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid. Birthplace will be used as a proxy for where they were raised.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results for birthplace of public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid. It is possible that birthplace is not recorded for these speakers in the knowledge graph.

I will try to find other properties related to "place raised" or "hometown" for the public speaker entity to see if there is a better property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Instance (fb:type.type.instance): links to type Object, part of Type schema
2. Name (fb:type.object.name): part of Object schema, links to type Text
3. Type (fb:type.object.type): part of Object schema, links to type Type

No other items found

[Assistant] There are no direct properties related to "place" or "location" for the public speaker entity. I will try searching for properties related to "hometown" or "raised" for a person entity, as public speaker is a subtype of person.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. birthPlace (fb:base.svocab.person.birthplace): part of Person schema, links to type Text
2. City of origin (fb:user.margolin.art_object.folk_art_object.city_of_origin): links to type City/Town/Village, part of Folk art object schema
3. Where I Grew Up (fb:freebase.user_profile.hometown): part of User Profile schema, links to type Location
4. Local Name (fb:base.rosetta.languoid.local_name): links to type Local Name, part of Languoid schema
5. City/Town (fb:user.cip22.default_domain.recording_studio.city_town): links to type City/Town/Village, part of Recording Studio schema
6. City/Town (fb:location.mailing_address.citytown): links to type Location, part of Address schema
7. Place of Residence (fb:base.musiteca.music_teacher.place_of_residence): links to type Situation, part of Composer schema
8. Place of Residence (fb:base.musiteca.performer.place_of_residence): part of Performer schema, links to type Situation
9. Place of origin (fb:base.oysters.oyster.place_of_origin): links to type Natural Location, part of Oyster schema
10. Place of origin (fb:base.militaryinfiction.military_unit_in_fiction.place_of_origin): links to type Military unit place of origin in fiction, part of Military Unit in Fiction schema

[Assistant]
I found a property "Where I Grew Up" (fb:freebase.user_profile.hometown) which seems relevant to the place where the public speaker was raised.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the "Where I Grew Up" location of public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The property "Where I Grew Up" (fb:freebase.user_profile.hometown) also returned no results for public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid.

Since direct properties for place raised or hometown are not yielding results, I will try using birthplace (fb:base.svocab.person.birthplace) again but also include the label of the birthplace for better readability. I will also limit the results to 1 for a concise answer.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There are no results for birthplace either for public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid.

I will now try to find any public speaker who spoke about Anti-Apartheid to see if there are any such entities in the knowledge graph. This will help verify if the data exists.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| speaker                       |
| ----------------------------- |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) |

[Assistant]
There is one public speaker who spoke about Anti-Apartheid: John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14).

I will now check if there is any birthplace or place raised information for John F. Kennedy.

[Tool]
Got 1,945 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Type (fb:type.object.type)                                          | Topic (fb:common.topic)                                                  |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Key (fb:type.object.key)                                            | /authority/daylife/topic/03zxa9tffwcs4                                   |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Name (fb:type.object.name)                                          | Džonas Fidžeraldas Kenedis (lt)                                          |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Topic equivalent webpage (fb:common.topic.topic_equivalent_webpage) | <http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2C%48%46_%43%4A%46%4A%2F%4A>              |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Notable for (fb:common.topic.notable_for)                           | fb:g.12564_fr4                                                           |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Notable types (fb:common.topic.notable_types)                       | US President (fb:m.01xljv7)                                              |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Description (fb:common.topic.description)                           | Džonas Fidžeraldas Kenedis – 35-...etą tarp buvusių JAV prezidentų. (lt) |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Recordings (fb:music.artist.track)                                  | John F. Kennedy Speech (fb:m.012pgw2k)                                   |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Article (fb:common.topic.article)                                   | fb:m.0230ccb                                                             |
| John F. Kennedy (fb:m.0d3k14) | Also known as (fb:common.topic.alias)                               | Crash Kennedy (en)                                                       |
| ...                           | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Assistant] John F. Kennedy is identified as a public speaker who spoke about Anti-Apartheid. I will now specifically check for properties related to birthplace or place raised for John F. Kennedy.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Place of birth (fb:people.person.place_of_birth): links to type Location, part of Person schema
2. Country of nationality (fb:people.person.nationality): part of Person schema, links to type Country
3. Date of birth (fb:people.person.date_of_birth): links to type Date/Time, part of Person schema
4. Originator_of (fb:base.jewlib.original_owner.originator_of): part of Originator of Jewish Studies Collection schema, links to type Jewish Studies Collection
5. Profession (fb:people.person.profession): links to type Profession, part of Person schema
6. Named after (fb:symbols.namesake.named_after): links to type Name source, part of Namesake schema
7. Place of burial (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_burial): links to type Place of interment, part of Deceased Person schema
8. Place of death (fb:people.deceased_person.place_of_death): part of Deceased Person schema, links to type Location
9. Places lived (fb:people.person.places_lived): links to type Place lived, part of Person schema
10. Member of (fb:organization.organization_member.member_of): links to type Organization membership, part of Organization member schema

No other items found

[Assistant]
For John F. Kennedy, the property "Place of birth" (fb:people.person.place_of_birth) is available. This is a suitable property to use as a proxy for where he was raised.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find the place of birth of public speakers who spoke about Anti-Apartheid. I will also include the label of the place of birth for readability.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth           | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- |
| Brookline (fb:m.0p9z5) | Brookline (en)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  fb:m.027rn fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( STR( ?languageLabel ) ) , "hat" ) )
}

The language spoken in the Dominican Republic with initials 'hat' is Haitian Creole.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
freebase at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/freebase

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
fb: <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/
fbkey: <http://rdf.freebase.com/key/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
schema: <http://schema.org/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What language is spoken in the Dominican Republic with initials hat?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What is the official language of the country whose currency is the Dominican peso?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.currency_used fb:m.04lt7_ .
  ?c fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Dominican peso (fb:m.04lt7_): The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic. It...public for all monetary transactions, whether public or private., has type Currency

Using properties:
Currency Used (fb:location.country.currency_used): links to type Currency, part of Country schema
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 2:
Question:
Which language is the official tongue of the country whose capital is located in Santo Domingo?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.capital fb:m.0fthl .
  ?c fb:location.country.official_language ?x .
}

Using entities:
Santo Domingo, also known as Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (fb:m.0fthl): Santo Domingo, known officially as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is t...ng his assassination, the city resumed its original designation., has type City/Town/Village

Using properties:
Capital (fb:location.country.capital): links to type City/Town/Village, part of Country schema
Official Language (fb:location.country.official_language): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

Example 3:
Question:
In the country that includes the location, Puntarenas Province speak which languages?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  FILTER ( ?x != ?c ) FILTER ( ! isLiteral( ?x ) || lang( ?x ) = '' || langMatches( lang( ?x ) , 'en' ) ) ?c fb:location.country.administrative_divisions fb:m.02p71s .
  ?c fb:location.country.languages_spoken ?x .
}

Using entities:
Puntarenas Province, also known as Puntarenas, Provincia De Puntarenas (fb:m.02p71s): Puntarenas is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the wes...ela, San José and Limón, and the neighbouring country of Panama., has type Administrative Division

Using properties:
Administrative Divisions (fb:location.country.administrative_divisions): links to type Administrative Division, part of Country schema
Languages spoken (fb:location.country.languages_spoken): links to type Human Language, part of Country schema

[Assistant]
From the examples, we see that the property fb:location.country.languages_spoken or fb:location.country.official_language can be used to find languages spoken in a country. We need to find the entity for the Dominican Republic and then find the languages spoken there. After that, we will filter the languages to find the one with initials "hat".

First, let's find the entity for the Dominican Republic.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Dominican Republic, also known as República Dominicana (fb:m.027rn): The Dominican Republic is a country on the island of Hispaniola,...y removed by the Haitian government and Dominican slave revolts., has type Country
2. Dominican Republic (fb:m.086c_78): has type Book Edition
3. Dominican Republic (fb:m.0ybwyw7): has type Musical Recording
4. Dominican Republic (fb:m.05dln_l): Grylls has some tips on how to survive the hurricane season and he also eats a tarantula to survive, has type TV Episode
5. Dominican Republic (fb:m.07mqzhw): A woman wants to find a house on the beach in the Dominican Republic., has type TV Episode
6. Dominican Republic, also known as TBD (fb:m.0n4tbww): Nearing toward the end of his final tour, Anthony Bourdain trave...the Caribbean for fresh fish and more in the Dominican Republic., has type TV Episode
7. Dominican Republic (fb:m.0116kn3q): Andi travels to the Dominican Republic where she spends intimate time with each of the three remaining bachelors., has type TV Episode
8. Dominican Republic (fb:m.0qdxlv): has type Musical Recording
9. Dominican Republic (fb:m.07lbffk): has type TV Episode
10. Dominican Republic (fb:m.011nglc8): The Dominican Republic offers perhaps the most exotic adventure experience in the Caribbean., has type TV Episode

[Assistant] The entity for the country Dominican Republic is fb:m.027rn. Now, let's find the languages spoken in the Dominican Republic using this entity.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language                      | languageLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Haitian Creole (fb:m.02dhwl)  | Haitian Creole (en)   |
| Samaná English (fb:m.06jsg0)  | Samaná English (en)   |
| Spanish Language (fb:m.06nm1) | Spanish Language (en) |

[Assistant]
The languages spoken in the Dominican Republic include Haitian Creole, Samaná English, and Spanish Language. The language with the initials "hat" is Haitian Creole.

I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process